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Qi X, Bertling K, Torniainen J, Kong F, Gillespie T, Primiero C, Stark MS, Dean P, Indjin D, Li LH, Linfield EH, Davies AG, Brünig M, Mills T, Rosendahl C, Soyer HP, Rakić AD. Terahertz in vivo imaging of human skin: Toward detection of abnormal skin pathologies. APL Bioeng 2024; 8:016117. [PMID: 38476403 PMCID: PMC10932572 DOI: 10.1063/5.0190573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Terahertz (THz) imaging has long held promise for skin cancer detection but has been hampered by the lack of practical technological implementation. In this article, we introduce a technique for discriminating several skin pathologies using a coherent THz confocal system based on a THz quantum cascade laser. High resolution in vivo THz images (with diffraction limited to the order of 100 μm) of several different lesion types were acquired and compared against one another using the amplitude and phase values. Our system successfully separated pathologies using a combination of phase and amplitude information and their respective surface textures. The large scan field (50 × 40 mm) of the system allows macroscopic visualization of several skin lesions in a single frame. Utilizing THz imaging for dermatological assessment of skin lesions offers substantial additional diagnostic value for clinicians. THz images contain information complementary to the information contained in the conventional digital images.
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Affiliation(s)
- X. Qi
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia
| | - K. Bertling
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia
| | - J. Torniainen
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia
| | - F. Kong
- Dermatology Research Centre, Frazer Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba QLD 4102, Australia
| | - T. Gillespie
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia
| | - C. Primiero
- Dermatology Research Centre, Frazer Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba QLD 4102, Australia
| | - M. S. Stark
- Dermatology Research Centre, Frazer Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba QLD 4102, Australia
| | - P. Dean
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - D. Indjin
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - L. H. Li
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - E. H. Linfield
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - A. G. Davies
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - M. Brünig
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia
| | - T. Mills
- OscillaDx Pty Ltd, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - C. Rosendahl
- General Practice Clinical Unit, Faculty of Medicinee, The University of Queensland, Herston QLD 4029, Australia
| | - H. P. Soyer
- Dermatology Research Centre, Frazer Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba QLD 4102, Australia
| | - A. D. Rakić
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia
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Figarella K, Kim J, Ruan W, Mills T, Eltzschig HK, Yuan X. Hypoxia-adenosine axis as therapeutic targets for acute respiratory distress syndrome. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1328565. [PMID: 38312838 PMCID: PMC10835146 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1328565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The human respiratory and circulatory systems collaborate intricately to ensure oxygen delivery to all cells, which is vital for ATP production and maintaining physiological functions and structures. During limited oxygen availability, hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are stabilized and play a fundamental role in maintaining cellular processes for hypoxia adaptation. First discovered during investigations of erythropoietin production regulation, HIFs influence physiological and pathological processes, including development, inflammation, wound healing, and cancer. HIFs promote extracellular adenosine signaling by enhancing adenosine generation and receptor signaling, representing an endogenous feedback mechanism that curbs excessive inflammation, supports injury resolution, and enhances hypoxia tolerance. This is especially important for conditions that involve tissue hypoxia, such as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), which globally poses significant health challenges without specific treatment options. Consequently, pharmacological strategies to amplify HIF-mediated adenosine production and receptor signaling are of great importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Figarella
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jieun Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Wei Ruan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Tingting Mills
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Holger Klaus Eltzschig
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Xiaoyi Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
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Bi X, Mills T, Wu M. Animal models in systemic sclerosis: an update. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2023; 35:364-370. [PMID: 37605874 PMCID: PMC10553484 DOI: 10.1097/bor.0000000000000967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a multisystem autoimmune connective tissue disease characterized by early inflammation followed by excessive fibrosis in the skin and internal organs. Enhancing our comprehension of SSc pathogenesis is essential to develop effective therapeutic strategies. Animal models that mimic one or more aspects of SSc have been proven to be a valuable resource for investigating disease mechanisms. This review aims to provide an updated overview of the existing SSc animal models and the potentially relevant pathways to SSc pathogenesis. RECENT FINDINGS This review focuses on the most recently generated and investigated animal models, which delve into novel pathways beyond existing models or employ genetic technologies to gain a deeper understanding of SSc pathogenesis including activation of early type I interferon (IFN) signaling pathway, immune cell function and pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH). SUMMARY While no single animal model can fully replicate SSc, a combination of different models can offer valuable insights into the pathways involved in the onset and advancement of the SSc. These insights can prove animal models as a crutial preclinical tool for developing effective treatments for SSc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiongjie Bi
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
- The first Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Tingting Mills
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Minghua Wu
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
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Mills T, Grimes J, Caddick E, Jenkins CL, Evans J, Moss A, Wills J, Sykes S. 'Odds Are: They Win': a disruptive messaging innovation for challenging harmful products and practices of the gambling industry. Public Health 2023; 224:41-44. [PMID: 37714065 PMCID: PMC10627150 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2023.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This paper presents an evidence informed rationale for focussing on harmful gambling products and industry practices in public health messaging through the example of a recent innovation called 'Odds Are: They Win'. METHODS 'Odds Are: They Win' was initially developed through coproduction involving public health professionals and people with lived experience of gambling harms and implemented across a city-region area. A review of relevant evidence was undertaken, upon which the research team reflected to draw out the implications of 'Odds Are: They Win' for gambling harms messaging. RESULTS Evidence is mounting that safer gambling campaigns framed in terms of individual responsibility are ineffective and can generate stigma. 'Odds Are: They Win' presents an alternative focus that is not anti-gambling but raises awareness of industry manipulation of the situational and structural context of gambling. This is in-keeping with historical lessons from the stop smoking field and emerging research in critical health literacy. The latter highlights the potential of education on the social and commercial determinants of health to stimulate behaviour change and collective action. CONCLUSION 'Odds Are: They Win' is a potentially disruptive innovation for the gambling harms field. Research is required to robustly evaluate this intervention across diverse criteria, target audiences, and delivery settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Mills
- PHIRST South Bank, London South Bank University, 103 Borough Rd, London SE1 0AA, UK.
| | - J Grimes
- Gambling with Lives - The Circle, 33 Rockingham Lane, Sheffield S1 4FW, UK
| | - E Caddick
- Greater Manchester Combined Authority - Tootal, 56 Oxford St, Manchester M1 6EU, UK
| | - C L Jenkins
- PHIRST South Bank, London South Bank University, 103 Borough Rd, London SE1 0AA, UK
| | - J Evans
- Greater Manchester Combined Authority - Tootal, 56 Oxford St, Manchester M1 6EU, UK
| | - A Moss
- PHIRST South Bank, London South Bank University, 103 Borough Rd, London SE1 0AA, UK
| | - J Wills
- PHIRST South Bank, London South Bank University, 103 Borough Rd, London SE1 0AA, UK
| | - S Sykes
- PHIRST South Bank, London South Bank University, 103 Borough Rd, London SE1 0AA, UK
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Marino LV, Fandinga C, Barratt J, Brady I, Denton SA, Fitzgerald K, Mills T, Palframan K, Phillips S, Rees L, Scanlan N, Ashton JJ, Beattie RM. Pedi-R-MAPP | the development, testing, validation, and refinement of a digital nutrition awareness tool. Clin Nutr 2023; 42:1701-1710. [PMID: 37531806 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2023.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The Remote Malnutrition Application (R-MAPP) was developed during the COVID-19 pandemic to provide support for health care professionals (HCPs) working in the community to complete remote nutritional assessments and provide practical guidance for nutritional care. R-MAPP was adapted into Pediatric Remote Malnutrition Application (Pedi-R-MAPP) using a modified Delphi consensus, with the goal of providing a structured approach to completing a nutrition focused assessment as part of a technology enabled care service (TECS) consultation. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a digital version of Pedi-R-MAPP using the IDEAS framework (Integrate, Design, Assess and Share). METHODS A ten-step process was completed using the IDEAS framework. This involved the four concept processes; Stage-1, Integrate (Step 1-3) identify the problem, specify the goal, and use an evidence-based approach. Stage-2, (Step 4-7) design iteratively and rapidly with user feedback. Stage 3, (Step 8-9) Assess rigorously, and Stage 4 (Step 9-10) publish and launch of the tool. RESULTS Stage 1:Evidence-based development, Pedi-R-MAPP was developed using Delphi consensus methodology. Stage 2:Iteration & design, HCPs (n = 22) from UK, Europe, South Africa, and North America were involved four workshops to further develop a paper prototype of the tool and complete small-scale testing of a beta version of the tool which resulted in eight iterations. Stage 3:Assess rigorously, Small scale retrospective testing of the tool on children with congenital heart disease (n = 80) was completed by a single researcher, with iterative changes made to improve agreement with summary advice. Large scale testing amongst (n = 745) children in different settings was completed by specialist paediatric dietitians (n = 15) advice who recorded agreement with the summary advice compared with their own clinical assessment. Paediatric dietitians were in overall agreement with the summary advice in the tool 86% (n = 640), compared to their own clinical practice. The main reasons for disagreement were i) frequency of planned review 57.1% (n = 60/105), ii) need for ongoing dietetic review due to chronic condition 20.0% (n = 21/105), iii) disagreement with recommendation for discharge 16.2% (n = 17/105) and iv) concerns with faltering growth and/or need for condition specific growth charts 6.7% (7/105). Iterative changes were made to the algorithm, leading to an improvement in agreement of the summary advice on re-evaluation to 98% (p=<0.0001). CONCLUSION A digital version of the Pedi-R-MAPP nutrition awareness tool was developed using the IDEAS framework. The summary advice provided by the tool achieved a high level of agreement when compared to paediatric dietetic assessment, by providing a structured approach to completing a remote nutrition focused assessment, along with identifying the frequency of follow-up or an in-person assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- L V Marino
- Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, Southampton Children's Hospital, NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Faculty of Health Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
| | - C Fandinga
- Department of Dietetics/ Speech & Language Therapy, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - J Barratt
- Department of Dietetics/ Speech & Language Therapy, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - I Brady
- Department of Dietetics/ Speech & Language Therapy, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - S A Denton
