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Wang S, Li C, Wang J, Wu Z, Bai B, Tian J, Wu Z. Degradation of malathion and carbosulfan by ozone water and analysis of their by-products. J Sci Food Agric 2022; 102:7072-7078. [PMID: 35690892 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatment by ozone water is an emerging technology for the degradation of pesticide residues in vegetables. The ozone dissolved in water generates hydroxyl radicals (· OH), which are highly effective in decomposing organic substances, such as malathion and carbosulfan. RESULTS We found that washing pak choi with 2.0 mg L-1 ozone water for 30 min resulted in 58.3% and 38.2% degradation of the malathion and carbosulfan contents respectively, and the degradation rates of these pure pesticides were 83.0% and 66.3% respectively. In addition, the 'first + first'-order reaction kinetic model was found to predict the trend in the pesticide content during ozone water treatment. Based on investigations by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry combined with the structures of the pesticides, the by-products generated were identified. More specifically, the ozonation-based degradation of carbosulfan generated carbofuran and benzofuranol, whereas malathion produced succinic acid and phosphoric acid. Although some new harmful compounds were formed during degradation of the parent pesticides, these were only present in trace quantities and were transient intermediates that eventually disappeared during the reaction. CONCLUSION Our results, therefore, indicate that ozone water treatment technology for pesticide residue degradation is worthy of popularization and application. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Wang
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chen Li
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jiayi Wang
- College of Food and Chemical Engineering, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang, China
| | - Zhaohui Wu
- lnstitute of Food Processing, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Bing Bai
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jinlong Tian
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhaoxia Wu
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
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2
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Wang G, Li J, Xue N, Abdulkreem Al-Huqail A, Majdi HS, Darvishmoghaddam E, Assilzadeh H, Khadimallah MA, Ali HE. Risk assessment of organophosphorus pesticide residues in drinking water resources: Statistical and Monte-Carlo approach. Chemosphere 2022; 307:135632. [PMID: 35835248 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A large part of the world's agricultural production, despite its adverse effects on human health and water resources, depends on the use of pesticides. Despite strict regulations, the use of pesticides continues around the world. This study aimed to determine the residual concentrations of malathion and diazinon in samples of drinking water resources. To achieve this goal, 384 samples from 8 various sites from January to December 2020 were analyzed using gas chromatography (GC) with an electron capture detector (ECD) and liquid-liquid extraction technique. Besides, statistical analysis and a risk-modeling approach supported by an automatic Monte-Carlo procedure were applied. The results showed that there is a high carcinogenic risk regarding malathion and that the low age population is at the most non-carcinogenic risk regarding diazinon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wang
- Hebei Agricultural University, BaoDing Hebei, 071000, China.
| | - Jing Li
- Hebei Agricultural University, BaoDing Hebei, 071000, China
| | - Ning Xue
- Hebei Agricultural University, BaoDing Hebei, 071000, China
| | - Arwa Abdulkreem Al-Huqail
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O.Box 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Hasan Sh Majdi
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, 51001, Iraq
| | | | - Hamid Assilzadeh
- Department of Biomaterials, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, 600 077, India
| | - Mohamed Amine Khadimallah
- Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, College of Engineering, Civil Engineering Department, Al-Kharj, 16273, Saudi Arabia; Laboratory of Systems and Applied Mechanics, Polytechnic School of Tunisia, University of Carthage, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - H Elhosiny Ali
- Advanced Functional Materials & Optoelectronic Laboratory (AFMOL), Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha, Saudi Arabia; Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, Abha 61413, P.O. Box 9004, Saudi Arabia; Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, 44519, Zagazig, Egypt
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3
