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Bhuiya A, Yasmin S, Shaikh MAA, Mustafa MG, Kabir MH. Method development of multi pesticide residue analysis in country beans collected from Dhaka, Bangladesh, and their dietary risk assessment. Food Chem 2024; 445:138741. [PMID: 38364498 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to develop a modified QuEChERS method coupled with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for the simultaneous determination of five multi-class pesticides in country beans collected from Dhaka, Bangladesh. Pesticides were extracted using ACN, and to minimize the co-extraction matrix, optimized d-SPE cleanup was done using sorbents (GCB, PSA, and C18). In the calibration range, the method showed excellent linearity with a correlation coefficient of R2 ≥ 0.9990 both in solvent- and matrix-matched calibration. For the selected pesticides, average recoveries (at four spiking levels (n = 5) of 10, 20, 100, and 200 µg/kg) of 70-100 % were achieved with relative standard deviations (RSDs) ≤ 9.5 %. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) ranged from 0.3333 to 1.3333 μg/kg and 1.0 to 4.0 μg/kg, respectively. The dietary risk assessment, in terms of hazard quotient (HQ), was calculated to assess consumers' health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananya Bhuiya
- Institute of National Analytical Research and Service (INARS), Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dr. Kudrat-i-Khuda Road, Dhanmondi, Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh; Department of Oceanography, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Sabina Yasmin
- Institute of National Analytical Research and Service (INARS), Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dr. Kudrat-i-Khuda Road, Dhanmondi, Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh.
| | - Md Aftab Ali Shaikh
- Institute of National Analytical Research and Service (INARS), Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dr. Kudrat-i-Khuda Road, Dhanmondi, Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh; Department of Chemistry, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - M Golam Mustafa
- Department of Oceanography, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Md Humayun Kabir
- Institute of National Analytical Research and Service (INARS), Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dr. Kudrat-i-Khuda Road, Dhanmondi, Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh.
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Qayoom I, Balkhi M, Mukhtar M, Abubakr A, Siddiqui U, Khan S, Sherwani A, Jan I, Sayyed R, Mastinu A. Assessing organophosphate insecticide retention in muscle tissues of juvenile common carp fish under acute toxicity tests. Toxicol Rep 2024; 12:253-259. [PMID: 38379553 PMCID: PMC10877174 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2024.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Organophosphate insecticide spray poses potential threat of contamination of environmental components their accumulation in aquatic organisms. Although various physiological deficits associated with their exposure in fishes are documented, yet their retention in their edible muscle tissues has been poorly studied. In this context, the study was undertaken to ascertain the bioaccumulation of two organophosphate insecticide compounds (dimethoate and chlorpyrifos) in the muscles of juvenile Cyprinus carpio. The study could provide insight into the risks to human health associated with consuming contaminated fish flesh. The fishes exposed to various concentrations of dimethoate and chlorpyrifos in-vivo for 96 to ascertain the uptake and retention of these insecticides in the muscle. Results indicated that fish muscles accumulated the residues at all the concentrations with the recovery of 2.99% (0.032 ppm) of dimethoate exposed to LC50 concentrations. In contrast, the chlorpyrifos residues were found Below the Detection Level (BDL) in the fishes exposed to LC50 concentrations. The percentage bioaccumulation of dimethoate in fish muscle was 88.10%, and that of chlorpyrifos was BDL. The bio-concentration factor was dose-dependent and increased with increasing doses of both insecticides. The study invites attention to human health risk assessment in the regions where contaminated fish are consumed without scientific supervision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imtiyaz Qayoom
- Division of AEM, Faculty of Fisheries, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir (SKUAST-K), Rangil Ganderbal, Jammu and Kashmir 191201, India
| | - Masood Balkhi
- Division of AEM, Faculty of Fisheries, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir (SKUAST-K), Rangil Ganderbal, Jammu and Kashmir 191201, India
| | - Malik Mukhtar
- Division of Entomology, Faculty of Horticulture, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Shalimar, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 190025, India
| | - Adnan Abubakr
- Division of AEM, Faculty of Fisheries, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir (SKUAST-K), Rangil Ganderbal, Jammu and Kashmir 191201, India
| | - Uzma Siddiqui
- Department Zoology, DSB-Campus Kumaun University, Nainital 263001, India
| | - Sameena Khan
- Division of AEM, Faculty of Fisheries, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir (SKUAST-K), Rangil Ganderbal, Jammu and Kashmir 191201, India
| | - Asma Sherwani
- Division of Entomology, Faculty of Horticulture, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Shalimar, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 190025, India
| | - Ishrat Jan
- Research Centre for Residue and Quality Analysis, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology (SKUAST-K), Shalimar Campus, Srinagar 190025, India
| | - Riyazali Sayyed
- Department of Microbiology, PSGVP Mandal’s S I Arts, G B Patel Science and STKV Sangh Commerce College, Shahada 425409, India
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, INTI International University, 71800 Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Andrea Mastinu
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Division of Pharmacology, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
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Swain BB, Mishra S, Samal S, Adak T, Mohapatra PK, Ayyamperumal R. Chlorpyrifos enrichment enhances tolerance of Anabaena sp. PCC 7119 to dimethoate. Environ Res 2024; 249:118310. [PMID: 38331154 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Organophosphorus (OP) insecticides are widely used for on-field pest control, constituting about 38% of global pesticide consumption. Insecticide tolerance has been recorded in microorganisms isolated from the contaminated soil. However, the cross-tolerance of laboratory-enriched cultures remains poorly understood. A chlorpyrifos tolerant (T) strain of Anabaena sp. PCC 7119 was developed through continuous enrichment of the wild strain (W). The cross-tolerance of the T strain to the OP insecticide dimethoate was assessed by measuring photosynthetic performance, key enzyme activities and degradation potential. The presence of dimethoate led to a significant reduction in the growth and pigment content of the W strain. In contrast, the T strain demonstrated improved growth and metabolic performance. Chl a and carotenoids were degraded faster than phycobiliproteins in both strains. The T strain exhibited superior photosynthetic performance, metabolic efficiency and photosystem functions, than of W strain, at both the tested dimethoate concentrations (100 and 200 μM). The treated T strain had more or less a normal OJIP fluorescence transient and bioenergetic functions, while the W strain showed a greater fluorescence rise at ≤ 300 μs indicating the inhibition of electron donation to PS II, and at 2 ms due to reduced electron release beyond QA. The T strain had significantly higher levels of esterase and phosphatases, further enhanced by insecticide treatment. Dimethoate degradation efficiency of the T strain was significantly higher than of the W strain. T strain also removed chlorpyrifos more efficiently than W strain at both the tested concentrations. The BCFs of both chlorpyrifos and dimethoate were lower in the T strain compared to the W strain. These findings suggest that the enriched strain exhibits promising results in withstanding dimethoate toxicity and could be explored for its potential as a bioremediating organism for OP degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Subhashree Samal
- Department of Botany, Ravenshaw University, Cuttack, 753003, India.
| | - Totan Adak
- Crop Protection Division, ICAR- National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, 753006, India.
| | | | - Ramamoorthy Ayyamperumal
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China; SIMATS Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamilnadu, 600077, India.
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Tian Y, Majid A, Zhang Y, Tan L, Li H, Wang N, Wang J. Preparation of surface molecularly imprinted polymers with Fe 3O 4/ZIF-8 as carrier for detection of Dimethoate in cabbage. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1722:464859. [PMID: 38604056 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.464859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
In this study, molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) were prepared for the specific recognition of organophosphorus pesticides and a rapid, efficient and simple method was established for the detection of dimethoate (DIT) in food samples. Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles were synthesized by co-precipitation, and Fe3O4/ZIF-8 complexes were prepared by a modified in-situ polymerization method, and then magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers (MMIPs) were prepared and synthetic route was optimized by applying density functional theory (DFT). The morphological characterization showed that the MMIPs were coarse porous spheres with an average particle size of 50 nm. The synthesized materials are highly selective for the organophosphorus pesticide dimethoate with an adsorption capacity of 461.50 mg·g-1 and are effective resistance to matrix effects. A novel method for the determination of DIT in cabbage was developed using the prepared MMIPs in combination with HPLC. The practical results showed that the method can meet the requirements for the determination of DIT in cabbage with recoveries of 85.6-121.1 % and detection limits of 0.033 μg·kg-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbo Tian
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Abdul Majid
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Yuewei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Liju Tan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China.
| | - Huiru Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Na Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Jiangtao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China.
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Li Y, Yu Y, Zhang L, Li Y, Gou M. Integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses reveal the toxic effects of dimethoate on green vegetable soya bean seedlings. Gene 2024; 891:147799. [PMID: 37739194 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
The insecticide dimethoate, an organophosphate, has been used on crops, soybeans, fruits, and vegetables since the 1960s and is considered one of the most widely used pesticides. However, the understanding of the molecular mechanisms of dimethoate in crops, especially crop seedlings, is still limited. The green vegetable soya bean (Glycine max merr) is usually used as a vegetable-like fruit of soybean in many Asian countries. This study aimed to analyze the effect of dimethoate on the growth of green vegetable soya bean seedlings at the metabolic and transcriptional levels. An integrated analysis of the transcriptome and metabolome was performed to determine the responses of green vegetable soya bean seedlings to different concentrations (D1 for low dose, D2 for high dose and C for control) of dimethoate. In omics analyses, 4156 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 1935 differentially abundant metabolites (DAMs) were identified in the D1/C comparison, and 11,162 DEGs and 819 DAMs were identified in D2/C. Correlation analyses revealed dimethoate affected the metabolic pathways of green vegetable soya beans such as the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites and microbial metabolism in diverse environmental pathways, demonstrating that even small doses of dimethoate can affect green vegetable soya bean seedlings in a short period of time. Our study further enriches our understanding of the molecular mechanisms by which green vegetable soya beans are treated with dimethoate and provides a deeper understanding of the effects of dimethoate on crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yitong Li
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China
| | - Yang Yu
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China; Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116001, China
| | - Linqing Zhang
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an 223003, China
| | - Yongfeng Li
- Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Meng Gou
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China.
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Belhassen D, Bejaoui S, Martins R, Perina F, Figueiredo J, Ben Abdallah B, Khila Z, Boubaker S, Ben Fayala C, Trabelsi M, Soudani N. Alteration of redox status and fatty acid profile in gills from the green crab (Carcinus aestuarii) following dimethoate exposure. Pestic Biochem Physiol 2023; 197:105699. [PMID: 38072554 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Dimethoate is a broad-spectrum organophosphate insecticide and acaricide. Through various pathways, such as runoff and drift, dimethoate can reach marine environment, and easily impact common organisms in coastal areas, close to agriculture lands, namely crustaceans. The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential effects of dimethoate exposure (50, 100, and 200 μg/l), for 1 day, on a wide range of markers of oxidative stress and neurotransmission impairment, as well as fatty acids composition and histopathological aspect in the gills of the green crab Carcinus aestuarii. A significant increase in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids series, namely the eicosapentaenoic acid (C20: 5n3) and its precursor alpha-linolenic acid (C 18: 3n3) in dimethoate-treated crabs was recorded. Concerning n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, we noted a high reduction in arachidonic acid (C20:4n-6) levels. Dimethoate exposure increased the levels of hydrogen peroxide, malondialdehyde, lipid hydroperoxides, protein carbonyl, and caused the advanced oxidation of protein products along with enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant-related markers. Acetylcholinesterase activity was highly inhibited following exposure to dimethoate in a concentration-dependent manner. Finally, deleterious histopathological changes with several abnormalities were noted in exposed animals confirming our biochemical findings. The present study offered unique insights to establish a relationship between redox status and alterations in fatty acid composition, allowing a better understanding of dimethoate-triggered toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalya Belhassen
- Laboratory of Ecology, Biology and Physiology of Aquatic Organisms, Department of Biology, Tunis Faculty of Sciences, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 2092, Tunisia.
