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Wang Y, Li HT, Liu G, Jiang CS, Ni YH, Zeng JH, Lin X, Wang QY, Li DZ, Wang W, Zeng XP. COMP promotes pancreatic fibrosis by activating pancreatic stellate cells through CD36-ERK/AKT signaling pathways. Cell Signal 2024; 118:111135. [PMID: 38479555 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2024.111135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic fibrosis is one of the most important pathological features of chronic pancreatitis (CP) and pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) are the key cells of fibrosis. As an extracellular matrix (ECM) glycoprotein, cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) is critical for collagen assembly and ECM stability and recent studies showed that COMP exert promoting fibrosis effect in the skin, lungs and liver. However, the role of COMP in activation of PSCs and pancreatic fibrosis remain unclear. We aimed to investigate the role and specific mechanisms of COMP in regulating the profibrotic phenotype of PSCs and pancreatic fibrosis. METHODS ELISA method was used to determine serum COMP in patients with CP. Mice model of CP was established by repeated intraperitoneal injection of cerulein and pancreatic fibrosis was evaluated by Hematoxylin-Eosin staining (H&E) and Sirius red staining. Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the expression changes of COMP and fibrosis marker such as α-SMA and Fibronectin in pancreatic tissue of mice. Cell Counting Kit-8, Wound Healing and Transwell assessed the proliferation and migration of human pancreatic stellate cells (HPSCs). Western blotting, qRT-PCR and immunofluorescence staining were performed to detect the expression of fibrosis marker, AKT and MAPK family proteins in HPSCs. RNA-seq omics analysis as well as small interfering RNA of COMP, recombinant human COMP (rCOMP), MEK inhibitors and PI3K inhibitors were used to study the effect and mechanism of COMP on activation of HPSCs. RESULTS ELISA showed that the expression of COMP significantly increased in the serum of CP patients. H&E and Sirius red staining analysis showed that there was a large amount of collagen deposition in the mice in the CP model group and high expression of COMP, α-SMA, Fibronectin and Vimentin were observed in fibrotic tissues. TGF-β1 stimulates the activation of HPSCs and increases the expression of COMP. Knockdown of COMP inhibited proliferation and migration of HPSCs. Further, RNA-seq omics analysis and validation experiments in vitro showed that rCOMP could significantly promote the proliferation and activation of HPSCs, which may be due to promoting the phosphorylation of ERK and AKT through membrane protein receptor CD36. rCOMP simultaneously increased the expression of α-SMA, Fibronectin and Collagen I in HPSCs. CONCLUSION In conclusion, this study showed that COMP was up-regulated in CP fibrotic tissues and COMP induced the activation, proliferation and migration of PSCs through the CD36-ERK/AKT signaling pathway. COMP may be a potential therapeutic candidate for the treatment of CP. Interfering with the expression of COMP or the communication between COMP and CD36 on PSCs may be the next direction for therapeutic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Department of Digestive Diseases, 900TH Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China; College of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hai-Tao Li
- Department of Digestive Diseases, 900TH Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China; College of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China; Department of Digestive Diseases, Fuzong Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Department of Digestive Diseases, Dongfang Hospital, Xiamen University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Digestive Diseases, 900TH Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China; College of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China; Department of Digestive Diseases, Fuzong Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Department of Digestive Diseases, Dongfang Hospital, Xiamen University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chuan-Shen Jiang
- Department of Digestive Diseases, 900TH Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China; College of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China; Department of Digestive Diseases, Fuzong Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Department of Digestive Diseases, Dongfang Hospital, Xiamen University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yan-Hong Ni
- Department of Digestive Diseases, 900TH Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China; College of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jing-Hui Zeng
- Department of Presbyatrics, 900TH Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xia Lin
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Fuzong Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qing-Yun Wang
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Dongfang Hospital, Xiamen University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Da-Zhou Li
- Department of Digestive Diseases, 900TH Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China; College of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China; Department of Digestive Diseases, Fuzong Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Department of Digestive Diseases, Dongfang Hospital, Xiamen University, Fuzhou, China.
| | - Wen Wang
- Department of Digestive Diseases, 900TH Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China; College of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China; Department of Digestive Diseases, Fuzong Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Department of Digestive Diseases, Dongfang Hospital, Xiamen University, Fuzhou, China.
| | - Xiang-Peng Zeng
- Department of Digestive Diseases, 900TH Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China; College of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China; Department of Digestive Diseases, Fuzong Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Department of Digestive Diseases, Dongfang Hospital, Xiamen University, Fuzhou, China.
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Magni L, Yu H, Christensen NM, Poulsen MH, Frueh A, Deshar G, Johansen AZ, Johansen JS, Pless SA, Jørgensen NR, Novak I. Human P2X7 receptor variants Gly150Arg and Arg276His polymorphisms have differential effects on risk association and cellular functions in pancreatic cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2024; 24:148. [PMID: 38664691 PMCID: PMC11044319 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-024-03339-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purinergic P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) plays an important role in the crosstalk between pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) and cancer cells, thus promoting progression of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the P2X7R have been reported for several cancers, but have not been explored in PDAC. MATERIALS AND METHODS Blood samples from PDAC patients and controls were genotyped for 11 non-synonymous SNPs in P2X7R and a risk analysis was performed. Relevant P2X7R-SNP GFP variants were expressed in PSCs and cancer cells and their function was assayed in the following tests. Responses in Ca2+ were studied with Fura-2 and dye uptake with YO-PRO-1. Cell migration was monitored by fluorescence microscopy. Released cytokines were measured with MSD assay. RESULTS Risk analysis showed that two SNPs 474G>A and 853G>A (rs28360447, rs7958316), that lead to the Gly150Arg and Arg276His variants, had a significant but opposite risk association with PDAC development, protecting against and predisposing to the disease, respectively. In vitro experiments performed on cancer cells and PSCs expressing the Gly150Arg variant showed reduced intracellular Ca2+ response, fluorescent dye uptake, and cell migration, while the Arg276His variant reduced dye uptake but displayed WT-like Ca2+ responses. As predicted, P2X7R was involved in cytokine release (IL-6, IL-1β, IL-8, TNF-α), but the P2X7R inhibitors displayed varied effects. CONCLUSION In conclusion, we provide evidence for the P2X7R SNPs association with PDAC and propose that they could be considered as potential biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Magni
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 13, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Haoran Yu
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 13, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Nynne M Christensen
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 13, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Mette H Poulsen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alexander Frueh
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 13, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Ganga Deshar
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 13, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Astrid Z Johansen
- Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Julia S Johansen
- Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
- Department of Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev and Gentofte, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Stephan A Pless
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Niklas R Jørgensen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ivana Novak
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 13, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
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Zhou Z, Zhang L, Wei X, Wang A, Hu Y, Xiao M, Zheng Y. 1,25(OH) 2D 3 inhibits pancreatic stellate cells activation and promotes insulin secretion in T2DM. Endocrine 2024:10.1007/s12020-024-03833-0. [PMID: 38656750 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-024-03833-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the effect and mechanism of 1,25(OH)2D3 on pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS A mouse model of T2DM was successfully established by high-fat diet (HFD) /streptozotocin (STZ) and administered 1,25(OH)2D3 for 3 weeks. Fasting blood glucose (FBG), glycated hemoglobin A1c (GHbA1c), insulin (INS) and glucose tolerance were measured. Histopathology changes and fibrosis of pancreas were examined by hematoxylin and eosin staining and Masson staining. Mouse PSCs were extracted, co-cultured with mouse insulinoma β cells (MIN6 cells) and treated with 1,25(OH)2D3. ELISA detection of inflammatory factor expression. Tissue reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were also measured. Immunofluorescence or Western blotting were used to measure fibrosis and inflammation-related protein expression. RESULTS PSCs activation and islets fibrosis in T2DM mice. Elevated blood glucose was accompanied by significant increases in serum inflammatory cytokines and tissue ROS levels. 1,25(OH)2D3 attenuated islet fibrosis by reducing hyperglycemia, ROS levels, and inflammatory factors expression. Additionally, the co-culture system confirmed that 1,25(OH)2D3 inhibited PSCs activation, reduced the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, down-regulated the expression of fibrosis and inflammation-related proteins, and promoted insulin secretion. CONCLUSION Our findings identify that PSCs activation contributes to islet fibrosis and β-cell dysfunction. 1,25(OH)2D3 exerts beneficial effects on T2DM potentially by inhibiting PSCs activation and inflammatory response, highlighting promising control strategies of T2DM by vitamin D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyu Zhou
- Laboratory Animal Center of Suzhou Medical college, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Lewen Zhang
- Laboratory Animal Center of Suzhou Medical college, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xun Wei
- Center of Laboratory Animal, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Aiqing Wang
- Suzhou Medical college of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yudie Hu
- Laboratory Animal Center of Suzhou Medical college, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Min Xiao
- Laboratory Animal Center of Suzhou Medical college, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yuxuan Zheng
- Laboratory Animal Center of Suzhou Medical college, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Li Y, Zheng Y, Xu S, Hu H, Peng L, Zhu J, Wu M. The nanobody targeting PD-L1 and CXCR4 counteracts pancreatic stellate cell-mediated tumour progression by disrupting tumour microenvironment. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 132:111944. [PMID: 38581990 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the most lethal malignancy worldwide owing to its complex tumour microenvironment and dense physical barriers. Stromal-derived factor-1 (SDF-1), which is abundantly secreted by tumour stromal cells, plays a pivotal role in promoting PDAC growth and metastasis. In this study, we investigated the impact and molecular mechanisms of the anti-PD-L1&CXCR4 bispecific nanobody on the TME and their consequent interference with PDAC progression. We found that blocking the SDF-1/CXCR4 signalling pathway delayed the epithelial-mesenchymal transition in pancreatic cancer cells. Anti-PD-L1&CXCR4 bispecific nanobody effectively suppress the secretion of SDF-1 by pancreatic stellate cells and downregulate the expression of smooth muscle actin alpha(α-SMA), thereby preventing the activation of cancer-associated fibroblasts by downregulating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. This improves the pancreatic tumour microenvironment, favouring the infiltration of T cells into the tumour tissue. In conclusion, our results suggest that the anti-PD-L1&CXCR4 bispecific nanobody exerts an antitumor immune response by changing the pancreatic tumour microenvironment. Hence, the anti-PD-L1&CXCR4 bispecific nanobody is a potential candidate for pancreatic cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxian Li
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuejiang Zheng
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuyi Xu
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hai Hu
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Liyun Peng
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianwei Zhu
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingyuan Wu
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China.
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5
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Shen J, Xiao W, Zong G, Song P, Wang C, Bao J, Peng Q, Mei Z, Wang J, Wang R, Jiang J, Wan R, Ni J, Wang X, Hu G. Calpain Inhibitor Calpeptin Improves Pancreatic Fibrosis in Mice with Chronic Pancreatitis by Inhibiting the Activation of Pancreatic Stellate Cells. Curr Mol Pharmacol 2024; 17:CMP-EPUB-137218. [PMID: 38258594 DOI: 10.2174/0118761429241425231107044453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic fibrosis is a hallmark feature of chronic pancreatitis (CP), resulting in persistent damage to the pancreas. The sustained activation of pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) plays a pivotal role in the progression of pancreatic fibrosis and is a major source of extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition during pancreatic injury. METHODS Calpain is a calcium-independent lysosomal neutral cysteine endopeptidase and was found to be correlated to various fibrotic diseases. Studies have revealed that calpeptin, a calpain inhibitor, can improve the fibrosis process of multiple organs. This study investigated the effect of the calpain inhibitor, calpeptin, on fibrosis in experimental CP and activation of cultured PSCs in mice. CP was induced in mice by repeated injections of cerulein for four weeks in vivo, and the activation process of mouse PSCs was isolated and cultured in vitro. Then, the inhibitory effect of calpeptin on pancreatic fibrosis was confirmed based on the histological damage of CP, the expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and collagen-Iα1(Col1α1), and the decrease in mRNA levels of calpain-1 and calpain-2. RESULTS In addition, it was revealed that calpeptin can inhibit the activation process of PSCs and induce significant PSCs apoptosis by downregulating the expression of calpain-1, calpain-2 and TGF-β1, and the expression and phosphorylation of smad3 in vitro. CONCLUSION These results suggest that the calpain inhibitor, calpeptin, plays a key role in the regulation of PSC activation by inhibiting the TGF-β1/smad3 signaling pathway, which supports the potential of calpeptin as an inhibitor of pancreatic fibrosis in mice by interfering with calpain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Institute of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenqin Xiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Institute of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guanzhao Zong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Institute of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Pengli Song
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Institute of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuanyang Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Institute of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingpiao Bao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Institute of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Peng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Institute of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhu Mei
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Institute of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Institute of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruiyan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Institute of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Institute of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Wan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Institute of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianbo Ni
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Institute of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingpeng Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Institute of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoyong Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Institute of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Chakkera M, Foote JB, Farran B, Nagaraju GP. Breaking the stromal barrier in pancreatic cancer: Advances and challenges. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2024; 1879:189065. [PMID: 38160899 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.189065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) remains a leading cause of mortality worldwide due to the absence of early detection methods and the low success rates of traditional therapeutic strategies. Drug resistance in PC is driven by its desmoplastic stroma, which creates a barrier that shields cancer niches and prevents the penetration of drugs. The PC stroma comprises heterogeneous cellular populations and non-cellular components involved in aberrant ECM deposition, immunosuppression, and drug resistance. These components can influence PC development through intricate and complex crosstalk with the PC cells. Understanding how stromal components and cells interact with and influence the invasiveness and refractoriness of PC cells is thus a prerequisite for developing successful stroma-modulating strategies capable of remodeling the PC stroma to alleviate drug resistance and enhance therapeutic outcomes. In this review, we explore how non-cellular and cellular stromal components, including cancer-associated fibroblasts and tumor-associated macrophages, contribute to the immunosuppressive and tumor-promoting effects of the stroma. We also examine the signaling pathways underlying their activation, tumorigenic effects, and interactions with PC cells. Finally, we discuss recent pre-clinical and clinical work aimed at developing and testing novel stroma-modulating agents to alleviate drug resistance and improve therapeutic outcomes in PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohana Chakkera
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Jeremy B Foote
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Batoul Farran
- Department of Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Ganji Purnachandra Nagaraju
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA.