- Department of Dietetics/ Speech & Language Therapy, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - K Fitzgerald
- Department of Dietetics/ Speech & Language Therapy, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - T Mills
- Department of Dietetics/ Speech & Language Therapy, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - K Palframan
- Department of Dietetics/ Speech & Language Therapy, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - S Phillips
- Department of Dietetics/ Speech & Language Therapy, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - L Rees
- Department of Dietetics/ Speech & Language Therapy, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - N Scanlan
- Department of Dietetics/ Speech & Language Therapy, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - J J Ashton
- Paediatric Gastroenterology, Southampton Children's Hospital, NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - R M Beattie
- Paediatric Gastroenterology, Southampton Children's Hospital, NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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Faraoni EY, Singh K, Chandra V, Le Roux O, Dai Y, Sahin I, O'Brien BJ, Strickland LN, Li L, Vucic E, Warner AN, Pruski M, Clark T, Van Buren G, Thosani NC, Bynon JS, Wray CJ, Bar-Sagi D, Poulsen KL, Vornik LA, Savage MI, Sei S, Mohammed A, Zhao Z, Brown PH, Mills T, Eltzschig HK, McAllister F, Bailey-Lundberg JM. CD73-Dependent Adenosine Signaling through Adora2b Drives Immunosuppression in Ductal Pancreatic Cancer. Cancer Res 2023; 83:1111-1127. [PMID: 36720042 PMCID: PMC10071819 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-22-2553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The microenvironment that surrounds pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is profoundly desmoplastic and immunosuppressive. Understanding triggers of immunosuppression during the process of pancreatic tumorigenesis would aid in establishing targets for effective prevention and therapy. Here, we interrogated differential molecular mechanisms dependent on cell of origin and subtype that promote immunosuppression during PDAC initiation and in established tumors. Transcriptomic analysis of cell-of-origin-dependent epithelial gene signatures revealed that Nt5e/CD73, a cell-surface enzyme required for extracellular adenosine generation, is one of the top 10% of genes overexpressed in murine tumors arising from the ductal pancreatic epithelium as opposed to those rising from acinar cells. These findings were confirmed by IHC and high-performance liquid chromatography. Analysis in human PDAC subtypes indicated that high Nt5e in murine ductal PDAC models overlaps with high NT5E in human PDAC squamous and basal subtypes, considered to have the highest immunosuppression and worst prognosis. Multiplex immunofluorescent analysis showed that activated CD8+ T cells in the PDAC tumor microenvironment express high levels of CD73, indicating an opportunity for immunotherapeutic targeting. Delivery of CD73 small-molecule inhibitors through various delivery routes reduced tumor development and growth in genetically engineered and syngeneic mouse models. In addition, the adenosine receptor Adora2b was a determinant of adenosine-mediated immunosuppression in PDAC. These findings highlight a molecular trigger of the immunosuppressive PDAC microenvironment elevated in the ductal cell of origin, linking biology with subtype classification, critical components for PDAC immunoprevention and personalized approaches for immunotherapeutic intervention. SIGNIFICANCE Ductal-derived pancreatic tumors have elevated epithelial and CD8+GZM+ T-cell CD73 expression that confers sensitivity to small-molecule inhibition of CD73 or Adora2b to promote CD8+ T-cell-mediated tumor regression. See related commentary by DelGiorno, p. 977.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Y. Faraoni
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Kanchan Singh
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Vidhi Chandra
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- The Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, and The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Olivereen Le Roux
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Yulin Dai
- Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Ismet Sahin
- Department of Engineering, Texas Southern University, Houston, Texas
| | - Baylee J. O'Brien
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Lincoln N. Strickland
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Le Li
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Emily Vucic
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology and Medicine, NYU Langone School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Amanda N. Warner
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
- The Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, and The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Melissa Pruski
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Trent Clark
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - George Van Buren
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Nirav C. Thosani
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
- Center for Interventional Gastroenterology at UTHealth (iGUT), McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - John S. Bynon
- Department of Surgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Curtis J. Wray
- Department of Surgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Dafna Bar-Sagi
- Department of Engineering, Texas Southern University, Houston, Texas
| | - Kyle L. Poulsen
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
- Center for Perioperative Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Lana A. Vornik
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Michelle I. Savage
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Shizuko Sei
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Altaf Mohammed
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Zhongming Zhao
- Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Powel H. Brown
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Tingting Mills
- Department of Biochemistry, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Holger K. Eltzschig
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
- Center for Perioperative Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Florencia McAllister
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- The Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, and The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jennifer M. Bailey-Lundberg
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
- The Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, and The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
- Center for Interventional Gastroenterology at UTHealth (iGUT), McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
- Center for Perioperative Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
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O'Brien BJ, Faraoni EY, Strickland LN, Ma Z, Mota V, Mota S, Chen X, Mills T, Eltzschig HK, DelGiorno KE, Bailey‐Lundberg JM. CD73-generated extracellular adenosine promotes resolution of neutrophil-mediated tissue injury and restrains metaplasia in pancreatitis. FASEB J 2023; 37:e22684. [PMID: 36468677 PMCID: PMC9753971 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202201537r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatitis is currently the leading cause of gastrointestinal hospitalizations in the US. This condition occurs in response to abdominal injury, gallstones, chronic alcohol consumption or, less frequently, the cause remains idiopathic. CD73 is a cell surface ecto-5'-nucleotidase that generates extracellular adenosine, which can contribute to resolution of inflammation by binding adenosine receptors on infiltrating immune cells. We hypothesized genetic deletion of CD73 would result in more severe pancreatitis due to decreased generation of extracellular adenosine. CD73 knockout (CD73-/- ) and C57BL/6 (wild type, WT) mice were used to evaluate the progression and response of caerulein-induced acute and chronic pancreatitis. In response to caerulein-mediated chronic or acute pancreatitis, WT mice display resolution of pancreatitis at earlier timepoints than CD73-/- mice. Using immunohistochemistry and analysis of single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) data, we determined CD73 localization in chronic pancreatitis is primarily observed in mucin/ductal cell populations and immune cells. In murine pancreata challenged with caerulein to induce acute pancreatitis, we compared CD73-/- to WT mice and observed a significant infiltration of Ly6G+, MPO+, and Granzyme B+ cells in CD73-/- compared to WT pancreata and we quantified a significant increase in acinar-to-ductal metaplasia demonstrating sustained metaplasia and inflammation in CD73-/- mice. Using neutrophil depletion in CD73-/- mice, we show neutrophil depletion significantly reduces metaplasia defined by CK19+ cells per field and significantly reduces acute pancreatitis. These data identify CD73 enhancers as a potential therapeutic strategy for patients with acute and chronic pancreatitis as adenosine generation and activation of adenosine receptors is critical to resolve persistent inflammation in the pancreas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baylee J. O'Brien
- Center for Perioperative Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical SchoolThe University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Erika Y. Faraoni
- Center for Perioperative Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical SchoolThe University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Lincoln N. Strickland
- Center for Perioperative Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical SchoolThe University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Zhibo Ma
- Gene Expression LaboratoryThe Salk Institute for Biological SciencesSan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Victoria Mota
- Center for Perioperative Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical SchoolThe University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Samantha Mota
- Center for Perioperative Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical SchoolThe University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTexasUSA
- The Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center and The University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Xuebo Chen
- Center for Perioperative Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical SchoolThe University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Tingting Mills
- Department of Biochemistry, McGovern Medical SchoolThe University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Holger K. Eltzschig
- Center for Perioperative Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical SchoolThe University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Kathleen E. DelGiorno
- Department of Cell and Developmental BiologyVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Jennifer M. Bailey‐Lundberg
- Center for Perioperative Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical SchoolThe University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTexasUSA
- The Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center and The University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTexasUSA
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8
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Ballew L, Singh K, Chandra V, Mills T, Faraoni EY, Mota V, Clark T, Vornik L, Savage MI, Sei S, Mohammed A, Eltzschig HK, Brown PH, McAllister F, Bailey-Lundberg JM. Abstract IA013: Preclinical testing of CD73 inhibitors for pancreatic cancer immunoprevention. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2022. [DOI: 10.1158/1940-6215.tacpad22-ia013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction: The all stages combined five-year survival rate for pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDA) is 11%; however, the five-year survival rate for localized PDA is 42%. These statistics highlight the importance of early prevention strategies to prevent disease progression and metastatic dissemination. Through the NCI PREVENT program, this research program explores immunoprevention strategies for PDA by targeting CD73, a gatekeeper ectoenzyme responsible for production of extracellular adenosine. We have recently shown aggressive subtypes of pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) and PDA arising in ductal pancreatic epithelium have elevated CD73 and intrapancreatic adenosine indicating adenosine generation may be an early trigger of immunosuppression. We hypothesize inhibition of CD73 and adenosine generation will promote a more robust anti-tumor immune response and prevent PanIN and PDA progression. Methods: We tested three small molecule CD73 inhibitors (APCP, OP-5244, and AB680) in a syngeneic PDA mouse model by injecting 100-200k murine PDA cells derived from KrasG12D;Trp53R172H/+;Pdx:Cre (KPC) mice in the flanks of C57BL/6 female mice.
Tumor sizes were measured weekly and tumor volume and mass were recorded at time of death. Dosage: APCP oral gavage (3x/week at 20mg/kg) and intraperitoneal (IP) (3x/week at 20 mg/kg). OP-5244 oral (3x/week at 25mg/kg and 10mg/kg). AB680 oral gavage (3x/week at 10mg/kg). HPLC analysis was performed for each inhibitor to quantify adenosine levels.