| | - Safa Bejaoui
- Laboratory of Ecology, Biology and Physiology of Aquatic Organisms, Department of Biology, Tunis Faculty of Sciences, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 2092, Tunisia
| | - Roberto Martins
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Fernando Perina
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Joana Figueiredo
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Boutheina Ben Abdallah
- Laboratory of Ecology, Biology and Physiology of Aquatic Organisms, Department of Biology, Tunis Faculty of Sciences, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 2092, Tunisia
| | - Zeineb Khila
- Laboratory of Ecology, Biology and Physiology of Aquatic Organisms, Department of Biology, Tunis Faculty of Sciences, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 2092, Tunisia; Interdisciplinary Laboratory for Continental Environments, UMR 7360 LIEC CNRS University of Lorraine, Metz 57070, France
| | - Samir Boubaker
- Pasteur Institute of Tunis, Department of Human and Experimental Anatomy Pathology, 13, place Pasteur, B.P. 74 Tunis, Belvedere 1002, Tunisia
| | - Chayma Ben Fayala
- Pasteur Institute of Tunis, Department of Human and Experimental Anatomy Pathology, 13, place Pasteur, B.P. 74 Tunis, Belvedere 1002, Tunisia
| | - Monia Trabelsi
- Laboratory of Ecology, Biology and Physiology of Aquatic Organisms, Department of Biology, Tunis Faculty of Sciences, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 2092, Tunisia
| | - Nejla Soudani
- Laboratory of Ecology, Biology and Physiology of Aquatic Organisms, Department of Biology, Tunis Faculty of Sciences, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 2092, Tunisia
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Azpiazu C, Hinarejos S, Sancho G, Albacete S, Sgolastra F, Martins CAH, Domene X, Benrezkallah J, Rodrigo A, Arnan X, Bosch J. Description and validation of an improved method to feed solitary bees (Osmia spp.) known amounts of pesticides. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2023; 264:115398. [PMID: 37634482 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Pesticide exposure is an important driver of bee declines. Laboratory toxicity tests provide baseline information on the potential effects of pesticides on bees, but current risk assessment schemes rely on one species, the highly social honey bee, Apis mellifera, and there is uncertainty regarding the extent to which this species is a suitable surrogate for other pollinators. For this reason, Osmia cornuta and Osmia bicornis have been proposed as model solitary bee species in the EU risk assessment scheme. The use of solitary bees in risk assessment requires the development of new methodologies adjusted to the biology of these species. For example, oral dosing methods used with honey bees cannot be readily applied to solitary bees due to differences in feeding behaviour and social interactions. In this study, we describe the "petal method", a laboratory feeding method, and validate its use in acute and chronic exposure oral tests with Osmia spp. We conducted five experiments in which we compared the performance of several artificial flowers combining visual and olfactory cues against the petal method, or in which variations of the petal method were confronted. We then use the results of these experiments to optimize the feeding arenas and propose standardized methods for both acute and chronic exposure tests. The petal method provides high levels of feeding success, thus reducing the number of bees needed. It works with a wide variety of petal species and with both female and male Osmia spp., thus ensuring reproducibility across studies. To validate the use of the petal method in ecotoxicology tests, we assess the toxicity of a standard reference insecticide, dimethoate, in O. cornuta adults and determine LD50 values for this species. The petal method should facilitate the inclusion of solitary bees in risk assessment schemes therefore increasing the protection coverage of pesticide regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Azpiazu
- CREAF (Centre for Ecological Research and Forestry Applications), 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC, Universitat Pompeu Fabra), 08034 Barcelona, Spain; Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - S Hinarejos
- Sumitomo Chemical, Saint Didier au Mont d'Or, France
| | - G Sancho
- CREAF (Centre for Ecological Research and Forestry Applications), 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - S Albacete
- CREAF (Centre for Ecological Research and Forestry Applications), 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - F Sgolastra
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-Alimentari, Università di Bologna, viale Fanin 42, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - C A H Martins
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-Alimentari, Università di Bologna, viale Fanin 42, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - X Domene
- CREAF (Centre for Ecological Research and Forestry Applications), 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - J Benrezkallah
- Laboratory of Zoology, Institute for Biosciences, University of Mons, Place du Parc, 20, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - A Rodrigo
- CREAF (Centre for Ecological Research and Forestry Applications), 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - X Arnan
- Universidade de Pernambuco - Campus Garanhuns, Rua Capitão Pedro Rodrigues, 105-São José, Garanhuns 55294-902, Brazil
| | - J Bosch
- CREAF (Centre for Ecological Research and Forestry Applications), 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
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Thompson H, Cione A, Santos G. Short communication: Is there a difference in the sensitivity of Africanised and European honeybees to thiamethoxam or dimethoate? Environ Pollut 2023; 334:122230. [PMID: 37479172 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
The similarity of sensitivity of adult Africanised and European honeybees following acute oral exposure to thiamethoxam has been questioned. Data collated from adult acute contact and oral toxicity testing of a range of thiamethoxam containing products (solo and mixtures) shows that the toxicity of these products to Africanised honeybees can be directly predicted from the toxicity of the active substances to European honeybees. Similarly, the acute contact and oral toxicity of dimethoate to Africanised bees lies within the same range as European honeybees. There are no major differences in the sensitivity of Africanised and European honeybee individuals to thiamethoxam and dimethoate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Thompson
- Syngenta, Jealott's Hill International Research Station, Bracknell, UK.
| | - Ana Cione
- Syngenta Proteçao de Cultivos Ltda, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Sasi SM, Alghoul NM, Awayn N, Elghoul A, Prastiya RA. Sperm abnormality and infertility in male mice treated with the recommended dose of dimethoate and its double. Open Vet J 2023; 13:873-878. [PMID: 37614725 PMCID: PMC10443817 DOI: 10.5455/ovj.2023.v13.i7.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Dimethoate (DM) is one of the most important organophosphate insecticides used for controlling many pests which affect vegetables, fruits, and agricultural crops, its persistence in soils and crops could cause a health hazard to humans as well as other non-target organisms. Aim This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of the recommended dose and its double of DM on sex hormones, sperm morphology, and fertility of adult male mice. Methods Twenty-seven Swiss albino adult male mice were divided into three groups of nine animals each: control group received distilled water only, while other groups received DM orally at doses (0.1 and 0.2 ml DM/100 ml distilled water) for 20 days, at the end of the treatment, six mice from each group were sacrificed. The sperm morphology was evaluated and sex hormones were measured. Three mice from each group were allowed to mate with untreated females (1:2). Result The results revealed a decrease in luteinizing hormone levels in mice treated with (0.2 ml DM/100 ml distilled water) compared with the control group while the levels of follicle-stimulating hormone and testosterone did not record any significant differences. Also, the results demonstrated a significant increase in abnormal sperm morphology such as head and tail. The fertility was reduced and the average number of dead embryos increased while the average number of live embryos decreased. Conclusion This current study confirmed that DM has detrimental effects on sperm morphology, fertility, and the embryos; therefore, more efforts should be exerted to protect ourselves and our environment from the harmful effects of this pesticide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Musa Sasi
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya
| | - Nagia Musa Alghoul
- Cell and Tissue Culture Department, Biotechnology Center, Tripoli, Libya
| | - Nuri Awayn
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya
| | - Ahmed Elghoul
- Chemistry Department, Ministry of Interior, Tripoli, Libya
| | - Ragil Angga Prastiya
- Department of Reproduction, School of Health and Life Sciences, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
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Nallani G, Chandrasekaran A, Kassahun K, Shen L, Reiss R, Whatling P. Determination of enzymatic kinetics of metabolism of dimethoate and omethoate in rats and humans. Xenobiotica 2023:1-28. [PMID: 37347282 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2023.2228904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
1. Dimethoate is an organophosphate insecticide. The objective of this work was to determine the enzymatic kinetics of metabolism of dimethoate and its active metabolite omethoate in rats and humans and obtain key input parameters for physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model.2. First, the intrinsic clearance of dimethoate expressed as formation rate of omethoate was determined to be ∼42-fold lower in human liver microsomes (HLM) (0.39 µL/min/mg) than in rat liver microsomes (RLM) (16.6 µL/min/mg) by an LC/MS/MS method. Next, dimethoate clearance in liver microsomes was determined using parent depletion and total [14C]-metabolite formation methods. Results from both approaches showed slower clearance of dimethoate in HLM (1.1-3.3 µL/min/mg) than in RLM (12.7-17.4 µL/min/mg).3. Investigation of in vitro enzymatic kinetics of omethoate demonstrated that the intrinsic clearance rates for omethoate in adult and juvenile RLM and HLM were similar. No significant turnover of dimethoate was apparent in rat cytosol or plasma. In contrast, degradation of omethoate in human plasma was slightly higher than in rat plasma.4. Finally, toxicokinetics of dimethoate were determined in adult and juvenile rats. In both age groups, following oral dosing, absorption of dimethoate was rapid with formation of significant amounts of omethoate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kelem Kassahun
- Frontage Laboratories Inc., 700 Pennsylvania Dr, Exton, PA, 19341, USA
| | - Li Shen
- Frontage Laboratories Inc., 700 Pennsylvania Dr, Exton, PA, 19341, USA
| | - Rick Reiss
- Exponent, 1800 Diagonal Rd, Suite 500, Alexandria, VA, 22314, USA
| | - Paul Whatling
- FMC Corporation, 2929 Walnut St, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
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11
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Qiu L, Zong X, Yuan R, Zhou B, Chen H, Zhang J. Preparation of wavy three-dimensional graphene-like biochar and its adsorption mechanism of embedded separation for dimethoate. J Hazard Mater 2023; 458:131893. [PMID: 37354717 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
In this study, graphene-like biochar (IZBC) was prepared by pyrolysis of wheat straw in the presence of catalyst and activator. The formation of graphene in IZBC could be divided into three stages: shell core generation, carburization, and carbon precipitation. When the pyrolysis temperatures were in the ranges of 500-600 ℃, 600-700 ℃, 700-800 ℃ and 800-900 ℃, 17%, 32%, 13% and 38% of graphene were produced, respectively. The contribution ratios of graphene by FeCl3, ZnCl2 and HCl were 64%, 23% and 13%, respectively. Moreover, IZBC was filled with porous wavy three-dimensional graphene nanosheets that enabled self-aggregation to be effectively prevented, which was superior to the striped two-dimensional structure. The adsorption of IZBC for dimethoate was a spontaneous exothermic reaction with the adsorption capacity of 980 μmol/g, which was consistent with the pseudo-second-order and intraparticle diffusion models. The adsorption was inhibited by coexisting cations, anions, and humic acid in water. Dimethoate was adsorbed on graphene through embedded separation, with pore filling, cation-π and electrostatic attraction as the key driving forces. In addition, the adsorbed saturated IZBC could be effectively regenerated for many times by 2 mol/L HCl solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijia Qiu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xufang Zong
- Qinhuangdao Qingchen Environmental Testing Technology Co., Ltd., Economic and Technological Development Zone, Qinhuangdao 066000, China
| | - Rongfang Yuan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Beihai Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Huilun Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jia Zhang
- Henan Branch of Beijing Zhongjiao Hongyi Environmental Protection Engineering Co., Ltd., Zhengdong New District, Zhengzhou 450046, China
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12
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Reiss R, Loccisano A, Deines A, Kim M, Nallani G, Chandrasekaran A, Whatling P. A physiologically-based pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PBPK/PD) model for the insecticide dimethoate. Xenobiotica 2023; 53:382-395. [PMID: 37706283 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2023.2258507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
1. Dimethoate is an organophosphate insecticide that is converted in vivo to omethoate, the active toxic moiety. Omethoate inhibits acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in the brain and red blood cells (RBCs). This paper describes the development of rat and human physiologically-based pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PBPK/PD) models for dimethoate.2. The model simulates the absorption and distribution of dimethoate and omethoate, the conversion of dimethoate to omethoate and to other metabolites, the metabolism and excretion of omethoate, and the inhibition of RBC and brain AChE. An extensive data collection program to estimate metabolism and inhibition parameters is described.3. The suite of models includes an adult rat, post-natal rat, and human model. The rat models were evaluated by comparing model predictions of dimethoate and omethoate to measured blood time course data, and with RBC and brain AChE inhibition estimates from an extensive database of in vivo AChE measurements.4. After the demonstration of adequately fitted rat models that were robust to sensitivity analysis, the human model was applied for estimation of points-of-departure (PODs) for risk assessment using the human-specific parameters in the human PBPK/PD model. Thus, the standard interspecies uncertainty factor can be reduced from 10X to 1X.
