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Du D, Wang X, Zuo H, Li L, Hao H, Hou G, Gu P, Shao J, Tong Z. Differences in glucose homeostasis and islet injury among diverse mice strains post acute pancreatitis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 708:149780. [PMID: 38518725 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.149780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Diverse animal models have been used to study postpancreatitis diabetes mellitus (PPDM) development; however, no study has yet conducted a comparative analysis of the specific differences in glucose homeostasis and islet injury between these models. Therefore, we investigated the differences in pancreatic islet injury and glucose homeostasis among diverse strains in a cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis (AP) model to determine the appropriate animal model for PPDM. BALB/cJ, C57BL/6J, C57BL/6 N, and FVB/NJ mice were administered cerulein to induce AP. Serum amylase levels, pancreatic acinar injury, blood glucose homeostasis, islet function, and islet injury were measured and analyzed. All strains exhibited elevated amylase secretion post pancreatitis, and BALB/cJ, C57BL/6J, and C57BL/6 N mice exhibited sex-related differences. All strains exhibited pancreatic acinar injury post pancreatitis but mostly recovered within 15 days. Overall, glucose homeostasis remained balanced post pancreatitis in all strains compared to that in the control groups, except in FVB/NJ male and female mice, which exhibited an imbalance in glucose homeostasis on day 7 post pancreatitis. All the strains, except BALB/cJ mice, exhibited a decline in Homeostasis model assessment-β(HOMA-β) values post pancreatitis, with significant decrease in C57BL/6J females and FVB/NJ males. Islet size decreased post pancreatitis in all strains, except BALB/cJ mice. Pancreatic islet insulin secretion levels significantly decreased in male FVB/NJ mice post pancreatitis onset and did not recover within 15 days. Therefore, FVB/NJ male mice are a useful model for studying PPDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deren Du
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinwu Wang
- Department of Urology, Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Han Zuo
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Lianglan Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haibin Hao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Gaohuan Hou
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ping Gu
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiaqing Shao
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Zhihui Tong
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
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Qi X, Liu Q, Wei Z, Hou X, Jiang Y, Sun Y, Xu S, Yang L, He J, Liu K. Chronic exposure to BDE-47 aggravates acute pancreatitis and chronic pancreatitis by promoting acinar cell apoptosis and inflammation. Toxicol Sci 2024; 199:120-131. [PMID: 38407484 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfae024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The effect of 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47), a persistent environmental pollutant commonly used as a flame retardant in various consumer products, on pancreatitis has not been clearly elucidated, although it has been reported to be toxic to the liver, nervous system, and reproductive system. Acute pancreatitis (AP) and chronic pancreatitis (CP) models were induced in this study by intraperitoneal injection of caerulein. The aim was to investigate the impact of BDE-47 on pancreatitis by exposing the animals to acute (1 week) or chronic (8 weeks) doses of BDE-47 (30 mg/kg in the low-concentration group and 100 mg/kg in the high-concentration group). Additionally, BDE-47 was utilized to stimulate mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages, pancreatic primary stellate cells, and acinar cells in order to investigate the impact of BDE-47 on pancreatitis. In vivo experiments conducted on mice revealed that chronic exposure to BDE-47, rather than acute exposure, exacerbated the histopathological damage of AP and CP, leading to elevated fibrosis in pancreatic tissue and increased infiltration of inflammatory cells in the pancreas. In vitro experiments showed that BDE-47 can promote the expression of the inflammatory cytokines Tnf-α and Il-6 in M1 macrophages, as well as promote acinar cell apoptosis through the activation of the PERK and JNK pathways via endoplasmic reticulum stress. The findings of this study imply chronic exposure to BDE-47 may exacerbate the progression of both AP and CP by inducing acinar cell apoptosis and dysregulating inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Qi
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Qiong Liu
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Zuxing Wei
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Xuyang Hou
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Yuhong Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Yin Sun
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Pharmacology, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421200, China
| | - Shu Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Leping Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Jun He
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Kuijie Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
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Zheng P, Li XY, Yang XY, Wang H, Ding L, He C, Wan JH, Ke HJ, Lu NH, Li NS, Zhu Y. Comparative transcriptomic analysis reveals the molecular changes of acute pancreatitis in experimental models. World J Gastroenterol 2024; 30:2038-2058. [PMID: 38681131 PMCID: PMC11045495 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v30.i14.2038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute pancreatitis (AP) encompasses a spectrum of pancreatic inflammatory conditions, ranging from mild inflammation to severe pancreatic necrosis and multisystem organ failure. Given the challenges associated with obtaining human pancreatic samples, research on AP predominantly relies on animal models. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the fundamental molecular mechanisms underlying AP using various AP models. AIM To investigate the shared molecular changes underlying the development of AP across varying severity levels. METHODS AP was induced in animal models through treatment with caerulein alone or in combination with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Additionally, using Ptf1α to drive the specific expression of the hM3 promoter in pancreatic acinar cells transgenic C57BL/6J- hM3/Ptf1α(cre) mice were administered Clozapine N-oxide to induce AP. Subsequently, we conducted RNA sequencing of pancreatic tissues and validated the expression of significantly different genes using the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. RESULTS Caerulein-induced AP showed severe inflammation and edema, which were exacerbated when combined with LPS and accompanied by partial pancreatic tissue necrosis. Compared with the control group, RNA sequencing analysis revealed 880 significantly differentially expressed genes in the caerulein model and 885 in the caerulein combined with the LPS model. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis indicated substantial enrichment of the TLR and NOD-like receptor signaling pathway, TLR signaling pathway, and NF-κB signaling pathway, alongside elevated levels of apoptosis-related pathways, such as apoptosis, P53 pathway, and phagosome pathway. The significantly elevated genes in the TLR and NOD-like receptor signaling pathways, as well as in the apoptosis pathway, were validated through quantitative real-time PCR experiments in animal models. Validation from the GEO database revealed that only MYD88 concurred in both mouse pancreatic tissue and human AP peripheral blood, while TLR1, TLR7, RIPK3, and OAS2 genes exhibited marked elevation in human AP. The genes TUBA1A and GADD45A played significant roles in apoptosis within human AP. The transgenic mouse model hM3/Ptf1α(cre) successfully validated significant differential genes in the TLR and NOD-like receptor signaling pathways as well as the apoptosis pathway, indicating that these pathways represent shared pathological processes in AP across different models. CONCLUSION The TLR and NOD receptor signaling pathways play crucial roles in the inflammatory progression of AP, notably the MYD88 gene. Apoptosis holds a central position in the necrotic processes of AP, with TUBA1A and GADD45A genes exhibiting prominence in human AP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Xue-Yang Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Ling Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Cong He
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Jian-Hua Wan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Hua-Jing Ke
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Nong-Hua Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Nian-Shuang Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Yin Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
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Wang LJ, Jin YL, Pei WL, Li JC, Zhang RL, Wang JJ, Lin W. Amuc_1100 pretreatment alleviates acute pancreatitis in a mouse model through regulating gut microbiota and inhibiting inflammatory infiltration. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2024; 45:570-580. [PMID: 38012292 PMCID: PMC10834448 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-023-01186-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Amuc_1100 is a membrane protein from Akkermansia muciniphila, which has been found to play a role in host immunological homeostasis in the gastrointestinal tract by activating TLR2 and TLR4. In this study we investigated the effects and underlying mechanisms of Amuc_1100 on acute pancreatitis (AP) induced in mice by intraperitoneal injection of caerulein and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The mice were treated with the protein Amuc_1100 (3 μg, i.g.) for 20 days before caerulein injection. Cecal contents of the mice were collected for 16S rRNA sequencing. We found that pretreatment with Amuc_1100 significantly alleviated AP-associated pancreatic injury, reduced serum amylase and lipase. Amuc_1100 pretreatment significantly inhibited the expression of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IFN-γ and IL-6) in spleen and pancreas through inhibiting NF-κB signaling pathway. Moreover, Amuc_1100 pretreatment significantly decreased the inflammatory infiltration, accompanied by the reduction of Ly6C+ macrophages and neutrophils in the spleen of AP mice. Gut microbiome analysis showed that the abundance of Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Desulfobacterota and Campilobacterota was decreased, while the proportion of Firmicutes and Actinobacteriota was increased in AP mice pretreated with Amuc_1100. We further demonstrated that Amuc_1100 pretreatment restored the enrichment of tryptophan metabolism, which was mediated by intestinal flora. These results provide new evidence that Amuc_1100 lessens the severity of AP through its anti-inflammatory properties with a reduction of macrophages and neutrophil infiltration, as well as its regulation of the composition of intestinal flora and tryptophan metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Juan Wang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Yuan-Ling Jin
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Wen-Long Pei
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Jia-Cong Li
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Rui-Lin Zhang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jia-Ju Wang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Wei Lin
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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Cao F, Xiang J, Wang Y, Chen X, Lu X, Xu X, Chen L, Fan Y, Yuan C, Dong X, Zhu Q, Han C, Lu G, Xia Q, Chen W. Chaiqin chengqi decoction alleviates acute pancreatitis by targeting gasdermin D-mediated pyroptosis. J Ethnopharmacol 2024; 318:116920. [PMID: 37480969 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Acute pancreatitis (AP) is an acute inflammatory condition of pancreas with high morbidity and mortality, which has no effective medical treatment. Chaiqin chengqi decoction (CQCQD) has been clinically used for AP for many years in China. However, the underlying mechanisms are still unknown. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the mechanism of CQCQD on gasdermin D (GSDMD) -mediated pyroptosis in AP. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, network pharmacology was used to screen the potential mechanism of CQCQD protecting against AP and then we focused to investigate the mechanism of CQCQD on GSDMD mediated pyroptosis. Mouse models of AP were conducted by caerulein and L-arginine. In order to clarify the mechanism of CQCQD, two kinds of GSDMD gene knockout mice (Gsdmd-/- and Pdx1creGsdmdfl/fl) were applied. And the potential interaction between the main components of CQCQD and GSDMD was explored by molecular docking. RESULTS In the caerulein-induced AP model, CQCQD ameliorated pancreatic pathological injury, attenuated systemic inflammation and serum enzymatic levers. Moreover, network pharmacology analysis showed GSDMD mediated pyroptosis was one of the core targets of CQCQD protecting against AP. Additionally, CQCQD appreciably decreased the levels of pyroptosis-related proteins N-terminal GSDMD, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3, and cleaved Caspase-1. Furthermore, the protective effect of CQCQD was neutralized in Gsdmd-/- and Pdx1creGsdmdfl/fl mice in caerulein-induced AP. In addition, we found that CQCQD protects pancreatic tissue from damage and pancreatitis-associated lung injury in the L-arginine-induced mouse model. Moreover, all of the main components of CQCQD possessed binding activity with GSDMD by molecular docking. Seventeen components bound with the human GSDMD Cys191 successfully, which is important for GSDMD pore formation. Among the components, rhein possessed the highest binding activity. CONCLUSION CQCQD could reduce pancreatic necrosis and inflammatory response via inhibiting GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis in acinar cells of AP. Rhein may be the key active ingredient of CQCQD in suppressing pyroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Cao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Xiang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yaodong Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kunshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunshan Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Kunshan, 215300, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xijie Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xirong Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kunshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunshan Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Kunshan, 215300, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xingmeng Xu
- Pancreatic Center, Department of Gastroenterology, Yangzhou Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Institute of Digestive Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225100, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Pancreatic Center, Department of Gastroenterology, Yangzhou Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Institute of Digestive Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225100, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yinghong Fan
- Pancreatic Center, Department of Gastroenterology, Yangzhou Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Institute of Digestive Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225100, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chenchen Yuan
- Pancreatic Center, Department of Gastroenterology, Yangzhou Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Institute of Digestive Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225100, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaowu Dong
- Pancreatic Center, Department of Gastroenterology, Yangzhou Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Institute of Digestive Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225100, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qingtian Zhu
- Pancreatic Center, Department of Gastroenterology, Yangzhou Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Institute of Digestive Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225100, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chenxia Han
- West China Centre of Excellence for Pancreatitis, Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Pancreatitis Centre and West China-Liverpool Biomedical Research Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Guotao Lu
- Pancreatic Center, Department of Gastroenterology, Yangzhou Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Institute of Digestive Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225100, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qing Xia
- West China Centre of Excellence for Pancreatitis, Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Pancreatitis Centre and West China-Liverpool Biomedical Research Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Weiwei Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000, Jiangsu, China.
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Fukuda Y, Mori K, Okada H, Tomita H, Suzuki K, Takada C, Kamidani R, Kawasaki Y, Fukuda H, Minamiyama T, Nishio A, Shimada T, Kuroda A, Uchida A, Kitagawa Y, Fukuta T, Miyake T, Yoshida T, Suzuki A, Tetsuka N, Yoshida S, Ogura S. Decreased neutrophil counts prolong inflammation in acute pancreatitis and cause inflammation spillover to distant organs. Pancreatology 2023; 23:911-918. [PMID: 37981522 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2023.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE Acute pancreatitis is an aseptic inflammation caused by pathologically activated pancreatic enzymes and inflammatory mediators produced secondarily by neutrophils and other inflammatory cells and is one of the most difficult diseases to treat. This study aimed to investigate the role of neutrophils in pancreatitis by examining tissue dynamics. METHODS We created a model of caerulein-induced pancreatitis in 12-week-old male granulocyte colony-stimulating factor knockout mice (G-CSF-KO) and wild-type littermate control mice (six intraperitoneal injections of caerulein [80 μg/kg body weight] at hourly intervals for 2 days). Mice were sacrificed 0, 3, 6, 12, 24, 36, 48, 72, and 168 h after caerulein administration and examined histologically. RESULTS The survival rate after one week of caerulein administration was 100 % in the control mice, whereas it was significantly lower (10 %) in the G-CSF-KO mice. Histological examination revealed significant hemorrhage and inflammatory cell migration in the G-CSF-KO mice, indicating prolonged inflammation. CONCLUSION Prolonged inflammation was observed in the G-CSF-KO mice. Tissue cleanup by neutrophils during the acute phase of inflammation may influence healing through the chronic phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Fukuda
- Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Kosuke Mori
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Hideshi Okada
- Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan; Center for One Medicine Innovative Translational Research, Gifu University Institute for Advanced Study, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Tomita
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan; Center for One Medicine Innovative Translational Research, Gifu University Institute for Advanced Study, Japan.