Results: IP delivery of APCP significantly reduced tumor growth and intratumoral adenosine levels; however oral gavage delivery did not reduce tumor growth. Similarly, oral gavage delivery of OP-5244 did not reduce tumor growth. AB680 significantly reduced tumor volume and intratumoral adenosine levels and CyTOF immunoprofiling showed activated CD8+ T cells, dendritic cells, and macrophages were significantly increased in the tumors from AB680 treated mice. Conclusion: APCP IP delivery is more effective than oral gavage delivery and OP-5244 oral gavage delivery does not significantly decrease tumor growth. AB680 oral gavage delivery significantly decreases tumor growth and tumor adenosine concentrations. We observed a significant increase in infiltration of activated CD8+ T cells. AB680 shows high translational potential for preclinical testing in spontaneous GEM models.
Citation Format: Lincoln Ballew, Kanchan Singh, Vidhi Chandra, Tingting Mills, Erika Y. Faraoni, Victoria Mota, Trent Clark, Lana Vornik, Michelle I. Savage, Shizuko Sei, Altaf Mohammed, Holger K. Eltzschig, Powel H. Brown, Florencia McAllister, Jennifer M. Bailey-Lundberg. Preclinical testing of CD73 inhibitors for pancreatic cancer immunoprevention [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Second Biennial NCI Meeting: Translational Advances in Cancer Prevention Agent Development (TACPAD); 2022 Sep 7-9. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Can Prev Res 2022;15(12 Suppl_2): Abstract nr IA013.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lincoln Ballew
- 1Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Kanchan Singh
- 1Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Vidhi Chandra
- 2Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Tingting Mills
- 3Department of Biochemistry, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030,
| | - Erika Y. Faraoni
- 1Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Victoria Mota
- 1Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Trent Clark
- 1Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Lana Vornik
- 2Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Michelle I. Savage
- 2Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Shizuko Sei
- 4Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD
| | - Altaf Mohammed
- 4Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD
| | - Holger K. Eltzschig
- 1Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
- 5Center for Perioperative Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Powel H. Brown
- 4Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD
| | - Florencia McAllister
- 2Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
- 6Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
- 7Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Jennifer M. Bailey-Lundberg
- 1Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
- 5Center for Perioperative Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
- 8Center for Interventional Gastroenterology at UTHealth (iGUT), McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
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Shivshankar P, Karmouty-Quintana H, Mills T, Doursout MF, Wang Y, Czopik AK, Evans SE, Eltzschig HK, Yuan X. SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Host Response, Immunity, and Therapeutic Targets. Inflammation 2022; 45:1430-1449. [PMID: 35320469 PMCID: PMC8940980 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-022-01656-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has resulted in a global pandemic with severe socioeconomic effects. Immunopathogenesis of COVID-19 leads to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and organ failure. Binding of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein to human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) on bronchiolar and alveolar epithelial cells triggers host inflammatory pathways that lead to pathophysiological changes. Proinflammatory cytokines and type I interferon (IFN) signaling in alveolar epithelial cells counter barrier disruption, modulate host innate immune response to induce chemotaxis, and initiate the resolution of inflammation. Here, we discuss experimental models to study SARS-CoV-2 infection, molecular pathways involved in SARS-CoV-2-induced inflammation, and viral hijacking of anti-inflammatory pathways, such as delayed type-I IFN response. Mechanisms of alveolar adaptation to hypoxia, adenosinergic signaling, and regulatory microRNAs are discussed as potential therapeutic targets for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Shivshankar
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Harry Karmouty-Quintana
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Divisions of Critical Care, Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Tingting Mills
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Marie-Francoise Doursout
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yanyu Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Agnieszka K Czopik
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Scott E Evans
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Division of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Holger K Eltzschig
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Xiaoyi Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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10
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Yuan X, Mills T, Doursout MF, Evans SE, Vidal Melo MF, Eltzschig HK. Alternative adenosine Receptor activation: The netrin-Adora2b link. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:944994. [PMID: 35910389 PMCID: PMC9334855 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.944994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
During hypoxia or inflammation, extracellular adenosine levels are elevated. Studies using pharmacologic approaches or genetic animal models pertinent to extracellular adenosine signaling implicate this pathway in attenuating hypoxia-associated inflammation. There are four distinct adenosine receptors. Of these, it is not surprising that the Adora2b adenosine receptor functions as an endogenous feedback loop to control hypoxia-associated inflammation. First, Adora2b activation requires higher adenosine concentrations compared to other adenosine receptors, similar to those achieved during hypoxic inflammation. Second, Adora2b is transcriptionally induced during hypoxia or inflammation by hypoxia-inducible transcription factor HIF1A. Studies seeking an alternative adenosine receptor activation mechanism have linked netrin-1 with Adora2b. Netrin-1 was originally discovered as a neuronal guidance molecule but also functions as an immune-modulatory signaling molecule. Similar to Adora2b, netrin-1 is induced by HIF1A, and has been shown to enhance Adora2b signaling. Studies of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), intestinal inflammation, myocardial or hepatic ischemia and reperfusion implicate the netrin-Adora2b link in tissue protection. In this review, we will discuss the potential molecular linkage between netrin-1 and Adora2b, and explore studies demonstrating interactions between netrin-1 and Adora2b in attenuating tissue inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Tingting Mills
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Marie-Francoise Doursout
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Scott E. Evans
- Department of Pulmonology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | | | - Holger K. Eltzschig
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
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11
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Singh K, Chandra V, Ballew L, Mills T, Faraoni EY, Clark T, Vornik LA, Savage MI, Eltzschig HK, Mohammed A, Sei S, Brown PH, McAllister F, Bailey-Lundberg J. Abstract 719: Preclinical testing of CD73 inhibitors for pancreatic cancer immunoprevention. Cancer Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is characterized by a profoundly immunosuppressive microenvironment. Innovative therapeutic strategies are urgently needed to stop the progression of precancerous lesions into aggressive PDAC, which remains a lethal malignancy. The goal of this research project is to test the immunopreventive strategies by targeting the ectonucleotidase CD73, one of the gatekeeper enzymes responsible for adenosine production and the formation of immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment in this malignancy. We hypothesize that inhibition of CD73 will prevent pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) formation and progression to PDAC by reversing immunosuppression.
Materials and methods: A syngeneic PDAC mouse model was employed by injecting 100k murine pancreatic cancer (KPC) cells in flanks of C57BL/6 female mice. Oral gavage of AB680 (small molecule CD73 inhibitor) was given three days/week at 10mg/kg starting the day after KPC injections and tumor sizes were measured weekly. Toxicity was analyzed by serum ALT analysis. At the time of death 6 weeks post-KPC inoculation, tumor volume and mass were recorded. In another experiment, AB680 was administered 3 days/week at 10mg/kg for 5 weeks. CyTOF immunoprofiling of digested tumors from control and AB680 treated mice and HPLC analysis on serum from the time of death were performed.
Results: In experiment 1, by week three of the study, there was a significant difference in tumor volume between the control and AB680 treated groups (P=0.02). However, in weeks 4-5 AB680 reduced tumor growth compared to vehicle controls, but the grouped statistical analysis was not significant. When observing individual tumors, there was a reduction in tumor size in 30% of the AB680 treated mice between weeks 3-5, but the difference was not statistically different. ALT analysis determined AB680 does not induce liver toxicity. For experiment 2 (3x/week treatment with AB680), there was a significant reduction in tumor growth. Activated CD8-positive T cells, dendritic cells, and macrophages were significantly increased in the syngeneic tumors from AB680 treated mice. The intratumoral adenosine levels were significantly decreased in AB680 treated mice compared to vehicle treated mice.