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13
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Reddy BKK, Bhuvaneswari K, Geetha P, Thamilarasi N, Suganthi A, Paramasivam M. Effect of decontamination and processing on insecticide residues in grape (Muscat Hamburg). Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:75790-75804. [PMID: 35661308 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21165-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Field and laboratory experiments were conducted to study the effect of simple decontamination methods and processing on imidacloprid, dimethoate, and emamectin benzoate residues in grapes and their processed products by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Among the decontamination methods evaluated, washing with NaCl (2%) solution was effective for reducing imidacloprid (77.55%), dimethoate (83.27%), and emamectin benzoate (77.28%) residues in mature grapes. No metabolites (omethoate and 6-chloronicotinic acid) were detected in both decontamination and processing studies. The grapes were processed into various products, including fresh juice, squash, and raisin, following the standard effective steps for each product. Washing with NaCl (2%) solution for decontamination was included as an additional step in the standard protocol and resulted in substantial removal of surface residues of the selected insecticides. The processing factor calculated was less than one for all the products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Padmanaban Geetha
- Department of Food Processing, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India
| | - Natarajan Thamilarasi
- Department of Agricultural Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India
| | - Angappan Suganthi
- Department of Agricultural Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India
| | - Mariappan Paramasivam
- Department of Agricultural Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India
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14
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Pandey JK, Dubey G, Gopal R. Prolonged Use of Insecticide Dimethoate Inhibits Growth and Photosynthetic Activity of Wheat Seedlings: A Study by Laser-Induced Chlorophyll Fluorescence Spectroscopy. J Fluoresc 2022. [PMID: 35970986 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-022-03010-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
This paper is an extension of the work published in Journal of Fluorescence (2011) 21: 785-791. In the previous work, we studied the effect of dimethoate (50, 100 and 200 ppm) on growth and photosynthetic activity of wheat seedlings after 10 days of dimethoate treatment. In the present study, new measurement conditions (dimethoate concentration: 25 ppm, treatment period: 20 days and 30 days) were used in addition to those used in the past work. Various plant growth parameters, photosynthetic pigment content, laser-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (LICF) spectra and fluorescence induction kinetics (FIK) curves were recorded after 10, 20 and 30 days of dimethoate treatments. LICF spectra were recorded in the region of 650-780 nm using violet diode laser (405 nm). FIK curves were recorded at 685 nm using red diode laser (635 nm). Fluorescence intensity ratio (FIR) of two fluorescence peaks around 685 and 730 nm, and variable chlorophyll fluorescence decrease ratio (Rfd) were determined from LICF spectra and FIK curves respectively. Curve-fitted parameters of LICF spectra were used for determination of FIR (F685/F730). The effect of treatment of the insecticide dimethoate on growth and photosynthetic activity of wheat seedlings was examined by using these parameters as well as the past work. In 10-days treatment, 25 and 50 ppm dimethoate showed stimulatory effect with better stimulation being observed at 25 ppm. All studied concentrations higher than 50 ppm exhibited inhibitory effect on wheat seedlings. In case of dimethoate treatment studied for longer durations (more than 10 days), all concentrations showed inhibitory effect. Lower doses which showed some positive response for short time duration become toxic with the extension of treatment periods. Thus, this study clearly confirms the toxic effect of dimethoate on wheat plants.
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15
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McLaughlin QR, Gunderson MP. Effects of selenium treatment on endogenous antioxidant capacity in signal crayfish (Pacifastacus leniusculus). Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 256:109324. [PMID: 35248758 PMCID: PMC9055979 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2022.109324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Selenium is an essential element that plays a role in numerous physiological processes and is critical for the maintenance of a strong endogenous antioxidant system. Previous work by our research group reported that the organophosphate pesticide dimethoate decreased glutathione S-transferase activity (GST) in signal crayfish (Pacifastacus leniusculus) collected from the Boise River (Idaho, USA). The goals of this study were to examine whether: 1) sodium selenite modulated the endogenous antioxidants glutathione (GSH), metallothionein (MT), and glutathione S-transferase (GST), thus suggesting a mechanism of antioxidant activity, 2) dimethoate exposure (pro-oxidant stressor) decreased GST activity in a localized population of signal crayfish collected from the Snake River (Idaho, USA), and 3) investigate whether selenium cotreatment ameliorated the adverse effects of dimethoate on GST activity due to the antioxidant properties associated with selenium. Selenium and dimethoate treatments (and co-treatments) did not modulate GSH or MT concentrations at the doses tested in this study. Furthermore, neither selenium nor dimethoate was factors influencing GST activity, and no interaction was found between the treatments. While our results did not support our predictions, they are suggestive and future studies examining the protective role of selenium in pro-oxidant exposure in this species are warranted. Population-specific responses as well as seasonal variations in endogenous antioxidant expression should be considered in future experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quinlan R McLaughlin
- The College of Idaho, Department of Biology, 2112 Cleveland Blvd., Caldwell, ID 83605, United States of America
| | - Mark P Gunderson
- The College of Idaho, Department of Biology, 2112 Cleveland Blvd., Caldwell, ID 83605, United States of America.
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16
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Zheng X, Liu F, Shi M, Li S, Xie X, Li G, Zhang X, Zhu Y. Transcriptome analysis of the reproduction of silkworm (Bombyx mori) under dimethoate stress. Pestic Biochem Physiol 2022; 183:105081. [PMID: 35430071 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2022.105081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Dimethoate (DMT) is an organophosphorus pesticide which is widely used to prevent and control agricultural diseases and pests. But it also remains in crops and the environment, affecting other non-target organisms. Existing research mainly focuses on aquatic invertebrates, and research on terrestrial invertebrates is still relatively weak. This study selected the lepidopteran model insect silkworm (Bombyx mori) as the research object and revealed the influence of DMT on the reproduction of silkworms. This study used digital gene expression (DGE) and RT-qPCR analysis to compare gene expression changes in eggs laid by silkworms under the exposure of DMT (200 mg/L). A total of 320 differential genes were detected, of which 211 genes were up-regulated and 109 genes were down-regulated. The GO enrichment analysis bar graph shows those differential genes enriched in the BP's metabolic process, cellular process, CC's membrane part, cell, MF's catalytic activity, binding. KEGG enrichment analysis showed more differential genes enriched in signal transduction, endocrine system, cancers: Overview pathway. The results showed that the differential genes were mainly concentrated on promoting trehalase transporter genes, stress response-related genes, zinc finger protein genes, epidermal protein genes, and 5-HT pathway-related genes. The results of this study will provide important gene sequence information for insect toxicology studies, and also clarify the mechanism of influence of DMT on silkworm reproduction at the transcription level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Fengdan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Min Shi
- Chongqing Wanzhou NO1. Senior High School, Chongqing 404000, China
| | - Shuo Li
- Chongqing Sericulture Science and Technology Research Institute, Chongqing 400700, China
| | - Xiaofan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Guannan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xiaoning Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
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17
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Jocić A, Breitenbach S, Pašti IA, Unterweger C, Fürst C, Lazarević-Pašti T. Viscose-derived activated carbons as adsorbents for malathion, dimethoate, and chlorpyrifos-screening, trends, and analysis. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:35138-35149. [PMID: 35044608 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-18721-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The release and accumulation of pesticides in the environment require the development of novel sustainable technologies for their removal. While adsorption is a classical approach, the design of new materials with enhanced adsorption properties could rationalize the remediation routes and decrease potential risks for their non-target organisms, including humans. More importantly, the use of adsorbents and their synthesis should be implemented in a sustainable and environmentally friendly manner. In this contribution, we studied the adsorption of organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) dimethoate, malathion, and chlorpyrifos on viscose fiber-derived activated carbon fibers (ACFs). The most efficient adsorption was found for chlorpyrifos, followed by malathion and dimethoate, while material properties were correlated with OP uptake. These ACFs are extremely efficient for chlorpyrifos adsorption, with experimentally observed adsorption capacitances reaching 240 mg g-1. Detailed analysis suggests that chlorpyrifos is physisorbed on ACF surfaces and that increased surface hydrophilicity reduces the uptake. Studied ACFs have great potential for practical application. They can reduce OPs' concentrations to such levels that no acute neurotoxic effects of the studied OPs in spiked tap water samples are seen, even for starting concentrations up to 104 times higher than the allowed ones. Finally, this study presents possible guidance for developing even more efficient and environmentally friendly adsorbents for chlorpyrifos, the most toxic among studied OPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Jocić
- University of Belgrade, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, Mike Petrovica Alasa 12-14, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Stefan Breitenbach
- Wood K plus -KompetenzzentrumHolz GmbH, Altenberger Strasse 69, 4040, Linz, Austria
- Institute of Chemical Technology of Inorganic Materials (TIM), Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Strasse 69, 4040, Linz, Austria
| | - Igor A Pašti
- Faculty of Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, 11158, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Christoph Unterweger
- Wood K plus -KompetenzzentrumHolz GmbH, Altenberger Strasse 69, 4040, Linz, Austria
| | - Christian Fürst
- Wood K plus -KompetenzzentrumHolz GmbH, Altenberger Strasse 69, 4040, Linz, Austria
| | - Tamara Lazarević-Pašti
- University of Belgrade, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, Mike Petrovica Alasa 12-14, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia.