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Apte M. A journey to and with the stars: The pancreatic stellate cell story. Pancreatology 2023; 23:893-899. [PMID: 37973449 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2023.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
The George E Palade Prize is the highest honour awarded by the International Association of Pancreatology, that recognises an individual who has made outstanding contributions to the understanding of the pancreas and pancreatic diseases. The 2023 Palade Prize was awarded to Professor Minoti Apte, University of New South Wales Sydney on September 16, 2023 during the Joint Meeting of the International Association of Pancreatology and the Indian Pancreas Club, held in Delhi, India. This paper summarises her Palade lecture wherein she reflects on her journey as a medical graduate, an academic and a researcher, with a particular focus on her team's pioneering work on pancreatic stellate cell biology and the role of these cells in health and disease. While there has been much progress in this field with the efforts of researchers worldwide, there is much still to be learned; thus it is a topic with ample scope for innovative research with the potential to translate into better outcomes for patients with pancreatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minoti Apte
- Pancreatic Research Group, South Western Sydney Clinical Campuses, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales Sydney and Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, Sydney, Australia.
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8
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Huang BW, Wang PY, Hu LH. Transcriptional regulation of pancreatic stellate cell activation in chronic pancreatitis. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2023; 31:877-881. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v31.i21.877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic fibrosis is an important feature in the occurrence and development of chronic pancreatitis (CP), and activated pancreatic stellate cells (PSC) play an important role in the progression of pancreatic fibrosis. In recent years, more and more signaling pathways related to pancreatic fibrosis have been found. These signaling pathways regulate the activation of pancreatic stellate cells through transcription factors, thereby affecting pancreatic fibrosis and the progression of CP. This article reviews the progress in the research of the signaling pathways and related transcription factors involved in PSC activation in pancreatic fibrosis, hoping to provide ideas for further understanding the mechanism and therapeutic targets of pancreatic fibrosis in CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bang-Wei Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Peng-Yuan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The 981st Hospital, Chengde 067000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Liang-Hao Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
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Han C, Wang LJ, Dong ZQ, Wang PY, Lv YW, Wang D, Hu LH. Nintedanib Alleviates Chronic Pancreatitis by Inhibiting the Activation of Pancreatic Stellate Cells via the JAK/STAT3 and ERK1/2 Pathways. Dig Dis Sci 2023; 68:3644-3659. [PMID: 37526905 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-023-08052-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nintedanib (Ninte) has been approved for the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis, and whether it can ameliorate chronic pancreatitis (CP) is unknown. AIMS This study was conducted to investigate the effect and molecular mechanism of Ninte on pancreatic fibrosis and inflammation in vivo and in vitro. METHODS The caerulein-induced CP model of murine was applied, and Ninte was orally administered. Pathological changes in pancreas were evaluated using hematoxylin & eosin, Sirius Red, Masson's trichrome, and anti-Ki-67 staining. For in vitro studies, the effects of Ninte on cell viability, apoptosis, and migration of pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) were determined by CCK-8, flow cytometry, and wound healing assays, respectively. The potential molecular mechanisms of the effects of Ninte on PSCs were analyzed by RNA-Seq and verified at the gene expression and protein activity levels by qRT-PCR and Western Blot. RESULTS Ninte significantly alleviated the weight loss in mice with caerulein-induced CP and simultaneously attenuated the pancreatic damage, as evidenced by reduced acinar atrophy, collagen deposition, infiltration of inflammatory cells, and inhibited cell proliferation/regeneration. Besides, Ninte markedly suppressed the transcription of fibrogenic and proinflammatory genes in pancreatic tissues. Further in vitro studies showed that Ninte significantly inhibited the transcription and protein expression of genes corresponding to fibrogenesis and proliferation in PSCs. The results of RNA-Seq analysis and subsequent verification assays indicated that Ninte inhibited the activation and proliferation of PSCs via the JAK/STAT3 and ERK1/2 pathways. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that Ninte may be a potential anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic therapeutic agent for CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Han
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- The Hospital of 91876 Troops of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Qinhuangdao, 066299, Hebei, China
| | - Li-Juan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- Shanghai Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Zhi-Qi Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200434, China
| | - Peng-Yuan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- Shanghai Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yan-Wei Lv
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- Shanghai Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- Shanghai Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Liang-Hao Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
- National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation, Naval Medical University, 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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10
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Sarkar R, Xu Z, Perera CJ, Apte MV. Emerging role of pancreatic stellate cell-derived extracellular vesicles in pancreatic cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2023; 93:114-122. [PMID: 37225047 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2023.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly aggressive cancer that is characterised by a prominent collagenous stromal reaction/desmoplasia surrounding tumour cells. Pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) are responsible for the production of this stroma and have been shown to facilitate PDAC progression. Recently, extracellular vesicles (EVs), in particular, small extracellular vesicles (exosomes) have been a topic of interest in the field of cancer research for their emerging roles in cancer progression and diagnosis. EVs act as a form of intercellular communication by carrying their molecular cargo from one cell to another, regulating functions of the recipient cells. Although the knowledge of the bi-directional interactions between the PSCs and cancer cells that promote disease progression has advanced significantly over the past decade, studies on PSC-derived EVs in PDAC are currently rather limited. This review provides an overview of PDAC, pancreatic stellate cells and their interactions with cancer cells, as well as the currently known role of extracellular vesicles derived from PSCs in PDAC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Sarkar
- Pancreatic Research Group, South West Sydney Clinical Campuses, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney 2052, Australia; Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, Sydney 2170, Australia
| | - Zhihong Xu
- Pancreatic Research Group, South West Sydney Clinical Campuses, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney 2052, Australia; Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, Sydney 2170, Australia
| | - Chamini J Perera
- Pancreatic Research Group, South West Sydney Clinical Campuses, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney 2052, Australia; Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, Sydney 2170, Australia.
| | - Minoti V Apte
- Pancreatic Research Group, South West Sydney Clinical Campuses, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney 2052, Australia; Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, Sydney 2170, Australia
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11
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Gerasimenko JV, Gerasimenko OV. The role of Ca 2+ signalling in the pathology of exocrine pancreas. Cell Calcium 2023; 112:102740. [PMID: 37058923 PMCID: PMC10840512 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2023.102740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Exocrine pancreas has been the field of many successful studies in pancreatic physiology and pathology. However, related disease - acute pancreatitis (AP) is still takes it toll with more than 100,000 related deaths worldwide per year. In spite of significant scientific progress and several human trials currently running for AP, there is still no specific treatment in the clinic. Studies of the mechanism of initiation of AP have identified two crucial conditions: sustained elevations of cytoplasmic calcium concentration (Ca2+ plateau) and significantly reduced intracellular energy (ATP depletion). These hallmarks are interdependent, i.e., Ca2+ plateau increase energy demand for its clearance while energy production is greatly affected by the pathology. Result of long standing Ca2+ plateau is destabilisation of the secretory granules and premature activation of the digestive enzymes leading to necrotic cell death. Main attempts so far to break the vicious circle of cell death have been concentrated on reduction of Ca2+ overload or reduction of ATP depletion. This review will summarise these approaches, including recent developments of potential therapies for AP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia V Gerasimenko
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff, Wales, CF10 3AX, United Kingdom.
| | - Oleg V Gerasimenko
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff, Wales, CF10 3AX, United Kingdom
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12
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Ni YH, Wang R, Wang W, Li DZ, Liu G, Jiang CS, Wang Y, Lin X, Zeng XP. Tcf21 Alleviates Pancreatic Fibrosis by Regulating the Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transformation of Pancreatic Stellate Cells. Dig Dis Sci 2023:10.1007/s10620-023-07849-w. [PMID: 36943591 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-023-07849-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The activation of pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) plays a key role in the occurrence and development of chronic pancreatitis (CP) and pancreatic fibrosis, which is related to the process of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). This study was designed to investigate the effect and mechanism of Tcf21 (one of tumor suppressor genes) on pancreatic inflammation and fibrosis in vivo and in vitro. METHODS C57BL/6 male mice were intraperitoneally injected with caerulein for 6 weeks to establish CP animal model. Fixed pancreatic tissue paraffin-embedded sections were used for immunohistochemistry staining of Tcf21, fibrosis-related markers (α-SMA), interstitial markers (Vimentin) and epithelial markers (E-cadherin). Western blotting and qRT-PCR assay were performed to analyze the change of expression of the above markers after stimulation of TGF-β1 or overexpressed Tcf21 lentivirus transfection in human pancreatic stellate cells (HPSCs). RESULTS The pancreatic expression of α-SMA and Vimentin of CP mice significantly increased, while the expression of Tcf21 and E-cadherin significantly decreased. TGF-β1 could promote activation and EMT process of HPSCs, and inhibited the expression of Tcf21. Overexpression of Tcf21 could significantly down-regulate the expression of α-SMA, Fibronectin and Vimentin, and up-regulated the expression of ZO-1 of HPSCs. Cell Counting Kit-8 assay and scratch wound-healing assay results showed that overexpression of Tcf21 could significantly inhibit the cell migration and proliferation of HPSCs. CONCLUSIONS Overexpression of Tcf21 could significantly alleviate the activation, proliferation, migration of PSCs by regulating the EMT process. Tcf21 had a potential prospect of a new target for CP therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Hong Ni
- Department of Digestive Diseases, 900TH Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
- College of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of Digestive Diseases, 900TH Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
- College of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Fuzong Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, 156 North Road of West No.2 Ring, Fuzhou, 350025, China
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Dongfang Hospital, Xiamen University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wen Wang
- Department of Digestive Diseases, 900TH Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
- College of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Fuzong Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, 156 North Road of West No.2 Ring, Fuzhou, 350025, China
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Dongfang Hospital, Xiamen University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Da-Zhou Li
- Department of Digestive Diseases, 900TH Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
- College of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Fuzong Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, 156 North Road of West No.2 Ring, Fuzhou, 350025, China
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Dongfang Hospital, Xiamen University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Digestive Diseases, 900TH Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
- College of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Fuzong Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, 156 North Road of West No.2 Ring, Fuzhou, 350025, China
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Dongfang Hospital, Xiamen University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chuan-Shen Jiang
- Department of Digestive Diseases, 900TH Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
- College of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Fuzong Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, 156 North Road of West No.2 Ring, Fuzhou, 350025, China
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Dongfang Hospital, Xiamen University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Digestive Diseases, 900TH Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
- College of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xia Lin
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Fuzong Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, 156 North Road of West No.2 Ring, Fuzhou, 350025, China
| | - Xiang-Peng Zeng
- Department of Digestive Diseases, 900TH Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China.
- College of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China.
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Fuzong Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, 156 North Road of West No.2 Ring, Fuzhou, 350025, China.
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Dongfang Hospital, Xiamen University, Fuzhou, China.
