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Virgens M, Siebert M, Bock H, Burin M, Giugliani R, Saraiva-Pereira M. Genotypic characterization of Brazilian patients with infantile and juvenile forms of metachromatic leukodystrophy. Gene 2015; 568:69-75. [PMID: 25965562 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2014] [Revised: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Han M, Jun SH, Lee YJ, Eun BL, Lee SJ, Seong MW, Park SS, Song SH, Park HD, Song J. Biochemical and Genetic Analysis of Seven Korean Individuals With Suspected Metachromatic Leukodystrophy. Ann Lab Med 2015; 35:458-62. [PMID: 26131420 PMCID: PMC4446587 DOI: 10.3343/alm.2015.35.4.458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Revised: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD) is an autosomal recessive disease caused by a deficiency in arylsulfatase A (ARSA). However, decreased ARSA activity is also observed in pseudodeficiency (PD). To distinguish between MLD and PD, we performed gene mutation and sulfatide analyses by using dried blood spots (DBSs) from seven Korean individuals who underwent an analysis of ARSA activity. DNA was extracted from DBSs, and PCR-direct sequencing of ARSA was performed. The cDNA obtained was analyzed to confirm a novel mutation. Of the seven subjects, three were confirmed as having MLD, one was confirmed as having MLD-PD, one was confirmed as having PD, and the remaining two were obligate heterozygotes. We verified the novel pathogenic variant c.1107+1delG by performing familial and cDNA analyses. Sulfatide concentrations in DBSs were analyzed and were quantified by using ultra-performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry, respectively. Total sulfatide concentration was inversely correlated with ARSA activity (Spearman's coefficient of rank correlation, P=0.929, P=0.0025). The results of this mutational and biochemical study on MLD will increase our understanding of the genetic characteristics of MLD in Koreans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minje Han
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. ; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun-Hee Jun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Yun-Jin Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Pusan National University Children's Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Baik-Lin Eun
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Jun Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. ; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Moon-Woo Seong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. ; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Sup Park
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. ; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Hoon Song
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. ; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyung-Doo Park
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Junghan Song
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. ; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
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Raymer KA, Waters RF, Price CR. Proposed multigenic Composite Inheritance in major depression. Med Hypotheses 2005; 65:158-72. [PMID: 15893135 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2004.11.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2004] [Accepted: 11/18/2004] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Various rationale have been considered in the familial inheritance pattern of major depression ranging from simple one-gene Mendelian inheritance to pseudo-additive gene action. We instead predict broad genetic expressivity patterns in the progeny of parents where at least one parent has recurrent major depression. In keeping with this idea, we feel that recurrent major depression could involve an expression imbalance of "normal" genes either exclusively or along with allelic variation(s). The patterns of pathology are theoretically conceptualized as qualitative and quantitative, meaning that expressivity of the genetic pattern in these children may range from minimal to complete even among siblings. Thus, prediction of the particular genetic pattern expressed by a particular child might prove difficult. The complex inheritance pattern that we propose is referred to as Composite Inheritance. Composite Inheritance considers that both the up- and down-regulation of luxury genes and housekeeping genes are involved in this dichotomous qualitative inheritance pattern and also the wide quantitative expressivity. The luxury genes include such genes as those coding for the neurotransmitter transporters and receptors. The housekeeping genes found to date include those that code for proteins involved in gene transcription, secondary signaling systems, fatty acid metabolism and transport, and intracellular calcium homeostasis. Other luxury and housekeeping genes no doubt remain to be discovered. Our current research utilizes an empirical approach involving advanced genomics and specialized pattern recognition mathematics in families having at least one parent with recurrent major depression. The goal of our research is to develop a pattern recognition system of genetic expressivity in major depression to which prevention and early intervention may be tailored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A Raymer