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18
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Pasar R, Ms P, R HN, M D, P N, M B, R BP, M P. Simultaneous determination of dimethoate and its metabolite omethoate in curry leaf using LC-MS/MS and risk assessment. J Sep Sci 2022; 45:1831-1838. [PMID: 35315569 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
This study presents the method development, validation, and simultaneous determination of dimethoate and its metabolite omethoate in curry leaf. Samples were extracted following modified quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe extraction protocol and analyzed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The limit of quantification in the matrix was 0.005 μg g-1 for dimethoate and omethoate. Extraction using acetonitrile recorded the average recoveries in the range of 82.25 to 112.97% for dimethoate and 85.57 to 107.22% for omethoate at 0.005, 0.025 and 0.050 μgg-1 fortification levels and relative standard deviation less than 5%. Similarly, the relative standard deviation values for intraday (Repeatability) and interday (Reproducibility) tests were less than 15%. Dissipation kinetics of dimethoate 30% emulsifiable concentrate at 200 and 400 g a.i h-1 recorded initial deposits of 5.20 and 10.05 μg g-1 and 0.33 and 0.48 μg g-1 for dimethoate and omethoate, respectively, and half-life of 3.07 and 3.34 days. The estimated hazard index value found more than one at a day after dimethoate application. It is not safe for consumer health to use curry leaves in the initial days after application. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratnamma Pasar
- Pesticide Residue and Food Quality Analysis Laboratory, Department of Agricultural Entomology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur, Karnataka, 584 104, India
| | - Pallavi Ms
- Pesticide Residue and Food Quality Analysis Laboratory, Department of Agricultural Entomology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur, Karnataka, 584 104, India
| | - Harischandra Naik R
- Pesticide Residue and Food Quality Analysis Laboratory, Department of Agricultural Entomology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur, Karnataka, 584 104, India
| | - Devaraj M
- Pesticide Residue and Food Quality Analysis Laboratory, Department of Agricultural Entomology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur, Karnataka, 584 104, India
| | - Nandini P
- Pesticide Residue and Food Quality Analysis Laboratory, Department of Agricultural Entomology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur, Karnataka, 584 104, India
| | - Bheemanna M
- Pesticide Residue and Food Quality Analysis Laboratory, Department of Agricultural Entomology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur, Karnataka, 584 104, India
| | - Badariprasad P R
- Pesticide Residue and Food Quality Analysis Laboratory, Department of Agricultural Entomology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur, Karnataka, 584 104, India
| | - Paramasivam M
- Pesticide Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Agricultural Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641 003, India
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19
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Cardoso DN, Oliveira M, Soares AMVM, Loureiro S. Susceptibility of Folsomia candida to Agrochemicals after Multigenerational Exposure to Human Pharmaceuticals. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022; 41:592-600. [PMID: 33590911 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In realistic environmental scenarios, soil organisms can be exposed to a combination of pharmaceuticals and agriproducts or within different time frames. Therefore, it is necessary to increase knowledge on soil organism susceptibility under a complex mixture exposure scenario. The present study aimed to assess the susceptibility of the collembolan Folsomia candida to copper and dimethoate on a pre-exposure for 3 generations to human pharmaceuticals (fluoxetine and carbamazepine). Carryover effects on reproductive output and survival were observed after a multigenerational pre-exposure to carbamazepine or fluoxetine, considerably increasing the sensitivity of collembolans to both copper and dimethoate. This was more evident for collembolans pre-exposed to the highest concentrations of both pharmaceuticals (40 mg/kg soil), as demonstrated by a significant reduction in the number of juveniles and increased mortality. In addition, pre-exposure to carbamazepine and fluoxetine induced varying effects on subsequent exposure to the same chemical. Although pre-exposure to carbamazepine led to a decrease in collembolan reproduction, even when transferred to a clean medium, fluoxetine induced severe effects but only when collembolans were exposed to other contaminants (i.e., not when transferred to clean soil). The present study highlighted the need to consider carryover effects and possible interactions between pharmaceuticals and other contaminants under simultaneous exposure. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:592-600. © 2021 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo N Cardoso
- Department of Biology and Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Miguel Oliveira
- Department of Biology and Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Amadeu M V M Soares
- Department of Biology and Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Susana Loureiro
- Department of Biology and Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
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20
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Acquaroni M, Svartz G, Pérez Coll C. Acute, chronic and neurotoxic effects of dimethoate pesticide on Rhinella arenarum throughout the development. J Environ Sci Health B 2022; 57:142-152. [PMID: 35132945 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2022.2034459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Among the factors implicated in amphibian global decline, agrochemicals have been gaining increasing attention. In order to evaluate the toxicity of a dimethoate-based insecticide on the early development of an autochthonous amphibian, Rhinella arenarum, continuous and 24 h pulse exposure bioassays were carried out. Lethal and sublethal effects, neurotoxicity and the ecological risk were assessed. Results demonstrate that larvae were more sensitive than embryos with 504 h-LC50 of 12.82 and 16.38 mg L-1, respectively. 24 h pulse experiments showed a high toxicity increment at early embryonic stages, while the sensitivity at later stages was high and constant. Dimethoate caused teratogenesis and several sublethal effects as morphological and behavioral alterations but also disruption in the metamorphic process. About neurotoxicity, dimethoate inhibited the activity of butyrylcholinesterase at 0.5 and 1 mg L-1 exposed larvae. The results obtained in this study as the risk assessment revealed that dimethoate represents a hazard on Rhinella arenarum survival and development but also a potential risk for the continuity of the populations of this species in agroecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Acquaroni
- Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental-IIIA, UNSAM, CONICET, San Martín, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Svartz
- Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental-IIIA, UNSAM, CONICET, San Martín, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cristina Pérez Coll
- Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental-IIIA, UNSAM, CONICET, San Martín, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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21
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Xu Y, Gao H, Du Z, Liu H, Cheng Q, Zhang F, Ye J, Wang A, Dou Y, Ma B, Zhao N, Zhu F, Xu X, Shen N, Wu J, Xue B. A new approach for reducing pollutants level: a longitudinal cohort study of physical exercises in young people. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:223. [PMID: 35114971 PMCID: PMC8812347 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-12621-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study aimed to evaluate the elimination of three common pollutants (dimethoate, benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) and bisphenol A (BPA) by different physical exercises and to assess the possible factors which could affect the pollutants elimination. METHODS A total of 200 individuals who chose different kinds of exercises in accordance to their own wish were recruited. The levels of urinary pollutants were measured using β-glucuronidase hydrolysis followed by a high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry-based method. RESULTS Totally, the levels of dimethoate, BaP and BPA were reduced after physical exercises. However, the elimination of BaP in male was higher than that in female but the elimination of BPA in female was higher than that in male. Multivariate logistic regression showed that the degree of heart rate (HR) change was a protective factor affecting the improvement effect of dimethoate, BaP and BPA while BMI (body mass index) was a risk factor. Nevertheless, sex was a risk factor affecting the improvement of dimethoate and BaP but had a lower efficacy on BPA improvement. CONCLUSION The present findings indicate that physical exercises can be considered as a novel approach to eliminate pollutants level in human body and can also give suggestions for choosing specific physical exercises to male and female individuals. Moreover, those who are with higher BMI need to lose weight before eliminating pollutant level through physical exercises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujuan Xu
- Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Hongliang Gao
- Core Laboratory, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Zhixiang Du
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, 225300, China
| | - He Liu
- General surgery department, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Qi Cheng
- Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Furong Zhang
- Core Laboratory, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Juan Ye
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, China
| | | | - Yanjun Dou
- Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Bei Ma
- Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Ningwei Zhao
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- General surgery department, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Xianlin Xu
- Department of Urology, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 109 Longmian Road, Jiangning, Nanjing, 211100, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ning Shen
- China Exposomics Institute (CEI) Precision Medicine Co. Ltd, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Core Laboratory, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Bin Xue
- Core Laboratory, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
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Hou L, Zhang X, Huang Y, Wang M, Chen X, Lin T, Tan Y, Zhao S. A ratiometric electrochemical biosensor via alkaline phosphatase mediated dissolution of nano-MnO 2 and Ru(III) redox recycling for the determination of dimethoate. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 207:114400. [PMID: 34624818 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive and ratiometric electrochemical biosensor was developed for the determination of dimethoate via alkaline phosphatase (ALP) mediated dissolution of nano-MnO2 and [Ru(NH3)6]3+(Ru(III)) redox recycling. The electroactive probe Ru(III) was adsorbed on the nano-MnO2 with the high specific surface area through electrostatic interaction to form the MnO2-Ru(III) nanocomposite, which was then fixed on the surface of the glassy carbon electrode. When the dimethoate inhibited the catalytic activity of ALP in a homogeneous system, the hydrolysate L-ascorbic acid (AA) produced by ALP hydrolysis of L-ascorbic acid-trisodium 2-phosphate (AAP) decreased. The solution was then incubated with a glassy carbon electrode modified by MnO2-Ru(III). At this time, only a small amount of MnO2-Ru(III) was decomposed and Ru(III) was rapidly electroreduced to Ru(II) on the surface of the electrode. The in-situ produced Ru(II) was chemically oxidized back to Ru(III) by Fe(III). The redox recycling of Ru(III) was completed and the Ru(III) reduction current signal was amplified. The process consumed part of Fe(III) to reduce the reduction current signal of Fe(III), and the ratio of the two reduction currents (IRu(III)/IFe(III)) increased significantly. The IRu(III)/IFe(III) value increased with the increase of dimethoate concentration in the linear range of 0.01-300 ng mL-1, and the detection limit was 6.3 pg mL-1. It has been successfully applied to the determination of dimethoate in oilseed rape and lettuce with a satisfactory result.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Hou
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Science, State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, PR China
| | - Xuanhan Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Science, State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, PR China
| | - Yuxiu Huang
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Science, State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, PR China
| | - Min Wang
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Science, State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, PR China
| | - Xiaoyu Chen
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Science, State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, PR China
| | - Tianran Lin
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Science, State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, PR China.
| | - Yanhui Tan
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Science, State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, PR China.
| | - Shulin Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Science, State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, PR China.
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Xu YJ, Gao HL, Liu H, Zhao NW, Cheng Q, Zhang FR, Ye J, Wang AQ, Dou YJ, Ma B, Zhu F, Xu XL, Li CJ, Wu J, Shen N, Xue B. Urinary levels of dimethoate, bisphenol A and benzo[a]pyrene in first-year students of Hohai University from different geographical regions. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:1692. [PMID: 34530795 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11726-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to detect the urinary levels of dimethoate, benzo(a) pyrene (BaP), and bisphenol A (BPA) in first-year Hohai University students with different geographic origins. METHODS First-morning urine samples were collected from 540 healthy freshmen aged 17 to 19 years. Chemical levels were measured using β-glucuronidase hydrolysis followed by a high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry-based method. Geometric means (GMs) of these three chemicals are presented by body mass index (BMI) and location in a volume-based and creatinine-standardized way. RESULTS GM concentrations of omethoate, BPA and 3-OHBaP were 9.47 μg/L (10.80 μg/g creatinine), 3.54 μg/L (4.04 μg/g creatinine) and 0.34 ng/L (0.39 ng/g creatinine), respectively. The GM concentration of omethoate in males was significantly higher than that in females. The individuals with a BMI higher than 23.9 had higher GM concentrations of omethoate, BPA, and 3-OHBaP. The inhabitants of Southwest China had significantly lower GM concentrations of omethoate, BPA, and 3-OHBaP than those who lived in other locations in China. CONCLUSION The average level of environmental chemical accumulation in freshmen is lower in Southwest China and differs in youth who live in different regions. In addition, obesity is correlated with higher toxin levels in youth.
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Silva MS, De Souza DV, Alpire MES, Malinverni ACDM, Da Silva RCB, Viana MDB, Oshima CTF, Ribeiro DA. Dimethoate induces genotoxicity as a result of oxidative stress: in vivo and in vitro studies. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:43274-43286. [PMID: 34189686 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15090-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Dimethoate ([O,O-dimethyl S-(N-methylcarbamoylmethyl) phosphorodithioate]) is an organophosphate insecticide and acaricide widely used for agricultural purposes. Genotoxicity refers to the ability of a chemical agent interact directly to DNA or act indirectly leading to DNA damage by affecting spindle apparatus or enzymes involved in DNA replication, thereby causing mutations. Taking into consideration the importance of genotoxicity induced by dimethoate, the purpose of this manuscript was to provide a mini review regarding genotoxicity induced by dimethoate as a result of oxidative stress. The present study was conducted on studies available in MEDLINE, PUBMED, EMBASE, and Google scholar for all kind of articles (all publications published until May, 2020) using the following key words: dimethoate, omethoate, DNA damage, genetic damage, oxidative stress, genotoxicity, mutation, and mutagenicity. The results showed that many studies were published in the scientific literature; the approach was clearly demonstrated in multiple tissues and organs, but few papers were designed in humans. In summary, new studies within the field are important for better understanding the pathobiological events of genotoxicity on human cells, particularly to explain what cells and/or tissues are more sensitive to genotoxic insult induced by dimethoate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Souza Silva
- Institute of Heath and Society, Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo, UNIFESP, Rua Silva Jardim, 136, Room 332, Vila Mathias, Santos, SP, 11050-020, Brazil
| | - Daniel Vitor De Souza
- Institute of Heath and Society, Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo, UNIFESP, Rua Silva Jardim, 136, Room 332, Vila Mathias, Santos, SP, 11050-020, Brazil
| | - Maria Esther Suarez Alpire
- Institute of Heath and Society, Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo, UNIFESP, Rua Silva Jardim, 136, Room 332, Vila Mathias, Santos, SP, 11050-020, Brazil
| | - Andrea Cristina De Moraes Malinverni
- Institute of Heath and Society, Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo, UNIFESP, Rua Silva Jardim, 136, Room 332, Vila Mathias, Santos, SP, 11050-020, Brazil
| | - Regina Claudia Barbosa Da Silva
- Institute of Heath and Society, Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo, UNIFESP, Rua Silva Jardim, 136, Room 332, Vila Mathias, Santos, SP, 11050-020, Brazil
| | - Milena De Barros Viana
- Institute of Heath and Society, Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo, UNIFESP, Rua Silva Jardim, 136, Room 332, Vila Mathias, Santos, SP, 11050-020, Brazil
| | - Celina Tizuko Fujiyama Oshima
- Institute of Heath and Society, Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo, UNIFESP, Rua Silva Jardim, 136, Room 332, Vila Mathias, Santos, SP, 11050-020, Brazil
| | - Daniel Araki Ribeiro
- Institute of Heath and Society, Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo, UNIFESP, Rua Silva Jardim, 136, Room 332, Vila Mathias, Santos, SP, 11050-020, Brazil.