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13
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Amrutkar M, Berg K, Balto A, Skilbrei MG, Finstadsveen AV, Aasrum M, Gladhaug IP, Verbeke CS. Pancreatic stellate cell-induced gemcitabine resistance in pancreatic cancer is associated with LDHA- and MCT4-mediated enhanced glycolysis. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:9. [PMID: 36658582 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-02852-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Profound resistance to chemotherapy remains a major challenge in achieving better clinical outcomes for patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Recent studies indicate that gemcitabine (GEM) resistance is promoted both by pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) and through increased glycolysis. However, it remains unknown whether PSCs affect GEM sensitivity via glycolytic regulation. METHODS Human pancreatic cancer cell (PCC) lines (BxPC-3, Capan-2, HPAF-II, Mia PaCa-2, Panc-1, SW-1990) were exposed to three different PSC-conditioned media (PSC-CM; PSC-1, PSC-2, HPaSteC), following either pre-treatment with glycolysis inhibitor NV-5440 or transfection for transient silencing of key glycolytic regulators (LDHA and MCT4). Proliferation, glucose transport, extracellular lactate, and GEM sensitivity were assessed. Protein expression was determined by Western blot and immunostaining. Moreover, secreted proteins in PSC-CMs were profiled by mass spectrometry (MS). RESULTS While exposure to PSC-CMs did not affect glucose transport in PCCs, it increased their lactate release and proliferation, and reduced the sensitivity for GEM. Both NV-5440 treatment and transient silencing of LDHA and MCT4 inhibited these PSC-induced changes in PCCs. MS analysis identified 688 unique proteins with differential expression, of which only 87 were common to the three PSC-CMs. Most PSC-secreted proteins were extracellular matrix-related, including SPARC, fibronectin, and collagens. Moreover, exposure to PSC-CMs increased the phosphorylation of ERK in PCCs, but the treatment of PCCs with the MEK/ERK inhibitor PD98059 resulted in a reduction of PSC-CM-induced glycolysis and improved GEM sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS The study findings suggest that PSC-secreted factors promote both glycolysis and GEM resistance in PCCs, and that glycolysis inhibition by NV-5440 and blocking of ERK phosphorylation by PD98059 protect PCCs from PSC-CM-induced loss of GEM sensitivity. Taken together, PSCs appear to promote GEM resistance in PDAC via glycolysis. Thus, targeting glycolysis may improve the effect of chemotherapy in PDAC.
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14
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Estaras M, Ortiz-Placin C, Castillejo-Rufo A, Fernandez-Bermejo M, Blanco G, Mateos JM, Vara D, Gonzalez-Cordero PL, Chamizo S, Lopez D, Rojas A, Jaen I, de Armas N, Salido GM, Iovanna JL, Santofimia-Castaño P, Gonzalez A. Melatonin controls cell proliferation and modulates mitochondrial physiology in pancreatic stellate cells. J Physiol Biochem 2023; 79:235-249. [PMID: 36334253 PMCID: PMC9905253 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-022-00930-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
We have investigated the effects of melatonin on major pathways related with cellular proliferation and energetic metabolism in pancreatic stellate cells. In the presence of melatonin (1 mM, 100 µM, 10 µM, or 1 µM), decreases in the phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase and of p44/42 and an increase in the phosphorylation of p38 were observed. Cell viability dropped in the presence of melatonin. A rise in the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase was detected in the presence of 1 mM and 100 µM melatonin. Treatment with 1 mM melatonin decreased the phosphorylation of protein kinase B, whereas 100 µM and 10 µM melatonin increased its phosphorylation. An increase in the generation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and a decrease of mitochondrial membrane potential were noted following melatonin treatment. Basal and maximal respiration, ATP production by oxidative phosphorylation, spare capacity, and proton leak dropped in the presence of melatonin. The expression of complex I of the mitochondrial respiratory chain was augmented in the presence of melatonin. Conversely, in the presence of 1 mM melatonin, decreases in the expression of mitofusins 1 and 2 were detected. The glycolysis and the glycolytic capacity were diminished in cells treated with 1 mM or 100 µM melatonin. Increases in the expression of phosphofructokinase-1 and lactate dehydrogenase were noted in cells incubated with 100 µM, 10 µM, or 1 µM melatonin. The expression of glucose transporter 1 was increased in cells incubated with 10 µM or 1 µM melatonin. Conversely, 1 mM melatonin decreased the expression of all three proteins. Our results suggest that melatonin, at pharmacological concentrations, might modulate mitochondrial physiology and energy metabolism in addition to major pathways involved in pancreatic stellate cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matias Estaras
- grid.8393.10000000119412521Departamento de Fisiología, Instituto de Biomarcadores de Patologías Moleculares, Universidad de Extremadura, Avenida de Las Ciencias S/N, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
| | - Candido Ortiz-Placin
- grid.8393.10000000119412521Departamento de Fisiología, Instituto de Biomarcadores de Patologías Moleculares, Universidad de Extremadura, Avenida de Las Ciencias S/N, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
| | - Alba Castillejo-Rufo
- grid.8393.10000000119412521Departamento de Fisiología, Instituto de Biomarcadores de Patologías Moleculares, Universidad de Extremadura, Avenida de Las Ciencias S/N, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
| | | | - Gerardo Blanco
- Unidad de Cirugía Hepatobiliopancreática Y Transplante Hepático, Hospital Universitario, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Jose M. Mateos
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Hospital Universitario, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Daniel Vara
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Hospital Universitario, Cáceres, Spain
| | | | - Sandra Chamizo
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Hospital Universitario, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Diego Lopez
- Unidad de Cirugía Hepatobiliopancreática Y Transplante Hepático, Hospital Universitario, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Adela Rojas
- Unidad de Cirugía Hepatobiliopancreática Y Transplante Hepático, Hospital Universitario, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Isabel Jaen
- Unidad de Cirugía Hepatobiliopancreática Y Transplante Hepático, Hospital Universitario, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Noelia de Armas
- Unidad de Cirugía Hepatobiliopancreática Y Transplante Hepático, Hospital Universitario, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Gines M. Salido
- grid.8393.10000000119412521Departamento de Fisiología, Instituto de Biomarcadores de Patologías Moleculares, Universidad de Extremadura, Avenida de Las Ciencias S/N, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
| | - Juan L. Iovanna
- grid.5399.60000 0001 2176 4817Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Aix-Marseille Université and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Parc Scientifique Et Technologique de Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Patricia Santofimia-Castaño
- grid.5399.60000 0001 2176 4817Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Aix-Marseille Université and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Parc Scientifique Et Technologique de Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Antonio Gonzalez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Instituto de Biomarcadores de Patologías Moleculares, Universidad de Extremadura, Avenida de Las Ciencias S/N, 10003, Cáceres, Spain.
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15
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Wang T, Yang J, Mao J, Zhu L, Luo X, Cheng C, Zhang L. ITGA5 inhibition in pancreatic stellate cells re-educates the in vitro tumor-stromal crosstalk. Med Oncol 2022; 40:39. [PMID: 36469173 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-022-01902-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
The interaction between pancreatic cancer cells (PCCs) and pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) promotes aggressive progression of pancreatic cancer, and disrupting the tumor-stromal crosstalk is a promising therapeutic strategy. Integrin α5 (ITGA5) is specifically overexpressed in pancreatic cancer stroma and activated PSCs. ITGA5 acts as a mediator in PCCs-PSCs interaction, but its role in regulating biological behaviors of PSCs and PCCs is still not quite clear. In this study, ITGA5 in PSCs was inhibited using its specific inhibitor AV3 peptide or siRNA knockdown technique. Pancreatic cancer SW1990 cells conditioned medium (SW1990-CM) and an indirect co-culture system were used to mimic the environment of the in vitro tumor-stromal crosstalk. Our results showed that ITGA5 inhibition impaired the proliferation and migration of PSCs, but enhanced autophagy. After co-culture with PSCs, SW1990 cells gained some cancer stem cells (CSCs)-like characteristics, such as increased drug resistance, migration and invasion ability, but PSCs with ITGA5 knockdown were incapable of producing these effects. The present results suggested that ITGA5 was involved in the development of the malignant biological behaviors of PSCs and PCCs, and ITGA5 inhibition in PSCs might benefit the treatment of pancreatic cancer by re-educating PCCs-PSCs interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Jian Yang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Juanli Mao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Lizhi Zhu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xiu Luo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Chao Cheng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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Spanehl L, Revskij D, Bannert K, Ehlers L, Jaster R. YAP activates pancreatic stellate cells and enhances pancreatic fibrosis. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2022; 21:583-589. [PMID: 35753954 DOI: 10.1016/j.hbpd.2022.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) foster the progression of pancreatic adenocarcinoma and chronic pancreatitis (CP) by producing a dense fibrotic stroma. However, the incomplete knowledge of PSCs biology hampers the exploration of antifibrotic therapies. Here, we explored the role of the Hippo pathway in the context of PSCs activation and experimental CP. METHODS CP model was created in rats with the tail vein injection of dibutyltin dichloride (DBTC). The expression of Yes-associated protein (YAP) in CP tissue was assessed. Primary and immortalized rats PSCs were treated with the YAP-inhibitor verteporfin. Furthermore, YAP siRNA was employed. Subsequently, DNA synthesis, cell survival, levels of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) protein, presence of lipid droplets and PSCs gene expression were evaluated. Upstream regulators of YAP signaling were studied by reporter gene assays. RESULTS In DBTC-induced CP, pronounced expression of YAP in areas of tubular structures and periductal fibrosis was observed. Verteporfin diminished DNA replication in PSCs in a dose-dependent fashion. Knockdown of YAP reduced cell proliferation. Primary cultures of PSCs were characterized by a decrease of lipid droplets and increased synthesis of α-SMA protein. Both processes were not affected by verteporfin. At the non-cytotoxic concentration of 100 nmol/L, verteporfin significantly reduced mRNA levels of transforming growth factor-β1 (Tgf-β1) and Ccn family member 1 (Ccn1). YAP signaling was activated by TGF-β1, but repressed by interferon-γ. CONCLUSIONS Activated YAP enhanced PSCs proliferation. The antifibrotic potential of Hippo pathway inhibitors warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lennard Spanehl
- Department of Medicine II, Division of Gastroenterology, Rostock University Medical Center, Ernst-Heydemann-Str. 6, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Denis Revskij
- Department of Medicine II, Division of Gastroenterology, Rostock University Medical Center, Ernst-Heydemann-Str. 6, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Karen Bannert
- Department of Medicine II, Division of Gastroenterology, Rostock University Medical Center, Ernst-Heydemann-Str. 6, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Luise Ehlers
- Department of Medicine II, Division of Gastroenterology, Rostock University Medical Center, Ernst-Heydemann-Str. 6, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Robert Jaster
- Department of Medicine II, Division of Gastroenterology, Rostock University Medical Center, Ernst-Heydemann-Str. 6, 18057 Rostock, Germany.
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17
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Yan B, Liu L, Zhao L, Hinz U, Luo Y, An X, Gladkich J, de la Torre C, Huang Z, Schrapel D, Gross W, Fortunato F, Schaefer M, Gaida MM, Herr I. Tumor and stroma COL8A1 secretion induces autocrine and paracrine progression signaling in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Matrix Biol 2022; 114:84-107. [PMID: 36375776 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2022.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Several collagen subtypes are involved in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) desmoplasia, which constrains therapeutic efficacy. We evaluated collagen type VIII alpha 1 chain (COL8A1), whose function in PDAC is currently unknown. We identified COL8A1 expression in 7 examined PDAC cell lines by microarray analysis, western blotting, and RT‒qPCR. Higher COL8A1 expression occurred in 2 gemcitabine-resistant PDAC cell lines; pancreas tissue (n=15) from LSL-KrasG12D/+; p48-Cre mice with advanced PDAC predisposition; and PDAC parenchyma and stroma of a patient tissue microarray (n=82). Bioinformatic analysis confirmed higher COL8A1 expression in PDAC patient tissue available from TCGA (n=183), GTEx (n=167), and GEO (n=261) databases. siRNA or lentiviral sh-mediated COL8A1 inhibition in PDAC cells reduced migration, invasion and gemcitabine resistance and resulted in lower cytidine deaminase and thymidine kinase 2 expression and was rescued by COL8A1-secreting cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). The activation of COL8A1 expression involved cJun/AP-1, as demonstrated by CHIP assay and siRNA inhibition. Downstream of COL8A1, activation of ITGB1 and DDR1 receptors and PI3K/AKT and NF-κB signaling occurred, as detected by expression, adhesion and EMSA binding studies. Orthotopic transplantation of PDAC cells with downregulated COL8A1 expression resulted in reduced tumor xenograft growth and lower gemcitabine resistance but was prevented by cotransplantation of COL8A1-secreting CAFs. Most importantly, COL8A1 expression in PDAC patient tissues from our clinic (n=84) correlated with clinicopathological data, and we confirmed these findings by the use of patient data (n=177) from the TCGA database. These findings highlight COL8A1 expression in tumor and stromal cells as a new biomarker for PDAC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Yan
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Section Surgical Research, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 365, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Li Liu
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Section Surgical Research, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 365, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Lian Zhao
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Section Surgical Research, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 365, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Ulf Hinz
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yiqiao Luo
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Section Surgical Research, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 365, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Xuefeng An
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Section Surgical Research, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 365, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Jury Gladkich
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Section Surgical Research, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 365, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Carolina de la Torre
- NGS Core Facility, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Zhenhua Huang
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Section Surgical Research, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 365, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Daniel Schrapel
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Section Surgical Research, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 365, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Gross
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Section Surgical Research, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 365, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Franco Fortunato
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Section Surgical Research, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 365, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Michael Schaefer
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Section Surgical Research, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 365, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Matthias M Gaida
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany; TRON-Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University gGmbH, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ingrid Herr
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Section Surgical Research, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 365, Heidelberg 69120, Germany.
