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Dhama K, Kumar N, Saminathan M, Tiwari R, Karthik K, Kumar MA, Palanivelu M, Shabbir MZ, Malik YS, Singh RK. Duck virus enteritis (duck plague) - a comprehensive update. Vet Q 2017; 37:57-80. [PMID: 28320263 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2017.1298885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Duck virus enteritis (DVE), also called duck plague, is one of the major contagious and fatal diseases of ducks, geese and swan. It is caused by duck enteritis virus (DEV)/Anatid herpesvirus-1 of the genus Mardivirus, family Herpesviridae, and subfamily Alpha-herpesvirinae. Of note, DVE has worldwide distribution, wherein migratory waterfowl plays a crucial role in its transmission within and between continents. Furthermore, horizontal and/ or vertical transmission plays a significant role in disease spread through oral-fecal discharges. Either of sexes from varying age groups of ducks is vulnerable to DVE. The disease is characterized by sudden death, vascular damage and subsequent internal hemorrhage, lesions in lymphoid organs, digestive mucosal eruptions, severe diarrhea and degenerative lesions in parenchymatous organs. Huge economic losses are connected with acute nature of the disease, increased morbidity and mortality (5%-100%), condemnations of carcasses, decreased egg production and hatchability. Although clinical manifestations and histopathology can provide preliminary diagnosis, the confirmatory diagnosis involves virus isolation and detection using serological and molecular tests. For prophylaxis, both live-attenuated and killed vaccines are being used in broiler and breeder ducks above 2 weeks of age. Since DEV is capable of becoming latent as well as shed intermittently, recombinant subunit and DNA vaccines either alone or in combination (polyvalent) are being targeted for its benign prevention. This review describes DEV, epidemiology, transmission, the disease (DVE), pathogenesis, and advances in diagnosis, vaccination and antiviral agents/therapies along with appropriate prevention and control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuldeep Dhama
- a Division of Pathology , ICAR - Indian Veterinary Research Institute , Izatnagar , India
| | - Naveen Kumar
- b National Center for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-National Research Center on Equines , Hisar , India
| | - Mani Saminathan
- a Division of Pathology , ICAR - Indian Veterinary Research Institute , Izatnagar , India
| | - Ruchi Tiwari
- c Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Sciences , Deen Dayal Upadhayay Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalay Evum Go-Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU) , Mathura , India
| | - Kumaragurubaran Karthik
- d Central University Laboratory , Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University , Chennai , India
| | - M Asok Kumar
- a Division of Pathology , ICAR - Indian Veterinary Research Institute , Izatnagar , India
| | - M Palanivelu
- a Division of Pathology , ICAR - Indian Veterinary Research Institute , Izatnagar , India
| | - Muhammad Zubair Shabbir
- e Quality Operations Laboratory , University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences , Lahore , Pakistan
| | - Yashpal Singh Malik
- f Division of Biological Standardization , ICAR - Indian Veterinary Research Institute , Bareilly , India
| | - Raj Kumar Singh
- g ICAR - Indian Veterinary Research Institute , Izatnagar , India
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Wen Y, Cheng A, Wang M, Ge H, Shen C, Liu S, Xiang J, Jia R, Zhu D, Chen X, Lian B, Chang H, Zhou Y. A Thymidine Kinase recombinant protein-based ELISA for detecting antibodies to Duck Plague Virus. Virol J 2010; 7:77. [PMID: 20416075 PMCID: PMC2879249 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-7-77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2010] [Accepted: 04/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Duck plague virus (DPV) is the causative agent of Duck Plague (DP) that causes significant morbidity and mortality throughout duck-producing areas of the world. The diagnosis of DP currently relies on the use of live or inactivated whole DPV virion as antigens in ELISA, but it is too laborious and expensive for routine application, and it is still difficult to get purified DPV virion with current technology. RESULTS In this study, we describe the expression and purification of a recombinant Thymidine Kinase (TK) protein which makes antigen in an in-house developed, optimized and standardized ELISA. The specificity of the optimized TK-ELISA was evaluated by antisera against Duck Plague Virus (DPV), Duck Hepatitis B Virus (DHBV), Duck Hepatitis Virus (DHV), Riemerella Anatipestifer(R. A), Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Salmonella anatum (S. anatum). Only antisera against DPV yielded a specific and strong signal. In order to determine the sensitivity of the TK-ELISA, a panel of diluted sera was tested, and the minimum detection limit of 1:2560 (OD450 nm = 0.401) was obtained according to the endpoint cut-off (0.2438). The repeatability and reproducibility under the experimental conditions demonstrates a low variability (P > 0.05). The suspected sera samples (n = 30) were determined by TK-ELISA and the positive rate is 90% (27/30), and the TK-ELISA showed 83.33% (22+3/30) coincidence rate with the Serum Neutralization Test (SNT) and 90% (24+3/30) coincidence rate with the whole DPV virion based-ELISA (DPV-ELISA). When defining the dynamics of antibody response to attenuated live DPV vaccine, the maximum antibodies is reached after 4 weeks. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that the TK-ELISA provides high specificity, sensitivity, repeatability and reproducibility for detection of anti-DPV antibodies in duck sera, and has the potential to be much simpler than DPV-ELISA and SNT for the sera epidemiological investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongping Wen
- Avian Diseases Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, China
| | - Anchun Cheng
- Avian Diseases Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, China
- Epizootic Diseases Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, China
| | - Mingshu Wang
- Avian Diseases Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, China
| | - Han Ge
- Avian Diseases Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, China
| | - Chanjuan Shen
- Avian Diseases Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, China
| | - Sitong Liu
- Avian Diseases Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, China
| | - Jun Xiang
- Avian Diseases Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, China
| | - Renyong Jia
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, China
| | - Dekang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, China
| | - Xiaoyue Chen
- Avian Diseases Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, China
- Epizootic Diseases Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, China
| | - Bei Lian
- Avian Diseases Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, China
| | - Hua Chang
- Avian Diseases Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, China
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Chang PC, Hsieh ML, Shien JH, Graham DA, Lee MS, Shieh HK. Complete nucleotide sequence of avian paramyxovirus type 6 isolated from ducks. J Gen Virol 2001; 82:2157-2168. [PMID: 11514725 DOI: 10.1099/0022-1317-82-9-2157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
There are nine serotypes of avian paramyxovirus (APMV). Only the genome of APMV type 1 (APMV-1), also called Newcastle disease virus (NDV), has been completely sequenced. In this study, the complete nucleotide sequence of an APMV-6 serotype isolated from ducks is reported. The 16236 nt genome encodes eight proteins, nucleocapsid protein (NP), phosphoprotein (P), V protein, matrix protein (M), fusion protein (F), small hydrophobic (SH) protein, haemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) protein and large (L) protein, which are flanked by a 55 nt leader sequence and a 54 nt trailer sequence. Sequence comparison reveals that the protein sequences of APMV-6 are most closely related to those of APMV-1 (NDV) and -2, with sequence identities ranging from 22 to 44%. However, APMV-6 contains a gene that might encode the SH protein, which is absent in APMV-1, but present in the rubulaviruses simian virus type 5 and mumps virus. The presence of an SH gene in APMV-6 might provide a link between the evolution of APMV and rubulaviruses. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrates that APMV-6, -1, -2 (only the F and HN sequences were available for analysis) and -4 (only the HN sequences were available for analysis) all cluster into a single lineage that is distinct from other paramyxoviruses. This result suggests that APMV should constitute a new genus within the subfamily Paramyxovirinae.
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Affiliation(s)
- P-C Chang
- Graduate Institute of Veterinary Microbiology1 and Department of Veterinary Medicine2, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - M-L Hsieh
- Graduate Institute of Veterinary Microbiology1 and Department of Veterinary Medicine2, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - J-H Shien
- Graduate Institute of Veterinary Microbiology1 and Department of Veterinary Medicine2, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - D A Graham
- Veterinary Science Division, Department of Agriculture and Rural Development for Northern Ireland, Stoney Road, Stormont, Belfast BT4 3SD, UK2
| | - M-S Lee
- Graduate Institute of Veterinary Microbiology1 and Department of Veterinary Medicine2, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - H K Shieh
- Graduate Institute of Veterinary Microbiology1 and Department of Veterinary Medicine2, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
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