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25
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Broznić D, Didović MP, Rimac V, Marinić J. Sorption and leaching potential of organophosphorus insecticide dimethoate in Croatian agricultural soils. Chemosphere 2021; 273:128563. [PMID: 33070975 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Dimethoate is an organophosphorus insecticide still used in Croatia and worldwide, with polar structure and high water solubility that make it prone to leaching. This study analyzed how physico-chemical properties of soils affected dimethoate sorption and mobility. For that purpose, five soil samples were collected from three Croatian regions (two coastal and one mountain region). Dimethoate sorption process was analyzed using the batch procedure while its mobility and leaching potential was investigated by column experiment. The results showed that dimethoate sorption can be adequately described by Freundlich model. All isotherms were of L-type with varying degrees of non-linearity, indicating different sorption efficiencies and distribution of sorption sites energies among the soils. Energy distribution was broader in soils richer in organic matter (OM). KF values indicated relatively low sorption efficiency for all soils, with an increase of KF values proportional to OM content. Mechanisms involved in dimethoate sorption and mobility were analyzed by fitting the breakthrough curves (BTCs) with two mathematical models, namely one-site equilibrium (ELM) and two-site nonequilibrium sorption model (NELM). Correlations were quantified by Kendall-Tau test, which revealed the strongest correlation of KF value with OM content, cation exchange capacity and the humic acid content, while correlations with pH, clay content and A465nm/A665nm ratio were negative and insignificant. Based on these findings, a model for prediction of leaching potential was formed. A simplified model for dimethoate sorption/transport was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalibor Broznić
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia.
| | - Mirna Petković Didović
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia.
| | - Vladimir Rimac
- Teaching Institute of Public Health of Primorje-Gorski Kotar County, Krešimirova 52a, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia.
| | - Jelena Marinić
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia.
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Yuan S, Yang F, Yu H, Xie Y, Guo Y, Yao W. Biodegradation of the organophosphate dimethoate by Lactobacillus plantarum during milk fermentation. Food Chem 2021; 360:130042. [PMID: 34022519 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Bioremediation of pesticides in contaminated foodstuffs using probiotics has attracted great attention in recent years, but some intermediate products may have profound effects on the toxicity of treated food. Therefore, this work studied the degradation mechanism of dimethoate in milk by L. plantarum, and analyzed the toxicity of degradation products. The results showed that under the optimal conditions, L. plantarum can degrade 81.28% of dimethoate. Dimethoate had high binding affinities to phosphatase with the free energy of -16.67 kcal/mol, and amino acid residues, Gln375 and SER415 played important roles in the catalysis process. Five degradation products were identified using UPLC-QTOF/MS, and their toxicity was estimated using quantitative structure-activity relationship models. Some intermediate products were predicted to be toxic, which should not be ignored, but the overall toxicity of milk decreased after fermentation. Furthermore, the pH and titratable acidity of the fermented milk were 4.25 and 85 ◦T, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaofeng Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu Province, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Fangwei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu Province, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu Province, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu Province, China; Qingdao Special Food Research Institute, Qingdao 266109, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yunfei Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu Province, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu Province, China; Qingdao Special Food Research Institute, Qingdao 266109, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yahui Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu Province, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Weirong Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu Province, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu Province, China; Qingdao Special Food Research Institute, Qingdao 266109, Shandong Province, China.
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27
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Varikou K, Garantonakis N, Malandrakis A. A novel bioassay for evaluating insecticide sensitivity: a case study of Calocoris trivialis Costa (Hemiptera: Miridae) in olives. Ecotoxicology 2021; 30:441-447. [PMID: 33629137 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-021-02357-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A recent increase in the Calocoris trivialis populations associated with premature olive blossom dropping in Crete coupled with ineffective control by organophosphate and pyrethroid insecticides resulted in resistance development speculation. A stem-dip assay was developed to evaluate C. trivialis susceptibility to dimethoate and beta-cyfluthrin against nymphal and adult insect stages. Susceptibility of C. trivialis populations collected from two Cretan orchards with no (AGRK) and extensive spray history (SPL) to both insecticides was evaluated and compared. Dimethoate LC50 values of the AGRK population were 17.47 and 33.37 mg L-1 for adults and nymphs and 45.85 and 20.08 mg L-1 for SPL respectively. C. trivialis was significantly more susceptible to beta-cyfluthrin as indicated by LC50 values for AGRK, SPL adults (0.53, 0.73 mg L-1) and nypmphs (1.44, 2.21 mg L-1). No evidence for resistance development was found in any of the insecticide cases. Adult insects were significantly more sensitive than nymphs in both insecticide/population combinations. Ratios of nymph: adult LC50values were 1.91, 2.71 for dimethoate and beta-cyfluthrin in AGRK and 2.28, 3.02 in SPL population. Susceptibility data and evidence of differential stage-dependent response of C. trivialis to both insecticides should be taken account for the establishment of effective control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiki Varikou
- Department of Entomology, ELGO-DΙΜΙΤΡΑ (Institute for Olive Tree, Subtropical Plants and Viticulture), Leoforos Karamanli 167, 73100, Chania, Crete, Greece.
| | - Nikos Garantonakis
- Department of Entomology, ELGO-DΙΜΙΤΡΑ (Institute for Olive Tree, Subtropical Plants and Viticulture), Leoforos Karamanli 167, 73100, Chania, Crete, Greece
| | - Anastasios Malandrakis
- Pesticide Science Laboratory, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, 118 55, Athens, Greece
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Guo C, Li G, Lin Q, Wu X, Wang J. Residual dynamics and dietary exposure risk of dimethoate and its metabolite in greenhouse celery. PeerJ 2021; 9:e10789. [PMID: 33717673 PMCID: PMC7934647 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the residual dynamics and dietary risk of dimethoate and its metabolite omethoate in celery. Celery was sprayed with 40% dimethoate emulsifiable concentrate (EC) at either a low concentration of 600 g a.i./ha or a high concentration of 900 g a.i./ha. Plants in the seedling, transplanting, or middle growth stages were sprayed once, and the samples were collected 90 days after transplantation. Plants in the harvesting stage were sprayed two or three times. The samples were collected on days 3, 5, 7, 10, 14 and 21 after the last pesticide application. The dimethoate and omethoate compounds were extracted from the celery samples using acetonitrile, and their concentrations were detected using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Also, the dietary risk assessments of dimethoate and omethoate were conducted in various populations and on different foods in China. The metabolism led to the formation of omethoate from dimethoate in the celery. The degradation dynamics of dimethoate and total residues in greenhouse celery followed the first-order kinetic equation. The half-lives of the compounds were 2.42 days and 2.92 days, respectively. The celery which received one application during the harvesting stage had a final residue of dimethoate after 14 days, which was lower than the maximum residue limit (MRL) 0.5 mg kg−1 for Chinese celery. The final deposition of the metabolite omethoate after 28 days was less than the maximum residue limit of 0.02 mg kg−1 for Chinese celery. Furthermore, the risk quotients of dimethoate in celery were less than 1; therefore, the level of chronic risk was acceptable after day 21. Only children aged 2–7 years had an HQ of dimethoate more than 1 (an unacceptable level of acute risk), while the acute dietary risks to other populations were within acceptable levels. It was recommended that any dimethoate applications to celery in greenhouses should happen before the celery reached the harvesting stage, with a safety interval of 28 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunjing Guo
- Institute of Agricultural Quality Standards and Testing Technology, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang, China.,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Lab of Agricultural Product Quality Safety Risk Assessment (Shenyang), Shenyang, China
| | - Guang Li
- Institute of Agricultural Quality Standards and Testing Technology, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang, China.,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Lab of Agricultural Product Quality Safety Risk Assessment (Shenyang), Shenyang, China
| | - Qiujun Lin
- Institute of Agricultural Quality Standards and Testing Technology, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang, China.,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Lab of Agricultural Product Quality Safety Risk Assessment (Shenyang), Shenyang, China
| | - Xianxin Wu
- Institute of Agricultural Quality Standards and Testing Technology, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang, China.,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Lab of Agricultural Product Quality Safety Risk Assessment (Shenyang), Shenyang, China
| | - Jianzhong Wang
- Institute of Agricultural Quality Standards and Testing Technology, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang, China.,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Lab of Agricultural Product Quality Safety Risk Assessment (Shenyang), Shenyang, China
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Ansell GR, Frewin AJ, Gradish AE, Scott-Dupree CD. Contact toxicity of three insecticides for use in tier I pesticide risk assessments with Megachile rotundata (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae). PeerJ 2021; 9:e10744. [PMID: 33665008 PMCID: PMC7908870 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The current pesticide risk assessment paradigm may not adequately protect solitary bees as it focuses primarily on the honey bee (Apis mellifera). The alfalfa leafcutting bee (Megachile rotundata) is a potential surrogate species for use in pesticide risk assessment for solitary bees in North America. However, the toxicity of potential toxic reference standards to M. rotundata will need to be determined before pesticide risk assessment tests (tier I trials) can be implemented. Therefore, we assessed the acute topical toxicity and generated LD50 values for three insecticides: dimethoate (62.08 ng a.i./bee), permethrin (50.01 ng a.i./bee), and imidacloprid (12.82 ng a.i/bee). The variation in the mass of individual bees had a significant but small effect on these toxicity estimates. Overall, the toxicity of these insecticides to M. rotundata were within the 10-fold safety factor currently used with A. mellifera toxicity estimates from tier I trials to estimate risk to other bee species. Therefore, tier I pesticide risk assessments with solitary bees may not be necessary, and efforts could be directed to developing more realistic, higher-tier pesticide risk assessment trials for solitary bees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham R. Ansell
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew J. Frewin
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Angela E. Gradish
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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Tefera YM, Gaskin S, Thredgold L, Pisaniello D. Glove performance in a warming climate: The role of glove material and climate on permeation resistance to organophosphate insecticides. J Occup Environ Hyg 2021; 18:4-15. [PMID: 33237850 DOI: 10.1080/15459624.2020.1842879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Hands and forearms are the principal sites of dermal exposure to organophosphate insecticides, which makes glove use one of the most important components of an exposure control strategy. However, the selection of suitable gloves depends on issues such as task, type, and concentration of organophosphate as well as cost. In addition, chemical protection performance of gloves may be temperature dependent, which is of increasing concern in a warming climate. Two recommended reusable glove materials (polyvinylchloride and nitrile butadiene rubber) and one single-use glove (nitrile/neoprene) were tested for permeation resistance to actual formulations of organophosphate insecticides with active ingredients dimethoate and malathion. Chemical resistance parameters were measured using American society for testing and materials permeation test cells and compared across glove, organophosphate type, and temperature. The three gloves demonstrated comparable and adequate chemical resistance (less than one µg cm-2 min-1 for up to 8 hr exposure; 25-60 °C) for dilute forms of dimethoate and malathion, used during spraying activities. However, the single-use nitrile/neoprene glove is not designed to fully cover the elbow which limits its suitability. In permeation tests that reflect "worst case" exposure scenario to concentrated (neat) organophosphate formulations, as in mixing/loading tasks, a significant variation in chemical resistance between gloves was observed. While polyvinylchloride offered the maximum resistance, physical degradation of nitrile butadiene rubber after 3 hr of continuous exposure makes it unsuitable for handling neat dimethoate. The single-use nitrile/neoprene glove material had considerably poorer permeation resistance (up to 155-fold greater permeation and 6-fold shorter breakthrough) against neat formulations. Overall, elevated temperature (>40 °C) was shown to result in significantly greater (P < 0.05) cumulative permeation of neat formulation insecticides. This work demonstrates the variation in glove performance and potential for greater exposure risk particularly when mixing concentrated pesticides at elevated temperature conditions such as an occluded human skin or hot greenhouses. Training and guidance on testing, selection, use, and storage of gloves should consider in-use exposure scenarios and temperature-induced reduction in chemical protective performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonatal Mesfin Tefera
- Adelaide Exposure Science and Health, School of Public Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Sharyn Gaskin
- Adelaide Exposure Science and Health, School of Public Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Leigh Thredgold
- Adelaide Exposure Science and Health, School of Public Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Dino Pisaniello
- Adelaide Exposure Science and Health, School of Public Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
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Galil FMAA, Zambare SP, Al-Mekhlafi FA, Al-Keridis LA. Effect of dimethoate on the developmental rate of forensic importance Calliphoridae flies. Saudi J Biol Sci 2020; 28:1267-1271. [PMID: 33613056 PMCID: PMC7878685 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Forensic entomotoxicology has grown to impact judicial systems in developed countries. Where the use of insects and maggots as samples in death investigations as an alternative technique, especially following degradation or loss of the conventionally used samples. Carrion flies feed on dead bodies and may ingest toxic substances found in the dead body, especially when the body was poisoned before death. The knowledge of how the chemicals interact with the insect following ingestion is crucial to forensic entomotoxicologists. The study investigated the impact of dimethoate on the life cycle of four species of Calliphoridae flies, namely Chrysomya megacephala, Chrysomya saffranea, Chrysomya rufifacies and Chrysomya indiana. Various concentrations of dimethoate (1 ppm, 2 ppm, 3 ppm and 4 ppm) were utilized in the study. The rate of development of the carrion flies showed a negative correlation with the concentration of the chemical. This paper glares at the impact of the chemicals may pose to the insects, and how analysis of such impacts can guide forensic investigations of poisoning and help the investigators to solve the crime puzzle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahd Mohammed Abd Al Galil
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Bisha, P.O. Box: 551, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Thamar University, Yemen
| | | | - Fahd A Al-Mekhlafi
- Bioproducts Research Chair, Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Agricultural Production, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Thamar University, Yemen
| | - Lamya Ahmed Al-Keridis
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Matsushita T, Fujita Y, Omori K, Huang Y, Matsui Y, Shirasaki N. Effect of chlorination on anti-acetylcholinesterase activity of organophosphorus insecticide solutions and contributions of the parent insecticides and their oxons to the activity. Chemosphere 2020; 261:127743. [PMID: 32721694 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphorus insecticides are known to be partly transformed to their respective oxons during the chlorination step of drinking water treatment. For most organophosphorus insecticides, the toxicological endpoint for determining acceptable daily intake levels is inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Like the parent insecticides, oxons also inhibit AChE, so the presence of oxons in drinking water is also evaluated. However, no attention is paid to the possible presence of transformation products (TPs) other than oxons. In the present study, we determined whether the anti-AChE activity observed for chlorinated solutions of the organophosphorus insecticides malathion and methidathion could be solely attributed to the parent compounds and their oxons. Upon chlorination, both malathion and methidathion were immediately transformed to their oxons; the maximum transformation ratios were 60% and 30%, respectively, indicating that at least 40% and 70% of these compounds were transformed into other TPs. Before chlorination, malathion- and methidathion-containing solutions exhibited little to no anti-AChE activity, but the solutions showed strong activity after chlorination. The contributions of the parent insecticides and their oxons to the activities of the chlorinated samples were calculated from the concentrations of the compounds in the samples and dose-response curves for chemical standards of the compounds. For both the malathion-containing solution and the methidathion-containing solution, the calculated anti-AChE activities were almost the same as the observed activities at every chlorination time. This suggests that the observed activities could be attributed solely to the parent insecticides and their oxons, indicating that other TPs need not be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taku Matsushita
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13W8, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan.