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18
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Plaugher D, Aguilar B, Murrugarra D. Uncovering potential interventions for pancreatic cancer patients via mathematical modeling. J Theor Biol 2022; 548:111197. [PMID: 35752283 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2022.111197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is widely known for its poor prognosis because it is often diagnosed when the cancer is in a later stage. We built a Boolean model to analyze the microenvironment of pancreatic cancer in order to better understand the interplay between pancreatic cancer, stellate cells, and their signaling cytokines. Specifically, we have used our model to study the impact of inducing four common mutations: KRAS, TP53, SMAD4, and CDKN2A. After implementing the various mutation combinations, we used our stochastic simulator to derive aggressiveness scores based on simulated attractor probabilities and long-term trajectory approximations. These aggression scores were then corroborated with clinical data. Moreover, we found sets of control targets that are effective among common mutations. These control sets contain nodes within both the pancreatic cancer cell and the pancreatic stellate cell, including PIP3, RAF, PIK3 and BAX in pancreatic cancer cell as well as ERK and PIK3 in the pancreatic stellate cell. Many of these nodes were found to be differentially expressed among pancreatic cancer patients in the TCGA database. Furthermore, literature suggests that many of these nodes can be targeted by drugs currently in circulation. The results herein help provide a proof of concept in the path towards personalized medicine through a means of mathematical systems biology. All data and code used for running simulations, statistical analysis, and plotting is available on a GitHub repository athttps://github.com/drplaugher/PCC_Mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Plaugher
- Department of Mathematics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
| | | | - David Murrugarra
- Department of Mathematics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
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19
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Yuan Y, Li Z, Li M, Jin T, Zhang X, Liu X, Hao J. Mitochondria oxidative stress mediated nicotine-promoted activation of pancreatic stellate cells by regulating mitochondrial dynamics. Toxicol In Vitro 2022; 84:105436. [PMID: 35842057 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2022.105436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Nicotine, one of the main ingredients of cigarettes, promotes activation of pancreatic stellate cells(PSCs) and exacerbates pancreatic fibrosis in previous studies. Here we focus on the inner relationship between mitochondrial oxidative stress and mitochondrial dynamics to explore the possible mechanism. Primary human PSCs were stimulated by nicotine. The effect of nicotine on oxidative stress and mitochondrial dynamics was analyzed by reactive oxygen species (ROS) assay, quantitative real-time PCR, and western blotting. Mitochondrial morphology was observed. Antioxidant and small interfering RNA transfection were applied to explore the interrelationship between oxidative stress and mitochondrial dynamics, as well as its effect on PSCs activation. Nicotine exposure significantly increased Intracellular and mitochondrial ROS of hPSCs and promoted mitochondrial fission by upregulating dynamin-related protein 1(DRP1). Knockdown Drp1 reversed mitochondrial fragmentation and hPSCs activation that promoted by nicotine, but fail to alleviate oxidative stress. A mitochondrial-targeted antioxidant could reverse all the above changes. Our finding suggests that mitochondria oxidative stress mediated nicotine-promoted activation of PSCs by inducing Drp1-mediated mitochondrial fission, provides a new perspective on the possible mechanism by which nicotine affects PSCs, and reveals a potential therapeutic strategy.
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20
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Radoslavova S, Fels B, Pethö Z, Gruner M, Ruck T, Meuth SG, Folcher A, Prevarskaya N, Schwab A, Ouadid-Ahidouch H. TRPC1 channels regulate the activation of pancreatic stellate cells through ERK1/2 and SMAD2 pathways and perpetuate their pressure-mediated activation. Cell Calcium 2022; 106:102621. [PMID: 35905654 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2022.102621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic stellate cell (PSC) activation is a major event occurring during pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) development. Up to now mechanisms underlying their activation by mechanical cues such as the elevated tissue pressure in PDAC remain poorly understood. Here we investigate the role of one potential mechano-transducer, TRPC1 ion channel, in PSC activation. Using pre-activated human siTRPC1 and murine TRPC1-KO PSCs, we show that TRPC1 promotes αSMA (α-smooth muscle actin) expression, the main activation marker, in cooperation with the phosphorylated SMAD2, under normal and elevated pressure. Functional studies following TRPC1 silencing demonstrate the dual role of TRPC1 in the modulation of PSC proliferation and IL-6 secretion through the activation of ERK1/2 and SMAD2 pathways. Moreover, pressurization changes the mechanical behavior of PSCs by increasing their cellular stiffness and emitted traction forces in a TRPC1-dependent manner. In summary, these results point to a role of TRPC1 channels in sensing and transducing the characteristic mechanical properties of the PDAC microenvironment in PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silviya Radoslavova
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, UR-UPJV 4667, University of Picardie Jules Verne, 80039 Amiens, France; University of Lille, Inserm U1003 - PHYCEL - Cellular Physiology, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Benedikt Fels
- Institute of Physiology, University Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany; DZHK (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Zoltan Pethö
- Institute of Physiology II, University Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Matthias Gruner
- Institute of Physiology II, University Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Tobias Ruck
- Klinik für Neurologie, Medical Faculty, Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sven G Meuth
- Klinik für Neurologie, Medical Faculty, Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Antoine Folcher
- University of Lille, Inserm U1003 - PHYCEL - Cellular Physiology, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Natalia Prevarskaya
- University of Lille, Inserm U1003 - PHYCEL - Cellular Physiology, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - Albrecht Schwab
- Institute of Physiology II, University Münster, Münster, Germany.
| | - Halima Ouadid-Ahidouch
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, UR-UPJV 4667, University of Picardie Jules Verne, 80039 Amiens, France.
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21
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Zhu X, Liu D, Li G, Zhi M, Sun J, Qi L, Li J, Pandol SJ, Li L. Exosomal miR-140-3p and miR-143-3p from TGF-β1-treated pancreatic stellate cells target BCL2 mRNA to increase β-cell apoptosis. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2022; 551:111653. [PMID: 35513284 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2022.111653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND People with chronic pancreatitis (CP) normally develop a fibrotic pancreas with reduced β-cell mass. Limited studies have focused on the development and pathogenesis of CP-related diabetes. MiRNAs packaged as exosomes are the key regulators of β-cell dysfunction. This study aimed to define the effect of exosomal miRNA from activated pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) on β-cells. METHODS Exosomes in the supernatants of mouse PSCs lines were extracted via ultracentrifugation and then identified. The role of exosomes secreted by transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)-treated PSCs in β-cell function was assessed. MiRNAs were prepared from exosomes extracted from TGF-β1-treated and untreated PSCs (T-Exo or C-Exo), and the miRNA expression profiles were compared by microarray. Then, miR-140-3p and miR-143-3p were overexpressed or inhibited in MIN6 cells and islets to determine their molecular and functional effects. RESULTS Exosomes were the predominant extracellular vesicles secreted by PSCs into the culture medium. The MIN6 cells incubated with T-Exo had less insulin secretion and lower viability than the MIN6 cells incubated with PBS or C-Exo. MiR-140-3p and miR-143-3p were notably upregulated in T-Exo. Enhancing the expression of miR-140-3p and miR-143-3p in β-cells decreased the cell count and viability and increased the cleaved caspase-3 levels. Mechanistically, T-Exo mediated the intercellular transfer of miR-140-3p and miR-143-3p by targeting the B-cell lymphoma 2 gene in recipient β-cells to induce cell death. CONCLUSIONS Exosomal miRNA transfer as a communication mode between PSCs and β-cells, which may be explored for its therapeutic utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyun Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China; Institute of Glucose and Lipid Metabolism, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dechen Liu
- Institute of Glucose and Lipid Metabolism, Southeast University, Nanjing, China; Department of Clinical Science and Research, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guoqing Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China; Institute of Glucose and Lipid Metabolism, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mengmeng Zhi
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China; Institute of Glucose and Lipid Metabolism, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ji Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China; Institute of Glucose and Lipid Metabolism, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liang Qi
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China; Institute of Glucose and Lipid Metabolism, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingbo Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China; Institute of Glucose and Lipid Metabolism, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Stephen J Pandol
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA.
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China; Institute of Glucose and Lipid Metabolism, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
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22
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Del Aguila EM, Tang XH, Gudas LJ. Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: New Insights into the Actions of Vitamin A. Oncol Res Treat 2022; 45:291-298. [PMID: 35130553 PMCID: PMC9064920 DOI: 10.1159/000522425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a gland-forming malignancy arising in the pancreas. It is estimated that in developed countries the incidence of PDAC will continue to rise, and PDAC is now the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the USA. The mortality of PDAC patients closely parallels the incidence rate, as this malignancy generally remains asymptomatic until it reaches an advanced stage. SUMMARY The poor prognosis results from the aggressive nature of the tumor, late detection, and resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Retinoids, vitamin A (retinol) and its metabolites, such as retinoic acid (RA), play critical roles in important biological functions, including cell growth and differentiation, development, metabolism, and immunity. The actions of retinoids in maintaining normal pancreatic functions have generated considerable research interest from investigators interested in understanding and treating PDAC. Altered expression of retinoid receptors and other RA signaling pathway genes in human cancers offers opportunities for target discovery, drug design, and personalized medicine for distinct molecular retinoid subtypes. KEY MESSAGES The goals of this review are to explore the potential activities of retinoids in the pancreas, to assess the evidence that retinoid functions become dysregulated in PDAC, and to describe the actions of retinoids in new therapies developed to increase patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Mere Del Aguila
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Ave, New York, New York, 10065, USA
| | - Xiao-Han Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Ave, New York, New York, 10065, USA
| | - Lorraine J. Gudas
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Ave, New York, New York, 10065, USA
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23
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Li Z, Lu D, Jin T, Liu X, Hao J. Nicotine facilitates pancreatic fibrosis by promoting activation of pancreatic stellate cells via α7nAChR-mediated JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway in rats. Toxicol Lett 2021; 349:84-91. [PMID: 34153408 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2021.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
AIM Smoking has been considered as a risk factor of chronic pancreatitis (CP), but the potential mechanism is still unknown. The major pathological feature of CP is pancreatic fibrosis, whose major functional cells are pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs). Nicotine is the major component of cigarette smoke, our recent study suggested that nicotine has the potential to facilitate pancreatic fibrosis in CP. This study was aimed to analyze the function and mechanism of nicotine on PSCs and pancreatic fibrosis in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS In vivo, a rat CP model was induced by intraperitoneal injection of 20 % L-arginine hydrochloride (200 mg/100 g) at 1 h intervals twice per week, nicotine was injected subcutaneously at a dose of 1 mg/kg body weight per day. After four weeks, the pancreatic tissue was collected for H&E, Masson and immunohistochemical staining. In vitro, primary rPSCs were isolated from rats and treated with nicotine (0.1 μM and 1 μM). The proliferation、apoptosis、α-SMA expression、extracellular matrix (ECM) metabolism and α7nAChR-mediated JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway of rPSCs were detected by CCK-8 assay、flow cytometry、real-time Q-PCR and western blotting analysis. The α7nAChR antagonist α-bungarotoxin (α-BTX) was used to perform inhibition experiments. KEY FINDINGS Nicotine increased pancreatic damage, collagen deposition and activation of PSCs in the CP rat model. In rPSCs, the proliferation, α-SMA expression and ECM formation were significantly promoted by nicotine in a dose-dependent manner. Meanwhile, the apoptosis of rPSCs was significantly reduced after nicotine treatment. Moreover, nicotine also activated the α7nAChR-mediated JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway in rPSCs. These effects of nicotine on rPSCs were blocked by α-BTX. SIGNIFICANCE Our finding in this research suggests that nicotine facilitates pancreatic fibrosis by promoting activation of pancreatic stellate cells via α7nAChR-mediated JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway in rats, partly revealing the mechanism of smoking on chronic pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiren Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Di Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Tong Jin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Xinjuan Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Jianyu Hao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China.