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Jocić A, Breitenbach S, Pašti IA, Unterweger C, Fürst C, Lazarević-Pašti T. Viscose-derived activated carbons as adsorbents for malathion, dimethoate, and chlorpyrifos-screening, trends, and analysis. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:35138-35149. [PMID: 35044608 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-18721-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The release and accumulation of pesticides in the environment require the development of novel sustainable technologies for their removal. While adsorption is a classical approach, the design of new materials with enhanced adsorption properties could rationalize the remediation routes and decrease potential risks for their non-target organisms, including humans. More importantly, the use of adsorbents and their synthesis should be implemented in a sustainable and environmentally friendly manner. In this contribution, we studied the adsorption of organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) dimethoate, malathion, and chlorpyrifos on viscose fiber-derived activated carbon fibers (ACFs). The most efficient adsorption was found for chlorpyrifos, followed by malathion and dimethoate, while material properties were correlated with OP uptake. These ACFs are extremely efficient for chlorpyrifos adsorption, with experimentally observed adsorption capacitances reaching 240 mg g-1. Detailed analysis suggests that chlorpyrifos is physisorbed on ACF surfaces and that increased surface hydrophilicity reduces the uptake. Studied ACFs have great potential for practical application. They can reduce OPs' concentrations to such levels that no acute neurotoxic effects of the studied OPs in spiked tap water samples are seen, even for starting concentrations up to 104 times higher than the allowed ones. Finally, this study presents possible guidance for developing even more efficient and environmentally friendly adsorbents for chlorpyrifos, the most toxic among studied OPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Jocić
- University of Belgrade, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, Mike Petrovica Alasa 12-14, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Stefan Breitenbach
- Wood K plus -KompetenzzentrumHolz GmbH, Altenberger Strasse 69, 4040, Linz, Austria
- Institute of Chemical Technology of Inorganic Materials (TIM), Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Strasse 69, 4040, Linz, Austria
| | - Igor A Pašti
- Faculty of Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, 11158, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Christoph Unterweger
- Wood K plus -KompetenzzentrumHolz GmbH, Altenberger Strasse 69, 4040, Linz, Austria
| | - Christian Fürst
- Wood K plus -KompetenzzentrumHolz GmbH, Altenberger Strasse 69, 4040, Linz, Austria
| | - Tamara Lazarević-Pašti
- University of Belgrade, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, Mike Petrovica Alasa 12-14, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia.
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4
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Yaman YT, Bolat G, Abaci S, Saygin TB. Peptide nanotube functionalized molecularly imprinted polydopamine based single-use sensor for impedimetric detection of malathion. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 414:1115-1128. [PMID: 34738221 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03737-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, a peptide nanotube functionalized polydopamine (p-Dop) based molecularly imprinted (MIP) sensor system was constructed, characterized, and studied for the impedimetric sensing of an organophosphorus pesticide, malathion (MLT). Electropolymerization in the presence of a template (MLT) was utilized as a convenient and effective strategy to generate imprinted p-Dop films on peptide nanotubes (PNTs) modified graphite electrodes (PGEs). Upon the removal of template, the adsorption of MLT on the specific cavities formed in the MIP film was tracked using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). To attain optimal sensor response, experimental conditions, such as film thickness, analyte/functional monomer ratio, and desorption/adsorption time, were analyzed. The obtained MIP(p-Dop)-PNT-PGE sensor exhibited high sensitivity for electrochemical MLT analysis with a wide dynamic detection range of 13 pg mL-1 - 1.3 µg mL-1 and a LOD of 1.39 pg mL-1. The combination of a bio-inspired p-Dop-based MIP with the EIS technique allowed excellent sensitivity and selectivity toward MLT sensing which also yielded high recoveries in real samples. The success of this research strategy in real samples revealed its potential for various future environmental applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yesim Tugce Yaman
- Advanced Technologies Application and Research Center, Hacettepe University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
- Analytical Chemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
| | - Gulcin Bolat
- Analytical Chemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
| | - Serdar Abaci
- Analytical Chemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey.