- Southwest College of Naturopathic Medicine and Health Sciences, Research Department, 2140 E. Broadway Road, Tempe, Arizona 85282, USA
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Roussel V, Tardieu S, Micallef J, Blin O. Le test de déplétion en tryptophane : aspects méthodologiques et pratiques. Therapie 2003; 58:295-303. [PMID: 14679667 DOI: 10.2515/therapie:2003046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This paper focuses on the methodology and behavioural results of the tryptophan depletion challenge. METHODS A Medline search (1985-2002) using the keywords 'tryptophan depletion' and 'mood' has been performed. RESULTS Rapid depletion is obtained by morning intake under fasting condition of a tryptophan-free amino-acid mixture. Subjects with a family history of mood disorders and depressed patients receiving serotoninergic drugs demonstrate a mood-lowering effect. However, these effects are limited or absent in normal volunteers and naive depressed patients. CONCLUSION The tryptophan depletion challenge has largely contributed to the understanding of the physiopathology of depression. However, the mood response to acute tryptophan depletion challenge in healthy volunteers is not as sensitive as a 'depression model'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Roussel
- CPCET et Pharmacologie Clinique, FRE 2109 CNRS Université de la Méditerranée, Institut de Neurosciences Physiologiques et Cognitives, Marseille, France
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Bognar SK, Furac I, Kubat M, Cosović C, Demarin V. Croatian population data for arylsulfatase a pseudodeficiency-associated mutations in healthy subjects, and in patients with Alzheimer-type dementia and Down syndrome. Arch Med Res 2002; 33:473-7. [PMID: 12459318 DOI: 10.1016/s0188-4409(02)00392-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arylsulfatase A (ASA) is a lysosomal enzyme involved in catabolism of cerebroside sulfate, whose deficiency causes metachromatic leukodystrophy, a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by storage of cerebroside sulfate, mainly in the nervous system. Low ASA activities have also been reported in healthy individuals and several neuropsychiatric disorders due to the condition termed ASA pseudodeficiency. The aim of this study was to establish frequency of two mutations associated with ASA pseudodeficiency in healthy individuals in the Croatian population as well as in persons with Alzheimer-type dementia and Down syndrome. METHODS Presence of N350S and 1524+95 A-->G pseudodeficiency mutations was detected in genomic DNA extracted from leukocytes of healthy subjects (n = 125) and of patients with Alzheimer-type dementia (n = 18) and Down syndrome (n = 21). Arylsulfatase A activity was measured in leukocyte homogenates by spectrophotometry (lambda = 515 nm) using p-nitrocatechol sulfate as chromogenic substrate. RESULTS Frequency of N350S mutation and mutation 1524+95 A-->G was estimated at 6.8 and 2.8% for healthy controls, 11 and 5.5% for Alzheimer-type dementia, and 12 and 9.5% for Down syndrome, respectively. Arylsulfatase A activity was slightly but not significantly decreased in leukocytes derived from subjects with dementia and Down syndrome in comparison with age-matched control samples. CONCLUSIONS Frequency of two mutations associated with ASA pseudodeficiency in the Croatian population is slightly below the range reported for other populations. Additionally, despite the proposed role of arylsulfatase A pseudodeficiency as one of the predisposing factors for neuropsychiatric disorders, our preliminary results did not show significantly higher frequencies of either mutation in Alzheimer-type dementia or Down syndrome.
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Chung IW, Kim H, Lee SI, Hong JB, Kim YD, Nan HM, Sribney W, Kim YS, Manowitz P. Evidence for an N-glycosylation polymorphism of arylsulfatase a predisposing to alcoholism in Koreans. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 2002; 114:186-9. [PMID: 11857580 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.10157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the possible effect of the pseudodeficient N-glycosylation polymorphism of the arylsulfatase A (ASA) gene on alcohol dependence among Koreans. Alcoholic patients (N=123) were more likely than control subjects to be heterozygous or homozygous for the ASA pseudodeficient N-glycosylation site (36% of alcoholics versus 20% of controls; P<0.01). Among these 123 alcoholic patients, 42 alcoholics were heterozygous and two were homozygous for the ASA pseudodeficient N-glycosylation polymorphism. This result provides evidence that the ASA pseudodeficient N-glycosylation site allele increases the risk of alcohol dependence within a Korean population.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Won Chung
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk, Korea.
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