Conclusion: We conclude oral gavage delivery of CD73 inhibitor AB680 at 10mg/kg (6x/week) reduces tumor growth in KPC syngeneic tumor bearing mice. Treatment with AB680 at 10mg/kg 3x/week significantly increases tumor doubling time, significantly alters intratumoral immune cell populations, and results in a significant decrease in intratumoral adenosine levels. In addition, we observed a significant increase in infiltration of activated CD8-positive T cells indicating oral gavage delivery using AB680 reverses immunosuppression in vivo. [Supported by NCI 75N91019D00021/75N91020F00002]
Citation Format: Kanchan Singh, Vidhi Chandra, Lincoln Ballew, Tingting Mills, Erika Y. Faraoni, Trent Clark, Lana A. Vornik, Michelle I. Savage, Holger K. Eltzschig, Altaf Mohammed, Shizuko Sei, Powel H. Brown, Florencia McAllister, Jennifer Bailey-Lundberg. Preclinical testing of CD73 inhibitors for pancreatic cancer immunoprevention [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 719.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanchan Singh
- 1The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Vidhi Chandra
- 2The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Lincoln Ballew
- 1The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Tingting Mills
- 1The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Erika Y. Faraoni
- 1The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Trent Clark
- 1The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Lana A. Vornik
- 2The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | | | | | | | | | - Powel H. Brown
- 2The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
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12
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Berg NK, Li J, Kim B, Mills T, Pei G, Zhao Z, Li X, Zhang X, Ruan W, Eltzschig HK, Yuan X. Hypoxia-inducible factor-dependent induction of myeloid-derived netrin-1 attenuates natural killer cell infiltration during endotoxin-induced lung injury. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21334. [PMID: 33715200 PMCID: PMC8251729 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202002407r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis and sepsis‐associated lung inflammation significantly contribute to the morbidity and mortality of critical illness. Here, we examined the hypothesis that neuronal guidance proteins could orchestrate inflammatory events during endotoxin‐induced lung injury. Through a targeted array, we identified netrin‐1 as the top upregulated neuronal guidance protein in macrophages treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Furthermore, we found that netrin‐1 is highly enriched in infiltrating myeloid cells, particularly in macrophages during LPS‐induced lung injury. Transcriptional studies implicate hypoxia‐inducible factor HIF‐1α in the transcriptional induction of netrin‐1 during LPS treatment. Subsequently, the deletion of netrin‐1 in the myeloid compartment (Ntn1loxp/loxp LysM Cre) resulted in exaggerated mortality and lung inflammation. Surprisingly, further studies revealed enhanced natural killer cells (NK cells) infiltration in Ntn1loxp/loxp LysM Cre mice, and neutralization of NK cell chemoattractant chemokine (C‐C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) reversed the exaggerated lung inflammation. Together, these studies provide functional insight into myeloid cell‐derived netrin‐1 in controlling lung inflammation through the modulation of CCL2‐dependent infiltration of NK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel K Berg
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jiwen Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Cardiac Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Boyun Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tingting Mills
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Guangsheng Pei
- Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zhongming Zhao
- Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xiangyun Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Center for Clinical and Translational Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Wei Ruan
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Holger K Eltzschig
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xiaoyi Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
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Bieerkehazhi S, Fan Y, West SJ, Tewari R, Ko J, Mills T, Boehning D, Akimzhanov AM. Ca2+-dependent protein acyltransferase DHHC21 controls activation of CD4+ T cells. J Cell Sci 2021; 135:268992. [PMID: 34080635 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.258186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the recognized significance of reversible protein lipidation (S-acylation) for T cell receptor signal transduction, the enzymatic control of this post-translational modification in T cells remains poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that DHHC21 (also known as ZDHHC21), a member of the DHHC family of mammalian protein acyltransferases, mediates T cell receptor-induced S-acylation of proximal T cell signaling proteins. Using Zdhhc21dep mice, which express a functionally deficient version of DHHC21, we show that DHHC21 is a Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent enzyme critical for activation of naïve CD4+ T cells in response to T cell receptor stimulation. We find that disruption of the Ca2+/calmodulin-binding domain of DHHC21 does not affect thymic T cell development but prevents differentiation of peripheral CD4+ T cells into Th1, Th2 and Th17 effector T helper lineages. Our findings identify DHHC21 as an essential component of the T cell receptor signaling machinery and define a new role for protein acyltransferases in regulation of T cell-mediated immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shayahati Bieerkehazhi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ying Fan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ 08103, USA
| | - Savannah J West
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,MD Anderson Cancer Center and University of Texas Health Science at Houston Graduate School, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ritika Tewari
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Junsuk Ko
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,MD Anderson Cancer Center and University of Texas Health Science at Houston Graduate School, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Tingting Mills
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Darren Boehning
- Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ 08103, USA
| | - Askar M Akimzhanov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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14
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Yuan X, Ferrari D, Mills T, Wang Y, Czopik A, Doursout MF, Evans SE, Idzko M, Eltzschig HK. Editorial: Purinergic Signaling and Inflammation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:699069. [PMID: 34093597 PMCID: PMC8170313 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.699069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School at UTHealth, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Davide Ferrari
- Section of Microbiology and Applied Pathology, Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Tingting Mills
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School at UTHealth, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Yanyu Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School at UTHealth, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Agnieszka Czopik
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School at UTHealth, Houston, TX, United States
| | | | - Scott E. Evans
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Division of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Marco Idzko
- Department of Pulmonology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Holger K. Eltzschig
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School at UTHealth, Houston, TX, United States
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15
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Li X, Berg NK, Mills T, Zhang K, Eltzschig HK, Yuan X. Adenosine at the Interphase of Hypoxia and Inflammation in Lung Injury. Front Immunol 2021; 11:604944. [PMID: 33519814 PMCID: PMC7840604 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.604944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia and inflammation often coincide in pathogenic conditions such as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and chronic lung diseases, which are significant contributors to morbidity and mortality for the general population. For example, the recent global outbreak of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has placed viral infection-induced ARDS under the spotlight. Moreover, chronic lung disease ranks the third leading cause of death in the United States. Hypoxia signaling plays a diverse role in both acute and chronic lung inflammation, which could partially be explained by the divergent function of downstream target pathways such as adenosine signaling. Particularly, hypoxia signaling activates adenosine signaling to inhibit the inflammatory response in ARDS, while in chronic lung diseases, it promotes inflammation and tissue injury. In this review, we discuss the role of adenosine at the interphase of hypoxia and inflammation in ARDS and chronic lung diseases, as well as the current strategy for therapeutic targeting of the adenosine signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyun Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University NanKai Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Nathanial K. Berg
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Tingting Mills
- Department of Biochemistry, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Kaiying Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Holger K. Eltzschig
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Xiaoyi Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
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16
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Viney K, Mills T, Harley D. Tuberculosis and diabetes mellitus: a dose-response relationship between the odds of tuberculosis and HbA1c. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2019; 23:1055-1059. [PMID: 31627769 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.18.0657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
SETTING: The main hospital tuberculosis (TB) clinic in South Tarawa, the capital of the Republic of Kiribati, a Pacific nation located in the central Pacific Ocean.OBJECTIVE: To determine if higher levels of HbA1c were associated with greater odds of TB.DESIGN: A case-control study to assess the association between TB and diabetes (DM). We recruited 275 TB cases and 498 controls (persons without signs and symptoms of TB), aged 18 years and above. A standardised questionnaire was administered and HbA1c was measured in all participants.RESULTS: The median HbA1c among cases was 6.0%; among controls it was 5.6% (P < 0.001). Comparing cases to controls, the odds ratio for TB was 2.8 (95%CI 2.0-4.1). Adjusted odds ratios for TB associated with HbA1c groupings of 5.7-6.4%, 6.5-8.5% and >8.5% were 1.5, 2.7 and 4.3, respectively (P ≦ 0.001 for trend).CONCLUSIONS: The median HbA1c was higher among TB patients than controls. As the HbA1c rose so did the odds of TB. This demonstrates the importance of targeted TB screening of people with DM in TB-endemic settings. Optimal glycaemic control is also crucial as this reduces DM-related end organ damage and may also reduce TB risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Viney
- Centre of Global Health, Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra ACT
| | - T Mills
- Medical School, College of Health and Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra ACT
| | - D Harley
- Mater Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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17
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Ko J, Mills T, Huang J, Chen NY, Mertens TCJ, Collum SD, Lee G, Xiang Y, Han L, Zhou Y, Lee CG, Elias JA, Jyothula SSK, Rajagopal K, Karmouty-Quintana H, Blackburn MR. Transforming growth factor β1 alters the 3'-UTR of mRNA to promote lung fibrosis. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:15781-15794. [PMID: 31488543 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.009148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic disease characterized by the pathological remodeling of air sacs as a result of excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, but the mechanism governing the robust protein expression is poorly understood. Our recent findings demonstrate that alternative polyadenylation (APA) caused by NUDT21 reduction is important for the increased expression of fibrotic mediators and ECM proteins in lung fibroblasts by shortening the 3'-untranslated regions (3'-UTRs) of mRNAs and stabilizing their transcripts, therefore activating pathological signaling pathways. Despite the importance of NUDT21 reduction in the regulation of fibrosis, the underlying mechanisms for the depletion are unknown. We demonstrate here that NUDT21 is depleted by TGFβ1. We found that miR203, which is increased in IPF, was induced by TGFβ1 to target the NUDT21 3'-UTR, thus depleting NUDT21 in human and mouse lung fibroblasts. TGFβ1-mediated NUDT21 reduction was attenuated by the miR203 inhibitor antagomiR203 in fibroblasts. TGFβ1 transgenic mice revealed that TGFβ1 down-regulates NUDT21 in fibroblasts in vivo Furthermore, TGFβ1 promoted differential APA of fibrotic genes, including FGF14, RICTOR, TMOD2, and UCP5, in association with increased protein expression. This unique differential APA signature was also observed in IPF fibroblasts. Altogether, our results identified TGFβ1 as an APA regulator through NUDT21 depletion amplifying pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junsuk Ko
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, the University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas 77030.,MD Anderson UTHealth Graduate School, the University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Tingting Mills