| | - Kodai Suzuki
- Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Chihiro Takada
- Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Ryo Kamidani
- Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Yuki Kawasaki
- Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Hirotsugu Fukuda
- Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Toru Minamiyama
- Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Ayane Nishio
- Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Takuto Shimada
- Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Ayumi Kuroda
- Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Akihiro Uchida
- Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Kitagawa
- Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Fukuta
- Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Takahito Miyake
- Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Takahiro Yoshida
- Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Akio Suzuki
- Department of Pharmacy, Gifu University Hospital, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Tetsuka
- Department of Infection Control, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Shozo Yoshida
- Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan; Abuse Prevention Emergency Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Shinji Ogura
- Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
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7
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Wang TT, Zhang LC, Qin Z, Chen SJ, Zeng JM, Li JY, An L, Wang CY, Gao Y, Wang LM, Zhao ZX, Liu ZQ, Wang SG. Decreased syntaxin17 expression contributes to the pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis in murine models by impairing autophagic degradation. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2023; 44:2445-2454. [PMID: 37580492 PMCID: PMC10692237 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-023-01139-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis (AP) is an inflammatory disease of the exocrine pancreas. Disruptions in organelle homeostasis, including macroautophagy/autophagy dysfunction and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, have been implicated in human and rodent pancreatitis. Syntaxin 17 (STX17) belongs to the soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) subfamily. The Qa-SNARE STX17 is an autophagosomal SNARE protein that interacts with SNAP29 (Qbc-SNARE) and the lysosomal SNARE VAMP8 (R-SNARE) to drive autophagosome-lysosome fusion. In this study, we investigated the role of STX17 in the pathogenesis of AP in male mice or rats induced by repeated intraperitoneal injections of cerulein. We showed that cerulein hyperstimulation induced AP in mouse and rat models, which was characterized by increased serum amylase and lipase activities, pancreatic edema, necrotic cell death and the infiltration of inflammatory cells, as well as markedly decreased pancreatic STX17 expression. A similar reduction in STX17 levels was observed in primary and AR42J pancreatic acinar cells treated with CCK (100 nM) in vitro. By analyzing autophagic flux, we found that the decrease in STX17 blocked autophagosome-lysosome fusion and autophagic degradation, as well as the activation of ER stress. Pancreas-specific STX17 knockdown using adenovirus-shSTX17 further exacerbated pancreatic edema, inflammatory cell infiltration and necrotic cell death after cerulein injection. These data demonstrate a critical role of STX17 in maintaining pancreatic homeostasis and provide new evidence that autophagy serves as a protective mechanism against AP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Tian Wang
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Li-Chun Zhang
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zhen Qin
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Shu-Jun Chen
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jing-Min Zeng
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jing-Yan Li
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Lin An
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Cai-Yan Wang
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yong Gao
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Li-Ming Wang
- School of Biomedical Science, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Zhong-Xiang Zhao
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Zhong-Qiu Liu
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Shao-Gui Wang
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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Han C, Wang LJ, Dong ZQ, Wang PY, Lv YW, Wang D, Hu LH. Nintedanib Alleviates Chronic Pancreatitis by Inhibiting the Activation of Pancreatic Stellate Cells via the JAK/STAT3 and ERK1/2 Pathways. Dig Dis Sci 2023; 68:3644-3659. [PMID: 37526905 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-023-08052-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nintedanib (Ninte) has been approved for the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis, and whether it can ameliorate chronic pancreatitis (CP) is unknown. AIMS This study was conducted to investigate the effect and molecular mechanism of Ninte on pancreatic fibrosis and inflammation in vivo and in vitro. METHODS The caerulein-induced CP model of murine was applied, and Ninte was orally administered. Pathological changes in pancreas were evaluated using hematoxylin & eosin, Sirius Red, Masson's trichrome, and anti-Ki-67 staining. For in vitro studies, the effects of Ninte on cell viability, apoptosis, and migration of pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) were determined by CCK-8, flow cytometry, and wound healing assays, respectively. The potential molecular mechanisms of the effects of Ninte on PSCs were analyzed by RNA-Seq and verified at the gene expression and protein activity levels by qRT-PCR and Western Blot. RESULTS Ninte significantly alleviated the weight loss in mice with caerulein-induced CP and simultaneously attenuated the pancreatic damage, as evidenced by reduced acinar atrophy, collagen deposition, infiltration of inflammatory cells, and inhibited cell proliferation/regeneration. Besides, Ninte markedly suppressed the transcription of fibrogenic and proinflammatory genes in pancreatic tissues. Further in vitro studies showed that Ninte significantly inhibited the transcription and protein expression of genes corresponding to fibrogenesis and proliferation in PSCs. The results of RNA-Seq analysis and subsequent verification assays indicated that Ninte inhibited the activation and proliferation of PSCs via the JAK/STAT3 and ERK1/2 pathways. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that Ninte may be a potential anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic therapeutic agent for CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Han
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- The Hospital of 91876 Troops of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Qinhuangdao, 066299, Hebei, China
| | - Li-Juan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- Shanghai Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Zhi-Qi Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200434, China
| | - Peng-Yuan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- Shanghai Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yan-Wei Lv
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- Shanghai Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- Shanghai Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Liang-Hao Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
- National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation, Naval Medical University, 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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9
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Zhou J, Tan Q, Tong J, Tong Z, Wang C, Sun B, Fang M, Lv J. PIAS1 upregulation confers protection against Cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis via FTO downregulation by enhancing sumoylation of Foxa2. Genomics 2023; 115:110693. [PMID: 37532089 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2023.110693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This research discussed the specific mechanism by which PIAS1 affects acute pancreatitis (AP). METHODS PIAS1, Foxa2, and FTO expression was assessed in Cerulein-induced AR42J cells and mice. Loss- and gain-of-function assays and Cerulein induction were conducted in AR42J cells and mice for analysis. The relationship among PIAS1, Foxa2, and FTO was tested. Cell experiments run in triplicate, and eight mice for each animal group. RESULTS Cerulein-induced AP cells and mice had low PIAS1 and Foxa2 and high FTO. Cerulein induced pancreatic injury in mice and inflammation and oxidative stress in pancreatic tissues, which could be reversed by PIAS1 or Foxa2 upregulation or FTO downregulation. PIAS1 elevated SUMO modification of Foxa2 to repress FTO transcription. FTO upregulation neutralized the ameliorative effects of PIAS1 or Foxa2 upregulation on Cerulein-induced AR42J cell injury, inflammation, and oxidative stress. CONCLUSION PIAS1 upregulation diminished FTO transcription by increasing Foxa2 SUMO modification, thereby ameliorating Cerulein-induced AP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiandang Zhou
- Second Department of Colorectal Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, PR China
| | - Qiao Tan
- Second Department of Colorectal Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, PR China
| | - Jinxue Tong
- Second Department of Colorectal Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, PR China
| | - Zhekuan Tong
- Material Supply Center, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, PR China
| | - Chunlu Wang
- Department of Medical Administration, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, PR China
| | - Bei Sun
- Department of Pancreatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, PR China
| | - Min Fang
- Second Department of Colorectal Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, PR China
| | - Jiachen Lv
- Second Department of Colorectal Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, PR China.
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10
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Konarska-Bajda K, Ceranowicz P, Cieszkowski J, Ginter G, Chmura A, Stempniewicz A, Galazka K, Kusmierz-Cabala B, Dumnicka P, Bonior J, Sporek M, Brzozowski T, Warzecha Z. Healing effect of warfarin in the course of cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis in rats. J Physiol Pharmacol 2023; 74. [PMID: 37865961 DOI: 10.26402/jpp.2023.4.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis (AP) is the most common gastrointestinal disease leading to hospitalizations and unexpected deaths. The development of AP leads to damage of the pancreatic microcirculation with a cascade of subsequent events resulting, among others, in coagulopathy. Previous research showed that anticoagulants can be important therapeutic agents. Heparin and acenocoumarol can alleviate the course of AP, as well as accelerate healing and post-inflammatory regeneration of the pancreas. The aim of this study was to determine whether warfarin, a drug with more stable effects than acenocoumarol, affects the healing and regeneration of the pancreas in the cerulein-induced AP. AP was evoked in Wistar male rats by intraperitoneal administration of cerulein. The first dose of warfarin (45, 90 or 180 μg/kg) was administered 24 hours after the first dose of cerulein and the doses of warfarin were repeated once a day in subsequent 10 days. The severity of AP was assessed immediately after the last dose of cerulein, as well as at days 1, 2, 3, 5, and 10 after AP induction. Treatment with warfarin dose-dependently increased international normalized ratio (INR) and attenuated the severity of pancreatitis in histological examination and accelerated pancreatic recovery. These effects were accompanied with a faster reduction in the AP-evoked increase in serum activity of amylase and lipase, the serum concentration of pro-inflammatory interleukin-1β, and the plasma level of D-Dimer. In addition, treatment with warfarin decreased pancreatic weight (an index of pancreatic edema) and improved pancreatic blood flow in rats with AP. The therapeutic effect was particularly pronounced after the administration of warfarin at a dose of 90 μg/kg. We conclude that treatment with warfarin accelerated regeneration of the pancreas and recovery in the course of cerulein-induced mild-edematous acute pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Konarska-Bajda
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital in Cracow, Poland
| | - P Ceranowicz
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland.
| | - J Cieszkowski
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| | - G Ginter
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| | - A Chmura
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| | - A Stempniewicz
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| | - K Galazka
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| | - B Kusmierz-Cabala
- Chair of Biochemistry, Chair of Medical Biochemistry, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Cracow, Poland
| | - P Dumnicka
- Chair of Biochemistry, Chair of Medical Biochemistry, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Cracow, Poland
| | - J Bonior
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| | - M Sporek
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| | - T Brzozowski
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| | - Z Warzecha
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland.
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11
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O'Brien BJ, Faraoni EY, Strickland LN, Ma Z, Mota V, Mota S, Chen X, Mills T, Eltzschig HK, DelGiorno KE, Bailey‐Lundberg JM. CD73-generated extracellular adenosine promotes resolution of neutrophil-mediated tissue injury and restrains metaplasia in pancreatitis. FASEB J 2023; 37:e22684. [PMID: 36468677 PMCID: PMC9753971 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202201537r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatitis is currently the leading cause of gastrointestinal hospitalizations in the US. This condition occurs in response to abdominal injury, gallstones, chronic alcohol consumption or, less frequently, the cause remains idiopathic. CD73 is a cell surface ecto-5'-nucleotidase that generates extracellular adenosine, which can contribute to resolution of inflammation by binding adenosine receptors on infiltrating immune cells. We hypothesized genetic deletion of CD73 would result in more severe pancreatitis due to decreased generation of extracellular adenosine. CD73 knockout (CD73-/- ) and C57BL/6 (wild type, WT) mice were used to evaluate the progression and response of caerulein-induced acute and chronic pancreatitis. In response to caerulein-mediated chronic or acute pancreatitis, WT mice display resolution of pancreatitis at earlier timepoints than CD73-/- mice. Using immunohistochemistry and analysis of single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) data, we determined CD73 localization in chronic pancreatitis is primarily observed in mucin/ductal cell populations and immune cells. In murine pancreata challenged with caerulein to induce acute pancreatitis, we compared CD73-/- to WT mice and observed a significant infiltration of Ly6G+, MPO+, and Granzyme B+ cells in CD73-/- compared to WT pancreata and we quantified a significant increase in acinar-to-ductal metaplasia demonstrating sustained metaplasia and inflammation in CD73-/- mice. Using neutrophil depletion in CD73-/- mice, we show neutrophil depletion significantly reduces metaplasia defined by CK19+ cells per field and significantly reduces acute pancreatitis. These data identify CD73 enhancers as a potential therapeutic strategy for patients with acute and chronic pancreatitis as adenosine generation and activation of adenosine receptors is critical to resolve persistent inflammation in the pancreas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baylee J. O'Brien
- Center for Perioperative Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical SchoolThe University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Erika Y. Faraoni
- Center for Perioperative Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical SchoolThe University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Lincoln N. Strickland
- Center for Perioperative Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical SchoolThe University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Zhibo Ma
- Gene Expression LaboratoryThe Salk Institute for Biological SciencesSan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Victoria Mota
- Center for Perioperative Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical SchoolThe University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Samantha Mota
- Center for Perioperative Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical SchoolThe University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTexasUSA
- The Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center and The University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Xuebo Chen
- Center for Perioperative Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical SchoolThe University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Tingting Mills
- Department of Biochemistry, McGovern Medical SchoolThe University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Holger K. Eltzschig
- Center for Perioperative Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical SchoolThe University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Kathleen E. DelGiorno
- Department of Cell and Developmental BiologyVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Jennifer M. Bailey‐Lundberg
- Center for Perioperative Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical SchoolThe University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTexasUSA
- The Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center and The University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTexasUSA
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12