| | - Yuki Fujita
- Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13W8, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan
| | - Kei Omori
- Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13W8, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan
| | - Yuxiang Huang
- Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13W8, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Matsui
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13W8, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Shirasaki
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13W8, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan
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Liu X, Wu Z, Yang X, Wang Q, Zou L, Mei W, Zheng Y, Wang K. Photothermal and fluorescent dual-mode assay based on the formation of polydopamine nanoparticles for accurate determination of organophosphate pesticides. Mikrochim Acta 2020; 187:652. [PMID: 33175189 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-020-04629-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A photothermal and fluorescent dual-mode assay for sensitive organophosphate pesticides (Ops) determination is reported based on alkaline phosphatase (ALP)-inhibition-induced formation of polydopamine (PDA) nanoparticles. In the presence of ALP, ascorbic acid 2-phosphate (AAP) can be catalyzed to produce ascorbic acid (AA). AA can reduce MnO2 nanosheets, further inhibiting the oxidation of dopamine (DA). Ops as an inhibitor for ALP activity prevents the formation of AA and the reduction of MnO2 nanosheets. Eventually, the formation of PDA nanoparticles is promoted. The inhibitory effect of Ops on ALP activity causes obvious changes of photothermal signals and fluorescence signal at 495 nm. The detection limit (LOD) of dimethoate is 0.1 μM. The method displays excellent sensing capability for the dimethoate assay in real water with good recoveries of 99.4-107.6%. Graphical abstract A photothermal and fluorescent dual-mode biosensor for sensitive Ops detection was reported based on alkaline phosphatase (ALP)-inhibition-induced formation of polydopamine (PDA) nanoparticles. The dual-mode method significantly improved the accuracy and reliability of the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Zhaoxing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Xiaohai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Qing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China.
| | - Liyuan Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Wenjing Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Yan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Kemin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China.
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Ghayyur S, Khan MF, Tabassum S, Ahmad MS, Sajid M, Badshah K, Khan MA, Saira, Ghayyur S, Khan NA, Ahmad B, Qamer S. A comparative study on the effects of selected pesticides on hemato-biochemistry and tissue histology of freshwater fish Cirrhinus mrigala (Hamilton, 1822). Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:603-11. [PMID: 33424346 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.10.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the comparative effects of pesticides Chlorfenapyr, Dimethoate and Acetamiprid on the health of Cirrhinus mrigala under long term exposure. Eighty C. mrigala were divided in four equal groups; one control and three treated groups. The blood was collected from both control and treated groups at intervals of 10th, 20th and 30th days for hemato-biochemistry and histopathological alterations. The result indicates significant difference (P < 0.05) in RBCs, Hb, PCV and MCHC whereas elevation in WBCs and Platelets counts were recorded. In 10th day sampling, MCV value of Dimethoate and Acetamiprid treatment had no difference in comparison with the control group, however it is significantly increased (P < 0.05) in rest of sampling. The MCH value of exposed fish showed significant increased (P < 0.05) after 20th and 30th days for Chlorfenapyr and after 30th days for Acetamiprid exposure while insignificantly increased for rest of sampling. It was also found that these pesticides significantly decrease (p < 0.05) the T3 and T4 levels while increase in the TSH, cortical, ALP, AST, ALT and LDH levels in the serum of the treated fishes in contrast to control group. Similarly, histopathological analysis of gills and liver showed significant alterations in all the treated groups. Toxicity trends of these pesticides was ranked as Chlorfenapyr > Acetamiprid > Dimethoate. It is concluded that indiscriminate use of such pesticides poses a noxious threat to non-target organisms, harm the ecosystems and jeopardizes human health.
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Dong Y, Wang Y, Zhu Q, Li X, Huang T, Li H, Zhao J, Ge RS. Dimethoate blocks pubertal differentiation of Leydig cells in rats. Chemosphere 2020; 241:125036. [PMID: 31606569 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Dimethoate is an organophosphate pesticide. It is widely used in agriculture. However, whether it blocks pubertal development of Leydig cells remains unknown. In the current study, we exposed male Sprague Dawley rats with 7.5 and 15 mg kg-1 dimethoate from postnatal day 35-56. We also exposed Leydig cells isolated from 35-day-old rats for 3 h. Dimethoate reduced serum testosterone levels at 7.5 and 15 mg kg-1 but increased serum luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone levels at 15 mg kg-1. Dimethoate did not influence Leydig cell number but reduced Leydig cell size and down-regulated Star, Cyp11a1, and Hsd3b1 in Leydig cells as well as their protein expression. Dimethoate inhibited basal androgen output in a dose-dependent manner with the inhibition starting at 0.05 μM. It significantly inhibited luteinizing hormone and 8Br-cAMP stimulated androgen outputs at 50 μM. It significantly inhibited 22R-hydroxycholesterol and progesterone-mediated androgen outputs at 50 μM. Further study demonstrated that dimethoate also down-regulated the expression of Star, Cyp11a1, and Hsd3b1 at 5 or 50 μM in vitro. Dimethoate did not directly inhibit rat testicular steroidogenic enzyme activities at 50 μM. In conclusion, dimethoate targets Star, Cyp11a1, and Hsd3b1 transcription, thus blocking Leydig cell differentiation during puberty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoyao Dong
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325003, China
| | - Yiyan Wang
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325003, China
| | - Qiqi Zhu
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325003, China
| | - Xiaoheng Li
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325003, China
| | - Tongliang Huang
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325003, China
| | - Huitao Li
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325003, China
| | - Junzhao Zhao
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325003, China.
| | - Ren-Shan Ge
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325003, China.
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Romero-Natale A, Rebollar-Pérez G, Ortiz I, Tenorio-Arvide MG, Munguía-Pérez R, Palchetti I, Torres E. A simple spectroscopic method to determine dimethoate in water samples by complex formation. J Environ Sci Health B 2019; 55:310-318. [PMID: 31782687 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2019.1696095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A simple and rapid method for the determination of dimethoate in water was developed based on the monitoring of the complex formation between bis 5-phenyldipyrrinate of nickel (II) and the herbicide dimethoate. The method showed a short response time (10 s), high selectivity (very low interference from other sulfate and salts), high sensitivity (limit of detection (LOD) 0.45 µM, limit of quantitation (LOQ) of 1.39 µM), and a Kd of 2.4 µM. Stoichiometry experiments showed that complex formation occurred with a 1:1 relation. The method was applied to different environmental water samples such as lagoon, stream, urban, and groundwater samples. The results indicated that independently from the water source, the method exhibited high precision (0.25-2.47% variation coefficient) and accuracy (84.42-115.68% recovery). In addition, the method was also tested using an effluent from a wastewater treatment plant from Mexico; however, the results indicated that the presence of organic matter had a pronounced effect on the detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Romero-Natale
- Posgrado en Ciencias Ambientales, ICUAP, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | | | - Irmene Ortiz
- Depto. Procesos y Tecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Cuajimalpa, México City, Mexico
| | | | - Ricardo Munguía-Pérez
- Posgrado en Ciencias Ambientales, ICUAP, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Ilaria Palchetti
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università Degli Studi di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - Eduardo Torres
- Posgrado en Ciencias Ambientales, ICUAP, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
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DE Oliveira Fernandes TRM, Oshima CTF, Cardili L, Ribeiro DA, Silva MS, Korinfsky JP, Plapler H. The Role of Dimethoate and UV-B on Skin of Wistar Rats. Anticancer Res 2019; 39:5179-5184. [PMID: 31519631 DOI: 10.21873/anticanres.13714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM The pesticide dimethoate (O-dimethyl-S- Nmethylcarbamoylmethyl phosphorodithioate) is able to induce severe acute toxicity in living organisms. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of ultraviolet radiation, alone or combined with exposure to dimethoate, on the rat skin. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 38 Wistar female rats (Rattus norvegicus albinus), were distributed into four groups: A (n=9) control group, B (n=10) exposed to ultraviolet-B radiation (UV-B), C (n=10) exposed to UV-B followed by application of dimethoate (UV-B+AGRO) and group D (n=9) exposed to dimethoate (AGRO). Histological examination of the tissues, as well as immunohistochemistry for cleaved caspase 3, Ki-67 and COX-2 expression were performed to all groups. RESULTS Animals submitted to UV-B exhibited hyperkeratosis with moderate cell atypia. Regarding exposure to UV-B+AGRO, the animals presented hyperkeratosis and atrophy, whereas in animals exposed to AGRO, only atrophy was noticed. The immunohistochemical results on skin revealed that UVB, AGRO and UVB+AGRO decreased cleaved caspase 3 and Ki-67 expression when compared to the control group (p<0.05). COX-2 expression decreased to UVB or AGRO groups compared to controls (p<0.05). CONCLUSION UV-B or AGRO exposure is able to induce histopathological changes and altered expression of cleaved caspase-3 and Ki-67 in rat skin, thus being categorized as a risk condition for skin carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Leonardo Cardili
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of São Paulo, Sao Paolo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Hélio Plapler
- Department of Surgery, Federal University of São Paulo, Sao Paolo, Brazil
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Mitrović T, Lazović S, Nastasijević B, Pašti IA, Vasić V, Lazarević-Pašti T. Non-thermal plasma needle as an effective tool in dimethoate removal from water. J Environ Manage 2019; 246:63-70. [PMID: 31174031 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.05.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Intensive use of pesticides requires innovative approaches for their removal from the environment. Here we report the method for degradation of dimethoate in water using non-thermal plasma needle and analyze kinetics of dimethoate removal and possible degradation pathways. The effects of dimethoate initial concentration, plasma treatment time, Argon flow rate and the presence of radical promoters on the effectiveness of proposed method are evaluated. With argon flow rate of 0.5 slm (standard litres per minute) 1 × 10-4 M dimethoate can be removed within 30 min of treatment. Using UPLC analysis it was confirmed that one of the decomposition products is dimethoate oxo-analogue omethoate, which is in fact more toxic than dimethoate. However, the overall toxicity of contaminated water was reduced upon the treatment. The addition of H2O2 as a free radical promoter enhances dimethoate removal, while K2S2O8 results with selective conversion to omethoate. Using mass spectrometry in combination with the theoretical calculations, possible degradation pathways were proposed. The feasibility of the proposed method for dimethoate degradation in real water samples is confirmed. The proposed method is demonstrated as a highly effective approach for dimethoate removal without significant accumulation of undesirable toxic products and secondary waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Mitrović
- The Jaroslav Cerni Institute for the Development of Water Resources, Jaroslava Cernog 80, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Saša Lazović
- Institute of Physics, University of Belgrade, Pregrevica 118, 11080, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Branislav Nastasijević
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovića Alasa 12-14, P. O. Box 522, 11001, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Igor A Pašti
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Physical Chemistry, Studentski Trg 12-16, 11158, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Vesna Vasić
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovića Alasa 12-14, P. O. Box 522, 11001, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Tamara Lazarević-Pašti
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovića Alasa 12-14, P. O. Box 522, 11001, Belgrade, Serbia.