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24
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Chung SA, Lim JW, Kim H. Docosahexaenoic Acid Inhibits Cytokine Expression by Reducing Reactive Oxygen Species in Pancreatic Stellate Cells. J Cancer Prev 2021; 26:195-206. [PMID: 34703822 PMCID: PMC8511577 DOI: 10.15430/jcp.2021.26.3.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) are activated by inflammatory stimuli, such as TNF-α or viral infection. Activated PSCs play a crucial role in the development of chronic pancreatitis. Polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly (I:C)) is structurally similar to double-stranded RNA and mimics viral infection. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) exhibits anti-inflammatory activity. It inhibited fibrotic mediators and reduced NF-κB activity in the pancreas of mice with chronic pancreatitis. The present study aimed to investigate whether DHA could suppress cytokine expression in PSCs isolated from rats. Cells were pre-treated with DHA or the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and stimulated with TNF-α or poly (I:C). Treatment with TNF-α or poly (I:C) increased the expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) and chemokine C-X3-C motif ligand 1 (CX3CL1), which are known chemoattractants, and enhanced intracellular and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and NF-κB activity, but reduced mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). Increased intracellular and mitochondrial ROS accumulation, cytokine expression, MMP disruption, and NF-κB activation were all prevented by DHA in TNF-α- or poly (I:C)-treated PSCs. NAC suppressed TNF-α- or poly (I:C)-induced expression of MCP-1 and CX3CL1. In conclusion, DHA inhibits poly (I:C)- or TNF-α-induced cytokine expression and NF-κB activation by reducing intracellular and mitochondrial ROS in PSCs. Consumption of DHA-rich foods may be beneficial in preventing chronic pancreatitis by inhibiting cytokine expression in PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Ah Chung
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joo Weon Lim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyeyong Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
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Liu H, Shi Y, Qian F. Opportunities and delusions regarding drug delivery targeting pancreatic cancer-associated fibroblasts. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 172:37-51. [PMID: 33705881 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A dense desmoplastic stroma formed by abundant extracellular matrix and stromal cells, including cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and immune cells, is a feature of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), one of the most lethal cancer types. As the dominant cellular component of the PDAC stroma, CAFs orchestrate intensive and biologically diverse crosstalk with pancreatic cancer cells and immune cells and contribute to a unique PDAC tumor microenvironment promoting cancer proliferation, metastasis, and resistance against both chemo- and immunotherapies. Therefore, CAFs and CAF-related mechanisms have emerged as promising targets for PDAC therapy. However, several clinical setbacks and accumulating knowledge of the PDAC stroma have revealed the heterogeneity and multifaceted biological roles of CAFs, and concerns regarding "what to deliver" and "how to deliver" have arisen when designing CAF-targeted drug delivery systems to specifically inhibit tumor-supporting CAFs without impairing tumor-restricting CAFs. In this review, we will discuss the complexity of CAFs in the PDAC stroma as well as the potential opportunities and common misconceptions regarding drug delivery efforts targeting PDAC CAFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqin Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, and Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yu Shi
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Feng Qian
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, and Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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26
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Feng H, Moriyama T, Ohuchida K, Sheng N, Iwamoto C, Shindo K, Shirahane K, Ikenaga N, Nagai S, Nakata K, Mizumoto K, Nakamura M. N-acetyl cysteine induces quiescent-like pancreatic stellate cells from an active state and attenuates cancer-stroma interactions. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2021; 40:133. [PMID: 33858491 PMCID: PMC8050903 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-01939-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) occupy the majority of the pancreatic cancer microenvironment, contributing to aggressive behavior of pancreatic cancer cells (PCCs). Recently, anti-fibrotic agents have proven to be an effective strategy against cancer, but clinical trials have shown little efficacy, and the driving mechanism remains unknown. N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) is often used for pulmonary cystic fibrosis. Pioglitazone, an agonist of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, was habitually used for type II diabetes, but recently reported to inhibit metastasis of PCCs. However, few studies have focused on the effects of these two agents on cancer-stromal interactions. METHOD We evaluated the expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and the number of lipid droplets in PSCs cultured with or without NAC. We also evaluated changes in invasiveness, viability, and oxidative level in PSCs and PCCs after NAC treatment. Using an indirect co-culture system, we investigated changes in viability, invasiveness, and migration of PSCs and PCCs. Combined treatment effects of NAC and Pioglitazone were evaluated in PSCs and PCCs. In vivo, we co-transplanted KPC-derived organoids and PSCs to evaluate the effects of NAC and Pioglitazone's combination therapy on subcutaneous tumor formation and splenic xenografted mouse models. RESULTS In vitro, NAC inhibited the viability, invasiveness, and migration of PSCs at a low concentration, but not those of PCCs. NAC treatment significantly reduced oxidative stress level and expression of α-SMA, collagen type I in PSCs, which apparently present a quiescent-like state with a high number of lipid droplets. Co-cultured PSCs and PCCs mutually promoted the viability, invasiveness, and migration of each other. However, these promotion effects were attenuated by NAC treatment. Pioglitazone maintained the NAC-induced quiescent-like state of PSCs, which were reactivated by PCC-supernatant, and enhanced chemosensitivity of PCCs. In vivo, NAC and Pioglitazone's combination suppressed tumor growth and liver metastasis with fewer stromal components and oxidative stress level. CONCLUSION NAC suppressed activated PSCs and attenuated cancer-stromal interactions. NAC induces quiescent-like PSCs that were maintained in this state by pioglitazone treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haimin Feng
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Taiki Moriyama
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
- Department of Endoscopic Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kenoki Ohuchida
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
- Cancer Center of Kyushu University Hospital, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Nan Sheng
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Chika Iwamoto
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Koji Shindo
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kengo Shirahane
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Naoki Ikenaga
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Shuntaro Nagai
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kohei Nakata
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Mizumoto
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
- Cancer Center of Kyushu University Hospital, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Masafumi Nakamura
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
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Peng YF, Lin H, Liu DC, Zhu XY, Huang N, Wei YX, Li L. Heat shock protein 90 inhibitor ameliorates pancreatic fibrosis by degradation of transforming growth factor-β receptor. Cell Signal 2021; 84:110001. [PMID: 33812911 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.110001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Pancreatic fibrosis increases pancreatic cancer risk in chronic pancreatitis (CP). Pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) play a critical role in pancreatic fibrosis by transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) has been shown to inhibit transforming growth factor-β receptor (TGFβR)-mediated Smad and no-Smad signaling pathways. Thus, the effects of Hsp90 inhibitor on pancreatic fibrosis are evaluated in CP mice, and the association between Hsp90 and biological functions of PSCs is further investigated in vitro. METHODS The effects of Hsp90 inhibitor 17AAG on pancreatic fibrosis were assessed in caerulein-induced CP mice, and primary PSCs were used to determine the role of Hsp90 inhibitor 17AAG in vitro. RESULTS We observed increased expression of Hsp90 in pancreatic tissues of caerulein-induced CP mice. Hsp90 inhibitor 17AAG ameliorated pancreatic inflammation and fibrosis in caerulein-induced CP mice. In vitro, Hsp90 inhibitor 17AAG inhibited TGFβ1-induced activation and extracellular matrix accumulation of PSCs by blocking TGFβR-mediated Smad2/3 and PI3K /Akt/GSK-3β signaling pathways.Hsp90 inhibitor 17AAG degraded TGFβRII by a ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, co-immunoprecipitation showed an interaction between Hsp90 and TGFβRII in PSCs. CONCLUSIONS The study suggests that an Hsp90 inhibitor 17AAG remarkable prevents the development of pancreatic fibrosis in caerulein-induced CP mice, and suppresses activation and extracellular matrix accumulation of PSCs in vitro. The current results provide a potential treatment strategy based on Hsp90 inhibition for pancreatic fibrosis in CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Fan Peng
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China; Pancreatic Research Institute, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao Lin
- Pancreatic Research Institute, Southeast University, Nanjing, China; Department of Clinical Science and Research, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - De-Chen Liu
- Pancreatic Research Institute, Southeast University, Nanjing, China; Department of Clinical Science and Research, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiang-Yun Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China; Pancreatic Research Institute, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Nan Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China; Pancreatic Research Institute, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying-Xiang Wei
- Department of Ultrasonic Diagnosis, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China; Pancreatic Research Institute, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
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Seifert AM, List J, Heiduk M, Decker R, von Renesse J, Meinecke AC, Aust DE, Welsch T, Weitz J, Seifert L. Gamma-delta T cells stimulate IL-6 production by pancreatic stellate cells in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2020; 146:3233-3240. [PMID: 32865617 PMCID: PMC7679341 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-020-03367-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment promotes progression of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). γδ T cells infiltrate the pancreatic tumor stroma and support tumorigenesis through αβ T cell inhibition. Pancreatic stellate cell (PSC) activation contributes to pancreatic fibrosis in PDAC, limiting the delivery and efficacy of therapeutic agents. Whether γδ T cells have direct effects on PSC activation is unknown. METHODS In this study, we analyzed tumor tissue from 68 patients with PDAC and determined the frequency and location of γδ T cells using immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. PDAC samples from the TCGA database with low and high TRGC2 expression were correlated with the expression of extracellular matrix genes. Further, PSCs were isolated from pancreatic tumor tissue and co-cultured with γδ T cells for 48 hours and cytokine production was measured using a cytometric bead array. RESULTS γδ T cells infiltrated the pancreatic tumor stroma and were located in proximity to PSCs. A high infiltration of γδ T cells was associated with increased expression of several extracellular matrix genes in human PDAC. In vitro, γδ T cells stimulated IL-6 production by PDAC-derived PSCs. CONCLUSION γδ T cells activated PSCs and modulation of this interaction may enhance the efficacy of combinational therapies in human PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian M Seifert
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Medical Faculty, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julian List
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Medical Faculty, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Max Heiduk
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Medical Faculty, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rahel Decker
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Medical Faculty, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Janusz von Renesse
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Medical Faculty, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ann-Christin Meinecke
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Medical Faculty, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Daniela E Aust
- Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- NCT Biobank Dresden, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Thilo Welsch
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Medical Faculty, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Weitz
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Medical Faculty, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lena Seifert
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Medical Faculty, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Kim JJ, Lee E, Ryu GR, Ko SH, Ahn YB, Song KH. Hypoxia Increases β-Cell Death by Activating Pancreatic Stellate Cells within the Islet. Diabetes Metab J 2020; 44:919-927. [PMID: 32431113 PMCID: PMC7801750 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2019.0181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypoxia can occur in pancreatic islets in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) are activated during hypoxia. Here we aimed to investigate whether PSCs within the islet are also activated in hypoxia, causing β-cell injury. METHODS Islet and primary PSCs were isolated from Sprague Dawley rats, and cultured in normoxia (21% O2) or hypoxia (1% O2). The expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), as measured by immunostaining and Western blotting, was used as a marker of PSC activation. Conditioned media (hypoxia-CM) were obtained from PSCs cultured in hypoxia. RESULTS Islets and PSCs cultured in hypoxia exhibited higher expressions of α-SMA than did those cultured in normoxia. Hypoxia increased the production of reactive oxygen species. The addition of N-acetyl-L-cysteine, an antioxidant, attenuated the hypoxia-induced PSC activation in islets and PSCs. Islets cultured in hypoxia-CM showed a decrease in cell viability and an increase in apoptosis. CONCLUSION PSCs within the islet are activated in hypoxia through oxidative stress and promote islet cell death, suggesting that hypoxia-induced PSC activation may contribute to β-cell loss in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Jin Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Esder Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gyeong Ryul Ryu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-Hyun Ko
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yu-Bae Ahn
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ki-Ho Song
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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Xu J, Liu S, Yang X, Cao S, Zhou Y. Paracrine HGF promotes EMT and mediates the effects of PSC on chemoresistance by activating c-Met/PI3K/Akt signaling in pancreatic cancer in vitro. Life Sci 2020; 263:118523. [PMID: 33039386 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) play key roles in the pancreatic tumor microenvironment and are considered to contribute to chemoresistance. PSCs can participate in malignant behaviors of pancreatic carcinoma (PC) by secreting hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). The objective of this research was to explore the potential molecular mechanism of HGF on gemcitabine (GEM) chemoresistance of PC. MATERIALS AND METHODS HGF, c-Met, E-Cadherin and Vimentin levels were examined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The changes of HGF level were detected by ELISA. The half maximal inhibitory concentration, the growth inhibitions and apoptosis of pancreatic cancer cells (PCCs) were respectively assayed using CCK-8 and flow cytometry. Associated proteins were measured using western blot and cell immunofluorescence assay. KEY FINDINGS PSCs strongly expressed HGF, and its receptor c-Met was expressed in PCCs. PCCs exerted a positive regulative effect on HGF production. HGF neutralizing antibody AMG102 could effectively reduce the HGF level in PSC-conditioned medium (PSC-CM). PSC-CM promoted chemoresistance in PCCs. When exposed to PSC-CM, PCCs underwent epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and c-Met was also activated. Recombinant human HGF had the same protective effect. Blocking the HGF/c-Met axis with a c-Met inhibitor PHA665752 and AMG102 reduced the phosphorylation level of c-Met (p-c-Met) and attenuated EMT and chemoresistance. P-c-Met overexpression resulted in activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway, and inhibition of PI3K/Akt signaling with LY294002 reversed chemoresistance and EMT. SIGNIFICANCE PSCs can activate the c-Met/PI3K/Akt pathway in PCCs via paracrine HGF, induce EMT of PCCs and inhibit cancer cell apoptosis, thus enhance chemoresistance to Gem in PCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfei Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shanglong Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaopeng Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Yidu Central Hospital, Weifang, China