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Kandikattu HK, Venkateshaiah SU, Yadavalli CS, Oruganti L, Mishra A. Development and Characterization of Novel Chronic Eosinophilic Inflammation- Mediated Murine Model of Malignant Pancreatitis. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2023; 23:1303-1317. [PMID: 36043738 DOI: 10.2174/1871530322666220804104224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Develop a novel murine models of malignant pancreatitis. BACKGROUND Although patients with chronic pancreatitis are at a greater risk of developing pancreatic cancer, there is no definitive mouse model that currently develops chronic pancreatitis-induced pancreatic cancer. OBJECTIVE Characterization of eosinophilic inflammation-mediated malignant pancreatitis in novel murine model. METHODS We developed a murine model of chronic eosinophilic inflammation associated with pancreatitis that also shows characteristic features of pancreatic malignancy. The mouse received cerulein and azoxymethane via intraperitoneal administration developed pathological malignant phenotype, as well as concomitant lung inflammation. RESULTS We discovered pathological alterations in the pancreas that were associated with chronic pancreatitis, including a buildup of eosinophilic inflammation. Eosinophil degranulation was reported nearby in the pancreas tissue sections that show acinar-to-ductal metaplasia and acinar cell atrophy, both of which are characteristic of pancreatic malignancies. Additionally, we also observed the formation of PanIN lesions after three initial doses of AOM and eight weeks of cerulein with the AOM treatment regimen. We discovered that persistent pancreatic eosinophilic inflammation linked with a pancreatic malignant phenotype contributes to pulmonary damage. The RNA seq analysis also confirmed the induction of fibro-inflammatory and oncogenic proteins in pancreas and lung tissues. Further, in the current manuscript, we now report the stepwise kinetically time-dependent cellular inflammation, genes and proteins involved in the development of pancreatitis malignancy and associated acute lung injury by analyzing the mice of 3 AOM with 3, 8, and 12 weeks of the cerulein challenged protocol regime. CONCLUSION We first show that sustained long-term eosinophilic inflammation induces time-dependent proinflammatory, profibrotic and malignancy-associated genes that promote pancreatic malignancy and acute lung injury in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemanth Kumar Kandikattu
- Department of Medicine, Tulane Eosinophilic Disorders Center (TEDC), Section of Pulmonary Diseases, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Sathisha Upparahalli Venkateshaiah
- Department of Medicine, Tulane Eosinophilic Disorders Center (TEDC), Section of Pulmonary Diseases, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Chandra Sekhar Yadavalli
- Department of Medicine, Tulane Eosinophilic Disorders Center (TEDC), Section of Pulmonary Diseases, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Lokanatha Oruganti
- Department of Medicine, Tulane Eosinophilic Disorders Center (TEDC), Section of Pulmonary Diseases, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Anil Mishra
- Department of Medicine, Tulane Eosinophilic Disorders Center (TEDC), Section of Pulmonary Diseases, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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13
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Tang DS, Cao F, Yan CS, Cui JT, Guo XY, Cheng L, Li L, Li YL, Ma JM, Fang K, Gao L, Ren NS, Sun B, Wang G, Ji L. Acinar Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicle MiRNA-183-5p Aggravates Acute Pancreatitis by Promoting M1 Macrophage Polarization Through Downregulation of FoxO1. Front Immunol 2022; 13:869207. [PMID: 35911777 PMCID: PMC9326086 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.869207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a common cause of a clinically acute abdomen. Crosstalk between acinar cells and leukocytes (especially macrophages) plays an important role in the development of AP. However, the mechanism mediating the interaction between acinar cells and macrophages is still unclear. This study was performed to explore the role of acinar cell extracellular vesicles (EVs) in the crosstalk between acinar cells and macrophages involved in the pathogenesis of AP. EVs derived from caerulein-treated acinar cells induced macrophage infiltration and aggravated pancreatitis in an AP rat model. Further research showed that acinar cell-derived EV miR-183-5p led to M1 macrophage polarization by downregulating forkhead box protein O1 (FoxO1), and a dual-luciferase reporter assay confirmed that FoxO1 was directly inhibited by miR-183-5p. In addition, acinar cell-derived EV miR-183-5p reduced macrophage phagocytosis. Acinar cell-derived EV miR-183-5p promoted the pancreatic infiltration of M1 macrophages and increased local and systemic damage in vivo. Subsequently, miR-183-5p overexpression in macrophages induced acinar cell damage and trypsin activation, thus further exacerbating the disease. In clinical samples, elevated miR-183-5p levels were detected in serum EVs and positively correlated with the severity of AP. EV miR-183-5p might play an important role in the development of AP by facilitating M1 macrophage polarization, providing a new insight into the diagnosis and targeted management of pancreatitis. Graphical abstract of the present study. In our caerulein-induced AP model, miR-183-5p was upregulated in injured acinar cells and transported by EVs to macrophages. miR-183-5p could induce M1 macrophage polarization through downregulation of FoxO1 and the release of inflammatory cytokines, which could aggravate AP-related injuries. Therefore, a vicious cycle might exist between injured ACs and M1 macrophage polarization, which is fulfilled by EV-transported miR-183-5p, leading to sustainable and progressive AP-related injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-sheng Tang
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Feng Cao
- Department of General Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Clinical Center for Acute Pancreatitis, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chang-sheng Yan
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Ji-tao Cui
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Xiao-yu Guo
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Long Cheng
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Le Li
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Yi-long Li
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Jia-min Ma
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Kun Fang
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Lei Gao
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Nian-sheng Ren
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Bei Sun
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Gang Wang, ; Liang Ji,
| | - Liang Ji
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Gang Wang, ; Liang Ji,
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14
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Daniluk J, Daniluk U, Rogalski P, Swidnicka-Siergiejko A, Wasielica-Berger J, Kucharski RJ, Antonowicz S, Reszec J, Lotowska JM, Zabielski P, Blachnio-Zabielska A, Dabrowski A. The development of cigarette smoke induced chronic pancreatitis in mice is associated with increased expression of K-Ras and NF-κB. Ann Agric Environ Med 2022; 29:246-251. [PMID: 35767758 DOI: 10.26444/aaem/144600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE Epidemiological studies have demonstrated a strong association between cigarette smoking (CS) and chronic pancreatitis (CP); however, the exact mechanisms of this phenomenon remains unknown. The authors have previously shown that increased Ras expression activates the NF-κB mediated pathway and promotes development of CP. However, it is unclear whether a similar phenomenon occurs in CS-induced CP. Therefore, the aim of the study was to determine whether CS increases the expression of K-Ras, and promotes the development of CP in mice exposed to repeated episodes of acute pancreatitis (AP). MATERIAL AND METHODS C57BL6/cmdb mice were exposed to CS or a sham treatment for 12 weeks. After one week of exposure, half of the animals from both groups were additionally subjected to repeated cerulein treatment (once a week, for 10 consecutive weeks) to mimic recurrent episodes of AP. Extension of pancreatic damage was determined histologically by H&E and Trichrome staining. The expression of K-Ras protein and downstream components (NF-κB, Cox-2, TGF-β) was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS C57BL6/cmdb mice exposed to CS or cerulein alone did not develop any chronic pancreatic damage. However, concomitant treatment with both of these agents caused focal acinar atrophy, with slight intralobular and perivascular areas of fibrosis, and inflammatory cells infiltration resembling mild CP. Moreover, immunohistochemistry examinations revealed increased pancreatic expression of K-Ras and NF-κB only in mice treated both with CS and cerulein. CONCLUSIONS CS promotes development of CP in mice exposed to repeated episodes of AP. This process may be, at least partially, related to increased expression of K-Ras and NF-κB protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaroslaw Daniluk
- Department of Gastroenterology and Internal Medicine, Medical University, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Urszula Daniluk
- Department of Paediatrics, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Nutrition and Allergology, Medical University, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Pawel Rogalski
- Department of Gastroenterology and Internal Medicine, Medical University, Bialystok, Poland
| | | | | | - Rafal Jacek Kucharski
- Department of Gastroenterology and Internal Medicine, Medical University, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Stefania Antonowicz
- Department of Gastroenterology and Internal Medicine, Medical University, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Joanna Reszec
- Department of Pathomorphology, Medical University, Bialystok, Poland
| | | | - Piotr Zabielski
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University, Bialystok, Poland
| | | | - Andrzej Dabrowski
- Department of Gastroenterology and Internal Medicine, Medical University, Bialystok, Poland
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15
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Hagen CM, Roth E, Graf TR, Verrey F, Graf R, Gupta A, Pellegrini G, Poncet N, Camargo SMR. Loss of LAT1 sex-dependently delays recovery after caerulein-induced acute pancreatitis. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:1024-1054. [PMID: 35431492 PMCID: PMC8968515 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i10.1024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The expression of amino acid transporters is known to vary during acute pancreatitis (AP) except for LAT1 (slc7a5), the expression of which remains stable. LAT1 supports cell growth by importing leucine and thereby stimulates mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) activity, a phenomenon often observed in cancer cells. The mechanisms by which LAT1 influences physiological and pathophysiological processes and affects disease progression in the pancreas are not yet known.
AIM To evaluate the role of LAT1 in the development of and recovery from AP.
METHODS AP was induced with caerulein (cae) injections in female and male mice expressing LAT1 or after its knockout (LAT1 Cre/LoxP). The development of the initial AP injury and its recovery were followed for seven days after cae injections by daily measuring body weight, assessing microscopical tissue architecture, mRNA and protein expression, protein synthesis, and enzyme activity levels, as well as by testing the recruitment of immune cells by FACS and ELISA.
RESULTS The initial injury, evaluated by measurements of plasma amylase, lipase, and trypsin activity, as well as the gene expression of dedifferentiation markers, did not differ between the groups. However, early metabolic adaptations that support regeneration at later stages were blunted in LAT1 knockout mice. Especially in females, we observed less mTOR reactivation and dysfunctional autophagy. The later regeneration phase was clearly delayed in female LAT1 knockout mice, which did not regain normal expression of the pancreas-specific differentiation markers recombining binding protein suppressor of hairless-like protein (rbpjl) and basic helix-loop-helix family member A15 (mist1). Amylase mRNA and protein levels remained lower, and, strikingly, female LAT1 knockout mice presented signs of fibrosis lasting until day seven. In contrast, pancreas morphology had returned to normal in wild-type littermates.
CONCLUSION LAT1 supports the regeneration of acinar cells after AP. Female mice lacking LAT1 exhibited more pronounced alterations than male mice, indicating a sexual dimorphism of amino acid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina M Hagen
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich 8057, ZH, Switzerland
| | - Eva Roth
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich 8057, ZH, Switzerland
| | - Theresia Reding Graf
- Swiss Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Center, Department of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Zurich University Hospital, Zurich 8091, ZH, Switzerland
| | - François Verrey
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich 8057, ZH, Switzerland
| | - Rolf Graf
- Swiss Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Center, Department of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Zurich University Hospital, Zurich 8091, ZH, Switzerland
| | - Anurag Gupta
- Swiss Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Center, Department of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Zurich University Hospital, Zurich 8091, ZH, Switzerland
| | - Giovanni Pellegrini
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, University of Zurich, Zurich 8057, ZH, Switzerland
| | - Nadège Poncet
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich 8057, ZH, Switzerland
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16
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Tao J, Cheema H, Kesh K, Dudeja V, Dawra R, Roy S. Chronic pancreatitis in a caerulein-induced mouse model is associated with an altered gut microbiome. Pancreatology 2022; 22:30-42. [PMID: 34949545 PMCID: PMC8748396 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2021.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is an inflammatory disease of the pancreas with loss of exocrine/endocrine functions as well as development of fibrosis. Dysbiosis of gut microbiome has been shown to be involved in the pathogenesis of many disease processes. Therefore, we aim to investigate the alteration in gut microbiome associated with CP in caerulein-induced mouse model. METHODS CP was induced in C57Bl/6 by using caerulein injections (50 μg/kg/h, i.p., x7, twice weekly for 10 weeks). Stool samples were collected either one week after end of injection (10-week CP) or 6 weeks (16-week CP). DNA was extracted from stool samples and V4 region of 16S rDNA was sequenced for microbiome analysis. RESULTS CP was strongly associated with the alteration in the composition of the gut microbiome, evidenced by differences in α and β diversity. When β diversity was measured using both weighted and unweighted UniFrac distances, stool from control mice is significantly different from mice on 10-week or 16-week CP (q < 0.01). The α-diversity measured by Faith's phylogenetic diversity was lowest in stool from healthy control and highest in stool from mice with 16-week CP (p < 0.001). Bacteria taxa differentially enriched in CP samples were detected using linear discriminant analysis. Bacteria from genera Bifidobacterium, Akkermansia, and Desulfovibrio were enriched in samples from 10-week CP mice. Bacteria from genera Allobaculum, Prevotella, and Bacteroides were enriched in samples from 16-week CP mice. CONCLUSION Together, these analyses reveal pronounced alteration in the gut microbiome composition, diversity, and function when mice develop CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Tao
- Department of Surgery, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - H Cheema
- Department of Surgery, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - K Kesh
- Department of Surgery, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - V Dudeja
- Department of Surgery, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - R Dawra
- Department of Surgery, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
| | - S Roy
- Department of Surgery, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
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17
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Takauji S, Konishi H, Fujiya M, Ueno N, Tanaka H, Sato H, Isozaki S, Kashima S, Moriichi K, Mizukami Y, Okumura T. Polyphosphate, Derived from Lactobacillus brevis, Modulates the Intestinal Microbiome and Attenuates Acute Pancreatitis. Dig Dis Sci 2021; 66:3872-3884. [PMID: 33492535 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-020-06747-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously showed that Lactobacillus brevis-derived polyphosphate (poly P) exerts a curative effect on intestinal inflammation. However, whether or not poly P improves the inflammation and injury of distant organs remains unclear. AIMS We aimed to investigate the change in the intestinal microbiome and to evaluate the protective effect of poly P on injuries in a cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis (AP) mouse. METHODS Poly P was orally administered to BALB/C mice every day for 24 days, and then mice were intraperitoneally injected with cerulein. Before cerulein injection, stool samples were collected and analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Mice were sacrificed at 24 h after the last cerulein injection; subsequently, the serum, pancreas, and colon were collected. RESULTS The microbial profile differed markedly between poly P and control group. Notably, the levels of beneficial bacteria, including Alistipes and Candidatus_Saccharimonas, were significantly increased, while those of the virulent bacteria Desulfovibrio were decreased in the poly P group. The elevations of the serum amylase and lipase levels by cerulein treatment were suppressed by the pre-administration of poly P for 24 days, but not for 7 days. The numbers of cells MPO-positive by immunohistology were decreased and the levels of MCP-1 significantly reduced in the AP + Poly P group. An immunofluorescence analysis showed that the ZO-1 and occludin in the colon was strongly augmented in the epithelial cell membrane layer in the AP + Poly P group. CONCLUSIONS Poly P attenuates AP through both modification of the intestinal microbiome and enhancement of the intestinal barrier integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei Takauji
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, 2-1, Midorigaoka Higashi, Asahikawa, 078-8510, Japan
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, Division of Metabolism and Biosystemic Science, Gastroenterology, and Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, 2-1, Midorigaoka Higashi, Asahikawa, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Konishi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Advanced Medical Sciences, Asahikawa Medical University, 2-1, Midorigaoka Higashi, Asahikawa, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Mikihiro Fujiya
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, Division of Metabolism and Biosystemic Science, Gastroenterology, and Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, 2-1, Midorigaoka Higashi, Asahikawa, 078-8510, Japan.
