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Montesanti RC, Alger ET, Atherton LJ, Bhandarkar SD, Castro C, Dzenitis EG, Edwards GJ, Hamza AV, Klingmann JL, Lord DM, Nikroo A, Parham TG, Reynolds JL, Seugling RM, Stadermann M, Swisher MF, Taylor JS, Wegner PJ. Lessons from Building Laser-Driven Fusion Ignition Targets with the Precision Robotic Assembly Machine. Fusion Science and Technology 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/fst10-3713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - L. J. Atherton
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California
| | | | - C. Castro
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California
| | - E. G. Dzenitis
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California
| | - G. J. Edwards
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California
| | - A. V. Hamza
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California
| | - J. L. Klingmann
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California
| | - D. M. Lord
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California
| | - A. Nikroo
- General Atomics, San Diego, California
| | - T. G. Parham
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California
| | - J. L. Reynolds
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California
| | - R. M. Seugling
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California
| | - M. Stadermann
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California
| | | | - J. S. Taylor
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California
| | - P. J. Wegner
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California
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Spaeth ML, Manes KR, Kalantar DH, Miller PE, Heebner JE, Bliss ES, Spec DR, Parham TG, Whitman PK, Wegner PJ, Baisden PA, Menapace JA, Bowers MW, Cohen SJ, Suratwala TI, Di Nicola JM, Newton MA, Adams JJ, Trenholme JB, Finucane RG, Bonanno RE, Rardin DC, Arnold PA, Dixit SN, Erbert GV, Erlandson AC, Fair JE, Feigenbaum E, Gourdin WH, Hawley RA, Honig J, House RK, Jancaitis KS, LaFortune KN, Larson DW, Le Galloudec BJ, Lindl JD, MacGowan BJ, Marshall CD, McCandless KP, McCracken RW, Montesanti RC, Moses EI, Nostrand MC, Pryatel JA, Roberts VS, Rodriguez SB, Rowe AW, Sacks RA, Salmon JT, Shaw MJ, Sommer S, Stolz CJ, Tietbohl GL, Widmayer CC, Zacharias R. Description of the NIF Laser. Fusion Science and Technology 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/fst15-144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. L. Spaeth
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, L-462, Livermore, California 94550
| | - K. R. Manes
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, L-462, Livermore, California 94550
| | - D. H. Kalantar
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, L-462, Livermore, California 94550
| | - P. E. Miller
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, L-462, Livermore, California 94550
| | - J. E. Heebner
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, L-462, Livermore, California 94550
| | - E. S. Bliss
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, L-462, Livermore, California 94550
| | - D. R. Spec
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, L-462, Livermore, California 94550
| | - T. G. Parham
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, L-462, Livermore, California 94550
| | - P. K. Whitman
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, L-462, Livermore, California 94550
| | - P. J. Wegner
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, L-462, Livermore, California 94550
| | - P. A. Baisden
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, L-462, Livermore, California 94550
| | - J. A. Menapace
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, L-462, Livermore, California 94550
| | - M. W. Bowers
