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Silva MS, De Souza DV, Alpire MES, Malinverni ACDM, Da Silva RCB, Viana MDB, Oshima CTF, Ribeiro DA. Dimethoate induces genotoxicity as a result of oxidative stress: in vivo and in vitro studies. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:43274-43286. [PMID: 34189686 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15090-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Dimethoate ([O,O-dimethyl S-(N-methylcarbamoylmethyl) phosphorodithioate]) is an organophosphate insecticide and acaricide widely used for agricultural purposes. Genotoxicity refers to the ability of a chemical agent interact directly to DNA or act indirectly leading to DNA damage by affecting spindle apparatus or enzymes involved in DNA replication, thereby causing mutations. Taking into consideration the importance of genotoxicity induced by dimethoate, the purpose of this manuscript was to provide a mini review regarding genotoxicity induced by dimethoate as a result of oxidative stress. The present study was conducted on studies available in MEDLINE, PUBMED, EMBASE, and Google scholar for all kind of articles (all publications published until May, 2020) using the following key words: dimethoate, omethoate, DNA damage, genetic damage, oxidative stress, genotoxicity, mutation, and mutagenicity. The results showed that many studies were published in the scientific literature; the approach was clearly demonstrated in multiple tissues and organs, but few papers were designed in humans. In summary, new studies within the field are important for better understanding the pathobiological events of genotoxicity on human cells, particularly to explain what cells and/or tissues are more sensitive to genotoxic insult induced by dimethoate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Souza Silva
- Institute of Heath and Society, Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo, UNIFESP, Rua Silva Jardim, 136, Room 332, Vila Mathias, Santos, SP, 11050-020, Brazil
| | - Daniel Vitor De Souza
- Institute of Heath and Society, Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo, UNIFESP, Rua Silva Jardim, 136, Room 332, Vila Mathias, Santos, SP, 11050-020, Brazil
| | - Maria Esther Suarez Alpire
- Institute of Heath and Society, Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo, UNIFESP, Rua Silva Jardim, 136, Room 332, Vila Mathias, Santos, SP, 11050-020, Brazil
| | - Andrea Cristina De Moraes Malinverni
- Institute of Heath and Society, Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo, UNIFESP, Rua Silva Jardim, 136, Room 332, Vila Mathias, Santos, SP, 11050-020, Brazil
| | - Regina Claudia Barbosa Da Silva
- Institute of Heath and Society, Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo, UNIFESP, Rua Silva Jardim, 136, Room 332, Vila Mathias, Santos, SP, 11050-020, Brazil
| | - Milena De Barros Viana
- Institute of Heath and Society, Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo, UNIFESP, Rua Silva Jardim, 136, Room 332, Vila Mathias, Santos, SP, 11050-020, Brazil
| | - Celina Tizuko Fujiyama Oshima
- Institute of Heath and Society, Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo, UNIFESP, Rua Silva Jardim, 136, Room 332, Vila Mathias, Santos, SP, 11050-020, Brazil
| | - Daniel Araki Ribeiro
- Institute of Heath and Society, Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo, UNIFESP, Rua Silva Jardim, 136, Room 332, Vila Mathias, Santos, SP, 11050-020, Brazil.
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Giri S, Prasad SB, Giri A, Sharma GD. Genotoxic effects of malathion: an organophosphorus insecticide, using three mammalian bioassays in vivo. Mutat Res 2002; 514:223-31. [PMID: 11815260 DOI: 10.1016/s1383-5718(01)00341-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The genotoxic effects of malathion was evaluated using chromosome aberration, sister chromatid exchange (SCE) and sperm abnormality assays in mice. All the three acute doses (2.5, 5 and 10mg/kg) of malathion tested in the present study, induced significant dose-dependent increase in the frequency of chromosome aberrations and sperm abnormalities, but did not affect the total sperm count. The highest acute dose induced a >12-fold increase in the frequency of chromosome aberrations, two-fold increase in the frequency of SCEs and four-fold increase in the frequency of sperms with abnormal head morphology following intraperitoneal (i.p.) exposure. Further, a significant increase in the frequency of SCEs was observed, but the increase was not dose-dependent. At higher doses, malathion induced a moderate delay in cell cycle as evident from the increase in average generation time (AGT). The present findings suggest that technical grade malathion is a potent genotoxic agent and may be regarded as a potential germ cell mutagen also.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Giri
- Genetic Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Life Science, Assam University, P.O. Box 11, 788011, Silchar, India.