- Department of Gastroenterology and Advanced Medical Sciences, Asahikawa Medical University, 2-1, Midorigaoka Higashi, Asahikawa, 078-8510, Japan.
| | - Nobuhiro Ueno
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, Division of Metabolism and Biosystemic Science, Gastroenterology, and Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, 2-1, Midorigaoka Higashi, Asahikawa, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroki Tanaka
- Division of Tumor Pathology, Department of Pathology, Asahikawa Medical University, 2-1, Midorigaoka Higashi, Asahikawa, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroki Sato
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, Division of Metabolism and Biosystemic Science, Gastroenterology, and Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, 2-1, Midorigaoka Higashi, Asahikawa, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Shotaro Isozaki
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, Division of Metabolism and Biosystemic Science, Gastroenterology, and Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, 2-1, Midorigaoka Higashi, Asahikawa, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Shin Kashima
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, Division of Metabolism and Biosystemic Science, Gastroenterology, and Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, 2-1, Midorigaoka Higashi, Asahikawa, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Kentaro Moriichi
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, Division of Metabolism and Biosystemic Science, Gastroenterology, and Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, 2-1, Midorigaoka Higashi, Asahikawa, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Yusuke Mizukami
- Cancer Genetics, Division of Metabolism and Biosystemic Science, Gastroenterology, and Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, 2-1, Midorigaoka Higashi, Asahikawa, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Toshikatsu Okumura
- Division of Metabolism and Biosystemic Science, Gastroenterology, and Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, 2-1, Midorigaoka Higashi, Asahikawa, 078-8510, Japan
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18
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Zhao ZF, Zhang Y, Sun Y, Zhang CH, Liu MW. Protective effects of baicalin on caerulein-induced AR42J pancreatic acinar cells by attenuating oxidative stress through miR-136-5p downregulation. Sci Prog 2021; 104:368504211026118. [PMID: 34176350 PMCID: PMC10305831 DOI: 10.1177/00368504211026118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Baicalin, the main active component of Scutellaria baicalensis, has antioxidant and anti-apoptotic effects and is used to treat acute pancreatitis; however, its specific mechanism is unclear. This study aims to determine the protective effect and underlying mechanism of baicalin on AR42J pancreatic acinar cell injury. AR42J acinar cells (caerulein, 10 nmol/L) were induced in vitro to establish a cell model for acute pancreatitis. Cell relative survival was measured by thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide, and cell apoptosis and death were examined by flow cytometry. The expression levels of superoxide dismutase1 (SOD1), Bax, survivin, Bcl-2, caspase-3, and caspase-7 proteins were analyzed by Western blot, and those of SOD1 mRNA and miR-136-5p were determined by RT-PCR. The activities of GSH, SOD1, ROS, and MDA were also investigated. Compared with those of the caerulein group, the relative survival rate and activity of AR42J pancreatic acinar cells with different baicalin concentrations were significantly increased (p < 0.05), and the supernatant amylase level was markedly decreased (p < 0.05). In addition, the ROS and MDA activities and mir-136-5p expression were significantly decreased, and the GSH activities and SOD1 gene and protein expression levels were markedly increased (p < 0.05). These results suggest that baicalin reduced the caerulein-induced death of AR42J acinar cells and alleviated the caerulein-induced injury in pancreatic acinar cells by inhibiting oxidative stress. The mechanism may be related to the decreased expression of Mir-136-5p and the increased expression of SOD1 gene and protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu-fen Zhao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, First
Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Ye Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese
Medicine, The Third People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Yang Sun
- Department of Nephrology, The Sixth
Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yuxi, Yunnan, China
| | - Chun-hai Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, First
Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Ming-wei Liu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, First
Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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Bansod S, Chilvery S, Saifi MA, Das TJ, Tag H, Godugu C. Borneol protects against cerulein-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in acute pancreatitis mice model. Environ Toxicol 2021; 36:530-539. [PMID: 33166053 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Borneol is a commonly used flavouring substance in traditional Chinese medicine, which possesses several pharmacological activities including analgesic, antiinflammatory, and antioxidant properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of borneol on cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis (AP) model. Swiss albino mice were pretreated with borneol (100 and 300 mg/kg) daily for 7 days, before six consecutive injections of cerulein (50 μg/kg/hr, intraperitoneally). The protective effect of borneol was studied by biochemical, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, histological, immunoblotting, and immunohistochemical analysis. Oral administration of borneol significantly attenuated pancreatic damage by reducing amylase, lipase levels and histological changes. Borneol attenuated cerulein-induced oxidative-nitrosative stress by decreasing malondialdehyde, nitrite levels, and elevating reduced glutathione levels. Pancreatic inflammation was ameliorated by inhibiting myeloperoxidase activity and pro-inflammatory cytokine (Interleukins and TNF-α) levels. Furthermore, borneol administration significantly increased nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), superoxide dismutase (SOD1) expression and reduced phospho-NF-κB p65 expression. Treatment with borneol significantly inhibited TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and inducible nitric oxide synthase expression in cerulein-induced AP mouse model. Together, these results indicate that borneol which is currently used as US-FDA approved food adjuvant has the potential to attenuate cerulein-induced AP possibly by reducing the oxidative damage and pancreatic inflammation by modulating Nrf2/NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sapana Bansod
- Department of Regulatory Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Shrilekha Chilvery
- Department of Regulatory Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Mohd Aslam Saifi
- Department of Regulatory Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Tridip Jyoti Das
- Department of Botany, Rajiv Gandhi University, Ron Hills, Doimukh, Arunachal Pradesh, India
| | - Hui Tag
- Department of Botany, Rajiv Gandhi University, Ron Hills, Doimukh, Arunachal Pradesh, India
| | - Chandraiah Godugu
- Department of Regulatory Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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20
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McIlwrath SL, Starr ME, High AE, Saito H, Westlund KN. Effect of acetyl-L-carnitine on hypersensitivity in acute recurrent caerulein-induced pancreatitis and microglial activation along the brain’s pain circuitry. World J Gastroenterol 2021; 27:794-814. [PMID: 33727771 PMCID: PMC7941858 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i9.794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute pancreatitis (AP) and recurring AP are serious health care problems causing excruciating pain and potentially lethal outcomes due to sepsis. The validated caerulein- (CAE) induced mouse model of acute/recurring AP produces secondary persistent hypersensitivity and anxiety-like behavioral changes for study.
AIM To determine efficacy of acetyl-L-carnitine (ALC) to reduce pain-related behaviors and brain microglial activation along the pain circuitry in CAE-pancreatitis.
METHODS Pancreatitis was induced with 6 hly intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections of CAE (50 µg/kg), 3 d a week for 6 wk in male C57BL/6J mice. Starting in week 4, mice received either vehicle or ALC until experiment’s end. Mechanical hyper-sensitivity was assessed with von Frey filaments. Heat hypersensitivity was determined with the hotplate test. Anxiety-like behavior was tested in week 6 using elevated plus maze and open field tests. Microglial activation in brain was quantified histologically by immunostaining for ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba1).
RESULTS Mice with CAE-induced pancreatitis had significantly reduced mechanical withdrawal thresholds and heat response latencies, indicating ongoing pain. Treatment with ALC attenuated inflammation-induced hypersensitivity, but hypersensitivity due to abdominal wall injury caused by repeated intraperitoneal injections persisted. Animals with pancreatitis displayed spontaneous anxiety-like behavior in the elevated plus maze compared to controls. Treatment with ALC resulted in increased numbers of rearing activity events, but time spent in “safety” was not changed. After all the abdominal injections, pancreata were translucent if excised at experiment’s end and opaque if excised on the subsequent day, indicative of spontaneous healing. Post mortem histopathological analysis performed on pancreas sections stained with Sirius Red and Fast Green identified wide-spread fibrosis and acinar cell atrophy in sections from mice with CAE-induced pancreatitis that was not rescued by treatment with ALC. Microglial Iba1 immunostaining was significantly increased in hippocampus, thalamus (intralaminar nuclei), hypothalamus, and amygdala of mice with CAE-induced pancreatitis compared to naïve controls but unchanged in the primary somatosensory cortex compared to naïves.
CONCLUSION CAE-induced pancreatitis caused increased pain-related behaviors, pancreatic fibrosis, and brain microglial changes. ALC alleviated CAE-induced mechanical and heat hypersensitivity but not abdominal wall injury-induced hypersensitivity caused by the repeated injections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina L McIlwrath
- Research Service, New Mexico Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Albuquerque, NM 87108, United States
| | - Marlene E Starr
- Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, United States
| | - Abigail E High
- College of Liberal Arts, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, United States
| | - Hiroshi Saito
- Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, United States
| | - Karin N Westlund
- Research Service, New Mexico Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Albuquerque, NM 87108, United States
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, United States
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21
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Zhao H, Jiang S. MiR-204-5p Performs a Protective Effect on Cerulein-Induced Rat Pancreatic Acinar Cell AR42J Cell Damage by Targeting Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase/Tryptophan 5-Monooxygenase Activation Protein Gamma and Regulating PI3K/Hippo Pathways. Pancreas 2021; 50:243-250. [PMID: 33565802 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000001748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This research plans to address the function of miR-204-5p/tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein gamma (YWHAG) in cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis (AP). METHODS Rat pancreatic acinar cell AR42J was stimulated by 100 nmol/L of cerulein to mimic the situation in AP. Gene Expression Omnibus database was used to select differentially expressed genes. StarBase database and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis were used to select the target genes of miR-204-5p, which were further affirmed by dual luciferase assay. The biological behaviors of AR42J cells were measured by cell proliferation and flow cytometry assays. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot assays were executed to assess YWHAG expression. The secretion of C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 2/Timp metallopeptidase inhibitor 1 in AR42J cells was evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The protein expression of YAP1/p-YAP1/PI3K/p-PI3K was measured by western blot. RESULTS miR-204-5p expression was profoundly reduced in cerulein-induced AP model. YWHAG was upregulated in cerulein-induced AP model and related to C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 2/Timp1. In addition to the negative association between miR-204-5p and YWHAG, the alleviation impact of miR-204-5p mimic on cerulein-induced AR42J cell damage was blocked by YWHAG overexpression and PI3K/Hippo signaling pathways activation. CONCLUSIONS These observations indicated that the alleviation impact of miR-204-5p on cerulein-induced AR42J cell damage was mediated via YWHAG and PI3K/Hippo signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Zhao
- From the Department of Gastroenterology, Central Hospital of Shanxian, Heze
| | - Shaolian Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second People's Hospital of Jingmen, Jingmen, China
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22
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Ferrero-Andrés A, Panisello-Roselló A, Roselló-Catafau J, Folch-Puy E. Polyethylene glycol 35 ameliorates pancreatic inflammatory response in cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis in rats. World J Gastroenterol 2020; 26:5970-5982. [PMID: 33132648 PMCID: PMC7584060 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i39.5970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a sudden inflammatory process of the pancreas that may also involve surrounding tissues and/or remote organs. Inflammation and parenchymal cell death are common pathological features of this condition and determinants of disease severity. Polyethylene glycols (PEGs) are non-immunogenic, non-toxic water-soluble polymers widely used in biological, chemical, clinical and pharmaceutical settings.
AIM To evaluate the protective effect of a 35-kDa molecular weight PEG (PEG35) on the pancreatic damage associated to cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis in vivo and in vitro.
METHODS Wistar rats were assigned at random to a control group, a cerulein–induced AP group and a PEG35 treatment group. AP was induced by five hourly intraperitoneal injections of cerulein (50 μg/kg/bw), while the control animals received saline solution. PEG35 was administered intraperitoneally 10 minutes before each cerulein injection in a dose of 10 mg/kg. After AP induction, samples of pancreatic tissue and blood were collected for analysis. AR42J pancreatic acinar cells were treated with increasing concentrations of PEG35 prior to exposure with tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), staurosporine or cerulein. The severity of AP was determined on the basis of plasma levels of lipase, lactate dehydrogenase activity, pancreatic edema and histological changes. To evaluate the extent of the inflammatory response, the gene expression of inflammation-associated markers was determined in the pancreas and in AR42J-treated cells. Inflammation-induced cell death was also measured in models of in vivo and in vitro pancreatic damage.
RESULTS Administration of PEG35 significantly improved pancreatic damage through reduction on lipase levels and tissue edema in cerulein-induced AP rats. The increased associated inflammatory response caused by cerulein administration was attenuated by a decrease in the gene expression of inflammation-related cytokines and inducible nitric oxide synthase enzyme in the pancreas. In contrast, pancreatic tissue mRNA expression of interleukin 10 was markedly increased. PEG35 treatment also protected against inflammation-induced cell death by attenuating lactate dehydrogenase activity and modulating the pancreatic levels of apoptosis regulator protein BCL-2 in cerulein hyperstimulated rats. Furthermore, the activation of pro-inflammatory markers and inflammation-induced cell death in pancreatic acinar cells treated with TNFα, cerulein or staurosporine was significantly reduced by PEG35 treatment, in a dose-dependent manner.
CONCLUSION PEG35 ameliorates pancreatic damage in cerulein-induced AP and AR42J-treated cells through the attenuation of the inflammatory response and associated cell death. PEG35 may be a valuable option in the management of AP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Ferrero-Andrés
- Experimental Pathology Department, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones científicas, Barcelona 08036, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Arnau Panisello-Roselló
- Experimental Pathology Department, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones científicas, Barcelona 08036, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Joan Roselló-Catafau
- Experimental Pathology Department, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones científicas, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona 08036, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Emma Folch-Puy
- Experimental Pathology Department, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones científicas, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona 08036, Catalonia, Spain
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Chen R, Hornemann T, Štefanić S, Schraner EM, Zuellig R, Reding T, Malagola E, Henstridge DC, Hills AP, Graf R, Sonda S. Serine administration as a novel prophylactic approach to reduce the severity of acute pancreatitis during diabetes in mice. Diabetologia 2020; 63:1885-1899. [PMID: 32385601 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-020-05156-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Compared with the general population, individuals with diabetes have a higher risk of developing severe acute pancreatitis, a highly debilitating and potentially lethal inflammation of the exocrine pancreas. In this study, we investigated whether 1-deoxysphingolipids, atypical lipids that increase in the circulation following the development of diabetes, exacerbate the severity of pancreatitis in a diabetic setting. METHODS We analysed whether administration of an L-serine-enriched diet to mouse models of diabetes, an established method for decreasing the synthesis of 1-deoxysphingolipids in vivo, reduced the severity of acute pancreatitis. Furthermore, we elucidated the molecular mechanisms underlying the lipotoxicity exerted by 1-deoxysphingolipids towards rodent pancreatic acinar cells in vitro. RESULTS We demonstrated that L-serine supplementation reduced the damage of acinar tissue resulting from the induction of pancreatitis in diabetic mice (average histological damage score: 1.5 in L-serine-treated mice vs 2.7 in the control group). At the cellular level, we showed that L-serine decreased the production of reactive oxygen species, endoplasmic reticulum stress and cellular apoptosis in acinar tissue. Importantly, these parameters, together with DNA damage, were triggered in acinar cells upon treatment with 1-deoxysphingolipids in vitro, suggesting that these lipids are cytotoxic towards pancreatic acinar cells in a cell-autonomous manner. In search of the initiating events of the observed cytotoxicity, we discovered that 1-deoxysphingolipids induced early mitochondrial dysfunction in acinar cells, characterised by ultrastructural alterations, impaired oxygen consumption rate and reduced ATP synthesis. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Our results suggest that 1-deoxysphingolipids directly damage the functionality of pancreatic acinar cells and highlight that an L-serine-enriched diet may be used as a promising prophylactic intervention to reduce the severity of pancreatitis in the context of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Chen
- Swiss Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Center, Department of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thorsten Hornemann
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Saša Štefanić
- Institute of Parasitology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Elisabeth M Schraner
- Institute of Veterinary Anatomy and Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Richard Zuellig
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Theresia Reding
- Swiss Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Center, Department of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ermanno Malagola
- Swiss Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Center, Department of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Darren C Henstridge
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS, 7250, Australia
| | - Andrew P Hills
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS, 7250, Australia
| | - Rolf Graf
- Swiss Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Center, Department of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sabrina Sonda
- Swiss Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Center, Department of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS, 7250, Australia.