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, L-462, Livermore, California 94550
| | - S. J. Cohen
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, L-462, Livermore, California 94550
| | - T. I. Suratwala
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, L-462, Livermore, California 94550
| | - J. M. Di Nicola
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, L-462, Livermore, California 94550
| | - M. A. Newton
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, L-462, Livermore, California 94550
| | - J. J. Adams
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, L-462, Livermore, California 94550
| | - J. B. Trenholme
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, L-462, Livermore, California 94550
| | - R. G. Finucane
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, L-462, Livermore, California 94550
| | - R. E. Bonanno
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, L-462, Livermore, California 94550
| | - D. C. Rardin
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, L-462, Livermore, California 94550
| | - P. A. Arnold
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, L-462, Livermore, California 94550
| | - S. N. Dixit
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, L-462, Livermore, California 94550
| | - G. V. Erbert
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, L-462, Livermore, California 94550
| | - A. C. Erlandson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, L-462, Livermore, California 94550
| | - J. E. Fair
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, L-462, Livermore, California 94550
| | - E. Feigenbaum
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, L-462, Livermore, California 94550
| | - W. H. Gourdin
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, L-462, Livermore, California 94550
| | - R. A. Hawley
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, L-462, Livermore, California 94550
| | - J. Honig
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, L-462, Livermore, California 94550
| | - R. K. House
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, L-462, Livermore, California 94550
| | - K. S. Jancaitis
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, L-462, Livermore, California 94550
| | - K. N. LaFortune
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, L-462, Livermore, California 94550
| | - D. W. Larson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, L-462, Livermore, California 94550
| | - B. J. Le Galloudec
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, L-462, Livermore, California 94550
| | - J. D. Lindl
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, L-462, Livermore, California 94550
| | - B. J. MacGowan
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, L-462, Livermore, California 94550
| | - C. D. Marshall
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, L-462, Livermore, California 94550
| | - K. P. McCandless
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, L-462, Livermore, California 94550
| | - R. W. McCracken
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, L-462, Livermore, California 94550
| | - R. C. Montesanti
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, L-462, Livermore, California 94550
| | - E. I. Moses
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, L-462, Livermore, California 94550
| | - M. C. Nostrand
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, L-462, Livermore, California 94550
| | - J. A. Pryatel
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, L-462, Livermore, California 94550
| | - V. S. Roberts
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, L-462, Livermore, California 94550
| | - S. B. Rodriguez
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, L-462, Livermore, California 94550
| | - A. W. Rowe
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, L-462, Livermore, California 94550