| | - Turkan Busra Saygin
- Analytical Chemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
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Prodhan MDH, Afroze M, Begum A, Sarker D. Determination of organophosphorus and synthetic pyrethroid pesticide residues and their variability in large size fruit crops. J Sci Food Agric 2021; 101:4847-4854. [PMID: 33550635 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Variability of pesticide residues in food item plays a key role for the evaluation of consumer food safety. However, variability factors (VFs) derived from the large size fruit crops are still scarce. Therefore, the present work was aimed to quantify pesticide residues and to estimate VFs in large size fruit crops of mango and guava. RESULTS A total of 140 mango and 130 guava samples from different marketplaces in Bangladesh were collected to estimate the variability of pesticide residues (acephate, diazinon, malathion, fenitrothion, chlorpyrifos, quinalphos, dimethoate and cypermethrin) by in-house validated methods based on modified QuEChERS extraction and gas chromatography coupled with electron capture detector (ECD) and flame thermionic detector (FTD). The method was validated at three fortification levels (0.01, 0.10 and 0.30 mg kg-1 ) and satisfactory recoveries (80-111%) with relative standard deviation (RSDr ) ≤ 13% were achieved. A wide variation of residues was found in the analyzed samples. In the case of mango, the ranges of residues were 0.011-0.314, 0.015-0.04, and 0.05-0.291 mg kg-1 , respectively, for cypermethrin, chlorpyrifos, and dimethoate, while in the case of guava, the ranges were 0.04-0.113, and 0.03-0.290 mg kg-1 , respectively, for cypermethrin and acephate. The average VF for mango was 4.06 and it was 5.70 for guava. CONCLUSION VFs originating from the marketed samples of mango and guava are reported in this study for the first time. The estimated VFs were higher than the default value of 3, therefore, the default VFs should be reconsidered when more data are obtained regarding large size crops. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Dalower Hossain Prodhan
- Pesticide Analytical Laboratory, Pesticide Research and Environmental Toxicology Section, Entomology Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - Marina Afroze
- Pesticide Analytical Laboratory, Pesticide Research and Environmental Toxicology Section, Entomology Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - Afroza Begum
- Pesticide Analytical Laboratory, Pesticide Research and Environmental Toxicology Section, Entomology Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - Debasish Sarker
- Pesticide Analytical Laboratory, Pesticide Research and Environmental Toxicology Section, Entomology Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur, Bangladesh
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6
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Guberman VerPloeg SL, Clark AE, Yoon S, Hildebrandt Ruiz L, Sheesley RJ, Usenko S. Assessing the atmospheric fate of pesticides used to control mosquito populations in Houston, TX. Chemosphere 2021; 275:129951. [PMID: 33662722 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
During the summer months, urban areas are literal hot spots of mosquito-borne disease transmission and air pollution. Public health authorities release aerosolized pesticides directly into the atmosphere to help control adult mosquito populations and thereby reduce the threat of diseases, such as Zika Virus. The primary adulticides (i.e. pesticides used to control adult mosquito populations) in Houston, TX are permethrin and malathion. These adulticides are typically sprayed at night using ultra-low volume sprayers. Particulate matter (PM) samples including total suspended and fine PM (PM < 2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter) were collected at four ground-based sites across Houston in 2013 and include daytime, nighttime, and 24 h samples. Malathion is initially sprayed as coarse aerosol (5-25 μm), but is measured in fine aerosol (<2.5 μm) and coarse aerosol in the urban atmosphere. Particle size is relevant both for deposition velocities and for human exposure. Atmospheric permethrin concentrations measured in nighttime samples peak at 60 ng m-3, while malathion nighttime concentrations peak near 40 ng m-3. Malaoxon, an oxidation product of malathion, was also frequently detected at concentrations >10 ng m-3, indicating significant nighttime oxidation. Based on the loss of malathion and the increase in malaoxon, the atmospheric half-life of malathion in Houston was estimated at <12 h, which was significantly shorter than previous half-life estimates (∼days). Importantly, malaoxon is estimated to be 22-33 times more toxic to humans than malathion. Both the aerosol size and the half-life are critical for mosquito control, human exposure, and risk assessment of these routine pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adelaide E Clark
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, TX, 76798, USA
| | - Subin Yoon
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97266, Waco, TX, 76798, USA
| | - Lea Hildebrandt Ruiz
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Rebecca J Sheesley
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97266, Waco, TX, 76798, USA
| | - Sascha Usenko
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97266, Waco, TX, 76798, USA; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, TX, 76798, USA.