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Wen L, Javed TA, Dobbs AK, Brown R, Niu M, Li L, Khalid A, Barakat MT, Xiao X, Yimlamai D, Konnikova L, Yu M, Byersdorfer CA, Husain SZ. The Protective Effects of Calcineurin on Pancreatitis in Mice Depend on the Cellular Source. Gastroenterology 2020; 159:1036-1050.e8. [PMID: 32445858 PMCID: PMC7502475 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.05.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Calcineurin is a ubiquitously expressed central Ca2+-responsive signaling molecule that mediates acute pancreatitis, but little is known about its effects. We compared the effects of calcineurin expression by hematopoietic cells vs pancreas in mouse models of pancreatitis and pancreatitis-associated lung inflammation. METHODS We performed studies with mice with hematopoietic-specific or pancreas-specific deletion of protein phosphatase 3, regulatory subunit B, alpha isoform (PPP3R1, also called CNB1), in mice with deletion of CNB1 (Cnb1UBC△/△) and in the corresponding controls for each deletion of CNB1. Acute pancreatitis was induced in mice by administration of caerulein or high-pressure infusion of radiocontrast into biliopancreatic ducts; some mice were also given intraductal infusions of an adeno-associated virus vector that expressed nuclear factor of activated T -cells (NFAT)-luciferase into pancreas. Pancreas, bone marrow, liver, kidney, heart, and lung were collected and analyzed by histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and immunoblots; levels of cytokines were measured in serum. Mouse and human primary pancreatic acinar cells were transfected with a vector that expressed NFAT-luciferase and incubated with an agent that blocks interaction of NFAT with calcineurin; cells were analyzed by immunofluorescence. Calcineurin-mediated neutrophil chemotaxis and reactive oxygen species production were measured in neutrophils from mice. RESULTS Mice with hematopoietic-specific deletion of CNB1 developed the same level of local pancreatic inflammation as control mice after administration of caerulein or infusion of radiocontrast into biliopancreatic ducts. Cnb1UBC△/△ mice or mice with pancreas-specific deletion of CNB1 developed less severe pancreatitis and reduced pancreatic inflammation after administration of caerulein or infusion of radiocontrast into biliopancreatic ducts compared with control mice. NFAT was activated in pancreas of Swiss Webster mice given caerulein or infusions of radiocontrast into biliopancreatic ducts. Blocking the interaction between calcineurin and NFAT did not reduce pancreatic acinar cell necrosis in response to caerulein or infusions of radiocontrast. Mice with hematopoietic-specific deletion of CNB1 (but not mice with pancreas-specific deletion of CNB1) had reduced infiltration of lung tissues by neutrophils. Neutrophil chemotaxis and production of reactive oxygen species were decreased after incubation with a calcineurin inhibitor. CONCLUSIONS Hematopoietic and neutrophil expression of calcineurin promotes pancreatitis-associated lung inflammation, whereas pancreatic calcineurin promotes local pancreatic inflammation. The findings indicate that the protective effects of blocking or deleting calcineurin on pancreatitis are mediated by the source of its expression. This information should be used in the development of strategies to inhibit calcineurin for the prevention of pancreatitis and pancreatitis-associated lung inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Tanveer A Javed
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and the Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Andrea K Dobbs
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapies, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and the Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Rebecca Brown
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapies, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and the Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Mengya Niu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liwen Li
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Asna Khalid
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California
| | - Monique T Barakat
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California; Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California
| | - Xiangwei Xiao
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and the Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Dean Yimlamai
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and the Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Liza Konnikova
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and the Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Mang Yu
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California
| | - Craig A Byersdorfer
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapies, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and the Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Sohail Z Husain
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California.
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Tan JH, Cao RC, Zhou L, Zhou ZT, Chen HJ, Xu J, Chen XM, Jin YC, Lin JY, Zeng JL, Li SJ, Luo M, Hu GD, Yang XB, Jin J, Zhang GW. ATF6 aggravates acinar cell apoptosis and injury by regulating p53/AIFM2 transcription in Severe Acute Pancreatitis. Theranostics 2020; 10:8298-8314. [PMID: 32724472 PMCID: PMC7381726 DOI: 10.7150/thno.46934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: There is no curative therapy for severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) due to poor understanding of its molecular mechanisms. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is involved in SAP and increased expression of ATF6 has been detected in SAP patients. Here, we aimed to investigate the role of ATF6 in a preclinical SAP mouse model and characterize its regulatory mechanism. Methods: Pancreatic tissues of healthy and SAP patients were collected during surgery. Humanized PRSS1 transgenic mice were treated with caerulein to mimic the SAP development, which was crossed to an ATF6 knockout mouse line, and pancreatic tissues from the resulting pups were screened by proteomics. Adenovirus-mediated delivery to the pancreas of SAP mice was used for shRNA-based knockdown or overexpression. The potential functions and mechanisms of ATF6 were clarified by immunofluorescence, immunoelectron microscopy, Western blotting, qRT-PCR, ChIP-qPCR and luciferase reporter assay. Results: Increased expression of ATF6 was associated with elevated apoptosis, ER and mitochondrial disorder in pancreatic tissues from SAP patients and PRSS1 mice. Knockout of ATF6 in SAP mice attenuated acinar injury, apoptosis and ER disorder. AIFM2, known as a p53 target gene, was identified as a downstream regulatory partner of ATF6, whose expression was increased in SAP. Functionally, AIFM2 could reestablish the pathological disorder in SAP tissues in the absence of ATF6. p53 expression was also increased in SAP mice, which was downregulated by ATF6 knockout. p53 knockout significantly suppressed acinar apoptosis and injury in SAP model. Mechanistically, ATF6 promoted AIFM2 transcription by binding to p53 and AIFM2 promoters. Conclusion: These results reveal that ATF6/p53/AIFM2 pathway plays a critical role in acinar apoptosis during SAP progression, highlighting novel therapeutic target molecules for SAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie-Hui Tan
- Division of Hepatobiliopancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rong-Chang Cao
- Division of Hepatobiliopancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Division of Hepatobiliopancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Tao Zhou
- Department of the Electronic Microscope Room, Central Laboratory, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huo-Ji Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia Xu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xue-Mei Chen
- Department of Occupational Health and Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang-Chen Jin
- The First Clinical Medical College, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia-Yu Lin
- The First Clinical Medical College, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun-Ling Zeng
- Laboratory Animal Research Center of Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shu-Ji Li
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Luo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guo-Dong Hu
- Department of Respiratory and Crit Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Bing Yang
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Institute, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin Jin
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guo-Wei Zhang
- Division of Hepatobiliopancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Wang K, Zhang N, Yu Z, Li N. Galactose protects pancreatic acinar cells from cerulein induced damage by regulating FGF21 and Klotho. Pak J Pharm Sci 2020; 33:1413-1417. [PMID: 33361031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the effect and mechanism of galactose on cerulean-induced pancreatic acinar cell injury. Acute pancreatitis cell injury model was established by arbusin-induced pancreatic acinar cell AR42J injury; galactose (25, 50, 100 mmol / L) was used to treat the injured cells, and the optimal concentration was 50 mmol / L; cell counting kit (CCK-8), enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect cell survival rate and necrosis rate; flow cytometry and Western blotting (Western blot) to detect cell apoptosis and autologous phage-related gene (Beclin1) and microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3), apoptosis-related protein B-cell lymphoma / leukemia-2 (Bcl-2), Bcl-2-related X gene (Bax), and fibroblasts Expression of growth factor 21 antibody (FGF21) and anti-aging gene Klotho. A pancreatic acinar cell injury model was successfully established with cerana (100 nmol / L); galactose (25, 50, 100 mmol/L) In a concentration-dependent manner, the inhibitory effect of ceriferin on AR42J injury was inhibited at an optimal concentration of 50 mmol / L. Compared with the ceriferin group, the apoptosis rate of AR42J cells in the galactose group was significantly reduced. table Significantly increased, Bcl-2, FGF21 and Klotho protein expression was significantly increased, Bax protein was significantly decreased; the FGF21 inhibitor can be significantly reduced on galactose these caerulein-induced AR42J cells. Galactose can inhibit the apoptosis and autophagy of pancreatic acinar cells induced by cerana, and its potential mechanism is to up-regulate FGF21 and Klotho, providing a new potential drug for the treatment of acute pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo Wang
- Intensive Care Unit, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Intensive Care Unit, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Zhanbiao Yu
- Intensive Care Unit, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Ning Li
- Intensive Care Unit, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, China
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27
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES MicroRNAs have been considered to be closely related with the development of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP), and microRNA-375 (miR-375) was believed to be a marker of SAP. We aim to investigate the role of miR-375 in regulating SP. METHODS Cerulein and lipopolysaccharide were used to establish the models of SAP. AR42J cell line was chosen for study in vitro. Flow cytometry was applied for assessing apoptosis. The contents of inflammatory factors were detected with related enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction assays. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was applied to observe the pathological changes of pancreatic tissues. Immunohistochemistry analysis was conducted for investigating the expression of light chain 3. RESULTS The level of miR-375 in pancreatitis tissues and cell lines was upregulated. Overexpression of miR-375 promoted inflammation and the apoptosis of acinar cells through inhibiting autophagy. The binding site between miR-375 and ATG7 was identified, and miR-375 could directly regulate the ATG7. microRNA-375 suppressed autophagy and promoted inflammation and the apoptosis of acinar cells via targeting ATG7. CONCLUSIONS We proved that miR-375 could inhibit autophagy and promote inflammation and the apoptosis of acinar cells through regulating ATG7. This study first proves that miR-375 modulates the development of SAP through targeting ATG7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang-Ping Zhao
- From the Department of Intensive Care Unit, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
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28
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Xia D, Halder B, Godoy C, Chakraborty A, Singla B, Thomas E, Shuja JB, Kashif H, Miller L, Csanyi G, Sabbatini ME. NADPH oxidase 1 mediates caerulein-induced pancreatic fibrosis in chronic pancreatitis. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 147:139-149. [PMID: 31837426 PMCID: PMC7227077 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory disorders of the pancreas are divided into acute (AP) and chronic (CP) forms. Both states of pancreatitis are a result of pro-inflammatory mediators, including reactive oxygen species (ROS). One of the sources of ROS is NADPH oxidase (Nox). The rodent genome encodes Nox1-4, Duox1 and Duox2. Our purpose was to assess the extent to which Nox enzymes contribute to the pathogenesis of both AP and CP using Nox-deficient mice. Using RT-PCR, Nox1 was found in both isolated mouse pancreatic acini and pancreatic stellate cells (PaSCs). Subsequently, mice with genetically deleted Nox1 were further studied and showed that the histo-morphologic characteristics of caerulein-induced CP, but not caerulein-induced AP, was ameliorated in Nox1 KO mice. We also found that the lack of Nox1 impaired caerulein-induced ROS generation in PaSCs. Using Western blotting, we found that AKT mediates the fibrotic effect of Nox1 in a mouse model of CP. We also found a decrease in phospho-ERK and p38MAPK levels in Nox1 KO mice with CP, but not with AP. Both CP-induced TGF-β up-regulation and NF-ĸB activation were impaired in pancreas from Nox1 KO mice. Western blotting indicated increases in proteins involved in fibrosis and acinar-to-ductal metaplasia in WT mice with CP. No change in those proteins were observed in Nox1 KO mice. The lack of Nox1 lowered mRNA levels of CP-induced matrix metalloproteinase MMP-9 and E-cadherin repressor Twist in PaSCs. CONCLUSION: Nox1-derived ROS in PaSCs mediate the fibrotic process of CP by activating the downstream redox-sensitive signaling pathways AKT and NF-ĸB, up-regulating MMP-9 and Twist, and producing α-smooth muscle actin and collagen I and III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Xia
- Department of Biological Sciences, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Bithika Halder
- Department of Biological Sciences, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Catalina Godoy
- Department of Biological Sciences, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | | | - Bhupesh Singla
- Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Eyana Thomas
- Department of Biological Sciences, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Jasim B Shuja
- Department of Biological Sciences, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Hisham Kashif
- Department of Biological Sciences, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Laurence Miller
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Gabor Csanyi
- Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Maria E Sabbatini
- Department of Biological Sciences, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.