| | - R. A. Sacks
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, L-462, Livermore, California 94550
| | - J. T. Salmon
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, L-462, Livermore, California 94550
| | - M. J. Shaw
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, L-462, Livermore, California 94550
| | - S. Sommer
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, L-462, Livermore, California 94550
| | - C. J. Stolz
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, L-462, Livermore, California 94550
| | - G. L. Tietbohl
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, L-462, Livermore, California 94550
| | - C. C. Widmayer
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, L-462, Livermore, California 94550
| | - R. Zacharias
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, L-462, Livermore, California 94550
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Mackinnon AJ, Kline JL, Dixit SN, Glenzer SH, Edwards MJ, Callahan DA, Meezan NB, Haan SW, Kilkenny JD, Döppner T, Farley DR, Moody JD, Ralph JE, MacGowan BJ, Landen OL, Robey HF, Boehly TR, Celliers PM, Eggert JH, Krauter K, Frieders G, Ross GF, Hicks DG, Olson RE, Weber SV, Spears BK, Salmonsen JD, Michel P, Divol L, Hammel B, Thomas CA, Clark DS, Jones OS, Springer PT, Cerjan CJ, Collins GW, Glebov VY, Knauer JP, Sangster C, Stoeckl C, McKenty P, McNaney JM, Leeper RJ, Ruiz CL, Cooper GW, Nelson AG, Chandler GGA, Hahn KD, Moran MJ, Schneider MB, Palmer NE, Bionta RM, Hartouni EP, LePape S, Patel PK, Izumi N, Tommasini R, Bond EJ, Caggiano JA, Hatarik R, Grim GP, Merrill FE, Fittinghoff DN, Guler N, Drury O, Wilson DC, Herrmann HW, Stoeffl W, Casey DT, Johnson MG, Frenje JA, Petrasso RD, Zylestra A, Rinderknecht H, Kalantar DH, Dzenitis JM, Di Nicola P, Eder DC, Courdin WH, Gururangan G, Burkhart SC, Friedrich S, Blueuel DL, Bernstein LA, Eckart MJ, Munro DH, Hatchett SP, Macphee AG, Edgell DH, Bradley DK, Bell PM, Glenn SM, Simanovskaia N, Barrios MA, Benedetti R, Kyrala GA, Town RPJ, Dewald EL, Milovich JL, Widmann K, Moore AS, LaCaille G, Regan SP, Suter LJ, Felker B, Ashabranner RC, Jackson MC, Prasad R, Richardson MJ, Kohut TR, Datte PS, Krauter GW, Klingman JJ, Burr RF, Land TA, Hermann MR, Latray DA, Saunders RL, Weaver S, Cohen SJ, Berzins L, Brass SG, Palma ES, Lowe-Webb RR, McHalle GN, Arnold PA, Lagin LJ, Marshall CD, Brunton GK, Mathisen DG, Wood RD, Cox JR, Ehrlich RB, Knittel KM, Bowers MW, Zacharias RA, Young BK, Holder JP, Kimbrough JR, Ma T, La Fortune KN, Widmayer CC, Shaw MJ, Erbert GV, Jancaitis KS, DiNicola JM, Orth C, Heestand G, Kirkwood R, Haynam C, Wegner PJ, Whitman PK, Hamza A, Dzenitis EG, Wallace RJ, Bhandarkar SD, Parham TG, Dylla-Spears R, Mapoles ER, Kozioziemski BJ, Sater JD, Walters CF, Haid BJ, Fair J, Nikroo A, Giraldez E, Moreno K, Vanwonterghem B, Kauffman RL, Batha S, Larson DW, Fortner RJ, Schneider DH, Lindl JD, Patterson RW, Atherton LJ, Moses EI. Assembly of high-areal-density deuterium-tritium fuel from indirectly driven cryogenic implosions. Phys Rev Lett 2012; 108:215005. [PMID: 23003274 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.215005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2011] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The National Ignition Facility has been used to compress deuterium-tritium to an average areal density of ~1.0±0.1 g cm(-2), which is 67% of the ignition requirement. These conditions were obtained using 192 laser beams with total energy of 1-1.6 MJ and peak power up to 420 TW to create a hohlraum drive with a shaped power profile, peaking at a soft x-ray radiation temperature of 275-300 eV. This pulse delivered a series of shocks that compressed a capsule containing cryogenic deuterium-tritium to a radius of 25-35 μm. Neutron images of the implosion were used to estimate a fuel density of 500-800 g cm(-3).
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Mackinnon