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7
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Poomagal S, Sujatha R, Kumar PS, Vo DVN. A fuzzy cognitive map approach to predict the hazardous effects of malathion to environment (air, water and soil). Chemosphere 2021; 263:127926. [PMID: 32822932 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Malathion is an organophosphorus insecticide and pesticide commonly used in crops and residential applications. The negative effects of Malathion on human health and ecosystems are of great concern. In this work, a mathematical model pivot on Fuzzy Cognitive Map (FCM) is used to analyse the causes and hazardous effects of Malathion to the environmental components (air, water and soil). Based on expert's opinion the possible factors that cause damage to health and ecosystems due to Malathion is identified, which serve as the input to the FCM. The FCM mathematically establishes the causal relation between these factors. The mathematical simulation is done by Python Programming. This approach can be used to study the interdependencies between the adverse effects of any pesticide in human health and environment due to prolonged exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Poomagal
- Department of Mathematics, Anna University Chennai: University College of Engineering Kanchipuram, Kanchipuram, India.
| | - R Sujatha
- Department of Mathematics, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai, India; SSN-Centre for Radiation, Environmental Science and Technology (SSN-CREST), Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai, 603110, India.
| | - P Senthil Kumar
- SSN-Centre for Radiation, Environmental Science and Technology (SSN-CREST), Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai, 603110, India; Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai, India.
| | - Dai-Viet N Vo
- Center of Excellence for Green Energy and Environmental Nanomaterials (CE@GrEEN), Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.
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Zhao H, Bojko B, Liu F, Pawliszyn J, Peng W, Wang X. Mechanism of interactions between organophosphorus insecticides and human serum albumin: Solid-phase microextraction, thermodynamics and computational approach. Chemosphere 2020; 253:126698. [PMID: 32302901 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphates insecticides (OPs) are one of the major environmental pollutants and their interaction with human serum albumin (HSA) has been shown to have significant effects on their bioavailability which is related to toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics in human body. In this research, solid-phase microextraction methods were developed to analyse the free concentrations of three OPs (chlorpyrifos, parathion-methyl and malathion) in buffered HSA solution and that provide a useful method for the determination of binding affinity constants (Ka), binding forces and binding location. Polydimethylsiloxane fibers were selected for analysing the free concentrations of OPs, with an external calibration approach. Good linearities conducted in PBS solution were observed in the range of 0.0025-1.7 μmol L-1 (R2 = 0.9975) for chlorpyrifos, 1.0-27 μmol L-1 (R2 = 0.9974) for parathion-methyl, and 0.5-70 μmol L-1 (R2 = 0.9973)for malathion, respectively. The LODs for instrument response were 1 ng, 5 ng and 10 ng for chlorpyrifos, parathion-methyl and malathion, respectively. The Ka values for chlorpyrifos, parathion-methyl and malathion showed that they were positively correlated with hydrophobicity and negatively correlated with temperature. The OP binding sites on HSA were confirmed by site marker competition test and further proven by computational approaches. The recognition region of parathion-methyl was situated within residues 199-292 in subdomain IIA. Malathion bonded to residues 404-558 in subdomain IIIA. The mode of action between HSA-parathion-methyl and HSA-malathion is found to involve mainly by H-bonds, π-π stacking and hydrophobic effects. These results clearly demonstrate the noncovalent binding of OPs with HSA and provide new insight into solid-phase microextraction, thermodynamics and computational approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyu Zhao
- Institute of Quality and Standards for Agricultural Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Barbara Bojko
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Molecular Pharmacology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Fengmao Liu
- Department of Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Janusz Pawliszyn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada.