| | - Shougen Cao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yanbing Zhou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
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Xia SH. Prospect and clinical value of oxymatrine in prevention and treatment of pancreatic fibrosis. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2020; 28:819-826. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v28.i17.819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies have confirmed that pancreatic stellate cell activation is the central event in the initiation and development of pancreatic fibrosis (PF), but the specific mechanism of PF is still unknown, and there is no specific treatment for PF. Some basic studies have confirmed that oxymatrine (OMT) has a certain therapeutic effect on PF, but further research is needed. It can be predicted that OMT has a far-reaching research prospect and good clinical application value for the prevention and treatment of PF, and is also conducive to the better development and utilization of traditional Chinese herbal medicine radix sophorae flavescentis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Hai Xia
- Gastroenterology Department of Medical Center of the Chinese People's Armed Police Force (Institute of Digestive Diseases of Medical Center), Medical Center for Hepatobiliary, Pancreatic and Splenic Disease of the Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatic Fibrosis and Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment, Tianjin 300162, China
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32
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Estaras M, Martinez-Morcillo S, García A, Martinez R, Estevez M, Perez-Lopez M, Miguez MP, Fernandez-Bermejo M, Mateos JM, Vara D, Blanco G, Lopez D, Roncero V, Salido GM, Gonzalez A. Pancreatic stellate cells exhibit adaptation to oxidative stress evoked by hypoxia. Biol Cell 2020; 112:280-299. [PMID: 32632968 DOI: 10.1111/boc.202000020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND INFORMATION Pancreatic stellate cells play a key role in the fibrosis that develops in diseases such as pancreatic cancer. In the growing tumour, a hypoxia condition develops under which cancer cells are able to proliferate. The growth of fibrotic tissue contributes to hypoxia. In this study, the effect of hypoxia (1% O2 ) on pancreatic stellate cells physiology was investigated. Changes in intracellular free-Ca2+ concentration, mitochondrial free-Ca2+ concentration and mitochondrial membrane potential were studied by fluorescence techniques. The status of enzymes responsible for the cellular oxidative state was analyzed by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, high-performance liquid chromatography, spectrophotometric and fluorimetric methods and by Western blotting analysis. Cell viability and proliferation were studied by crystal violet test, 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine cell proliferation test and Western blotting analysis. Finally, cell migration was studied employing the wound healing assay. RESULTS Hypoxia induced an increase in intracellular and mitochondrial free-Ca2+ concentration, whereas mitochondrial membrane potential was decreased. An increase in mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production was observed. Additionally, an increase in the oxidation of proteins and lipids was detected. Moreover, cellular total antioxidant capacity was decreased. Increases in the expression of superoxide dismutase 1 and 2 were observed and superoxide dismutase activity was augmented. Hypoxia evoked a decrease in the oxidized/reduced glutathione ratio. An increase in the phosphorylation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor and in expression of the antioxidant enzymes catalytic subunit of glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalase, NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase 1 and heme oxygenase-1 were detected. The expression of cyclin A was decreased, whereas expression of cyclin D and the content of 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine were increased. This was accompanied by an increase in cell viability. The phosphorylation state of c-Jun NH2 -terminal kinase was increased, whereas that of p44/42 and p38 was decreased. Finally, cells subjected to hypoxia maintained migration ability. CONCLUSIONS AND SIGNIFICANCE Hypoxia creates pro-oxidant conditions in pancreatic stellate cells to which cells adapt and leads to increased viability and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matias Estaras
- Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, University of Extremadura, Caceres, Spain
| | | | - Alfredo García
- Department of Animal Production, Cicytex-La Orden, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Remigio Martinez
- Department of Animal Health, Veterinary Faculty, University of Extremadura, Caceres, Spain
| | - Mario Estevez
- IPROCAR Research Institute, Food Technology, University of Extremadura, Caceres, 10003, Spain
| | - Marcos Perez-Lopez
- Unit of Toxicology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Extremadura, Caceres, Spain
| | - Maria P Miguez
- Unit of Toxicology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Extremadura, Caceres, Spain
| | | | - Jose M Mateos
- Department of Gastroenterology, San Pedro de Alcantara Hospital, Caceres, Spain
| | - Daniel Vara
- Department of Gastroenterology, San Pedro de Alcantara Hospital, Caceres, Spain
| | - Gerardo Blanco
- Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic Surgery and Liver Transplant Unit, Infanta Cristina Hospital, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Diego Lopez
- Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic Surgery and Liver Transplant Unit, Infanta Cristina Hospital, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Vicente Roncero
- Unit of Histology and Pathological Anatomy, Veterinary Faculty, University of Extremadura, Caceres, Spain
| | - Gines M Salido
- Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, University of Extremadura, Caceres, Spain
| | - Antonio Gonzalez
- Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, University of Extremadura, Caceres, Spain
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Cui L, Li C, Zhuo Y, Yang L, Cui N, Li Y, Zhang S. Saikosaponin A inhibits the activation of pancreatic stellate cells by suppressing autophagy and the NLRP3 inflammasome via the AMPK/mTOR pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 128:110216. [PMID: 32497863 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) are the main effector cells in the development of pancreatic fibrosis. Finding substances that inhibit PSC activation is an important approach to inhibiting pancreatic fibrosis. Saikosaponin A (SSa) has numerous pharmacological activities, but its effect on PSCs remains unknown. This study was conducted to explore the effects of SSa on PSC activation in cultured rat PSCs. Cell viability, proliferation, migration and apoptosis were evaluated by MTT assays, the iCELLigence System, Transwell assays and flow cytometry. Markers of PSC activation, autophagy and the NLRP3 inflammasome were measured by real-time PCR, immunofluorescence and western blotting. Rapamycin and phenformin hydrochloride were used to determine the effect of SSa via the AMPK/mTOR pathway. The results showed that SSa suppressed PSC viability, proliferation, and migration and promoted apoptosis. SSa inhibited PSC activation, restrained PSC autophagy and suppressed the NLRP3 inflammasome. In addition, there was interaction between autophagy and the NLRP3 inflammasome during SSa inhibition of PSCs. Moreover, promotion of p-AMPK increased autophagy and the NLRP3 inflammasome. Inhibition of p-mTOR increased autophagy and decreased the NLRP3 inflammasome. Our results indicated that SSa inhibited PSC activation by inhibiting PSC autophagy and the NLRP3 inflammasome via the AMPK/mTOR pathway. These findings provide a theoretical basis for the use of SSa to treat pancreatic fibrosis and further suggest that targeting autophagy and the NLRP3 inflammasome may provide new strategies for the treatment of pancreatic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Cui
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Acute Abdomen Disease Associated Organ Injury and ITCWM Repair, Institute of Acute Abdominal Diseases of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin 300100, China; Nankai Clinical College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300107, China
| | - Caixia Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Acute Abdomen Disease Associated Organ Injury and ITCWM Repair, Institute of Acute Abdominal Diseases of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin 300100, China; Nankai Clinical College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300107, China
| | - Yuzhen Zhuo
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Acute Abdomen Disease Associated Organ Injury and ITCWM Repair, Institute of Acute Abdominal Diseases of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin 300100, China; Nankai Clinical College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300107, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Acute Abdomen Disease Associated Organ Injury and ITCWM Repair, Institute of Acute Abdominal Diseases of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin 300100, China; Nankai Clinical College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300107, China
| | - Naiqiang Cui
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin 300100, China; Nankai Clinical College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300107, China
| | - Yuhong Li
- Institute of TCM, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.
| | - Shukun Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Acute Abdomen Disease Associated Organ Injury and ITCWM Repair, Institute of Acute Abdominal Diseases of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin 300100, China; Nankai Clinical College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300107, China.
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Ren YC, Zhao Q, He Y, Li B, Wu Z, Dai J, Wen L, Wang X, Hu G. Legumain promotes fibrogenesis in chronic pancreatitis via activation of transforming growth factor β1. J Mol Med (Berl) 2020; 98:863-874. [PMID: 32415356 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-020-01911-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is a major risk factor for pancreatic cancer; however, little is known about the pathogenic mechanisms underlying the development of CP. Legumain (Lgmn) has been linked to some chronic inflammatory diseases. The present study investigated the role of legumain in pancreatic fibrogenesis. We induced CP in wild type C57BL6 (WT), Lgmn-deficient (Lgmn-/-), Lgmnflox/flox and Lgmnflox/flox × LysMCre mice by intraperitoneal injection of caerulein for 4 weeks. Pancreata were collected and analyzed by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, and histology. Pancreatic stellate cells and macrophages were isolated and studied using immunofluorescence, gelatin zymography, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The effects of inhibition of legumain were investigated in vivo by administration of the specific legumain inhibitor, RR-11a. Legumain was found to be upregulated in the serum and pancreatic tissues of mice with caerulein-induced CP. Mice with global and macrophage-specific legumain deficiency exhibited significantly reduced development of pancreatic fibrosis compared with control mice, based on pancreas size, histology, and expression of fibrosis-associated genes. Our results indicate that legumain promotes activation of pancreatic stellate cells and increases synthesis of extracellular matrix proteins via activation of matrix metalloproteinase-2(MMP-2), which hydrolyzes the transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) precursor to form active TGF-β1. Administration of RR-11a markedly attenuated pancreatic fibrosis in mice with CP. Deficiency or inhibition of legumain significantly reduces the severity of pancreatic fibrosis by suppressing activation of the TGF-β1 precursor. Our results highlight the potential of legumain as a novel therapeutic target for CP. KEY MESSAGES: • Legumain expression was markedly upregulated in CP mice. • Deletion of legumain attenuated pancreatic fibrosis in CP mice. • Legumain promotes fibrosis via MMP-2 activation, which hydrolyzed the TGF-β1 precursor to the active form. • Legumain is a potential therapeutic target for the management of CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Chun Ren
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, 200080, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Institute of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Qiuyan Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, 200080, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Institute of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Yan He
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, 200080, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Institute of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, 200080, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Institute of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Zengkai Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, 200080, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Institute of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Juanjuan Dai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, 200080, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Institute of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Li Wen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, 200080, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Institute of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Xingpeng Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, 200080, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Institute of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China.
| | - Guoyong Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, 200080, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Institute of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China.
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Estaras M, Peña FJ, Tapia JA, Fernandez-Bermejo M, Mateos JM, Vara D, Roncero V, Blanco G, Lopez D, Salido GM, Gonzalez A. Melatonin modulates proliferation of pancreatic stellate cells through caspase-3 activation and changes in cyclin A and D expression. J Physiol Biochem 2020; 76:345-355. [PMID: 32361979 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-020-00740-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the effects of melatonin (1 μM-1 mM) on pancreatic stellate cells (PSC) have been examined. Cell viability and proliferation, caspase-3 activation, and the expression of cyclin A and cyclin D were analyzed. Our results show that melatonin decreased PSC viability in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. This effect was not inhibited by treatment of cells with MT1, MT2, calmodulin, or ROR-alpha inhibitors prior to melatonin addition. Activation of caspase-3 in response to melatonin was detected. The expression of cyclin A and cyclin D was decreased in cells treated with melatonin. Finally, changes in BrdU incorporation into the newly synthesized DNA of proliferating cells were also observed in the presence of melatonin. We conclude that melatonin, at pharmacological concentrations, modulates proliferation of PSC through activation of apoptosis and involving crucial regulators of the cell cycle. These actions might not require specific melatonin receptors. Our observations suggest that melatonin, at high doses, could potentially exert anti-fibrotic effects and, thus, could be taken into consideration as supportive treatment in the therapy of pancreatic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matias Estaras
- Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, University of Extremadura, Avenida de las Ciencias s/n, E-10003, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Fernando J Peña
- Laboratory of Equine Reproduction and Equine Spermatology, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - José A Tapia
- Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, University of Extremadura, Avenida de las Ciencias s/n, E-10003, Cáceres, Spain
| | | | - Jose M Mateos
- Department of Gastroenterology, San Pedro de Alcantara Hospital, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Daniel Vara
- Department of Gastroenterology, San Pedro de Alcantara Hospital, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Vicente Roncero
- Unit of Histology and Pathological Anatomy, Veterinary Faculty, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Gerardo Blanco
- Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic Surgery and Liver Transplant Unit, Infanta Cristina Hospital, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Diego Lopez
- Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic Surgery and Liver Transplant Unit, Infanta Cristina Hospital, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Gines M Salido
- Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, University of Extremadura, Avenida de las Ciencias s/n, E-10003, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Antonio Gonzalez
- Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, University of Extremadura, Avenida de las Ciencias s/n, E-10003, Cáceres, Spain.