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Gupta S, Prajapati A, Gulati M, Gautam SK, Kumar S, Dalal V, Talmon GA, Rachagani S, Jain M. Irreversible and sustained upregulation of endothelin axis during oncogene-associated pancreatic inflammation and cancer. Neoplasia 2020; 22:98-110. [PMID: 31923844 PMCID: PMC6951489 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2019.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Endothelin-1 (ET-1) and its two receptors, endothelin receptor A (ETAR) and endothelin receptor B (ETBR) exhibit deregulated overexprerssion in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and pancreatitis. We examined the expression pattern of endothelin (ET) axis components in the murine models of chronic and acute inflammation in the presence or absence of oncogenic K-ras. While the expression of endothelin converting enzyme-1 (ECE-1), ET-1, ETAR and ETBR in the normal pancreas is restricted predominantly to the islet cells, progressive increase of ET receptors in ductal cells and stromal compartment is observed in the KC model (Pdx-1 Cre; K-rasG12D) of PDAC. In the murine pancreas harboring K-rasG12D mutation (KC mice), following acute inflammation induced by cerulein, increased ETAR and ETBR expression is observed in the amylase and CK19 double positive cells that represent cells undergoing pancreatic acinar to ductal metaplasia (ADM). As compared to the wild type (WT) mice, cerulein treatment in KC mice resulted in significantly higher levels of ECE-1, ET-1, ETAR and ETBR, transcripts in the pancreas. Similarly, in response to cigarette smoke-induced chronic inflammation, the expression of ET axis components is significantly upregulated in the pancreas of KC mice as compared to the WT mice. In addition to the expression in the precursor pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasm (PanIN lesions) in cigarette smoke-exposure model and metaplastic ducts in cerulein-treatment model, ETAR and ETBR expression is also observed in infiltrating F4/80 positive macrophages and α-SMA positive fibroblasts and high co-localization was seen in the presence of oncogenic K-ras. In conclusion, both chronic and acute pancreatic inflammation in the presence of oncogenic K-ras contribute to sustained upregulation of ET axis components in the ductal and stromal cells suggesting a potential role of ET axis in the initiation and progression of PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suprit Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Avi Prajapati
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Mansi Gulati
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Shailendra K Gautam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Sushil Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Vipin Dalal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Geoffrey A Talmon
- Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Satyanarayana Rachagani
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Maneesh Jain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
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Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of carbon monoxide (CO) released from CO‑releasing molecule 2 (CORM‑2) on mice with acute pancreatitis (AP). To perform the investigation, a mouse AP model was established using caerulein. The mice were treated with or without CORM‑2. The survival rate of the mice in the different groups was analyzed, and serum amylase and lipase levels were measured to assess the degree of pancreatic injury. The severity of AP was also evaluated by histological examination, and histopathological scoring of the pancreatic damage was performed. Pancreatic cell apoptosis was analyzed using a terminal deoxynucleotidyl‑transferase‑mediated dUTP nick end labelling assay. The function of the lung and liver was also assessed in the present study. Furthermore, the role of CORM‑2 on oxidative stress, intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM‑1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM‑1) expression, pro‑inflammatory cytokine production, and nuclear factor (NF)‑κB activation in the pancreas of AP mice was determined. The results demonstrated that CORM‑2 reduced the mortality, pancreatic damage, and lung and liver injury of AP mice. CORM‑2 administration also reduced systemic and localized inflammatory cell factors. Furthermore, treatment with CORM‑2 inhibited the expression of ICAM‑1 and VCAM‑1, and the activation of NF‑κB and phosphorylated inhibitor of NF‑κB subunit α, in the pancreas of AP mice. These results indicated that CO released from CORM‑2 exerted protective effects on AP mice, and the beneficial effects were likely due to inhibition of NF‑κB pathway activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yishu Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, P.R. China
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohan Xu
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, P.R. China
| | - Weiting Qin
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, P.R. China
| | - Bingwei Sun
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, P.R. China
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Yuan J, Hasdemir B, Tan T, Chheda C, Rivier J, Pandol SJ, Bhargava A. Protective effects of urocortin 2 against caerulein-induced acute pancreatitis. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0217065. [PMID: 31100090 PMCID: PMC6524941 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Because little is known about the role of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) agonists in regulating responses in pancreatitis, we evaluated the effects of urocortin 2 (UCN2) and stressin1 in caerulein-induced acute pancreatitis (AP) model in rats. Male rats were pretreated with UCN2 or stressin1 for 30 min followed by induction of AP with supraphysiologic doses of caerulein. Serum amylase and lipase activity, pancreatic tissue necrosis, immune cell infiltrate, nuclear factor (NF)-κB activity, trypsin levels, and intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) were ascertained. UCN2, but not stressin1 attenuated the severity of AP in rats. UCN2, but not stressin1, reduced serum amylase and lipase activity, cell necrosis and inflammatory cell infiltration in AP. NF-κB activity in pancreatic nuclear extracts increased in AP and UCN2 treatment reduced caerulein-induced increases in NF-κB activity by 42%. UCN2 treatment prevented caerulein-induced degradation of IκB-α in the cytosolic fraction as well as increased levels of p65 subunit of NF-κB in the cytosolic fraction. Pancreatic UCN2 levels decreased in AP compared with saline. UCN2 evoked [Ca2+]i responses in primary acinar cells and abolished caerulein-evoked [Ca2+]i responses at 0.1nM, and decreased by ~50% at 1.0nM caerulein. UCN2 stimulation resulted in redistribution of a portion of F-actin from the apical to the basolateral pole. UCN2 prevented the massive redistribution of F-actin observed with supraphysiologic doses of caerulein. UCN2, but not stressin1 attenuated severity of an experimental pancreatitis model. The protective effects of UCN2, including anti-inflammatory and anti-necrotic effects involve activation of the CRF2 receptor, [Ca2+]i signaling, and inhibition of NF-κB activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingzhen Yuan
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
- Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Burcu Hasdemir
- The Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
- Department of OB/GYN, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Tanya Tan
- Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Chintan Chheda
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Jean Rivier
- The Salk Institute, The Clayton Foundation Laboratories for Peptide Biology, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Stephen J. Pandol
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
- Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Aditi Bhargava
- The Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
- Department of OB/GYN, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Ariza L, Rojas A, Muñoz-Chápuli R, Carmona R. The Wilms' tumor suppressor gene regulates pancreas homeostasis and repair. PLoS Genet 2019; 15:e1007971. [PMID: 30763305 PMCID: PMC6392337 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The Wilms’ tumor suppressor gene (Wt1) encodes a zinc finger transcription factor that plays an essential role in the development of kidneys, gonads, spleen, adrenals and heart. Recent findings suggest that WT1 could also be playing physiological roles in adults. Systemic deletion of WT1 in mice provokes a severe deterioration of the exocrine pancreas, with mesothelial disruption, E-cadherin downregulation, disorganization of acinar architecture and accumulation of ascitic transudate. Despite this extensive damage, pancreatic stellate cells do not become activated and lose their canonical markers. We observed that pharmacological induction of pancreatitis in normal mice provokes de novo expression of WT1 in pancreatic stellate cells, concomitant with their activation. When pancreatitis was induced in mice after WT1 ablation, pancreatic stellate cells expressed WT1 and became activated, leading to a partial rescue of the acinar structure and the quiescent pancreatic stellate cell population after recovery from pancreatitis. We propose that WT1 modulates through the RALDH2/retinoic acid axis the restabilization of a part of the pancreatic stellate cell population and, indirectly, the repair of the pancreatic architecture, since quiescent pancreatic stellate cells are required for pancreas stability and repair. Thus, we suggest that WT1 plays novel and essential roles for the homeostasis of the adult pancreas and, through its upregulation in pancreatic stellate cells after a damage, for pancreatic regeneration. Due to the growing importance of the pancreatic stellate cells in physiological and pathophysiological conditions, these novel roles can be of translational relevance. The pancreas is largely composed by an exocrine tissue organized in acini, which secrete digestive enzymes. Pancreatic stellate cells (PSC) are arranged around the acini and they can become activated by a damage and contribute to pancreas repair. The pancreas is externally covered by a mesothelium characterized by the expression of the transcription factor WT1. Loss of WT1 function in adult mice provokes a rapid and severe deterioration of the pancreas, with disorganization of the acinar tissue. Despite the extensive damage, PSC do not become activated. We first showed that a pharmacologically induced acute pancreatitis led to expression of WT1 in PSC concomitant to their activation. Then, we induced pancreatitis in mice where WT1 had been previously deleted, and the upregulation of WT1 in PSC partially rescued the repairing phenotype of the PSC and reduced the disorganization of the acinar tissue. Thus, we suggest that WT1 function is necessary to maintain the integrity of the pancreatic mesothelium and, at the same time, it is required for activation of the repairing phenotype in PSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Ariza
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- Andalusian Center for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology (BIONAND), Málaga, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain
| | - Anabel Rojas
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa-CABIMER, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Seville, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ramón Muñoz-Chápuli
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- Andalusian Center for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology (BIONAND), Málaga, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain
- * E-mail: (RMC); (RC)
| | - Rita Carmona
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- Andalusian Center for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology (BIONAND), Málaga, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain
- * E-mail: (RMC); (RC)
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Jeong YK, Kim H. A Mini-Review on the Effect of Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) on Cerulein-Induced and Hypertriglyceridemic Acute Pancreatitis. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18112239. [PMID: 29068376 PMCID: PMC5713209 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 10/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis refers to the sudden inflammation of the pancreas. It is associated with premature activation and release of digestive enzymes into the pancreatic interstitium and systemic circulation, resulting in pancreatic tissue autodigestion and multiple organ dysfunction, as well as with increased cytokine production, ultimately leading to deleterious local and systemic effects. Although mechanisms involved in pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis have not been completely elucidated, oxidative stress is regarded as a major risk factor. In human acute pancreatitis, lipid peroxide levels in pancreatic tissues increase. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), an omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (C22:6n-3), exerts anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects on various cells. Previous studies have shown that DHA activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ and induces catalase, which inhibits oxidative stress-mediated inflammatory signaling required for cytokine expression in experimental acute pancreatitis using cerulein. Cerulein, a cholecystokinin analog, induces intra-acinar activation of trypsinogen in the pancreas, which results in human acute pancreatitis-like symptoms. Therefore, DHA supplementation may be beneficial for preventing or inhibiting acute pancreatitis development. Since DHA reduces serum triglyceride levels, addition of DHA to lipid-lowering drugs like statins has been investigated to reduce hypertriglyceridemic acute pancreatitis. However, high DHA concentrations increase cytosolic Ca2+, which activates protein kinase C and may induce hyperlipidemic acute pancreatitis. In this review, effect of DHA on cerulein-induced and hypertriglyceridemic acute pancreatitis has been discussed. The relation of high concentration of DHA to hyperlipidemic acute pancreatitis has been included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoo Kyung Jeong
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Brian Korea 21 PLUS Project, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea.
| | - Hyeyoung Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Brian Korea 21 PLUS Project, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea.
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Bonior J, Warzecha Z, Ceranowicz P, Gajdosz R, Pierzchalski P, Kot M, Leja-Szpak A, Nawrot-Porąbka K, Link-Lenczowski P, Pędziwiatr M, Olszanecki R, Bartuś K, Trąbka R, Kuśnierz-Cabala B, Dembiński A, Jaworek J. Capsaicin-Sensitive Sensory Nerves Are Necessary for the Protective Effect of Ghrelin in Cerulein-Induced Acute Pancreatitis in Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E1402. [PMID: 28665321 PMCID: PMC5535895 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18071402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2017] [Revised: 06/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ghrelin was shown to exhibit protective and therapeutic effect in the gut. Aim of the study was to investigate the role of sensory nerves (SN) in the protective effect of ghrelin in acute pancreatitis (AP). Studies were performed on male Wistar rats or isolated pancreatic acinar cells. After capsaicin deactivation of sensory nerves (CDSN) or treatment with saline, rats were pretreated intraperitoneally with ghrelin or saline. In those rats, AP was induced by cerulein or pancreases were used for isolation of pancreatic acinar cells. Pancreatic acinar cells were incubated in cerulein-free or cerulein containing solution. In rats with intact SN, pretreatment with ghrelin led to a reversal of the cerulein-induced increase in pancreatic weight, plasma activity of lipase and plasma concentration of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). These effects were associated with an increase in plasma interleukin-4 concentration and reduction in histological signs of pancreatic damage. CDSN tended to increase the severity of AP and abolished the protective effect of ghrelin. Exposure of pancreatic acinar cells to cerulein led to increase in cellular expression of mRNA for TNF-α and cellular synthesis of this cytokine. Pretreatment with ghrelin reduced this alteration, but this effect was only observed in acinar cells obtained from rats with intact SN. Moreover, CDSN inhibited the cerulein- and ghrelin-induced increase in gene expression and synthesis of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) in those cells. Ghrelin exhibits the protective effect in cerulein-induced AP on the organ and pancreatic acinar cell level. Sensory nerves ablation abolishes this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Bonior
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 12 Michałowskiego St., 31-126 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Zygmunt Warzecha
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 16 Grzegórzecka St., 31-531 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Piotr Ceranowicz
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 16 Grzegórzecka St., 31-531 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Ryszard Gajdosz
- Department of Emergency Medical Care, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 12 Michałowskiego St., 31-126 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Piotr Pierzchalski
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 12 Michałowskiego St., 31-126 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Michalina Kot
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 12 Michałowskiego St., 31-126 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Anna Leja-Szpak
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 12 Michałowskiego St., 31-126 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Nawrot-Porąbka
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 12 Michałowskiego St., 31-126 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Paweł Link-Lenczowski
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 12 Michałowskiego St., 31-126 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Michał Pędziwiatr
- 2nd Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 21 Kopernika St., 31-501 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Rafał Olszanecki
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 16 Grzegórzecka St., 31-531 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Krzysztof Bartuś
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery and Transplantology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University, JP II Hospital, 80 Prądnicka St., 31-202 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Rafał Trąbka
- Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 3 Koło Strzelnicy St., 30-219 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Beata Kuśnierz-Cabala
- Department of Diagnostics, Chair of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Jagiellonian University Medical College, 15 A Kopernika St., 31-501 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Artur Dembiński
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 16 Grzegórzecka St., 31-531 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Jolanta Jaworek
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 12 Michałowskiego St., 31-126 Krakow, Poland.
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Park MK, Lee CH. Effects of cerulein on keratin 8 phosphorylation and perinuclear reorganization in pancreatic cancer cells: Involvement of downregulation of protein phosphatase 2A and alpha4. Environ Toxicol 2016; 31:2090-2098. [PMID: 26303380 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Revised: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Toxicants can perturb cellular homeostasis by modifying phosphorylation-based signaling. In the present study, we examined the effects of cerulein, an inducer of acute pancreatitis, on keratin 8 (K8) phosphorylation. We found that cerulein dose-dependently induced K8 phosphorylation and perinuclear reorganization in PANC-1 cells, thus leading to migration and invasion. The extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) inhibitor U0126 suppressed cerulein-induced phosphorylation of serine 431 and reorganization of K8. Cerulein reduced the expressions of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) via ubiqutination and alpha4. PP2A's involvement in K8 phosphorylation of PANC-1 cells was also confirmed by the observation that PP2A gene silencing resulted in K8 phosphorylation and migration of PANC-1 cells. Overall, these results suggest that cerulein induced phosphorylation and reorganization through ERK activation by downregulating PP2A and alpha4, leading to increased migration and invasion of PANC-1 cells. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 31: 2090-2098, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Kyung Park
- BK21PLUS R-FIND Team, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Seoul, 100-715, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hoon Lee
- BK21PLUS R-FIND Team, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Seoul, 100-715, Republic of Korea
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Edgington-Mitchell LE, Wartmann T, Fleming AK, Gocheva V, van der Linden WA, Withana NP, Verdoes M, Aurelio L, Edgington-Mitchell D, Lieu T, Parker BS, Graham B, Reinheckel T, Furness JB, Joyce JA, Storz P, Halangk W, Bogyo M, Bunnett NW. Legumain is activated in macrophages during pancreatitis. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2016; 311:G548-60. [PMID: 27514475 PMCID: PMC5075999 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00047.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatitis is an inflammatory disease of the pancreas characterized by dysregulated activity of digestive enzymes, necrosis, immune infiltration, and pain. Repeated incidence of pancreatitis is an important risk factor for pancreatic cancer. Legumain, a lysosomal cysteine protease, has been linked to inflammatory diseases such as atherosclerosis, stroke, and cancer. Until now, legumain activation has not been studied during pancreatitis. We used a fluorescently quenched activity-based probe to assess legumain activation during caerulein-induced pancreatitis in mice. We detected activated legumain by ex vivo imaging, confocal microscopy, and gel electrophoresis. Compared with healthy controls, legumain activity in the pancreas of caerulein-treated mice was increased in a time-dependent manner. Legumain was localized to CD68(+) macrophages and was not active in pancreatic acinar cells. Using a small-molecule inhibitor of legumain, we found that this protease is not essential for the initiation of pancreatitis. However, it may serve as a biomarker of disease, since patients with chronic pancreatitis show strongly increased legumain expression in macrophages. Moreover, the occurrence of legumain-expressing macrophages in regions of acinar-to-ductal metaplasia suggests that this protease may influence reprogramming events that lead to inflammation-induced pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas Wartmann
- Department of Surgery, Division of Experimental Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Alicia K Fleming
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Vasilena Gocheva
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | | | - Nimali P Withana
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Martijn Verdoes
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud UMC, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Luigi Aurelio
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Daniel Edgington-Mitchell
- Laboratory for Turbulence Research in Aerospace and Combustion, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - TinaMarie Lieu
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Belinda S Parker
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bim Graham
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Thomas Reinheckel
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - John B Furness
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Melbourne and Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria Australia
| | - Johanna A Joyce
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Peter Storz
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Walter Halangk
- Department of Surgery, Division of Experimental Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Matthew Bogyo
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Nigel W Bunnett
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; and ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Song R, Yu D, Park J. Changes in gene expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin 6 in a canine model of caerulein-induced pancreatitis. Can J Vet Res 2016; 80:236-241. [PMID: 27408338 PMCID: PMC4924559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis is an inflammatory process that frequently involves peripancreatic tissues and remote organ systems. It has high morbidity and mortality rates in both human and veterinary patients. The severity of pancreatitis is generally determined by events that occur after acinar cell injury in the pancreas, resulting in elevated levels of various proinflammatory mediators, such as interleukin (IL) 1β and 6, as well as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). When these mediators are excessively released into the systemic circulation, severe pancreatitis occurs with systemic complications. This pathophysiological process is similar to that of sepsis; thus, there are many striking clinical similarities between patients with septic shock and those with severe acute pancreatitis. We induced acute pancreatitis using caerulein in dogs and measured the change in the gene expression of proinflammatory cytokines. The levels of TNF-α and IL-6 mRNA peaked at 3 h, at twice the baseline levels, and the serum concentrations of amylase and lipase also increased. Histopathological examination revealed severe hyperemia of the pancreas and hyperemia in the duodenal villi and the hepatic sinusoid. Thus, pancreatitis can be considered an appropriate model to better understand the development of naturally occurring sepsis and to assist in the effective treatment and management of septic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jinho Park
- Address all correspondence to Dr. Jinho Park; telephone: +82-63-850-0949; fax: +82-63-850-0910; e-mail:
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38
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Saloman JL, Albers KM, Li D, Hartman DJ, Crawford HC, Muha EA, Rhim AD, Davis BM. Ablation of sensory neurons in a genetic model of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma slows initiation and progression of cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:3078-83. [PMID: 26929329 PMCID: PMC4801275 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1512603113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is characterized by an exuberant inflammatory desmoplastic response. The PDAC microenvironment is complex, containing both pro- and antitumorigenic elements, and remains to be fully characterized. Here, we show that sensory neurons, an under-studied cohort of the pancreas tumor stroma, play a significant role in the initiation and progression of the early stages of PDAC. Using a well-established autochthonous model of PDAC (PKC), we show that inflammation and neuronal damage in the peripheral and central nervous system (CNS) occurs as early as the pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) 2 stage. Also at the PanIN2 stage, pancreas acinar-derived cells frequently invade along sensory neurons into the spinal cord and migrate caudally to the lower thoracic and upper lumbar regions. Sensory neuron ablation by neonatal capsaicin injection prevented perineural invasion (PNI), astrocyte activation, and neuronal damage, suggesting that sensory neurons convey inflammatory signals from Kras-induced pancreatic neoplasia to the CNS. Neuron ablation in PKC mice also significantly delayed PanIN formation and ultimately prolonged survival compared with vehicle-treated controls (median survival, 7.8 vs. 4.5 mo; P = 0.001). These data establish a reciprocal signaling loop between the pancreas and nervous system, including the CNS, that supports inflammation associated with oncogenic Kras-induced neoplasia. Thus, pancreatic sensory neurons comprise an important stromal cell population that supports the initiation and progression of PDAC and may represent a potential target for prevention in high-risk populations.