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, the University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Jingjing Huang
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210003 Jiangsu, China
| | - Ning-Yuan Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, the University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Tinne C J Mertens
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, the University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Scott D Collum
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, the University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas 77030.,MD Anderson UTHealth Graduate School, the University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Garam Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, the University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Yu Xiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, the University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Leng Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, the University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas 77030.,MD Anderson UTHealth Graduate School, the University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Yang Zhou
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912
| | - Chun Geun Lee
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912
| | - Jack A Elias
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912
| | - Soma S K Jyothula
- Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, the University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Keshava Rajagopal
- Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, the University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Harry Karmouty-Quintana
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, the University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas 77030.,MD Anderson UTHealth Graduate School, the University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Michael R Blackburn
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, the University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas 77030 .,MD Anderson UTHealth Graduate School, the University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas 77030
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18
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Ruan H, Xiang Y, Ko J, Li S, Jing Y, Zhu X, Ye Y, Zhang Z, Mills T, Feng J, Liu CJ, Jing J, Cao J, Zhou B, Wang L, Zhou Y, Lin C, Guo AY, Chen X, Diao L, Li W, Chen Z, He X, Mills GB, Blackburn MR, Han L. Comprehensive characterization of circular RNAs in ~ 1000 human cancer cell lines. Genome Med 2019; 11:55. [PMID: 31446897 PMCID: PMC6709551 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-019-0663-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human cancer cell lines are fundamental models for cancer research and therapeutic strategy development. However, there is no characterization of circular RNAs (circRNAs) in a large number of cancer cell lines. METHODS Here, we apply four circRNA identification algorithms to heuristically characterize the expression landscape of circRNAs across ~ 1000 human cancer cell lines from CCLE polyA-enriched RNA-seq data. By using integrative analysis and experimental approaches, we explore the expression landscape, biogenesis, functional consequences, and drug response of circRNAs across different cancer lineages. RESULTS We revealed highly lineage-specific expression patterns of circRNAs, suggesting that circRNAs may be powerful diagnostic and/or prognostic markers in cancer treatment. We also identified key genes involved in circRNA biogenesis and confirmed that TGF-β signaling may promote biogenesis of circRNAs. Strikingly, we showed that clinically actionable genes are more likely to generate circRNAs, potentially due to the enrichment of RNA-binding protein (RBP) binding sites. Among these, circMYC can promote cell proliferation. We observed strong association between the expression of circRNAs and the response to drugs, especially those targeting chromatin histone acetylation. Finally, we developed a user-friendly data portal, CircRNAs in cancer cell lines (CircRiC, https://hanlab.uth.edu/cRic ), to benefit the biomedical research community. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides the characterization of circRNAs in cancer cell lines and explored the potential mechanism of circRNA biogenesis as well as its therapeutic implications. We also provide a data portal to facilitate the related biomedical researches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Ruan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yu Xiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Junsuk Ko
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Shengli Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Ying Jing
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Xiaoyu Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Youqiong Ye
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Zhao Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Tingting Mills
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jing Feng
- School of Computer Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-Jie Liu
- Department of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji Jing
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jin Cao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Bingying Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, People's Republic of China
| | - Yubin Zhou
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Chunru Lin
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - An-Yuan Guo
- Department of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Lixia Diao
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Wenbo Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Zhiao Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 270 Dong An Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianghuo He
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 270 Dong An Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Gordon B Mills
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Michael R Blackburn
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Leng Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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19
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Wu M, Skaug B, Bi X, Mills T, Salazar G, Zhou X, Reveille J, Agarwal SK, Blackburn MR, Mayes MD, Assassi S. Interferon regulatory factor 7 (IRF7) represents a link between inflammation and fibrosis in the pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis. Ann Rheum Dis 2019; 78:1583-1591. [PMID: 31439591 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2019-215208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES There is considerable evidence that implicates dysregulation of type I interferon signalling (or type I IFN signature) in the pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis (SSc). Interferon regulatory factor 7 (IRF7) has been recognised as a master regulator of type I IFN signalling. The objective of this study was to elucidate the role of IRF7 in dermal fibrosis and SSc pathogenesis. METHODS SSc and healthy control skin biopsies were investigated to determine IRF7 expression and activation. The role of IRF7 in fibrosis was investigated using IRF7 knockout (KO) mice in the bleomycin-induced and TSK/+mouse models. In vitro experiments with dermal fibroblasts from patients with SSc and healthy controls were performed. RESULTS IRF7 expression was significantly upregulated and activated in SSc skin tissue and explanted SSc dermal fibroblasts compared with unaffected, matched controls. Moreover, IRF7 expression was stimulated by IFN-α in dermal fibroblasts. Importantly, IRF7 co-immunoprecipitated with Smad3, a key mediator of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signalling, and IRF7 knockdown reduced profibrotic factors in SSc fibroblasts. IRF7 KO mice demonstrated attenuated dermal fibrosis and inflammation compared with wild-type mice in response to bleomycin. Specifically, hydroxyproline content, dermal thickness as well as Col1a2, ACTA2 and interleukin-6 mRNA levels were significantly attenuated in IRF7 KO mice skin tissue. Furthermore, IRF7 KO in TSK/+mice attenuated hydroxyproline content, subcutaneous hypodermal thickness, Col1a2 mRNA as well as α-smooth muscle actin and fibronectin expression. CONCLUSIONS IRF7 is upregulated in SSc skin, interacts with Smad3 and potentiates TGF-β-mediated fibrosis, and therefore may represent a promising therapeutic target in SSc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghua Wu
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunogenetics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas McGovern Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Brian Skaug
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunogenetics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas McGovern Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Xiongjie Bi
- First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Science And Technology, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Tingting Mills
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas McGovern Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Gloria Salazar
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunogenetics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas McGovern Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Xiaodong Zhou
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunogenetics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas McGovern Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - John Reveille
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunogenetics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas McGovern Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Sandeep K Agarwal
- Department of Medicine, Section of Immunology, Allergy and Rheumatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Michael R Blackburn
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas McGovern Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Maureen D Mayes
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunogenetics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas McGovern Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Shervin Assassi
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunogenetics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas McGovern Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
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20
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Xiang Y, Ye Y, Lou Y, Yang Y, Cai C, Zhang Z, Mills T, Chen NY, Kim Y, Muge Ozguc F, Diao L, Karmouty-Quintana H, Xia Y, Kellems RE, Chen Z, Blackburn MR, Yoo SH, Shyu AB, Mills GB, Han L. Comprehensive Characterization of Alternative Polyadenylation in Human Cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 2019; 110:379-389. [PMID: 29106591 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djx223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Alternative polyadenylation (APA) is emerging as a major post-transcriptional mechanism for gene regulation, and dysregulation of APA contributes to several human diseases. However, the functional consequences of APA in human cancer are not fully understood. Particularly, there is no large-scale analysis in cancer cell lines. Methods We characterized the global APA profiles of 6398 patient samples across 17 cancer types from The Cancer Genome Atlas and 739 cancer cell lines from the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia. We built a linear regression model to explore the correlation between APA factors and APA events across different cancer types. We used Spearman correlation to assess the effects of APA events on drug sensitivity and the Wilcoxon rank-sum test or Cox proportional hazards model to identify clinically relevant APA events. Results We revealed a striking global 3'UTR shortening in cancer cell lines compared with tumor samples. Our analysis further suggested PABPN1 as the master regulator in regulating APA profile across different cancer types. Furthermore, we showed that APA events could affect drug sensitivity, especially of drugs targeting chromatin modifiers. Finally, we identified 1971 clinically relevant APA events, as well as alterations of APA in clinically actionable genes, suggesting that analysis of the complexity of APA profiles could have clinical utility. Conclusions Our study highlights important roles for APA in human cancer, including reshaping cellular pathways and regulating specific gene expression, exemplifying the complex interplay between APA and other biological processes and yielding new insights into the action mechanism of cancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Xiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Youqiong Ye
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Yanyan Lou
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Chunyan Cai
- Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Zhao Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Tingting Mills
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Ning-Yuan Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Yoonjin Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Fatma Muge Ozguc
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Lixia Diao
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Harry Karmouty-Quintana
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Yang Xia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Rodney E Kellems
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Zheng Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Michael R Blackburn
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Seung-Hee Yoo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Ann-Bin Shyu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Gordon B Mills
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Leng Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
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21