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Osaba L, Aguirre A, Alonso A, Graf U. Genotoxicity testing of six insecticides in two crosses of the Drosophila wing spot test. Mutat Res 1999; 439:49-61. [PMID: 10029675 DOI: 10.1016/s1383-5718(98)00173-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Among the great variety of genotoxicity assays available, the wing spot test in Drosophila melanogaster has some characteristics that make it very suited for the screening of genotoxic activity, i.e., it is an easy and inexpensive assay using a eukaryotic organism in vivo. One of the most interesting characteristics of the assay is its capacity to detect genotoxic activity of promutagens without the necessity of an exogenous metabolic activation system. In this paper we present results obtained with a recently developed high bioactivation cross of the wing spot test (NORR cross). The positive results obtained with the five well-known procarcinogens 7, 12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene, N-nitrosopyrrolidine, p-dimethylaminoazobenzene, diethylnitrosamine and urethane clearly show that the NORR strains are similar to the other high bioactivation strains previously described, but they lack their methodological disadvantages. We have tested six insecticides, which are characterised by having contradictory results in other genotoxicity tests, using both the standard and the high bioactivation (NORR) cross. The six insecticides analysed are the pyrethroid allethrin, the methylenedioxyphenolic compound piperonyl butoxide, the chlorinated hydrocarbons dieldrin and endrin, and the organophosphates dimethoate and malathion. We obtained negative results for all six compounds. Our results show the suitability of the wing spot test for the evaluation of compounds at the first level of genotoxicity testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Osaba
- Department of Animal Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Basque Country, E-48080, Bilbao, Spain
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Abstract
Sumithion, a broad-spectrum insecticide, was tested for its mutagenicity in the Drosophila wing-spot test and sex-linked recessive lethal test. Strains carrying the recessive mutant markers mwh and flr3 in their third chromosomes, expressed phenotypically as multiple trichomes or thickened and misshapen wing hairs in the adult wings, were used in the wing-spot test. Larvae transheterozygous for these markers were exposed to the insecticide in instant food and the sex-linked recessive lethal test was performed by the standard technique using the Basc strain. The compound is mutagenic in the wing primordial cells and induces recombination at high doses. Further, the frequency of induction of sex-linked recessive lethals is significant only at high treatment doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- N K Tripathy
- Department of Zoology, Berhampur University, Orissa, India
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Xamena N, Egido A, Velázquez A, Creus A, Marcos R. Additional data in support of the quadruplicated white-ivory reversion system to test for somatic genotoxicity in Drosophila melanogaster. Mutat Res 1991; 252:305-12. [PMID: 1646957 DOI: 10.1016/0165-1161(91)90010-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Cyclophosphamide, ethyl methanesulfonate, propyleneimine and tritiated water were tested in a new short-term somatic mutation bioassay, previously described by Green and coworkers (1986), to evaluate the suitability of the quadruplicated white-ivory system of Drosophila melanogaster for genotoxicity testing of chemicals. A 2.9-kb tandemly duplicated sequence of w+ within a w+ gene is responsible for the white-ivory phenotype. Reversion of wi to w+ is, in general, associated with the loss of the appended 2.9 kb or other alterations affecting this duplicated region. The appearance of light (white or nearly white) phenotypes could be due to the loss of some wi copies. Thus, in the eyes of adult males resulting from treated larvae, we can detect 2 types of sectors (red and light) on the orange-yellow background. Our results indicate that the genetic system used in this somatic assay is sensitive to the genotoxic effects of the 4 compounds tested. All 4 compounds tested were positive. Tritiated water had weak effects, cyclophosphamide was characterized by small revertant clones and ethyl methanesulfonate and propyleneimine by large clone size. From the available data, we feel that the wi system can be considered of potential value for genotoxicity testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Xamena
- Department de Genética i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Spain
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