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Serdar O. The effect of dimethoate pesticide on some biochemical biomarkers in Gammarus pulex. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019; 26:21905-21914. [PMID: 31140088 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04629-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this presented study, it was aimed to determine the effects of pesticides on non-target organisms on the freshwater amphipod, Gammarus pulex, by biochemical responses. Acute toxicity value (LC50) in G. pulex of the dimethoate pesticide was determined. The superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione S-transferaz (GST), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and catalase (CAT) activities and malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH) levels of the G. pulex organism exposed to the subletal concentrations were analyzed by ELISA for 24 and 96 h. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated the abilities of dimethoate pesticide induce to oxidative stress. The results revealed that MDA, GSH levels SOD, CAT, GPx, and GST activities of G. pulex can be used as an effective biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osman Serdar
- Fisheries Faculty, Munzur University, TR62000, Tunceli, Turkey.
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Al-Awthan YS, Salem Bahattab O. Protective Role of Carissa edulis Ethanolic Extract Against Dimethoate-induced Hepatotoxicity in Guinea Pigs. Pak J Biol Sci 2019; 22:299-308. [PMID: 31930853 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2019.299.308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Carissa edulis (CE) (Apocynaceae) is distributed in tropical Africa and Asia and commonly used in folk medicine to treat many diseases such as headache, cough, rheumatism and fever. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the protective role of ethanolic extract of CE, a medicinal plant locally called "Al-Arm" in Yemen, against liver injury induced by dimethoate (DM) intoxication in male guinea pigs. MATERIALS AND METHODS Animals were divided randomly into 5 groups and kept at 5 animals per group. The first group was served as a control group and administered with vehicle orally; the group II administered with DM (14 mg kg-1; 1/25 LD50) orally. Animals of group III, IV and V were administered with 100 mg kg-1 of CE extract, 200 mg kg-1 of CE extract and 100 mg kg-1 Liv-52 orally half hour before DM administration, respectively. All the previous administrations were repeated daily for 21 days. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA using SPSS. RESULTS The DM caused a statistically significant increase in the serum level of liver enzymes (AST, ALT, ALP) when compared to control animals, whereas CE and Liv-52 pre-treatment to the DM-intoxicated animals resulted in a significant normalization of the activities of enzymes. Similarly, a significant increase in lipid peroxidation (LPO) level, while induced significant decreases in the activities of liver catalase (CAT) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST). In contrast, co-administration of CE and Liv-52 to DM-treated animals restored most of these biochemical parameters to nearly normal levels. Histopathological examination of intoxicated animals showed many tissues alterations such as; vasodilation, hemorrhage, cytoplasmic vacuolization, inflammation and nuclear pyknosis indicating liver damage, while the animals received CE or Liv-52 showed less pathological effects when compared to animals treated with DM alone. CONCLUSION The biochemical and histological results confirmed the hepatoprotective effect of ethanolic extract of CE against DM-induced hepatotoxicity in male guinea pigs.
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Christen V, Joho Y, Vogel M, Fent K. Transcriptional and physiological effects of the pyrethroid deltamethrin and the organophosphate dimethoate in the brain of honey bees (Apis mellifera). Environ Pollut 2019; 244:247-256. [PMID: 30340169 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The pyrethroid deltamethrin and the organophosphate insecticide dimethoate are widely used in agriculture and in urban areas. Both plant protection products (PPPs) unintendedly result in adverse effects in pollinators. Currently, the sublethal effects of both compounds are poorly known, particularly on the molecular and biochemical level. Here we analysed effects of deltamethrin and dimethoate at environmental and sublethal concentrations in honey bee workers by focusing on transcriptional changes of target genes in the brain. In addition, expression of vitellogenin protein and activity of acetylcholinesterase were assessed upon dimethoate exposure to assess physiological effects. Deltamethrin resulted in induction of the cyp9q2 transcript at 0.53 ng/bee, while dimethoate led to induction of vitellogenin on the mRNA and protein level at 2 ng/bee. Transcripts of additional cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenases (cyps) and genes related to immune system regulation were not differentially expressed upon PPP exposure. Dimethoate but not deltamethrin led to a strong and concentration-related inhibition of the acetylcholinesterase at 2 and 20 ng/bee. Our data demonstrate that deltamethrin and dimethoate exhibit transcriptional effects at environmental concentrations in the brain of honey bees. Dimethoate also strongly affected physiological traits, which may translate to adverse effects in forager bees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Christen
- University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, School of Life Sciences, Langackerstrasse 30, CH-4132, Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - Yvonne Joho
- University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, School of Life Sciences, Langackerstrasse 30, CH-4132, Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - Maren Vogel
- University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, School of Life Sciences, Langackerstrasse 30, CH-4132, Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - Karl Fent
- University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, School of Life Sciences, Langackerstrasse 30, CH-4132, Muttenz, Switzerland; Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zürich (ETH Zürich), Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollution Dynamics, CH-8092, Zürich, Switzerland.
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Horton AA, Vijver MG, Lahive E, Spurgeon DJ, Svendsen C, Heutink R, van Bodegom PM, Baas J. Acute toxicity of organic pesticides to Daphnia magna is unchanged by co-exposure to polystyrene microplastics. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2018; 166:26-34. [PMID: 30243044 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.09.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Daphnia magna were exposed to two pesticides in the presence or absence of microplastics (300 000 particles ml-1 1 µm polystyrene spheres) and to microplastics alone. The pesticides were dimethoate, an organophosphate insecticide with a low log Kow, and deltamethrin, a pyrethroid insecticide with a high log Kow. Daphnia were exposed to a nominal concentration range of 0.15, 0.31, 0.63, 1.25, 2.5, 5 mg l-1 dimethoate and 0.016, 0.08, 0.4, 2, 5 and 10 µg l-1 deltamethrin. Exposure to polystyrene microplastics alone showed no effects on Daphnia magna survival and mobility over a 72 h exposure. In the dimethoate exposures, mobility and survival were both affected from a concentration of 1.25 mg l-1, with effects were seen on mobility from 28 h and survival from 48 h, with greater effects seen with increasing concentration and exposure time. In deltamethrin exposures, survival was affected from a concentration of 0.4 µg l-1 and mobility from a concentration of 0.08 µg l-1. Effects of deltamethrin on mobility were seen from 5 h and on survival from 28 h, with greater effects on survival and mobility seen with increasing concentration and exposure time. Contrary to expectations, pesticide toxicity to Daphnia magna was not affected by the presence of microplastics, regardless of chemical binding affinity (log Kow). This therefore suggests that polystyrene microplastics are unlikely to act as a significant sink, nor as a vector for increased uptake of pesticides by aquatic organisms. CAPSULE: Polystyrene microplastics are unlikely to act as vector for increased uptake of pesticides by aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice A Horton
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Wallingford Oxfordshire OX10 8BB, UK; Institute of Environmental Sciences, University of Leiden, P.O. Box 9518, 2300 RA Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Martina G Vijver
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, University of Leiden, P.O. Box 9518, 2300 RA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Elma Lahive
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Wallingford Oxfordshire OX10 8BB, UK
| | - David J Spurgeon
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Wallingford Oxfordshire OX10 8BB, UK
| | - Claus Svendsen
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Wallingford Oxfordshire OX10 8BB, UK
| | - Roel Heutink
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, University of Leiden, P.O. Box 9518, 2300 RA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Peter M van Bodegom
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, University of Leiden, P.O. Box 9518, 2300 RA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Baas
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Wallingford Oxfordshire OX10 8BB, UK; Institute of Environmental Sciences, University of Leiden, P.O. Box 9518, 2300 RA Leiden, the Netherlands
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Arena M, Auteri D, Barmaz S, Brancato A, Brocca D, Bura L, Carrasco Cabrera L, Chiusolo A, Civitella C, Court Marques D, Crivellente F, Ctverackova L, De Lentdecker C, Egsmose M, Erdos Z, Fait G, Ferreira L, Greco L, Ippolito A, Istace F, Jarrah S, Kardassi D, Leuschner R, Lostia A, Lythgo C, Magrans JO, Medina P, Mineo D, Miron I, Molnar T, Padovani L, Parra Morte JM, Pedersen R, Reich H, Sacchi A, Santos M, Serafimova R, Sharp R, Stanek A, Streissl F, Sturma J, Szentes C, Tarazona J, Terron A, Theobald A, Vagenende B, Van Dijk J, Villamar-Bouza L. Peer review of the pesticide risk assessment of the active substance dimethoate. EFSA J 2018; 16:e05454. [PMID: 32625730 PMCID: PMC7009644 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2018.5454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The conclusions of EFSA following the peer review of the initial risk assessments carried out by the competent authorities of the rapporteur Member State Italy and co‐rapporteur Member State Bulgaria for the pesticide active substance dimethoate are reported. The context of the peer review was that required by Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 844/2012. The conclusions were reached on the basis of the evaluation of the representative uses of dimethoate as insecticide on wheat and sugar beet. The reliable end points, appropriate for use in regulatory risk assessment, are presented. Missing information identified as being required by the regulatory framework is listed. Concerns are identified.