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Shakespeare C, Merriel A, Bakhbakhi D, Baneszova R, Barnard K, Lynch M, Storey C, Blencowe H, Boyle F, Flenady V, Gold K, Horey D, Mills T, Siassakos D. Parents' and healthcare professionals' experiences of care after stillbirth in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-summary. BJOG 2018; 126:12-21. [PMID: 30099831 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.15430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stillbirth has a profound impact on women, families, and healthcare workers. The burden is highest in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). There is need for respectful and supportive care for women, partners, and families after bereavement. OBJECTIVE To perform a qualitative meta-summary of parents' and healthcare professionals' experiences of care after stillbirth in LMICs. SEARCH STRATEGY Search terms were formulated by identifying all synonyms, thesaurus terms, and variations for stillbirth. Databases searched were AMED, EMBASE, MEDLINE, PsychINFO, BNI, CINAHL. SELECTION CRITERIA Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed method studies that addressed parents' or healthcare professionals' experience of care after stillbirth in LMICs. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Studies were screened, and data extracted in duplicate. Data were analysed using the Sandelowski meta-summary technique that calculates frequency and intensity effect sizes (FES/IES). MAIN RESULTS In all, 118 full texts were screened, and 34 studies from 17 countries were included. FES range was 15-68%. Most studies had IES 1.5-4.5. Women experience a broad range of manifestations of grief following stillbirth, which may not be recognised by healthcare workers or in their communities. Lack of recognition exacerbates negative experiences of stigmatisation, blame, devaluation, and loss of social status. Adequately developed health systems, with trained and supported staff, are best equipped to provide the support and information that women want after stillbirth. CONCLUSIONS Basic interventions could have an immediate impact on the experiences of women and their families after stillbirth. Examples include public education to reduce stigma, promoting the respectful maternity care agenda, and investigating stillbirth appropriately. TWEETABLE ABSTRACT Reducing stigma, promoting respectful care and investigating stillbirth have a positive impact after stillbirth for women and families in LMICs.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Shakespeare
- School of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,Department of Women and Children's Health, The Chilterns, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, UK
| | - A Merriel
- School of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,Department of Women and Children's Health, The Chilterns, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, UK
| | - D Bakhbakhi
- School of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,Department of Women and Children's Health, The Chilterns, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, UK
| | - R Baneszova
- 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Bratislava, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - K Barnard
- Library and Knowledge Service, Southmead Hospital, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - M Lynch
- Department of Women and Children's Health, The Chilterns, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, UK
| | - C Storey
- International Stillbirth Alliance, Bristol, UK
| | - H Blencowe
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - F Boyle
- Centre of Research Excellence in Stillbirth, Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, South Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - V Flenady
- Centre of Research Excellence in Stillbirth, Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, South Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - K Gold
- Department of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - D Horey
- La Trobe University, Bundoora, Vic., Australia
| | - T Mills
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - D Siassakos
- School of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,Department of Women and Children's Health, The Chilterns, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, UK
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22
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Bauman G, Chen J, Rodrigues G, Commisso K, Mamedov A, Musunuru H, Davidson M, Mills T, Warner A, Loblaw D. Extreme Hypofractionation for High Risk Prostate Cancer: Dosimetric Correlations With Rectal Bleeding. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2017.06.358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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23
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Li H, Karmouty-Quintana H, Chen NY, Mills T, Molina J, Blackburn MR, Davies J. Loss of CD73-mediated extracellular adenosine production exacerbates inflammation and abnormal alveolar development in newborn mice exposed to prolonged hyperoxia. Pediatr Res 2017; 82:pr2017176. [PMID: 28832580 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2017.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BackgroundHyperoxic lung injury is characterized by cellular damage from high oxygen concentrations that lead to an inflammatory response and it disrupts normal alveolarization in the developing newborn lung. Adenosine is a signaling molecule that is generated extracellularly by ecto-5'-nucleotidase (CD73) in response to injury. Extracellular adenosine signals through cell surface receptors and has been found to have a protective role in acute injury situations; however, chronic elevations have been associated with detrimental changes in chronic lung diseases. We hypothesized that hyperoxia-induced lung injury leads to CD73-mediated increases in extracellular adenosine, which are detrimental to the newborn lung.MethodsC57Bl/6 and CD73-/- mice were exposed to 95% oxygen, 70% oxygen, or room air. Adenosine concentration and markers of pulmonary inflammation and lung development were measured.ResultsExposure to hyperoxia caused pulmonary inflammation and disrupted normal alveolar development in association with increased pulmonary adenosine levels. Loss of CD73-mediated extracellular adenosine production led to decreased survival with exposure to 95% oxygen, and exacerbated pulmonary inflammation and worsened lung development with 70% oxygen exposure.ConclusionExposure to hyperoxia causes lung injury associated with an increase in adenosine concentration, and loss of CD73-mediated adenosine production leads to worsening of hyperoxic lung injury.Pediatric Research advance online publication, 23 August 2017; doi:10.1038/pr.2017.176.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiling Li
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Harry Karmouty-Quintana
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas-Houston Medical School, Houston, Texas
| | - Ning-Yuan Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas-Houston Medical School, Houston, Texas
| | - Tingting Mills
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas-Houston Medical School, Houston, Texas
| | - Jose Molina
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas-Houston Medical School, Houston, Texas
| | - Michael R Blackburn
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas-Houston Medical School, Houston, Texas
| | - Jonathan Davies
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
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24
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Wojcieszek AM, Boyle FM, Belizán JM, Cassidy J, Cassidy P, Erwich JJHM, Farrales L, Gross MM, Heazell AEP, Leisher SH, Mills T, Murphy M, Pettersson K, Ravaldi C, Ruidiaz J, Siassakos D, Silver RM, Storey C, Vannacci A, Middleton P, Ellwood D, Flenady V. Care in subsequent pregnancies following stillbirth: an international survey of parents. BJOG 2016; 125:193-201. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.14424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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25
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Batchelor H, Venables R, Marriott J, Mills T. Tribology can be used to assess texture perception of oral medicines. Int J Pharm 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.06.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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26
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Luo F, Le NB, Mills T, Chen NY, Karmouty-Quintana H, Molina JG, Davies J, Philip K, Volcik KA, Liu H, Xia Y, Eltzschig HK, Blackburn MR. Extracellular adenosine levels are associated with the progression and exacerbation of pulmonary fibrosis. FASEB J 2015; 30:874-83. [PMID: 26527068 DOI: 10.1096/fj.15-274845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a devastating lung disease with limited treatment options. The signaling molecule adenosine is produced in response to injury and serves a protective role in early stages of injury and is detrimental during chronic stages of disease such as seen in lung conditions such as pulmonary fibrosis. Understanding the association of extracellular adenosine levels and the progression of pulmonary fibrosis is critical for designing adenosine based approaches to treat pulmonary fibrosis. The goal of this study was to use various models of experimental lung fibrosis to understand when adenosine levels are elevated during pulmonary fibrosis and whether these elevations were associated with disease progression and severity. To accomplish this, extracellular adenosine levels, defined as adenosine levels found in bronchioalveolar lavage fluid, were determined in mouse models of resolvable and progressive pulmonary fibrosis. We found that relative bronchioalveolar lavage fluid adenosine levels are progressively elevated in association with pulmonary fibrosis and that adenosine levels diminish in association with the resolution of lung fibrosis. In addition, treatment of these models with dipyridamole, an inhibitor of nucleoside transporters that potentiates extracellular adenosine levels, demonstrated that the resolution of lung fibrosis is blocked by the failure of adenosine levels to subside. Furthermore, exacerbating adenosine levels led to worse fibrosis in a progressive fibrosis model. Increased adenosine levels were associated with elevation of IL-6 and IL-17, which are important inflammatory cytokines in pulmonary fibrosis. These results demonstrate that extracellular adenosine levels are closely associated with the progression of experimental pulmonary fibrosis and that this signaling pathway may mediate fibrosis by regulating IL-6 and IL-17 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fayong Luo
- *Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA; Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA; and Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Ngoc-Bao Le
- *Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA; Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA; and Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Tingting Mills
- *Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA; Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA; and Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Ning-Yuan Chen
- *Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA; Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA; and Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Harry Karmouty-Quintana
- *Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA; Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA; and Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Jose G Molina
- *Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA; Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA; and Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Jonathan Davies
- *Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA; Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA; and Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Kemly Philip
- *Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA; Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA; and Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Kelly A Volcik
- *Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA; Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA; and Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Hong Liu
- *Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA; Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA; and Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Yang Xia
- *Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA; Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA; and Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Holger K Eltzschig
- *Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA; Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA; and Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Michael R Blackburn
- *Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA; Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA; and Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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Ludwik C, Mills T, Frawley H. The prevalence of bladder and bowel symptoms experienced by men and women seeking treatment for general chronic pain. Physiotherapy 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physio.2015.03.1747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Selvan S, McNally J, Mills T. THU0401 Audit of Atypical Hip Fractures at the Royal Berkshire Hospital. Ann Rheum Dis 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-eular.929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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McCrickerd K, Chambers L, Brunstrom J, Norton J, Mills T, Yeomans M. Subtle changes in the flavour and texture of a drink enhance expectations of satiety. Appetite 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2012.05.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Sanghera B, Sonoda LI, Hart J, Vivian G, Mills T, Wong WL. Age and dose-limited PET-CT scan regime in lymphoma: between the devil and the deep blue sea? Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2012; 150:381-384. [PMID: 22069232 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncr412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In this study the authors speculate about hypothetical effective-dose (E) reduction through limiting post-chemotherapy PET-CT scanning to lymphoma sites previously identified on pre-treatment CT. E reductions/scan time savings are compared between post-treatment standard and theoretically limited PET-CT scans. The influence of patient age with E savings and associated clinical implication for 100 subjects are discussed. The greatest E theoretical savings of 52 and 32% for the CT contribution and combined PET-CT, respectively, were seen in patients <18 y old using limited scans in this study, with a potential mean time saving of 16 min per patient across the entire cohort. However, the limited PET-CT regime here missed a 1% rate of unexpected cancer that standard PET-CT recorded. The authors recommend performing larger scale multi-centre studies comparing PET-CT pre- and post-chemotherapy to establish full clinical efficacy of this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Sanghera