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94551, USA
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Glenzer SH, MacGowan BJ, Meezan NB, Adams PA, Alfonso JB, Alger ET, Alherz Z, Alvarez LF, Alvarez SS, Amick PV, Andersson KS, Andrews SD, Antonini GJ, Arnold PA, Atkinson DP, Auyang L, Azevedo SG, Balaoing BNM, Baltz JA, Barbosa F, Bardsley GW, Barker DA, Barnes AI, Baron A, Beeler RG, Beeman BV, Belk LR, Bell JC, Bell PM, Berger RL, Bergonia MA, Bernardez LJ, Berzins LV, Bettenhausen RC, Bezerides L, Bhandarkar SD, Bishop CL, Bond EJ, Bopp DR, Borgman JA, Bower JR, Bowers GA, Bowers MW, Boyle DT, Bradley DK, Bragg JL, Braucht J, Brinkerhoff DL, Browning DF, Brunton GK, Burkhart SC, Burns SR, Burns KE, Burr B, Burrows LM, Butlin RK, Cahayag NJ, Callahan DA, Cardinale PS, Carey RW, Carlson JW, Casey AD, Castro C, Celeste JR, Chakicherla AY, Chambers FW, Chan C, Chandrasekaran H, Chang C, Chapman RF, Charron K, Chen Y, Christensen MJ, Churby AJ, Clancy TJ, Cline BD, Clowdus LC, Cocherell DG, Coffield FE, Cohen SJ, Costa RL, Cox JR, Curnow GM, Dailey MJ, Danforth PM, Darbee R, Datte PS, Davis JA, Deis GA, Demaret RD, Dewald EL, Di Nicola P, Di Nicola JM, Divol L, Dixit S, Dobson DB, Doppner T, Driscoll JD, Dugorepec J, Duncan JJ, Dupuy PC, Dzenitis EG, Eckart MJ, Edson SL, Edwards GJ, Edwards MJ, Edwards OD, Edwards PW, Ellefson JC, Ellerbee CH, Erbert GV, Estes CM, Fabyan WJ, Fallejo RN, Fedorov M, Felker B, Fink JT, Finney MD, Finnie LF, Fischer MJ, Fisher JM, Fishler BT, Florio JW, Forsman A, Foxworthy CB, Franks RM, Frazier T, Frieder G, Fung T, Gawinski GN, Gibson CR, Giraldez E, Glenn SM, Golick BP, Gonzales H, Gonzales SA, Gonzalez MJ, Griffin KL, Grippen J, Gross SM, Gschweng PH, Gururangan G, Gu K, Haan SW, Hahn SR, Haid BJ, Hamblen JE, Hammel BA, Hamza AV, Hardy DL, Hart DR, Hartley RG, Haynam CA, Heestand GM, Hermann MR, Hermes GL, Hey DS, Hibbard RL, Hicks DG, Hinkel DE, Hipple DL, Hitchcock JD, Hodtwalker DL, Holder JP, Hollis JD, Holtmeier GM, Huber SR, Huey AW, Hulsey DN, Hunter SL, Huppler TR, Hutton MS, Izumi N, Jackson JL, Jackson MA, Jancaitis KS, Jedlovec DR, Johnson B, Johnson MC, Johnson T, Johnston MP, Jones OS, Kalantar DH, Kamperschroer JH, Kauffman RL, Keating GA, Kegelmeyer LM, Kenitzer SL, Kimbrough JR, King K, Kirkwood RK, Klingmann JL, Knittel KM, Kohut TR, Koka KG, Kramer SW, Krammen JE, Krauter KG, Krauter GW, Krieger EK, Kroll JJ, La Fortune KN, Lagin LJ, Lakamsani VK, Landen OL, Lane SW, Langdon AB, Langer SH, Lao N, Larson DW, Latray D, Lau GT, Le Pape S, Lechleiter BL, Lee Y, Lee TL, Li J, Liebman JA, Lindl JD, Locke SF, Loey HK, London RA, Lopez FJ, Lord DM, Lowe-Webb RR, Lown JG, Ludwigsen AP, Lum NW, Lyons RR, Ma T, MacKinnon AJ, Magat MD, Maloy DT, Malsbury TN, Markham G, Marquez RM, Marsh AA, Marshall CD, Marshall SR, Maslennikov IL, Mathisen DG, Mauger GJ, Mauvais MY, McBride JA, McCarville T, McCloud JB, McGrew A, McHale B, MacPhee AG, Meeker JF, Merill JS, Mertens EP, Michel PA, Miller MG, Mills T, Milovich JL, Miramontes R, Montesanti RC, Montoya MM, Moody J, Moody JD, Moreno KA, Morris J, Morriston KM, Nelson JR, Neto M, Neumann JD, Ng E, Ngo QM, Olejniczak BL, Olson RE, Orsi NL, Owens MW, Padilla EH, Pannell TM, Parham TG, Patterson RW, Pavel G, Prasad RR, Pendlton D, Penko FA, Pepmeier BL, Petersen DE, Phillips TW, Pigg D, Piston KW, Pletcher KD, Powell CL, Radousky HB, Raimondi BS, Ralph JE, Rampke RL, Reed RK, Reid WA, Rekow VV, Reynolds JL, Rhodes JJ, Richardson MJ, Rinnert RJ, Riordan BP, Rivenes AS, Rivera AT, Roberts CJ, Robinson JA, Robinson RB, Robison SR, Rodriguez OR, Rogers SP, Rosen MD, Ross GF, Runkel M, Runtal AS, Sacks RA, Sailors SF, Salmon JT, Salmonson JD, Saunders RL, Schaffer JR, Schindler TM, Schmitt MJ, Schneider MB, Segraves KS, Shaw MJ, Sheldrick ME, Shelton RT, Shiflett MK, Shiromizu SJ, Shor M, Silva LL, Silva SA, Skulina