| | - Wei Peng
- Department of Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xinquan Wang
- Institute of Quality and Standards for Agricultural Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
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Abstract
In this study, new polymers containing amides (TrisPS-Ntaa, and TrisPS-Ntaa-Fc) were synthesized by condensation reaction for qualitative identification of insecticides. The synthesized polymers, including amides were investigated by infrared spectroscopy (IR), scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersion X- ray spectrometry (SEM-EDX), and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). Then, acetylcholinesterase enzyme (AChE) was covalently immobilized on these polymers to improve properties (including activity, reusability, and storage stability). Accordingly, organophosphate (malathion, acephate, chlorpyrifos methyl) and carbamate (carbofuran, methiocarb, methomyl), which are used to prevent harmful organisms in some agricultural products were enzymatically determined based on their inhibitory activity on AChE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilek Nartop
- Faculty of Technology, Department of Polymer Engineering, Düzce University, Düzce, Turkey
| | | | - Nurdan Kurnaz Yetim
- Faculty of Science and Arts, Department of Chemistry, Kırklareli University, Kırklareli, Turkey
| | - Nurşen Sarı
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
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Tang J, Li J, Xiong P, Sun Y, Zeng Z, Tian X, Tang D. Rolling circle amplification promoted magneto-controlled photoelectrochemical biosensor for organophosphorus pesticides based on dissolution of core-shell MnO 2 nanoflower@CdS mediated by butyrylcholinesterase. Mikrochim Acta 2020; 187:450. [PMID: 32676787 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-020-04434-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A photoelectrochemical (PEC) aptasensing platform is devised for sensitive detection of an organophosphorus pesticide based on dissolution of core-shell MnO2 nanoflower@CdS (MnO2 NF@CdS) by thiocholine (TCh). TCH is produced from the butyrylcholinesterase-acetylthiocholine system, accompanied by target-triggered rolling circle amplification (RCA). The core-shell MnO2 NF@CdS with excellent PEC performance was synthesized and employed as a photo-sensing platform. The target was detected on a functionalized magnetic probe with the corresponding aptamer. Upon malathion introduction, the aptamer was detached from the magnetic beads, while capture DNA (cDNA, with primer fragment) remained on the beads. The primer fragment in cDNA can trigger the RCA reaction to form a long single-stranded DNA (ssDNA). Furthermore, a large number of butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) were assembled on the long ssDNA strands through the hybridization with the S2-Au-BChE probe. Thereafter, TCh generated from hydrolysis of ATCh by BChE can reduce MnO2 NF (core) to Mn2+ and release the CdS nanoparticles (shell) from the platform electrode, significantly enhancing the PEC signal. Under optimal conditions, the proposed aptasensor exhibited high sensitivity for malathion with a low detection limit of 0.68 pg mL-1. Meanwhile, it also presents outstanding specificity, reproducibility, and stability. Importantly, the sensing platform provides a new concept for detection of pesticide. Graphical abstract Herein, this work devised a photoelectrochemical (PEC) aptasensing platform for sensitive detection of organophosphorus pesticide based on dissolution of core-shell MnO2 nanoflower@CdS (MnO2 NF@CdS) by the as-produced thiocholine (TCh) from the butyrylcholinesterase-acetylthiocholine system, accompanying with the target-triggered rolling circle amplification (RCA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Tang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecule, Department of Chemistry and chemical engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jingjing Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecule, Department of Chemistry and chemical engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengyuan Xiong
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecule, Department of Chemistry and chemical engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanfang Sun
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecule, Department of Chemistry and chemical engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyao Zeng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecule, Department of Chemistry and chemical engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaochun Tian
- Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, People's Republic of China
| | - Dianping Tang
- Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety (Ministry of Education of China and Fujian Province), Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, People's Republic of China
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11
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Mokhtari N, Torbati M, Farajzadeh MA, Afshar Mogaddam MR. Synthesis and characterization of phosphocholine chloride-based three-component deep eutectic solvent: application in dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction for determination of organothiophosphate pesticides. J Sci Food Agric 2020; 100:2364-2371. [PMID: 31853973 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A new type of deep eutectic solvent based on three components using phosphate salts has been synthesized, characterized, and applied in the extraction of eight organothiophosphate pesticides from honey samples. In this study, the deep eutectic solvent was prepared from phosphocholine choline chloride as a hydrogen bond acceptor and dichloroacetic acid and decanoic acid as hydrogen bond donors. The method consisted of two steps in which initially the analytes were extracted from the samples into a water-miscible organic solvent. In the second step, the extracted phase was mixed with the prepared deep eutectic solvent and the mixture was used in the following dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction method. RESULTS The method was validated under optimal conditions, and it was found that it has low limits of detection (0.05-0.10 ng g-1 ) and quantification (0.19-0.36 ng g-1 ), good linearity (r2 ≥ 0.994), broad linearity (0.36-1000 ng g-1 ), and satisfactory repeatability (relative standard deviation ≤10% for intra- (n = 6) and inter-day (n = 4) precisions at a concentration of 2 ng g-1 of each analyte). CONCLUSION The proposed method was applied in different honey samples, and malathion was found at a concentration of 29 ng g-1 in one sample. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasser Mokhtari