- Paul Strickland Scanner Centre, Mount Vernon Hospital, Northwood, Middlesex HA6 2RN, UK.
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Mills T, Winter D, Keith S, Fletcher D. WE-E-211-01: Medical Physics in Federal and State Governments. Med Phys 2012; 39:3955. [PMID: 28520015 DOI: 10.1118/1.4736140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2010, FDA's Center for Devices and Radiological Health (CDRH) launched an "Initiative to Reduce Unnecessary Radiation Exposure from Medical Imaging" and held a public meeting on "Device Improvements to Reduce Unnecessary Radiation Exposure from Medical Imaging" March 30- 31, 2010). In follow-up, FDA is pursuing efforts using its regulatory authority as it applies to imaging equipment and manufacturers and also partnering with professional organizations such as AAPM, industry and other governmental agencies to incorporate radiation protection principles into facility quality assurance, personnel credentialing, and training requirements.The current U.S. Federal guidance on medical x-rays was published in 1976 and addresses film imaging for radiographie and dental modalities. The Medical Workgroup of the Interagency Steering Committee on Radiation Standards (ISCORS) has modernized that document to address both diagnostic and interventional approaches, film and digital imaging, and the broad range of modalities that include radiography, computed tomography, interventional fluoroscopy, dentistry, bone densitometry, and veterinary practice. The current scope and status of the document will be presented.The Military Health System is committed to providing state-of- the-art care to its beneficiaries; both at home and abroad. Personnel constraints and the continuing wars oversees have created obstacles to this objective. In the past decade, tremendous advances have occurred in Electronic Health Records (EHR) and Teleradiology. Military Radiology seeks to leverage these advances as a means of surmounting many of the challenges it faces. In this talk, the current status of DoD teleradiology and EHR will be presented. LEARNING OBJECTIVES 1. To provide a venue in which physicists working in the public sector can interface and discuss specific issues related to supporting the federal and state governments 2. To provide a venue for medical physicists to voice specific concerns with federal/state programs where medical physics should be involved in and/or more effective. 3. To educate audience on federal or state new or updated guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Mills
- F.D.A, Silver Spring, MD.,David Grant Medical Center, VACAVILLE, AA.,National Ctr for Environment, Atlanta, GA.,Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD
| | - D Winter
- F.D.A, Silver Spring, MD.,David Grant Medical Center, VACAVILLE, AA.,National Ctr for Environment, Atlanta, GA.,Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD
| | - S Keith
- F.D.A, Silver Spring, MD.,David Grant Medical Center, VACAVILLE, AA.,National Ctr for Environment, Atlanta, GA.,Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD
| | - D Fletcher
- F.D.A, Silver Spring, MD.,David Grant Medical Center, VACAVILLE, AA.,National Ctr for Environment, Atlanta, GA.,Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD
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Glenzer SH, MacGowan BJ, Meezan NB, Adams PA, Alfonso JB, Alger ET, Alherz Z, Alvarez LF, Alvarez SS, Amick PV, Andersson KS, Andrews SD, Antonini GJ, Arnold PA, Atkinson DP, Auyang L, Azevedo SG, Balaoing BNM, Baltz JA, Barbosa F, Bardsley GW, Barker DA, Barnes AI, Baron A, Beeler RG, Beeman BV, Belk LR, Bell JC, Bell PM, Berger RL, Bergonia MA, Bernardez LJ, Berzins LV, Bettenhausen RC, Bezerides L, Bhandarkar SD, Bishop CL, Bond EJ, Bopp DR, Borgman JA, Bower JR, Bowers GA, Bowers MW, Boyle DT, Bradley DK, Bragg JL, Braucht J, Brinkerhoff DL, Browning DF, Brunton GK, Burkhart SC, Burns SR, Burns KE, Burr B, Burrows LM, Butlin RK, Cahayag NJ, Callahan DA, Cardinale PS, Carey RW, Carlson JW, Casey AD, Castro C, Celeste JR, Chakicherla AY, Chambers FW, Chan C, Chandrasekaran H, Chang C, Chapman RF, Charron K, Chen Y, Christensen MJ, Churby AJ, Clancy TJ, Cline BD, Clowdus LC, Cocherell DG, Coffield FE, Cohen SJ, Costa RL, Cox JR, Curnow GM, Dailey MJ, Danforth PM, Darbee R, Datte PS, Davis JA, Deis GA, Demaret RD, Dewald EL, Di Nicola P, Di Nicola JM, Divol L, Dixit S, Dobson DB, Doppner T, Driscoll JD, Dugorepec J, Duncan JJ, Dupuy PC, Dzenitis EG, Eckart MJ, Edson SL, Edwards GJ, Edwards MJ, Edwards OD, Edwards PW, Ellefson JC, Ellerbee CH, Erbert GV, Estes CM, Fabyan WJ, Fallejo RN, Fedorov M, Felker B, Fink JT, Finney MD, Finnie LF, Fischer MJ, Fisher JM, Fishler BT, Florio JW, Forsman A, Foxworthy CB, Franks RM, Frazier T, Frieder G, Fung T, Gawinski GN, Gibson CR, Giraldez E, Glenn SM, Golick BP, Gonzales H, Gonzales SA, Gonzalez MJ, Griffin KL, Grippen J, Gross SM, Gschweng PH, Gururangan G, Gu K, Haan SW, Hahn SR, Haid BJ, Hamblen JE, Hammel BA, Hamza AV, Hardy DL, Hart DR, Hartley RG, Haynam CA, Heestand GM, Hermann MR, Hermes GL, Hey DS, Hibbard RL, Hicks DG, Hinkel DE, Hipple DL, Hitchcock JD, Hodtwalker DL, Holder JP, Hollis JD, Holtmeier GM, Huber SR, Huey AW, Hulsey DN, Hunter SL, Huppler TR, Hutton MS, Izumi N, Jackson JL, Jackson MA, Jancaitis KS, Jedlovec DR, Johnson B, Johnson MC, Johnson T, Johnston MP, Jones OS, Kalantar DH, Kamperschroer JH, Kauffman RL, Keating GA, Kegelmeyer LM, Kenitzer SL, Kimbrough JR, King K, Kirkwood RK, Klingmann JL, Knittel KM, Kohut TR, Koka KG, Kramer SW, Krammen JE, Krauter KG, Krauter GW, Krieger EK, Kroll JJ, La Fortune KN, Lagin LJ, Lakamsani VK, Landen OL, Lane SW, Langdon AB, Langer SH, Lao N, Larson DW, Latray D, Lau GT, Le Pape S, Lechleiter BL, Lee Y, Lee TL, Li J, Liebman JA, Lindl JD, Locke SF, Loey HK, London RA, Lopez FJ, Lord DM, Lowe-Webb RR, Lown JG, Ludwigsen AP, Lum NW, Lyons RR, Ma T, MacKinnon AJ, Magat MD, Maloy DT, Malsbury TN, Markham G, Marquez RM, Marsh AA, Marshall CD, Marshall SR, Maslennikov IL, Mathisen DG, Mauger GJ, Mauvais MY, McBride JA, McCarville T, McCloud JB, McGrew A, McHale B, MacPhee AG, Meeker JF, Merill JS, Mertens EP, Michel PA, Miller MG, Mills T, Milovich JL, Miramontes R, Montesanti RC, Montoya MM, Moody J, Moody JD, Moreno KA, Morris J, Morriston KM, Nelson JR, Neto M, Neumann JD, Ng E, Ngo QM, Olejniczak BL, Olson RE, Orsi NL, Owens MW, Padilla EH, Pannell TM, Parham TG, Patterson RW, Pavel G, Prasad RR, Pendlton D, Penko FA, Pepmeier BL, Petersen DE, Phillips TW, Pigg D, Piston KW, Pletcher KD, Powell CL, Radousky HB, Raimondi BS, Ralph JE, Rampke RL, Reed RK, Reid WA, Rekow VV, Reynolds JL, Rhodes JJ, Richardson MJ, Rinnert RJ, Riordan BP, Rivenes AS, Rivera AT, Roberts CJ, Robinson JA, Robinson RB, Robison SR, Rodriguez OR, Rogers SP, Rosen MD, Ross GF, Runkel M, Runtal AS, Sacks RA, Sailors SF, Salmon JT, Salmonson JD, Saunders RL, Schaffer JR, Schindler TM, Schmitt MJ, Schneider MB, Segraves KS, Shaw MJ, Sheldrick ME, Shelton RT, Shiflett MK, Shiromizu SJ, Shor M, Silva LL, Silva SA, Skulina KM, Smauley DA, Smith BE, Smith LK, Solomon AL, Sommer S, Soto JG, Spafford NI, Speck DE, Springer PT, Stadermann M, Stanley F, Stone TG, Stout EA, Stratton PL, Strausser RJ, Suter LJ, Sweet W, Swisher MF, Tappero JD, Tassano JB, Taylor JS, Tekle EA, Thai C, Thomas CA, Thomas A, Throop AL, Tietbohl GL, Tillman JM, Town RPJ, Townsend SL, Tribbey KL, Trummer D, Truong J, Vaher J, Valadez M, Van Arsdall P, Van Prooyen AJ, Vergel de Dios EO, Vergino MD, Vernon SP, Vickers JL, Villanueva GT, Vitalich MA, Vonhof SA, Wade FE, Wallace RJ, Warren CT, Warrick AL, Watkins J, Weaver S, Wegner PJ, Weingart MA, Wen J, White KS, Whitman PK, Widmann K, Widmayer CC, Wilhelmsen K, Williams EA, Williams WH, Willis L, Wilson EF, Wilson BA, Witte MC, Work K, Yang PS, Young BK, Youngblood KP, Zacharias RA, Zaleski T, Zapata PG, Zhang H, Zielinski JS, Kline JL, Kyrala GA, Niemann C, Kilkenny JD, Nikroo A, Van Wonterghem BM, Atherton LJ, Moses EI. Demonstration of ignition radiation temperatures in indirect-drive inertial confinement fusion hohlraums. Phys Rev Lett 2011; 106:085004. [PMID: 21405580 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.106.085004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the hohlraum radiation temperature and symmetry required for ignition-scale inertial confinement fusion capsule implosions. Cryogenic gas-filled hohlraums with 2.2 mm-diameter capsules are heated with unprecedented laser energies of 1.2 MJ delivered by 192 ultraviolet laser beams on the National Ignition Facility. Laser backscatter measurements show that these hohlraums absorb 87% to 91% of the incident laser power resulting in peak radiation temperatures of T(RAD)=300 eV and a symmetric implosion to a 100 μm diameter hot core.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Glenzer
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
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Weston H, Cowell V, Grimmett K, Saal R, Jones M, Mills T, Gill D, Marlton P, Bird R, Mollee P. Prognostic utility of spontaneous erythroid colony formation and JAK2 mutational analysis for thrombotic events in essential thrombocythaemia. Intern Med J 2010; 41:408-15. [PMID: 20681956 DOI: 10.1111/j.1445-5994.2010.02334.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thrombotic events in essential thrombocythaemia (ET) are difficult to predict with current risk stratification based on age and prior history of thrombosis. AIMS We aimed to assess the predictive value of the JAK2 V617F mutation (JAK2) and spontaneous erythroid colony (SEC) growth for the development of thrombotic events post diagnosis in patients with ET. METHODS Consecutive patients with ET were retrospectively identified, and clinical and laboratory correlates were evaluated. Thrombotic events were categorized according to their occurrence at or prior to diagnosis (prior thrombosis), and any time post diagnosis of ET (subsequent thrombosis). JAK2 analysis was performed by allele-specific PCR on whole blood or bone marrow. RESULTS A total of 62 patients was identified, median age 63 years; 67% (41/61) JAK2-positive and 47% (25/53) SEC-positive. Median follow-up was 33 months (range, 1 to 137). JAK2-positive patients showed a trend to increased prior thrombosis (27% vs 5%, P= 0.08), and a significant increase in the development of subsequent thrombosis (5-year event rate 31% vs 6%, P= 0.04), which persisted when stratified for a history of prior thrombosis (P= 0.04). Survival was not affected by JAK2 status. The SEC assay predicted an increased rate of baseline thrombosis (16% vs 0%, P= 0.04), but was not found to be predictive of any subsequent thrombotic events. CONCLUSIONS Patients with ET who are JAK2-positive by whole blood allele-specific PCR appear to be at increased risk of thrombotic complications, which is independent of a prior history of thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Weston
- Haematology Department, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Mills T, Stern S. SU-GG-I-69: Development of a Handbook of Radiation Doses in Organs of Patients Undergoing X-Ray Computed Tomography (CT). Med Phys 2010. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3468102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Warnecke TE, Lynch MD, Karimpour-Fard A, Lipscomb ML, Handke P, Mills T, Ramey CJ, Hoang T, Gill RT. Rapid dissection of a complex phenotype through genomic-scale mapping of fitness altering genes. Metab Eng 2010; 12:241-50. [PMID: 20060059 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2009.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2009] [Revised: 12/09/2009] [Accepted: 12/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The understanding and engineering of complex phenotypes is a critical issue in biotechnology. Conventional approaches for engineering such phenotypes are often resource intensive, marginally effective, and unable to generate the level of biological understanding desired. Here, we report a new approach for rapidly dissecting a complex phenotype that is based upon the combination of genome-scale growth phenotype data, precisely targeted growth selections, and informatic strategies for abstracting and summarizing data onto coherent biological processes. We measured at high resolution (125 NT) and for the entire genome the effect of increased gene copy number on overall biological fitness corresponding to the expression of a complex phenotype (tolerance to 3-hydroxypropionic acid (3-HP) in Escherichia coli). Genetic level fitness data were then mapped according to various definitions of gene-gene interaction in order to generate network-level fitness data. When metabolic pathways were used to define interactions, we observed that genes within the chorismate and threonine super-pathways were disproportionately enriched throughout selections for 3-HP tolerance. Biochemical and genetic studies demonstrated that alleviation of inhibition of either of these super-pathways was sufficient to mitigate 3-HP toxicity. These data enabled the design of combinatorial modifications that almost completely offset 3-HP toxicity in minimal medium resulting in a 20 g/L and 25-fold increase in tolerance and specific growth, respectively.