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MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma in Situ/pathology
- Adenocarcinoma in Situ/physiopathology
- Afferent Pathways
- Animals
- Animals, Newborn
- Capsaicin/administration & dosage
- Capsaicin/pharmacology
- Capsaicin/therapeutic use
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/etiology
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/pathology
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/physiopathology
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/prevention & control
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/therapy
- Ceruletide/toxicity
- Denervation
- Disease Progression
- Female
- Ganglia, Sympathetic/physiopathology
- Genes, ras
- Humans
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- Myelitis/complications
- Myelitis/genetics
- Myelitis/physiopathology
- Neoplasm Invasiveness
- Pancreas/innervation
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/etiology
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/pathology
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/physiopathology
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/prevention & control
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/therapy
- Pancreatitis/chemically induced
- Pancreatitis/complications
- Pancreatitis/physiopathology
- Precancerous Conditions/chemically induced
- Precancerous Conditions/complications
- Precancerous Conditions/physiopathology
- Sensory Receptor Cells/drug effects
- Sensory Receptor Cells/physiology
- Spinal Cord/physiopathology
- Spinothalamic Tracts/physiopathology
- Thoracic Vertebrae
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Affiliation(s)
- Jami L Saloman
- Center for Pain Research and Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Kathryn M Albers
- Center for Pain Research and Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Dongjun Li
- Comprehensive Cancer Center and Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Douglas J Hartman
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Howard C Crawford
- Department of Internal Medicine, Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Emily A Muha
- Center for Pain Research and Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Andrew D Rhim
- Comprehensive Cancer Center and Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109;
| | - Brian M Davis
- Center for Pain Research and Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261;
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Xiao W, Jiang W, Shen J, Yin G, Fan Y, Wu D, Qiu L, Yu G, Xing M, Hu G, Wang X, Wan R. Retinoic Acid Ameliorates Pancreatic Fibrosis and Inhibits the Activation of Pancreatic Stellate Cells in Mice with Experimental Chronic Pancreatitis via Suppressing the Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0141462. [PMID: 26556479 PMCID: PMC4640570 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic fibrosis, a prominent feature of chronic pancreatitis (CP), induces persistent and permanent damage in the pancreas. Pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) provide a major source of extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition during pancreatic injury, and persistent activation of PSCs plays a vital role in the progression of pancreatic fibrosis. Retinoic acid (RA), a retinoid, has a broad range of biological functions, including regulation of cell differentiation and proliferation, attenuating progressive fibrosis of multiple organs. In the present study, we investigated the effects of RA on fibrosis in experimental CP and cultured PSCs. CP was induced in mice by repetitive cerulein injection in vivo, and mouse PSCs were isolated and activated in vitro. Suppression of pancreatic fibrosis upon administration of RA was confirmed based on reduction of histological damage, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression and mRNA levels of β-catenin, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-Rβ transforming growth factor (TGF)-βRII and collagen 1α1 in vivo. Wnt 2 and β-catenin protein levels were markedly down-regulated, while Axin 2 expression level was up-regulated in the presence of RA, both in vivo and in vitro. Nuclear translation of β-catenin was significantly decreased following RA treatment, compared with cerulein-induced CP in mice and activated PSCs. Furthermore, RA induced significant PSC apoptosis, inhibited proliferation, suppressed TCF/LEF-dependent transcriptional activity and ECM production of PSC via down-regulation of TGFβRII, PDGFRβ and collagen 1α1 in vitro. These results indicate a critical role of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in RA-induced effects on CP and PSC regulation and support the potential of RA as a suppressor of pancreatic fibrosis in mice.
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MESH Headings
- Actins/biosynthesis
- Actins/genetics
- Active Transport, Cell Nucleus/drug effects
- Animals
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Axin Protein/biosynthesis
- Axin Protein/genetics
- Cells, Cultured
- Ceruletide/toxicity
- Collagen Type I/biosynthesis
- Collagen Type I/genetics
- Disease Progression
- Drug Evaluation, Preclinical
- Fibrosis/prevention & control
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Lipase/blood
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Organ Size/drug effects
- Pancreas/drug effects
- Pancreas/pathology
- Pancreatic Stellate Cells/drug effects
- Pancreatic Stellate Cells/metabolism
- Pancreatic alpha-Amylases/blood
- Pancreatitis, Chronic/chemically induced
- Pancreatitis, Chronic/drug therapy
- Pancreatitis, Chronic/metabolism
- Pancreatitis, Chronic/pathology
- Proteoglycans/biosynthesis
- Proteoglycans/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Random Allocation
- Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor beta/biosynthesis
- Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor beta/genetics
- Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta/genetics
- Tretinoin/pharmacology
- Tretinoin/therapeutic use
- Wnt Signaling Pathway/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqin Xiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiliang Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai First People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guojian Yin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuting Fan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Deqing Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Qiu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ge Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai First People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Miao Xing
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai First People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoyong Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai First People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingpeng Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai First People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Wan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai First People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail:
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Zechner D, Knapp N, Bobrowski A, Radecke T, Genz B, Vollmar B. Diabetes increases pancreatic fibrosis during chronic inflammation. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2015; 239:670-6. [PMID: 24719378 DOI: 10.1177/1535370214527890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes and fibrosis can be concurrent processes in several diseases such as cystic fibrosis or chronic pancreatitis. To evaluate whether diabetes can influence fibrosis and thus aggravate the pathological process, the progression of chronic pancreatitis was assessed in diabetic and non diabetic mice. For this purpose, insulin producing beta-cells in C57Bl/6J mice were selectively impaired by administration of streptozotocin. Chronic pancreatitis was then induced by repetitive administration of cerulein in normoglycaemic and hyperglycaemic mice. Diabetes caused enhanced collagen I deposition within three weeks of the onset of chronic pancreatitis and increased the proliferation of interstitial cells. This was accompanied by an increased number of interlobular fibroblasts, which expressed S100A4 (fibroblast-specific protein-1) and stimulation of α-smooth muscle actin expression of pancreatic stellate cells. In addition, the observed aggravation of chronic pancreatitis by diabetes also led to a significantly enhanced atrophy of the pancreas, increased infiltration of inflammatory chloracetate esterase positive cells and enhanced acinar cell death. We conclude that diabetes has a detrimental influence on the progression of chronic pancreatitis by aggravating fibrosis, inflammation and pancreatic atrophy.
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Heindl M, Tuennemann J, Sommerer I, Mössner J, Hoffmeister A. Loss of Bace1 in mice does not alter the severity of caerulein induced pancreatitis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0125556. [PMID: 25961820 PMCID: PMC4427297 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Context Beta-site alpha-amyloid protein cleaving enzyme1 (BACE1) plays a key role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease. Additional to its moderate expression in the brain, high levels of BACE1 mRNA were found in the pancreas. Murine Bace1 has been immunohistochemicaly detected at the apical pole of acinar cells within the exocrine pancreas of mice and Bace1 activity was observed in pancreatic juice. In vitro experiments revealed enteropeptidase as a putative substrate for Bace1 suggesting a role in acute pancreatitis. Objective The aim of this study was to address a protective mechanism of Bace1 in acute experimental pancreatitis in mice. Methods Acute experimental pancreatitis was induced by intraperitoneal injection of caerulein in homozygote Bace1-/- mice and wild type mice. Serum and tissue analyses were carried out after 4 h, 8 h and 24 h. Measurement of plasma amylase and lipase was performed to confirm pancreatitis induction. In order to assess the severity of pancreatitis H&E stained pancreatic sections were examined regarding edema, inflammation and apoptosis. Immunohistochemical detection of myeloperoxidase (MPO) positive cells was carried out to further quantify the extent of inflammation. Expression of Bace2 within the pancreas was analyzed by immunohistochemistry and RT-qPCR. Results We demonstrate that total loss of Bace1 in mice leads to no alterations in the course of acute experimental caerulein-pancreatitis. Bace1-/- mice develop a moderate pancreatitis that is comparable in histomorphological and serological features with those seen in wild type mice. Discussion We discuss the results in the context of the applied caerulein induced edematous pancreatitis model and possible compensatory mechanisms via Bace2 that might be responsible for the observed results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Heindl
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Jan Tuennemann
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ines Sommerer
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Joachim Mössner
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Albrecht Hoffmeister
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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Aruna R, Geetha A, Suguna P. Rutin modulates ASC expression in NLRP3 inflammasome: a study in alcohol and cerulein-induced rat model of pancreatitis. Mol Cell Biochem 2014; 396:269-80. [PMID: 25060908 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-014-2162-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Inflammasomes are protein complexes formed in response to tissue injury and inflammation to regulate the formation of proinflammatory cytokines. Nod-like receptor pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) is one such inflammasome involved in pancreatic inflammation. Caspase activation recruitment domain (CARD) is an interaction motif found in all the major components of NLRP3 inflammasome such as apoptosis associated speck-like CARD containing protein (ASC) and procaspase-1. NLRP3 activates procaspase-1 with the concerted action of CARD domain of ASC. In the present study, the effect of rutin, a natural flavonoid on the expression of ASC of NLRP3, was investigated in rats treated with ethanol (EtOH) and cerulein (Cer). Male albino Wistar rats were divided into four groups. Groups 1 and 2 rats were fed normal diet, whereas groups 3 and 4 rats were fed EtOH (36 % of total calories) containing diet for a total period of 5 weeks and also administered Cer (20 µg/kg body weight i.p.) thrice weekly for the last 3 weeks. In addition, groups 2 and 4 rats received daily 100 mg/kg body weight of rutin from third week. Rutin co-administration significantly decreased the level of pancreatic marker enzymes, oxidative stress markers, inflammatory markers, mRNA expression of caspase-1, cytokines, ASC-NLRP3, and protein expression of caspase-1 and ASC in rats received EtOH-Cer. The results of the study revealed that rutin can reduce inflammation in pancreas probably by influencing the down regulation of ASC-NLRP3 which might result in the reduced activation of caspase-1 and controlled cytokine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravikumar Aruna
- Department of Biochemistry, Bharathi Women's College, Affiliated to University of Madras, Broadway, Chennai, 600 108, Tamil Nadu, India
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43
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Müller S, Krüger B, Lange F, Bock CN, Nizze H, Glass Ä, Ibrahim SM, Jaster R. The mtDNA nt7778 G/T polymorphism augments formation of lymphocytic foci but does not aggravate cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis in mice. PLoS One 2014; 9:e102266. [PMID: 25010670 PMCID: PMC4092110 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A polymorphism in the ATP synthase 8 (ATP8) gene of the murine mitochondrial genome, G-to-T transversion at position 7778, has been suggested to increase susceptibility to multiple autoimmune diseases, including autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP). The polymorphism also induces mitochondrial reactive oxygen species generation, secretory dysfunction and β-cell mass adaptation. Here, we have used two conplastic mouse strains, C57BL/6N-mtAKR/J (B6-mtAKR; nt7778 G; control) and C57BL/6N-mtFVB/N (B6-mtFVB; nt7778 T), to address the question if the polymorphism also affects the course of cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis in mice. Therefore, two age groups of mice (3 and 12-month-old, respectively) were subjected to up to 7 injections of the secretagogue cerulein (50 µg/kg body weight) at hourly intervals. Disease severity was assessed at time points from 3 hours to 7 days based on pancreatic histopathology, serum levels of α-amylase and activities of myeloperoxidase (MPO) in lung tissue. A comparison of cerulein-induced pancreatic tissue damage and increases of α-amylase and MPO activities showed no differences between the age-matched groups of both strains. Interestingly, histological evaluation of pancreatic tissue of both untreated and cerulein-treated B6-mtAKR and B6-mtFVB mice also revealed the presence of infiltrates of immune cells surrounding ducts and vessels; a finding that is compatible with an early stage of AIP. After recovery from cerulein-induced pancreatitis (day 7 after the injections), 12-month-old B6-mtFVB mice but not B6-mtAKR mice displayed aggravated lymphocytic lesions. A comparison of 12-month-old mice with other age groups of both strains revealed that lymphocytic foci were largely absent in 3-month-old mice, while 24-month-old mice were more affected. Together, our data suggest that the mtDNA nt7778 G/T polymorphism does not aggravate cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis. Autoimmune-like lesions, however, may progress faster if additional tissue damage occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Müller
- Department of Medicine II, Division of Gastroenterology, University Medicine Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Burkhard Krüger
- Division of Medical Biology, University Medicine Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Falko Lange
- Department of Medicine II, Division of Gastroenterology, University Medicine Rostock, Rostock, Germany
- Oscar-Langendorff-Institute of Physiology, University Medicine Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Cristin N. Bock
- Department of Medicine II, Division of Gastroenterology, University Medicine Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Horst Nizze
- Institute of Pathology, University Medicine Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Änne Glass
- Institute for Biostatistics and Informatics in Medicine and Ageing Research, University Medicine Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Saleh M. Ibrahim
- Department of Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Robert Jaster
- Department of Medicine II, Division of Gastroenterology, University Medicine Rostock, Rostock, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Aruna R, Geetha A, Suguna P, Suganya V. Rutin rich Emblica officinalis Geart. fruit extract ameliorates inflammation in the pancreas of rats subjected to alcohol and cerulein administration. J Complement Integr Med 2014; 11:9-18. [PMID: 24516008 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2013-0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 01/13/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The modulating effect of methanolic extract of Emblica officinalis (MEEO) on ethanol (EtOH)- and cerulein (Cer)-induced pancreatitis in rats was investigated in this study. METHODS Male albino Wistar rats were divided into four groups. Group 1 and 2 rats served as control and fed normal diet. Group 3 and 4 rats were fed isocalorically adjusted diet containing EtOH (36% of total calories) for 5 weeks and also subjected to intraperitoneal injection of Cer 20 µg/kg b.wt. thrice weekly for the last 3 weeks of the experimental period. In addition, group 2 and 4 rats received 200 mg/kg b.wt. of MEEO from 15th day till the experimental period. Serum levels of lipase (L), amylase (A), cytokines IL-1β, IL-18, caspase-1 and oxidative stress index (OSI) were determined. Levels of fecal trypsin, total collagen, caspase-1, myeloperoxidase (MPO), antioxidants and mRNA expression of caspase-1, IL-1β and IL-18 were determined in the pancreas. RESULTS HPLC analysis showed the presence of rutin in MEEO. We observed a significant elevation in serum L/A ratio, IL-1β, IL-18, caspase-1, OSI, collagen, MPO activity and the mRNA expression of IL-1β, IL-18 and caspase-1 and significant reduction in fecal trypsin and antioxidant status in EtOH- and Cer-administered rats. The inflammatory markers were found to be reduced and the antioxidant status of pancreas was maintained in MEEO-coadministered rats. CONCLUSIONS The rutin rich nature of E. officinalis can be claimed for its anti-inflammatory and pancreato protective effects.