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Pothula SP, Pirola RC, Wilson JS, Apte MV. Pancreatic stellate cells: Aiding and abetting pancreatic cancer progression. Pancreatology 2020; 20:409-418. [PMID: 31928917 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2020.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Tumour-stromal interactions have now been acknowledged to play a major role in pancreatic cancer (PC) progression. The abundant collagenous stroma is produced by a specific cell type in the pancreas-the pancreatic stellate cell (PSC). Pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) are a unique resident cell type of pancreas and with a critical role in both healthy and diseased pancreas. Accumulating evidence indicates that PSCs interact closely with cancer cells as well as with other cell types of the stroma such as immune cells, endothelial cells and neuronal cells, to set up a growth permissive microenvironment for pancreatic tumours, which facilitates local tumour growth as well as distant metastasis. Consequently, recent work in the field has focused on the development of novel therapeutic approaches targeting the stroma to inhibit PC progression. Such a multi-pronged approach targeting both tumour and stromal elements of PC has been successfully applied in pre-clinical settings. The challenge now is to translate the pre-clinical findings into the clinical setting to achieve better outcomes for pancreatic cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivasa P Pothula
- Pancreatic Research Group, South Western Sydney Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, and the Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, Australia
| | - Romano C Pirola
- Pancreatic Research Group, South Western Sydney Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, and the Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, Australia
| | - Jeremy S Wilson
- Pancreatic Research Group, South Western Sydney Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, and the Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, Australia
| | - Minoti V Apte
- Pancreatic Research Group, South Western Sydney Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, and the Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, Australia.
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An W, Zhu JW, Jiang F, Jiang H, Zhao JL, Liu MY, Li GX, Shi XG, Sun C, Li ZS. Fibromodulin is upregulated by oxidative stress through the MAPK/AP-1 pathway to promote pancreatic stellate cell activation. Pancreatology 2020; 20:278-287. [PMID: 31831391 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2019.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Fibromodulin (FMOD) expression in chronic pancreatitis (CP) tissues and its effect on PSC was unknown. Our aim was to investigate the role of FMOD in regulating PSC profibrogenic phenotype and the molecular mechanism of CP. METHODS Rat CP models were induced by dibutyltin dichloride. Pancreatic fibrosis was evaluated by Sirius Red staining. The expression of FMOD and α-SMA was measured, the correlation between FMOD expression and fibrosis was investigated in CP models and CP patients. The effects of FMOD on PSCs were examined by CCK-8 and migration assays. We investigated the mechanisms underlying FMOD expression using MND and a MAPK pathway inhibitor. Luciferase reporter and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays were used to investigate the effects of AP-1 on FMOD expression. RESULTS Sirius Red staining revealed high collagen deposition in model rats. Higher expression of FMOD and α-SMA was observed in fibrotic tissues, and the expression of FMOD was correlated with that of α-SMA and the areas of Sirius Red staining. Upregulation of FMOD increased the expression of collagen I and α-SMA and the proliferation and migration of PSCs. MND induced FMOD and α-SMA expression, and knockdown of FMOD abated α-SMA expression. ERK and JNK inhibitors attenuated FMOD expression as induced by MND. AP-1 upregulated the expression of FMOD. AP-1 binds to the FMOD promoter and transcriptionally regulates FMOD expression. CONCLUSION FMOD levels are upregulated in fibrosis tissues in CP and it is a critical downstream mediator of oxidative stress. FMOD induces PSC activation and maintains the fibrosis phenotype of PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei An
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital of Second Military Medical University, 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jian-Wei Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 1055 Sanxiang Road, Suzhou, 215008, China
| | - Fei Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital of Second Military Medical University, 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Hui Jiang
- Department of Pathology, Changhai Hospital of Second Military Medical University, 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jiu-Long Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital of Second Military Medical University, 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Mu-Yun Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital of Second Military Medical University, 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Gui-Xiang Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital of Second Military Medical University, 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xin-Gang Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital of Second Military Medical University, 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Chang Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital of Second Military Medical University, 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Zhao-Shen Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital of Second Military Medical University, 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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Ramakrishnan P, Loh WM, Gopinath SC, Bonam SR, Fareez IM, Mac Guad R, Sim MS, Wu YS. Selective phytochemicals targeting pancreatic stellate cells as new anti-fibrotic agents for chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer. Acta Pharm Sin B 2020; 10:399-413. [PMID: 32140388 PMCID: PMC7049637 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2019.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Activated pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) have been widely accepted as a key precursor of excessive pancreatic fibrosis, which is a crucial hallmark of chronic pancreatitis (CP) and its formidable associated disease, pancreatic cancer (PC). Hence, anti-fibrotic therapy has been identified as a novel therapeutic strategy for treating CP and PC by targeting PSCs. Most of the anti-fibrotic agents have been limited to phase I/II clinical trials involving vitamin analogs, which are abundant in medicinal plants and have proved to be promising for clinical application. The use of phytomedicines, as new anti-fibrotic agents, has been applied to a variety of complementary and alternative approaches. The aim of this review was to present a focused update on the selective new potential anti-fibrotic agents, including curcumin, resveratrol, rhein, emodin, green tea catechin derivatives, metformin, eruberin A, and ellagic acid, in combating PSC in CP and PC models. It aimed to describe the mechanism(s) of the phytochemicals used, either alone or in combination, and the associated molecular targets. Most of them were tested in PC models with similar mechanism of actions, and curcumin was tested intensively. Future research may explore the issues of bioavailability, drug design, and nano-formulation, in order to achieve successful clinical outcomes with promising activity and tolerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puvanesswaray Ramakrishnan
- Ageing and Age-Associated Disorders Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Wei Mee Loh
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Subash C.B. Gopinath
- School of Bioprocess Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Arau 02600, Malaysia
- Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Kangar 01000, Malaysia
| | - Srinivasa Reddy Bonam
- UMR 7242, CNRS-University of Strasbourg, Biotechnology and Cell Signaling/Laboratory of Excellence Medalis, Illkirch 67400, France
| | - Ismail M. Fareez
- Department of Oral Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, MAHSA University, Selangor 42610, Malaysia
| | - Rhanye Mac Guad
- Department of Biomedical Science and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Malaysia
| | - Maw Shin Sim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Life Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
- Corresponding authors. Tel./fax: +60 3 51022709 (Yuan Seng Wu); +60 3 79675749 (Maw Shin Sim).
| | - Yuan Seng Wu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing, MAHSA University, Selangor 42610, Malaysia
- Corresponding authors. Tel./fax: +60 3 51022709 (Yuan Seng Wu); +60 3 79675749 (Maw Shin Sim).
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Yang Y, Kim J, Park H, Lee E, Yoon K. Pancreatic stellate cells in the islets as a novel target to preserve the pancreatic β-cell mass and function. J Diabetes Investig 2020; 11:268-280. [PMID: 31872946 PMCID: PMC7078117 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There are numerous lines of clinical evidence that inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) can prevent and delay the development of diabetes. Also, the role of RAS in the pathogenesis of diabetes, including insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction, has been extensively investigated. Nevertheless, this role had not yet been fully shown. A variety of possible protective mechanisms for RAS blockers in the regulation of glucose homeostasis have been suggested. However, the direct effect on pancreatic islet fibrosis has only recently been spotlighted. Various degrees of islet fibrosis are often observed in the islets of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, which can be associated with a decrease in β-cell mass and function in these patients. Pancreatic stellate cells are thought to be deeply involved in this islet fibrosis. In this process, the activation of RAS in islets is shown to transform quiescent pancreatic stellate cells into the activated form, stimulates their proliferation and consequently leads to islet fibrotic destruction. In this article, we introduce existing clinical and experimental evidence for diabetes prevention through inhibition of RAS, and review the responsible local RAS signaling pathways in pancreatic stellate cells. Finally, we propose possible targets for the prevention of islet fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeoree Yang
- Division of Endocrinology and MetabolismDepartment of Internal MedicineCollege of MedicineSeoul St. Mary’s HospitalThe Catholic University of KoreaSeoulKorea
| | - Ji‐Won Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and MetabolismDepartment of Internal MedicineCollege of MedicineSeoul St. Mary’s HospitalThe Catholic University of KoreaSeoulKorea
| | - Heon‐Seok Park
- Division of Endocrinology and MetabolismDepartment of Internal MedicineCollege of MedicineSeoul St. Mary’s HospitalThe Catholic University of KoreaSeoulKorea
| | - Eun‐Young Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and MetabolismDepartment of Internal MedicineCollege of MedicineSeoul St. Mary’s HospitalThe Catholic University of KoreaSeoulKorea
| | - Kun‐Ho Yoon
- Division of Endocrinology and MetabolismDepartment of Internal MedicineCollege of MedicineSeoul St. Mary’s HospitalThe Catholic University of KoreaSeoulKorea
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Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the most challenging adenocarcinomas due to its hostile molecular behavior and complex tumor microenvironment. It has been recently postulated that pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs), the resident lipid-storing cells of the pancreas, are important components of the tumor microenvironment as they can transdifferentiate into highly proliferative myofibroblasts in the context of tissue injury. Targeting tumor-stromal crosstalk in the tumor microenvironment has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy against pancreatic cancer progression and metastasis. This chapter brings a broad view on the biological and pathological role of PSCs in the pancreas, activated stellate cells in the onset of tissue fibrosis, and tumor progression with particular emphasis on the bidirectional interactions between tumor cells and PSCs. Further, potential therapeutic regimens targeting activated PSCs in the pre-clinical and clinical trials are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Thomas
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Prakash Radhakrishnan
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA. .,Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA. .,Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
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Li Z, Zhang X, Jin T, Hao J. Nicotine promotes activation of human pancreatic stellate cells through inducing autophagy via α7nAChR-mediated JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. Life Sci 2020; 243:117301. [PMID: 31953160 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIM Pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) are the main functional cells leading to pancreatic fibrosis. Nicotine is widely considered as an independent risk factor of pancreatic fibrosis, but the mechanism is still unclear. Our study was aimed to explore the effects of nicotine on human pancreatic stellate cells (hPSCs) and involved pathways. MATERIALS AND METHODS Primary human PSCs were cultured and treated with nicotine (0.1 μM and 1 μM). The proliferation, apoptosis, α-SMA expression, extracellular matrix metabolism and autophagy of hPSCs were detected by CCK-8 assay, flow cytometry, real-time PCR and Western blotting analysis. The α7nAChR-mediated JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway was also examined, and an α7nAChR antagonist α-bungarotoxin (α-BTX) was used to perform inhibition experiments. KEY FINDINGS The proliferation, α-SMA expression and autophagy of hPSCs were significantly promoted by 1 μM nicotine. Meanwhile, the apoptosis of hPSCs was significantly reduced. The extracellular matrix metabolism of hPSCs was also regulated by nicotine. Moreover, the α7nAChR-mediated JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway was activated by nicotine, this pathway and effects of nicotine can be blocked by α-BTX. SIGNIFICANCE Our finding suggests that nicotine can promote activation of human pancreatic stellate cells (hPSCs) through inducing autophagy via α7nAChR-mediated JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway, providing a new insight into the mechanisms by which nicotine affects pancreatic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiren Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Xiaoyun Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Tong Jin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Jianyu Hao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China.
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Wang K, Zhan Y, Huynh N, Dumesny C, Wang X, Asadi K, Herrmann D, Timpson P, Yang Y, Walsh K, Baldwin GS, Nikfarjam M, He H. Inhibition of PAK1 suppresses pancreatic cancer by stimulation of anti-tumour immunity through down-regulation of PD-L1. Cancer Lett 2020; 472:8-18. [PMID: 31857154 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Immunotherapies have not yielded significant clinical benefits for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) because of the existence of an immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment (TME) characterized by a desmoplastic stroma containing infiltrated immune cells and activated pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs). This study aims to investigate the involvement of PAK1 in anti-tumour immunity. In PDA patients, low PAK1 expression, low activation of PSC and high CD8+ T cell/PAK1 ratios correlated with longer overall survival. In a murine PDA model, PAK1 knockout increased intra-tumoral CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, inhibited PSCs activation and extended survival. Inhibition of PAK1 reduced PSC-stimulated PDA cell proliferation and migration, blocked PSC-mediated protection of PDA cells from killing by cytotoxic lymphocytes and decreased intrinsic and PSC-stimulated PD-L1 expression in PDA cells, which further sensitized PDA cells to cytotoxic lymphocytes. Inhibition of PAK1 stimulates anti-tumour immunity by increasing intra-tumoral CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and by sensitizing PDA cells to killing by cytotoxic lymphocytes via down-regulation of intrinsic and PSC-stimulated PD-L1 expression. PAK1 inhibitors, especially in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors may result in improved efficacy of immunotherapy of PDA.