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Taylor M, Mills T, Smith M, Pang E. Face recognition in adults and children: MEG localization of frontal sources. Neuroimage 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1053-8119(09)71770-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Vidal J, Mills T, Taylor MJ. Spatiotemporal analysis of response inhibition in adults and teenagers using event-related beamforming MEG. Neuroimage 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1053-8119(09)72100-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Manausa R, Mills T, Haydel M, Mills L, Dunbar L. 351: Impact of Hurricane Katrina on the Medical Residency Training in New Orleans. Ann Emerg Med 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2008.06.378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Levitan R, Mills L, Flansbaum D, Mills T. 388: Epidemiology in Patients With Facial Fractures. Ann Emerg Med 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2008.06.415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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De Wulf A, Mills L, Levitan R, Macht M, Afonso N, Avegno J, Mills T. Prevalence of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Following Hurricane Katrina. Acad Emerg Med 2007. [DOI: 10.1197/j.aem.2007.03.1079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Afonso N, Mills L, Levitan R, DeWulf A, Macht M, Avegno J, Mills T. Patient Perceptions of the Interim Healthcare System after Hurricane Katrina. Acad Emerg Med 2007. [DOI: 10.1197/j.aem.2007.03.723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Pencer J, Mills T, Anghel V, Krueger S, Epand RM, Katsaras J. Detection of submicron-sized raft-like domains in membranes by small-angle neutron scattering. Eur Phys J E Soft Matter 2005; 18:447-58. [PMID: 16292472 DOI: 10.1140/epje/e2005-00046-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2005] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Using coarse grained models of heterogeneous vesicles we demonstrate the potential for small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) to detect and distinguish between two different categories of lateral segregation: 1) unilamellar vesicles (ULV) containing a single domain and 2) the formation of several small domains or "clusters" (approximately 10 nm in radius) on a ULV. Exploiting the unique sensitivity of neutron scattering to differences between hydrogen and deuterium, we show that the liquid ordered (lo) DPPC-rich phase can be selectively labeled using chain deuterated dipalymitoyl phosphatidylcholine (dDPPC), which greatly facilitates the use of SANS to detect membrane domains. SANS experiments are then performed in order to detect and characterize, on nanometer length scales, lateral heterogeneities, or so-called "rafts", in approximately 30 nm radius low polydispersity ULV made up of ternary mixtures of phospholipids and cholesterol. For 1:1:1 DOPC:DPPC:cholesterol (DDC) ULV we find evidence for the formation of lateral heterogeneities on cooling below 30 degrees C. These heterogeneities do not appear when DOPC is replaced by SOPC. Fits to the experimental data using coarse grained models show that, at room temperature, DDC ULV each exhibit approximately 30 domains with average radii of approximately 10 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Pencer
- National Research Council, Canadian Neutron Beam Centre, Chalk River, ON K0J 1J0, Canada.
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Mills T, Holm MB, Trefler E, Schmeler M, Fitzgerald S, Boninger M. Development and consumer validation of the Functional Evaluation in a Wheelchair (FEW) instrument. Disabil Rehabil 2002; 24:38-46. [PMID: 11827153 DOI: 10.1080/09638280110066334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of the study is to develop an outcome measurement tool to investigate functional performance of consumers using seating and wheelchair systems as their primary seating and mobility device. The instrument is undergoing systematic development in three phases. The results of Phase 1 will be reported. METHOD Manual and power wheelchair users were interviewed using a modified version of a client-centred outcome measure. An item bank was derived based on the interview data. Subjects were then asked to validate item categories of the new instrument, and finally to self-administer the first version of the instrument. RESULTS Subjects reported 154 self-care, productivity, and leisure occupational performance issues related to their current seating-mobility system. Based on their input, 10 categories (i.e. transfers, reach, accessing task surfaces, transportation-portability, human-machine interface, architectural barriers, transportation-accessibility, transportation-securement, natural barriers and accessories) were validated for inclusion in the new outcome measure, Functional Evaluation in a Wheelchair (FEW). CONCLUSION The items on the FEW focus on the interaction between the consumer, the technology, and the milieu. Consumers viewed the overall importance of FEW categories for seating-mobility system users differently than when they self-administered the FEW.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Mills
- Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA. tamst75+@pitt.edu
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Affiliation(s)
- E Taliaferro
- PHHS VIP Center, 1936 Amelia Court, Dallas, Texas, USA
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Smith DJ, Mills T, Taliaferro EH. Frequency and relationship of reported symptomology in victims of intimate partner violence: the effect of multiple strangulation attacks. J Emerg Med 2001. [PMID: 11604297 DOI: 10.1016/s0736-4679(01)00402-] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study is to examine the correlation between the number of times a victim of intimate partner violence (IPV) has been strangled and symptom development subsequent to the attacks. One hundred and one female subjects responded to a series of questions regarding the history and characteristics of the strangulation and the development of specific medical symptoms. Multiple strangulation victims, individuals who had experienced more than one strangulation attack, on separate occasions, by the same abuser, reported neck and throat injuries, neurologic disorders, and psychological disorders with increased frequency. Despite the increased frequency of symptoms, only 39% of the multiple strangulation victims sought medical care. These observations strongly support the need for health care professionals to inquire about the incidence of strangulation, examine the victim closely for evidence of injuries caused by the attacks, and recommend immediate care in anticipation of the potentially long term medical needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Smith
- Violence Intervention and Prevention Center, Parkland Health and Hospital System, Dallas, Texas, USA
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Smith DJ, Mills T, Taliaferro EH. Frequency and relationship of reported symptomology in victims of intimate partner violence: the effect of multiple strangulation attacks. J Emerg Med 2001; 21:323-9. [PMID: 11604297 DOI: 10.1016/s0736-4679(01)00402-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study is to examine the correlation between the number of times a victim of intimate partner violence (IPV) has been strangled and symptom development subsequent to the attacks. One hundred and one female subjects responded to a series of questions regarding the history and characteristics of the strangulation and the development of specific medical symptoms. Multiple strangulation victims, individuals who had experienced more than one strangulation attack, on separate occasions, by the same abuser, reported neck and throat injuries, neurologic disorders, and psychological disorders with increased frequency. Despite the increased frequency of symptoms, only 39% of the multiple strangulation victims sought medical care. These observations strongly support the need for health care professionals to inquire about the incidence of strangulation, examine the victim closely for evidence of injuries caused by the attacks, and recommend immediate care in anticipation of the potentially long term medical needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Smith
- Violence Intervention and Prevention Center, Parkland Health and Hospital System, Dallas, Texas, USA
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Abstract
Thirty years ago it was suggested that comets impacting on the primitive Earth may have represented a significant source of terrestrial volatiles, including some important precursors for prebiotic synthesis (Oró, 1961, Nature 190: 389). This possibility is strongly supported not only by models of the collisional history of the early Earth, but also by astronomical evidence that suggests that frequent collisions of comet-like bodies from the circumstellar disk around the star beta Pictoris are taking place. Although a significant fraction of the complex organic compounds that appear to be present in cometary nuclei were probably destroyed during impact, it is argued that cometary collisions with the primitive Earth represented an important source of both free-energy and volatiles, and may have created transient, gaseous environments in which prebiotic synthesis may have taken place.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Oró
- Department of Biochemical and Biophysical Sciences, University of Houston, TX 77204-5934
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Miniaturization of electronic components may allow the construction of new types of endoscopes that no longer require external wires, cables, or optical fibers. Our aim was to assess the feasibility of wireless endoscopy and to construct experimental prototypes using miniature charge-coupled device cameras, light sources, microwave transmitters, and batteries. METHODS Feasibility, dimensions of miniature components, and power requirements were assessed. Prototypes were constructed and tested using cameras, transmitters, and halogen lamps powered by small batteries; 10.6 and 0.187 GHz transmitters were used to transmit the video signal. RESULTS Moving television images were transmitted through models, post-mortem and live porcine stomachs, to the external receiver. Transmission of images through the abdomen was tested by placing the device in a microwave-impermeable box behind a volunteer's back and the receiver in front of his abdomen. In other experiments the endoscope was used inside the human mouth. The device was placed surgically in the stomachs of 150 kg pigs in vivo and good-quality color television image reception was achieved. CONCLUSIONS These experiments demonstrate the feasibility of constructing a new type of endoscope that can transmit moving color television images from the GI tract without requiring fiberoptic or electrical cables.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Gong
- Department of Medical Physics, University College London, Gastrointestinal Science Research Unit, and Royal London Hospital, United Kingdom
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