KM, Smauley DA, Smith BE, Smith LK, Solomon AL, Sommer S, Soto JG, Spafford NI, Speck DE, Springer PT, Stadermann M, Stanley F, Stone TG, Stout EA, Stratton PL, Strausser RJ, Suter LJ, Sweet W, Swisher MF, Tappero JD, Tassano JB, Taylor JS, Tekle EA, Thai C, Thomas CA, Thomas A, Throop AL, Tietbohl GL, Tillman JM, Town RPJ, Townsend SL, Tribbey KL, Trummer D, Truong J, Vaher J, Valadez M, Van Arsdall P, Van Prooyen AJ, Vergel de Dios EO, Vergino MD, Vernon SP, Vickers JL, Villanueva GT, Vitalich MA, Vonhof SA, Wade FE, Wallace RJ, Warren CT, Warrick AL, Watkins J, Weaver S, Wegner PJ, Weingart MA, Wen J, White KS, Whitman PK, Widmann K, Widmayer CC, Wilhelmsen K, Williams EA, Williams WH, Willis L, Wilson EF, Wilson BA, Witte MC, Work K, Yang PS, Young BK, Youngblood KP, Zacharias RA, Zaleski T, Zapata PG, Zhang H, Zielinski JS, Kline JL, Kyrala GA, Niemann C, Kilkenny JD, Nikroo A, Van Wonterghem BM, Atherton LJ, Moses EI. Demonstration of ignition radiation temperatures in indirect-drive inertial confinement fusion hohlraums. Phys Rev Lett 2011; 106:085004. [PMID: 21405580 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.106.085004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the hohlraum radiation temperature and symmetry required for ignition-scale inertial confinement fusion capsule implosions. Cryogenic gas-filled hohlraums with 2.2 mm-diameter capsules are heated with unprecedented laser energies of 1.2 MJ delivered by 192 ultraviolet laser beams on the National Ignition Facility. Laser backscatter measurements show that these hohlraums absorb 87% to 91% of the incident laser power resulting in peak radiation temperatures of T(RAD)=300 eV and a symmetric implosion to a 100 μm diameter hot core.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Glenzer
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
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Eder DC, Whitman PK, Koniges AE, Anderson RW, Wang P, Gunney BT, Parham TG, Koerner JG, Dixit SN, Suratwala TI, Blue BE, Hansen JF, Tobin MT, Robey HF, Spaeth ML, MacGowan BJ. Optimization of experimental designs by incorporating NIF facility impacts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1051/jp4:2006133146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Dewald EL, Suter LJ, Landen OL, Holder JP, Schein J, Lee FD, Campbell KM, Weber FA, Pellinen DG, Schneider MB, Celeste JR, McDonald JW, Foster JM, Niemann C, Mackinnon AJ, Glenzer SH, Young BK, Haynam CA, Shaw MJ, Turner RE, Froula D, Kauffman RL, Thomas BR, Atherton LJ, Bonanno RE, Dixit SN, Eder DC, Holtmeier G, Kalantar DH, Koniges AE, Macgowan BJ, Manes KR, Munro DH, Murray JR, Parham TG, Piston K, Van Wonterghem BM, Wallace RJ, Wegner PJ, Whitman PK, Hammel BA, Moses EI. Radiation-driven hydrodynamics of high- hohlraums on the national ignition facility. Phys Rev Lett 2005; 95:215004. [PMID: 16384150 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.95.215004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2005] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The first hohlraum experiments on the National Ignition Facility (NIF) using the initial four laser beams tested radiation temperature limits imposed by plasma filling. For a variety of hohlraum sizes and pulse lengths, the measured x-ray flux shows signatures of filling that coincide with hard x-ray emission from plasma streaming out of the hohlraum. These observations agree with hydrodynamic simulations and with an analytical model that includes hydrodynamic and coronal radiative losses. The modeling predicts radiation temperature limits with full NIF (1.8 MJ), greater, and of longer duration than required for ignition hohlraums.
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Affiliation(s)
- E L Dewald
- LLNL, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94550, USA
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