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Shadegan MR, Banaee M. Effects of dimethoate alone and in combination with Bacilar fertilizer on oxidative stress in common carp, Cyprinus carpio. Chemosphere 2018; 208:101-107. [PMID: 29860141 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.05.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Insecticides and fertilizers are the most common agrochemicals that enter aquatic ecosystems from farmlands via different ways and consequently affect fish. In this study, effects of dimethoate, and Bacilar, as a bio-fertilizer, on oxidative stress and biochemical parameters were measured in common carp. For this purpose, fish were exposed to 16 and 32 μg L-1 dimethoate, 0.1 and 0.2 ml L-1 Bacilar and the mixtures of both compounds for 14 days. The results showed that Bacilar increased aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and LDH in gills, AST in liver and the activity of catalase (CAT) (0.2 ml L-1) in kidney, but decreased the activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and glucose 6-phsphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) in liver. Dimethoate, alone or in combination with Bacilar, significantly increased LDH, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), AST and CAT activities in gills. Fish exposure to dimethoate, alone or in combination with Bacilar, resulted in a significant decrease in LDH, G6PDH activities, total antioxidant (TA) and glycogen levels in liver and TA in kidney. A significant increase was observed in malondialdehyde (MDA), ALP, AST, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and CAT activity in liver and kidney of fish exposed to dimethoate alone or in combination with Bacilar. The results showed that cytotoxicity of Bacilar and dimethoate combination depended on their concentrations. Higher concentrations of Bacilar induced significant changes in some biochemical parameters. Dimethoate or/and Bacilar, in sub-lethal concentrations, induced oxidative damages in fish. Finally, these data support the hypothesis that changes in biochemical parameters were induced by exposure to dimethoate and/or Bacilar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Rezaei Shadegan
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Resources and the Environment, Behbahan Khatam Alanbia University of Technology, Iran
| | - Mahdi Banaee
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Behbahan Khatam Alanbia University of Technology, Iran.
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Martínez-Morcillo S, Pérez-López M, Soler-Rodríguez F, González A. The organophosphorus pesticide dimethoate decreases cell viability and induces changes in different biochemical parameters of rat pancreatic stellate cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2018; 54:89-97. [PMID: 30243730 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2018.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In the present study we employed cultured pancreatic stellate cells to study the effect of the organophosphorus insecticide dimethoate on pancreatic cell physiology. Esterase activity, cell viability, reactive oxygen species generation and Ca2+ mobilization were examined. Our results show that dimethoate (0.1, 1 and 10 μM) induced a concentration-dependent inhibition of cholinesterase enzymatic activity at all concentrations tested. A drop in carboxylesterase activity was noted in the presence of 10 μM dimethoate. In the presence of the pesticide a decrease in cell viability was detected. The clearer effect could be observed when the cells had been incubated during 96 h in the presence of dimethoate. The pesticide induced a slight but statistically significant increase in the production of reactive oxygen species in the mitochondria. Incubation of cells with dimethoate, in the presence of Ca2+ in the extracellular medium, led to a slow and progressive increase in [Ca2+]c towards an elevated value over the prestimulation level. A similar behavior was observed in the absence of extracellular Ca2+, indicating that dimethoate releases Ca2+ from the intracellular stores. Our results suggest that dimethoate might alter intracellular pathways that are critical for pancreatic physiology, creating a situation potentially leading to dysfunction in the exocrine pancreas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcos Pérez-López
- Unit of Toxicology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Extremadura, Caceres, Spain.
| | | | - Antonio González
- Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, University of Extremadura, Caceres, Spain.
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46
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Hassen W, Neifar M, Cherif H, Mahjoubi M, Souissi Y, Raddadi N, Fava F, Cherif A. Assessment of genetic diversity and bioremediation potential of pseudomonads isolated from pesticide-contaminated artichoke farm soils. 3 Biotech 2018; 8:263. [PMID: 29805953 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-018-1256-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
A total of 68 dimethoate and pentachlorophenol-tolerant rhizobacteria, isolated from a pesticide-contaminated agricultural soil, have been identified and typed by means of 16S-23S rRNA internal transcribed spacers analysis (ITS-PCR), 16S rRNA gene sequencing and by repetitive extragenic palindromic (BOX-PCR). The majority of bacterial isolates (84.31%) belonged to Proteobacteria (with a predominance of Gammaproteobacteria, 72.54%), while the remaining isolates were affiliated with Firmicutes (9.80%), Bacteroidetes (1.96%) and Actinobacteria (3.92%). The pesticide-tolerant bacterial isolates belonged to 11 genera, namely Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Acinetobacter, Flavobacterium, Comamonas, Achromobacter, Rhodococcus, Ochrobactrum, Aquamicrobium, Bordetella and Microbacterium. Within the well-represented genus Pseudomonas (n = 36), the most common species was Pseudomonas putida (n = 32). The efficacy of the selected strain, Pseudomonas putida S148, was further investigated for biodegradation of pentachlorophenol (PCP) in minimal medium, when used as a sole carbon and energy source. At an initial concentration of 100 mg/L, P. putida S148 degraded 91% of PCP after 7 days. GC-MS analyses revealed the formation of tetrachlorohydroquinone, tri- and di-chlorophenols as biodechlorination products in PCP remediation experiments. The toxicity estimation showed that 50% lethal concentration (LC50) and 50% growth inhibition concentration (IGC50) obtained values for the major identified compounds (2,3,4,6 tetrachlorophenol, 2,3,5,6 tetrachlorophenol and tetrachlorohydroquinone) were higher than those estimated for the PCP indicating that the metabolites are less toxic than the original compound for those specific organisms. S148 strain could be added to pesticide-contaminated agricultural soils as a bacterial inoculant for its potential to improve soil quality.
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Yahia D, Ali MF. Assessment of neurohepatic DNA damage in male Sprague-Dawley rats exposed to organophosphates and pyrethroid insecticides. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2018; 25:15616-15629. [PMID: 29572745 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-1776-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The current work was undertaken to test the genotoxic potential of chlorpyrifos (CPF), dimethoate, and lambda cyhalothrin (LCT) insecticides in rat brain and liver using the single cell gel electrophoresis (comet assay). Three groups of adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed orally to one third LD50of CPF, dimethoate, or LCT for 24 and 48 h while the control group received corn oil. Serum samples were collected for estimation of malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx); the brain and liver samples were used for comet assay and for histopathological examination. Results showed that signs of neurotoxicity appeared clinically as backward stretching of hind limb and splayed gait in dimethoate and LCT groups, respectively. CPF, LCT, and dimethoate induced oxidative stress indicated by increased MDA and decreased GPx levels. CPF and LCT caused severe DNA damage in the brain and liver at 24 and 48 h indicated by increased percentage of DNA in tail, tail length, tail moment, and olive tail moment. Dimethoate induced mild DNA damage in the brain and liver at 48 h. Histopathological changes were observed in the cerebrum, cerebellum, and liver of exposed rats. The results concluded that CPF, LCT, and dimethoate insecticides induced oxidative stress and DNA damage associated with histological changes in the brain and liver of exposed rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doha Yahia
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
| | - Marwa F Ali
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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Mesallam DIA, Abdel Hamid OI, Ibrahem NE. Ethanolic extract of fenugreek seeds moderates dimethoate-induced pancreatic damage in male rats. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2018; 25:3894-3904. [PMID: 29177779 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0749-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Dimethoate is a widely used organophosphate insecticide known to be toxic to the pancreas. The aim of this study is to detect the possible protective effects of the fenugreek seed ethanolic extract on the biochemical, histological, and ultra-structural abnormalities induced by dimethoate chronic exposure in the pancreas of adult male rats. The study was conducted on 50 adult male albino rats that were divided equally into 5 groups: (group I) negative control, (group II) vehicle control group, (group III) fenugreek-treated group that was given 400 mg/kg ethanolic fenugreek seed extract once daily, (group IV) dimethoate group received 20 mg/kg/day dimethoate, and (group V) dimethoate- + fenugreek-treated group received a combination of dimethoate and fenugreek in the same previous doses. Dimethoate treatment caused a significant increase in serum glucose, amylase, and lipase levels and a significant decrease in serum insulin. A significant increase in lipid peroxidation and pro-fibrotic cytokine (TGF-β1) together with a significant reduction of the antioxidant {reduced glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD)} activities and the anti-inflammatory (IL-4) in pancreatic tissues was also recorded. There was a histological and ultra-structural evidence of pancreatic acinar and islet cell injury. The recorded abnormalities were reversed in dimethoate+fenugreek treated group indicating that fenugreek ethanolic extract can serve as an antidote for dimethoate-induced pancreatic insult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia I A Mesallam
- Forensic Medicine & Clinical Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Omaima I Abdel Hamid
- Forensic Medicine & Clinical Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
| | - Nahla E Ibrahem
- Histology & Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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Fort DJ, Mathis MB, Kee F, Whatling P, Clerkin D, Staveley J, Habig C. Evaluation of an acute oral gavage method for assessment of pesticide toxicity in terrestrial amphibians. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018; 37:436-450. [PMID: 28865127 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Development of an acute oral toxicity test with a terrestrial-phase amphibian was considered necessary to remove the uncertainty within the field of agrochemical risk assessments. The bullfrog (Lithobates catesbeianus) was selected for use as it is a representative of the family Ranidae and historically this species has been used as an amphibian test model species. Prior to definitive study, oral gavage methods were developed with fenthion and tetraethyl pyrophosphate. Dimethoate and malathion were subsequently tested with both male and female juvenile bullfrogs in comprehensive acute oral median lethal dose (LD50) studies. Juvenile bullfrogs were administered a single dose of the test article via oral gavage of a single gelatin capsule of dimethoate technical (dimethoate) or neat liquid Fyfanon® Technical (synonym malathion), returned to their respective aquaria, and monitored for survival for 14 d. The primary endpoint was mortality, whereas behavioral responses, food consumption, body weight, and snout-vent length (SVL) were used to evaluate indications of sublethal toxicity (secondary endpoints). Acute oral LD50 values (95% fiducial interval) for dimethoate were 1459 (1176-1810, males) and 1528 (1275-1831, females), and for malathion they were 1829 (1480-2259, males) and 1672 (1280-2183, females) mg active substance/kg body weight, respectively. Based on the results of these studies, the methodology for the acute oral gavage administration of test items to terrestrial-phase amphibians was demonstrated as being a practical method of providing data for risk assessments. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:436-450. © 2017 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas J Fort
- Fort Environmental Laboratories, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Clifford Habig
- Compliance Services International, West Lakewood, Washington, USA
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50
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Cardoso DN, Silva ARR, Cruz A, Lourenço J, Neves J, Malheiro C, Mendo S, Soares AMVM, Loureiro S. The comet assay in Folsomia candida: A suitable approach to assess genotoxicity in collembolans. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017; 36:2514-2520. [PMID: 28411389 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The present study shows the comet assay technique being successfully applied for the first time to one of the most widely used soil organisms in standardized ecotoxicological tests, Folsomia candida, providing a step forward in assessing the genotoxicity induced by xenobiotics. Because collembolans have a high content of chitin, a new methodology was developed in which the heads of the collembolans were separated from the rest of the body, allowing the hemolymph to leak out. This procedure allows the cells to be released, and after lysis the genetic material is available for the comet assay. Among other key procedures, the use of 30 organisms (20- to 22-d-old adults) per replicate and the correct amount of cells with genetic material (translated as 10 μL of suspension) applied on the agarose gel were determinants for the success of the results obtained. The methodology was validated by exposing F. candida to a representative metallic element (cadmium) and a representative of organophosphates, the insecticide dimethoate, for a shorter time period of 10 d, compared with the 28 d for the International Organization for Standardization 11267 method. Within this method, the relatively low percentage of DNA damage (30%) observed in controls and the significant increase in terms of percentage of DNA damage for almost all the concentrations of dimethoate and Cd (reaching 52% and 56% of damage in the highest concentrations, respectively) confirmed the genotoxic effect of both compounds and validated this technique. The comet assay proved to be a sensitive technique to detect DNA strand breaks in collembolans' cells. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:2514-2520. © 2017 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo N Cardoso
- Department of Biology & Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana Rita R Silva
- Department of Biology & Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Andreia Cruz
- Department of Biology & Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Joana Lourenço
- Department of Biology & Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Joana Neves
- Department of Biology & Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Catarina Malheiro
- Department of Biology & Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Sónia Mendo
- Department of Biology & Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Amadeu M V M Soares
- Department of Biology & Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Susana Loureiro
- Department of Biology & Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
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