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Zhang D, Tsui N, Li Y, Wang F. Thoracic duct ligation in the rat attenuates lung injuries in acute pancreatitis. Lymphology 2013; 46:144-149. [PMID: 24645537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In acute pancreatitis (AP), inflammatory cells and products disseminated in abdominal lymph and blood induce systemic inflammation. Interruption of abdominal lymph flow, and thereby reduction of lymphatic dissemination, could alter the course of the disease. Therefore, we investigated whether thoracic duct ligation (TDL) in a rat model of cerulein-induced AP results in reduced lung damage as a marker for reduction of systemic dissemination through the lymphatic system. Thirty-four male rats were assigned to TDL (TDL-rats, n=8), AP (AP-rats, n=8), TDL+AP (TDL+AP-rats, n=9) or sham TDL (Ctr-rats, n=9) groups. TDL and sham TDL were established first. Two days later, AP was induced in AP- and TDL+AP-rats by a series of subcutaneous injections of cerulein. Vehicle was injected in the same manner in Ctr- and TDL-rats as controls. Rats were sacrificed six hours after the end of the serial injections. Histological examination showed that AP-induced damage to the pancreas and ileum were similar in AP- and TDL+AP-rats whereas lung damage was less severe in TDL+AP-rats than in AP-rats. Assays demonstrated that: hepatic and pulmonary myeloperoxidase activities were increased in AP-rats but not in the TDL+AP-rats; more Il-6 was found in AP-rat than TDL+AP-rat lungs; and lung-lavage fluid from AP-rats yielded more angiopoietin-2 than TDL+AP-rats. In conclusion, prior TDL in the rat attenuates lung damage in acute pancreatitis.
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Tian R, Tan JT, Wang RL, Xie H, Qian YB, Yu KL. The role of intestinal mucosa oxidative stress in gut barrier dysfunction of severe acute pancreatitis. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2013; 17:349-355. [PMID: 23426538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) is a serious systemic disease with a sustained high mortality rate. Extensive evidence has shown that gut barrier dysfunction plays a critical role in the pathophysiology of SAP. AIM Investigating the role of intestinal mucosa oxidative stress in gut barrier dysfunction of SAP. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-four BALB/c mice were randomly divided into two groups with twelve mice each group. The SAP group mice received six intraperitoneal injections of cerulein (50 µg/kg) at 1-hour intervals, then given one intraperitoneal injection of 10 mg/kg lipopolysaccharide (LPS from E. coli) for inducing SAP. Normal saline was given to the mice of control group. The animals of each group were averaged to two batches. Four and eight hours after the final injection, respectively, mice were anesthetized and blood and tissue samples were harvested for examination. The pathological changes of pancreas and gut were observed and scored. The serum levels of diamine oxidase (DAO), amylase and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were measured. The contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) and reduced glutathione (GSH) and activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and xanthine oxidase (XO) in gut mucosa were detected. In gut mucosa, the caspase-3 activity was measured and the cell apoptosis and apoptosis index (AI) were determined by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay. The data were analyzed by ANOVA and t-test. RESULTS At four and eight hours after SAP induction, the SAP group mice had significantly higher pancreatic and gut pathological scores (p < 0.01) and increased serum levels of amylase (p < 0.05), DAO and TNF-α (p < 0.01) and increased MDA contents and XO activity of gut mucosa (p < 0.01) compared with those of control mice. There were significantly lower GSH contents (p < 0.05) and SOD activity (p < 0.01) of gut mucosa in the SAP mice. It was also observed that the gut mucosa cells of SAP mice had significantly higher caspase-3 activity and apoptosis index (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS In SAP, waterfall-style release of inflammatory factors such as TNF-α led to ischemia-reperfusion injury of gut mucosa which resulted in serious oxidative stress and activation of caspase-3 pathway and severe apoptosis of gut mucosa. Therefore, intestinal mucosal oxidative stress may play an important role in the mechanism of gut barrier dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Tian
- Intensive Care Unit, First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
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Alexandre M, Uduman AK, Minervini S, Raoof A, Shugrue CA, Akinbiyi EO, Patel V, Shitia M, Kolodecik TR, Patton R, Gorelick FS, Thrower EC. Tobacco carcinogen 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone initiates and enhances pancreatitis responses. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2012; 303:G696-704. [PMID: 22837343 PMCID: PMC3468532 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00138.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2012] [Accepted: 07/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Clinical studies indicate that cigarette smoking increases the risk for developing acute pancreatitis. The nicotine metabolite 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) is a major cigarette smoke toxin. We hypothesized that NNK could sensitize to pancreatitis and examined its effects in isolated rat pancreatic acini and in vivo. In acini, 100 nM NNK caused three- and fivefold activation of trypsinogen and chymotrypsinogen, respectively, above control. Furthermore, NNK pretreatment in acini enhanced zymogen activation in a cerulein pancreatitis model. The long-term effects of NNK were examined in vivo after intraperitoneal injection of NNK (100 mg/kg body wt) three times weekly for 2 wk. NNK alone caused zymogen activation (6-fold for trypsinogen and 2-fold for chymotrypsinogen vs. control), vacuolization, pyknotic nuclei, and edema. This NNK pretreatment followed by treatment with cerulein (40 μg/kg) for 1 h to induce early pancreatitis responses enhanced trypsinogen and chymotrypsinogen activation, as well as other parameters of pancreatitis, compared with cerulein alone. Potential targets of NNK include nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and β-adrenergic receptors; mRNA for both receptor types was detected in acinar cell preparations. Studies with pharmacological inhibitors of these receptors indicate that NNK can mediate acinar cell responses through an nonneuronal α(7)-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α(7)-nAChR). These studies suggest that prolonged exposure to this tobacco toxin can cause pancreatitis and sensitize to disease. Therapies targeting NNK-mediated pathways may prove useful in treatment of smoking-related pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Alexandre
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare, West Haven, Connecticut
| | - A. K. Uduman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare, West Haven, Connecticut
| | - S. Minervini
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare, West Haven, Connecticut
| | - A. Raoof
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare, West Haven, Connecticut
| | - C. A. Shugrue
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare, West Haven, Connecticut
| | - E. O. Akinbiyi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare, West Haven, Connecticut
| | - V. Patel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare, West Haven, Connecticut
| | - M. Shitia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare, West Haven, Connecticut
| | - T. R. Kolodecik
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare, West Haven, Connecticut
| | - R. Patton
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare, West Haven, Connecticut
| | - F. S. Gorelick
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; and
- Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare, West Haven, Connecticut
| | - E. C. Thrower
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare, West Haven, Connecticut
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Sakai A, Nishiumi S, Shiomi Y, Kobayashi T, Izumi Y, Kutsumi H, Hayakumo T, Azuma T, Yoshida M. Metabolomic analysis to discover candidate therapeutic agents against acute pancreatitis. Arch Biochem Biophys 2012; 522:107-20. [PMID: 22483684 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2012.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2011] [Revised: 03/21/2012] [Accepted: 03/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Novel and effective drugs against acute pancreatitis are required. Therefore, we examined the changes in the metabolite levels in the serum and pancreatic tissue of mice with cerulein- and arginine-induced pancreatitis using gas-chromatography/mass-spectrometry (GC/MS) and investigated whether these alterations affected the severity of acute pancreatitis. In the cerulein-induced pancreatitis model, 93 and 129 metabolites were detected in the serum and pancreatic tissue, respectively. In the L-arginine-induced acute pancreatitis model, 120 and 133 metabolites were detected in the serum and pancreatic tissue, respectively. Among the metabolites, the concentrations of tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates and amino acids were altered in pancreatitis, and in pancreatic tissue, the levels of the intermediates involved in the initial part of the TCA cycle were increased and those of the intermediates involved in the latter part of the TCA cycle were decreased. Some metabolites exhibited similar changes in both pancreatitis mouse models, e.g., the levels of glutamic acid and O-phosphoethanolamine were significantly decreased in the pancreatic tissue. Supplementation with glutamic acid and O-phosphoethanolamine attenuated the severity of cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis. Our results suggest that GC/MS-based metabolomics is capable of accurately representing the status of acute pancreatitis, leading to the discovery of therapeutic agents for pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Sakai
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chu-o-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan
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Li YY, Lu S, Li K, Feng JY, Li YN, Gao ZR, Chen CJ. Down-regulation of HSP60 expression by RNAi increases lipopolysaccharide- and cerulein-induced damages on isolated rat pancreatic tissues. Cell Stress Chaperones 2010; 15:965-75. [PMID: 20574674 PMCID: PMC3024061 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-010-0207-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2010] [Revised: 05/20/2010] [Accepted: 05/24/2010] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the function of heat shock protein 60 (HSP60) on pancreatic tissues by applying HSP60 small interfering RNA (siRNA) to reduce HSP60 expression. Rat pancreas was isolated and pancreatic tissue snips were prepared, cultured, and stimulated with low and high concentrations of cerulein (10(-11) and 10(-5) mol/L) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 10 and 20 μg/mL). Before the stimulation and 1 and 4 h after the stimulation, the viability and the level of trypsinogen activation peptide (TAP) in the tissue fragments were determined and the levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) in the culture supernatants were measured. Real-time PCR and Western blotting were used to evaluate the HSP60 mRNA and protein expression. After the administration of siRNA to inhibit HSP60 expression in the isolated tissues, these injury parameters were measured and compared. The pancreatic tissues in the control (mock-interfering) group showed a decreased viability to varying degrees after being stimulated with cerulein or LPS, and the levels of TAP, TNF-α, and IL-6 increased significantly (p < 0.05) in the tissues and/or in the culture supernatant. The expressions of HSP60 mRNA and protein were raised moderately after stimulating 1 h with low concentrations of cerulein or LPS, but decreased with high concentrations of the toxicants. In particular, the expression of HSP60 protein was reduced significantly (p < 0.05) when the tissues were stimulated by the two toxicants for 4 h. In contrast, the tissue fragments in which HSP60 siRNA was applied showed much lower tissue viability (p < 0.01) and higher levels of TNF-a, IL-6, and TAP (p < 0.01) in the tissues or culture supernatant after stimulating with the toxicants at the same dose and for the same time duration as compared with those of the control groups (p < 0.05). The results indicated that both cerulein and LPS can induce injuries on isolated pancreatic tissues, but the induction effects are dependent on the duration of the stimulation and on the concentrations of the toxicants. HSP60 siRNA reduces HSP60 expression and worsens the cerulein- or LPS-induced injuries on isolated pancreatic tissues, suggesting that HSP60 has a protective effect on pancreatic tissues against these toxicants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Yu Li
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Department of Pathophysiology, Tongji University School of Medicine, 1239 Si Ping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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Warzecha Z, Ceranowicz P, Dembinski A, Cieszkowski J, Kusnierz-Cabala B, Tomaszewska R, Kuwahara A, Kato I. Therapeutic effect of ghrelin in the course of cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis in rats. J Physiol Pharmacol 2010; 61:419-427. [PMID: 20814069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2009] [Accepted: 07/15/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that pretreatment with ghrelin exhibits protective effect in the gut. Administration of ghrelin reduces gastric mucosal damage, as well as inhibits the development of experimental pancreatitis. However, this protective effect requires administration of ghrelin before gastric or pancreatic damage and thus has a limited clinical value. The aim of present study was to assess the influence of ghrelin administered after development of acute pancreatitis on the course of this disease. Acute pancreatitis was induced by cerulein. Ghrelin was administered twice a day for 1, 2, 4, 6 or 9 days at the dose of 4, 8 or 16 nmol/kg/dose. The first dose of ghrelin was given 24 hours after last injection of cerulein. The severity of acute pancreatitis was assessed between 0 h and 10 days after cessation of cerulein administration. Administration of caerulein led to the development of acute edematous pancreatitis and maximal severity of this disease was observed 24 hours after induction of pancreatitis. Treatment with ghrelin reduced morphological signs of pancreatic damage such as pancreatic edema, leukocyte infiltration and vacuolization of acinar cells, and led to earlier regeneration of the pancreas. Also biochemical indexes of the severity of acute pancreatitis, serum activity of lipase and amylase were significantly reduced in animals treated with ghrelin. These effects were accompanied by an increase in the pancreatic DNA synthesis and a decrease in serum level of pro-inflammatory interleukin-1b. Administration of ghrelin improved pancreatic blood flow in rats with acute pancreatitis. We conclude that: (1) treatment with ghrelin exhibits therapeutic effect in caerulein-induced experimental acute pancreatitis; (2) this effect is related, at least in part, to the improvement of pancreatic blood flow, reduction in proinflammatory interleukin-1beta and stimulation of pancreatic cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Warzecha
- Department of Physiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
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