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Qian B, Wei L, Yang Z, He Q, Chen H, Wang A, Yang D, Li Q, Li J, Zheng S, Fu W. Hic-5 in pancreatic stellate cells affects proliferation, apoptosis, migration, invasion of pancreatic cancer cells and postoperative survival time of pancreatic cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 121:109355. [PMID: 31683179 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the most severe types of tumors, with a 5-year survival rate of less than 7%. The prognosis and treatment of pancreatic cancer are largely limited by the extent of tumor invasion and the presence of lymph node and distant metastases. Therefore, exploring the biological behavior of pancreatic cancer cells (PCCs) is extremely important for the understanding, diagnosis, and treatment of pancreatic cancer. Current studies have shown that pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) regulate the biological behavior of PCCs, such as their proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, and migration, by remodeling the extracellular matrix. Though Hic-5 is an important gene in PSCs, no study has investigated the regulation of PCCs by Hic-5. Here, we demonstrate that Hic-5 expression is upregulated in pancreatic cancer and that siRNA transfection can effectively inhibit Hic-5 expression. Compared to the control group, Hic-5 inhibition significantly reduced proliferation, increased apoptosis, and reduced invasion and migration of PCCs. Moreover, the inhibition of Hic-5 expression simultaneously reduced matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) expression. Statistical analysis revealed that Hic-5 expression was higher among the pancreatic cancer group than among the normal group and was negatively correlated with postoperative survival time among patients with pancreatic cancer. These results have important clinical significance for further exploring the molecular mechanism involved in Hic-5-mediated invasion and metastasis of pancreatic cancer and ameliorating the prognosis of patients with pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baolin Qian
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
| | - Liping Wei
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhongqiu Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Qinyuan He
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Ankang Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Dayin Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiu Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Silin Zheng
- Department of Nursing, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Sichuan, China.
| | - Wenguang Fu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China; Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
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Tan P, Wang A, Chen H, Du Y, Qian B, Shi H, Zhang Y, Xia X, Fu W. SPOP inhibits mice pancreatic stellate cell activation by promoting FADD degradation in cerulein-induced chronic pancreatitis. Exp Cell Res 2019; 384:111606. [PMID: 31493386 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2019.111606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) have been recognized as key mediators of pancreatic fibrosis, a characteristic feature of chronic pancreatitis (CP). As a cullin-based E3 ubiquitin ligase, speckle-type POZ protein (SPOP) has been identified to participate in tumorigenesis and organ development. However, its biological role in CP remains unknown. Therefore, this study sought to investigate the changed expression of SPOP in CP and to examine the effect on mice PSCs activation of SPOP. We found that SPOP was downregulated in the pancreatic tissues of cerulein-induced CP mice. siRNA-mediated knockdown of SPOP led to significant promotion in primary PSCs activity by activating the nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB)/interleukin-6 (IL-6) signaling pathway. In addition, we examined the effects of Fas-associated death domain (FADD), a proven SPOP substrate that activates NF-κB, on the regulation of PSCs activation. We found that FADD was downregulated by SPOP via interaction-mediated degradation, and was upregulated during PSCs activation. The promotion of PSCs activation in knocking down SPOP with siSPOP-1 were counteracted by knocking down FADD. The results suggest that the SPOP-induced inhibition of PSCs activation partially depended on FADD. These results highlight the importance of SPOP in CP and provide a potential target for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Tan
- Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China; Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Ankang Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Yichao Du
- Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China; Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Baolin Qian
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Hao Shi
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Yajun Zhang
- Chongqing Engineering Laboratory of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Kinase Modulators as Innovative Medicine, IATTI, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing, 402160, China
| | - Xianming Xia
- Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China; Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Wenguang Fu
- Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China; Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China; Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, 646000, China.
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Xiao Y, Zhang H, Ma Q, Huang R, Lu J, Liang X, Liu X, Zhang Z, Yu L, Pang J, Zhou L, Liu T, Wu H, Liang Z. YAP1-mediated pancreatic stellate cell activation inhibits pancreatic cancer cell proliferation. Cancer Lett 2019; 462:51-60. [PMID: 31352078 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) are activated in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and are responsible for dense desmoplastic stroma. Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) can induce cancer-associated fibroblast activation in liver and breast tumors, but its effect on PSCs is unknown. In the present study, we determined that YAP1 was highly expressed in the nuclei of PDAC-derived activated PSCs. RNAi-mediated or pharmacological inhibition of YAP1 led to PSC deactivation. In addition, YAP1 stimulated the expression of secreted protein acidic and cysteine rich (SPARC) in PSCs, which was inhibited by RUNX1. SPARC secreted from PSCs inhibited pancreatic cancer cell (PCC) proliferation. High expression of nuclear YAP1 in tumor stroma was significantly correlated with SPARC expression and fibrosis degree in human PDAC tissues. Our study revealed a critical role for YAP1 in the regulation of PSC activation and paracrine signaling. Our findings provide insights into a novel rationale for targeting YAP1 to reprogram the PDAC microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xiao
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, PR China; Molecular Pathology Research Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, PR China; Department of Pathology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinic Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, PR China; Molecular Pathology Research Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, PR China
| | - Qiang Ma
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, PR China; Molecular Pathology Research Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, PR China
| | - Rui Huang
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, PR China; Molecular Pathology Research Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, PR China
| | - Junliang Lu
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, PR China; Molecular Pathology Research Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, PR China
| | - Xiaolong Liang
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, PR China; Molecular Pathology Research Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, PR China
| | - Xuguang Liu
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, PR China; Molecular Pathology Research Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, PR China
| | - Zhiwen Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, PR China; Molecular Pathology Research Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, PR China
| | - Lianyuan Yu
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, PR China; Molecular Pathology Research Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, PR China
| | - Junyi Pang
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, PR China; Molecular Pathology Research Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, PR China
| | - Liangrui Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, PR China; Molecular Pathology Research Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, PR China
| | - Tonghua Liu
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, PR China; Molecular Pathology Research Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, PR China.
| | - Huanwen Wu
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, PR China; Molecular Pathology Research Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, PR China.
| | - Zhiyong Liang
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, PR China; Molecular Pathology Research Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, PR China.
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Amrutkar M, Aasrum M, Verbeke CS, Gladhaug IP. Secretion of fibronectin by human pancreatic stellate cells promotes chemoresistance to gemcitabine in pancreatic cancer cells. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:596. [PMID: 31208372 PMCID: PMC6580453 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5803-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Gemcitabine remains a cornerstone in chemotherapy of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) despite suboptimal clinical effects that are partly due to the development of chemoresistance. Pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) of the tumor stroma are known to interact with pancreatic cancer cells (PCCs) and influence the progression of PDAC through a complex network of signaling molecules that involve extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. To understand tumor-stroma interactions regulating chemosensitivity, the role of PSC-secreted fibronectin (FN) in the development of gemcitabine resistance in PDAC was examined. Methods PSC cultures obtained from ten different human PDAC tumors were co-cultured with PCC lines (AsPC-1, BxPC-3, Capan-2, HPAF-II, MIA PaCa-2, PANC-1 and SW-1990) either directly, or indirectly via incubation with PSC-conditioned medium (PSC-CM). Gemcitabine dose response cytotoxicity was determined using MTT based cell viability assays. Protein expression was assessed by western blotting and immunofluorescence. PSC-CM secretome analysis was performed by proteomics-based LC-MS/MS, and FN content in PSC-CM was determined with ELISA. Radiolabeled gemcitabine was used to determine the capacity of PCCs to uptake the drug. Results In both direct and indirect co-culture, PSCs induced varying degrees of resistance to the cytotoxic effects of gemcitabine among all cancer cell lines examined. A variable degree of increased phosphorylation of ERK1/2 was observed across all PCC lines upon incubation with PSC-CM, while activation of AKT was not detected. Secretome analysis of PSC-CM identified 796 different proteins, including several ECM-related proteins such as FN and collagens. Soluble FN content in PSC-CM was detected in the range 175–350 ng/ml. Neither FN nor PSC-CM showed any effect on PCC uptake capacity of gemcitabine. PCCs grown on FN-coated surface displayed higher resistance to gemcitabine compared to cells grown on non-coated surface. Furthermore, a FN inhibitor, synthetic Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser (RGDS) peptide significantly inhibited PSC-CM-induced chemoresistance in PCCs via downregulation of ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Conclusions The findings of this study suggest that FN secreted by PSCs in the ECM plays a key role in the development of resistance to gemcitabine via activation of ERK1/2. FN-blocking agents added to gemcitabine-based chemotherapy might counteract chemoresistance in PDAC and provide better clinical outcomes. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-019-5803-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Amrutkar
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Blindern, 0316, Oslo, Norway. .,Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, PO Box 1171, Blindern, 0318, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Monica Aasrum
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Blindern, 0316, Oslo, Norway
| | - Caroline S Verbeke
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Blindern, 0316, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Nydalen, 0424, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ivar P Gladhaug
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, PO Box 1171, Blindern, 0318, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Nydalen, 0424, Oslo, Norway
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Cui LH, Li CX, Zhuo YZ, Yang L, Cui NQ, Zhang SK. Saikosaponin d ameliorates pancreatic fibrosis by inhibiting autophagy of pancreatic stellate cells via PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 300:18-26. [PMID: 30611790 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Chronic pancreatitis is characterized by pancreatic fibrosis, associated with excessive activation of pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) and increased expression of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1). Recently, our studies have shown that autophagy inhibitor could inhibit PSCs activation and reduce collagen secretion. Saikosaponin d (SSd), the major active component of bupleurum falcatum (a medicinal plant), has anti-fibrosis effects in liver. However, it is unclear whether SSd has a role in pancreatic fibrosis. This study aimed to investigate the effect of SSd on the autophagy and activation of PSCs in vivo and in vitro. In vivo, a rat chronic pancreatitis model was induced by intravenous injection of dibutyltin dichloride. SSd was administered at a dose of 2.0 mg/kg body weight per day by gavage. After 4 weeks, the pancreas was collected for histological and molecular analysis. In vitro, PSCs were isolated and cultured for treatment with different dosages of SSd. The results showed that SSd inhibited PSCs autophagy and activation while also reducing extracellular matrix (ECM) formation and pancreatic damage. SSd inhibited autophagy through activating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. SSd also promoted degradation of ECM with an increasing ratio of MMPs/TIMPs and suppressed the TGF-β1/Smads pathway. From these results, we concluded that SSd prevents pancreatic fibrosis by reducing autophagy of PSCs through PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, which has crosstalk with the TGF-β1/Smads pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Hua Cui
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute of Acute Abdominal Diseases of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin, 300100, PR China; Nankai Clinical College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300107, PR China
| | - Cai-Xia Li
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute of Acute Abdominal Diseases of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin, 300100, PR China; Nankai Clinical College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300107, PR China
| | - Yu-Zhen Zhuo
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute of Acute Abdominal Diseases of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin, 300100, PR China; Nankai Clinical College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300107, PR China
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute of Acute Abdominal Diseases of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin, 300100, PR China; Nankai Clinical College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300107, PR China
| | - Nai-Qiang Cui
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin, 300100, PR China; Nankai Clinical College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300107, PR China
| | - Shu-Kun Zhang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute of Acute Abdominal Diseases of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin, 300100, PR China; Nankai Clinical College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300107, PR China.
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Abstract
Primary cultures of pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) remain an important basis for in vitro study. However, effective methods for isolating abundant PSCs are currently lacking. This purpose of this chapter is to report our novel approach to isolating PSCs from normal rat pancreas and human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) tissue. Normal PSCs were isolated with enzyme digestion and ladder centrifugation with Nycodenz solution. Isolated PSCs were cultured in DMEM/F12 containing 10% fetal bovine serum. Cancer-associated PSCs were obtained by an outgrow method from fresh human PDAC tissues. Isolated activated PSCs were cultured in DMEM/F12 containing 20% fetal bovine serum. With our modification, normal pancreas tissue yields an adequate number of PSCs (approximately 0.5-5 million/g pancreas) for in vitro studies, and the cell viability was about 90%. And a modified outgrowth method made tissue blocks attached more tightly and significantly shortened the outgrowth time of the activated cells. Our modification in PSC isolation methods significantly increased the isolation efficiency and shortened the culture period, thus facilitating future PSC-related research.
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Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) continues to be one of the most lethal human malignancies with a poor prognosis due to systemic metastasis and a high recurrence rate. Interactions between tumor and stromal cells play a critical role in tumor progression. However, the interaction between PSCs and pancreatic cancer cells (PCCs) and the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Coculture system with PSCs and PCCs is very useful technique platform for the in vitro and in vivo study of the interaction between these two cellular components. In this protocol, we aim to describe the cytokine profiling technique for in vitro study of PSC-PCC intercellular communication, and orthotopic xenografting animal model with coinjection of primary PSCs and PCC cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Qian
- Pancreas Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Tian
- Pancreas Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zipeng Lu
- Pancreas Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Miao
- Pancreas Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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Cao Y, Drake M, Davis J, Yang B, Ko TC. Opposing Roles of BMP and TGF-β Signaling Pathways in Pancreatitis: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implication. Adv Res Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 13:555871. [PMID: 32211568 PMCID: PMC7093075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) comprise a major subgroup of the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β superfamily. They play pivotal roles in embryonic development and tissue homeostasis in adults. Deregulation of BMP and TGF-β signaling contributes to developmental anomalies and multiple diseases. In this mini-review, we focus on BMP signaling in inflammatory disorders of the pancreas, acute and chronic pancreatitis, in contrast to TGF-β signaling. We then discuss molecular mechanisms that interact with and connect between the BMP and TGF-β signaling pathways. Lastly, we review potential implications of these molecular mechanisms for therapeutic development. In summary, BMP signaling pathway plays different roles during pancreatitis disease development, and the antagonism between BMP and TGF-β signaling can be manipulated for therapeutic development against pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanna Cao
- Corresponding author: Yanna Cao, Department of Surgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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