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammadali Torbati
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mir Ali Farajzadeh
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
- Engineering Faculty, Near East University, Mersin, Turkey
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Jiang M, Chen C, He J, Zhang H, Xu Z. Fluorescence assay for three organophosphorus pesticides in agricultural products based on Magnetic-Assisted fluorescence labeling aptamer probe. Food Chem 2020; 307:125534. [PMID: 31644980 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
There has been increasing recent concern about the agricultural use of organophosphorus pesticides. A rapid and sensitive fluorescence assay for the detection of three organophosphorus pesticides has therefore been developed using 6-carboxy-fluorescein labeling aptamer as the probe and functionalized magnetic nanoparticles as the separation carrier. The aptamer hybridized with complementary DNA conjugated on the surface of the magnetic nanoparticles to form a magnetic aptamer-complementary DNA complex. Upon introducing the target organophosphorus pesticide, the aptamer departed from the complementary DNA, resulting in the fluorescence signal. Under optimized conditions, the limits of detection (LODs, S/N = 3) for trichlorfon, glyphosate, and malathion were 72.20 ng L-1, 88.80 ng L-1, and 195.37 ng L-1, respectively. The method was applied for the detection of trichlorfon, glyphosate, and malathion in spiked lettuce and carrot samples. The recoveries were in the range of 79.4%-118.7%, which were in good agreement with those obtained by gas chromatography, and the relative standard deviations were also acceptable. The method therefore has high sensitivity, so provides a means for the detection of multiple organophosphorus pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingdi Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control in Shandong Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control in Shandong Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Jingbo He
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control in Shandong Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Hongyan Zhang
- College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Zhixiang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control in Shandong Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China.
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13
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Wang RH, Zhu CL, Wang LL, Xu LZ, Wang WL, Yang C, Zhang Y. Dual-modal aptasensor for the detection of isocarbophos in vegetables. Talanta 2019; 205:120094. [PMID: 31450466 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.06.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
An aptamer-based colorimetric-phosphorescent assay was developed for the detection of isocarbophos. The colorimetric assay relied on the aggregation of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) caused by the competitive binding of aptamer between isocarbophos and AuNPs in the presence of a high salt concentration. The further addition of persistent luminescence nanorods (PLNRs) into the system showed the phosphorescence sensitively proportional to the concentration of isocarbophos, due to the inner filter effect between PLNRs and AuNPs. The assay showed good linearity within 50-500 μg/L and 5-160 μg/L, and limit of detection of 7.1 μg/L and 0.54 μg/L in colorimetry and phosphorescence mode, respectively. The feasibility of this approach for food analysis was demonstrated with the sensitive and selective determination of isocarbophos residues in vegetables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Hua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Institute of Analytical Food Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Cheng-Long Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Institute of Analytical Food Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Ling-Ling Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Institute of Analytical Food Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Li-Zhi Xu
- Institute of Analytical Food Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Wen-Long Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Institute of Analytical Food Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Cheng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Institute of Analytical Food Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Institute of Analytical Food Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
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14
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Ding TT, Zhang YH, Zhu Y, Du SL, Zhang J, Cao Y, Wang YZ, Wang GT, He LS. Deriving water quality criteria for China for the organophosphorus pesticides dichlorvos and malathion. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019; 26:34622-34632. [PMID: 31654308 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06546-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphorus pesticides are effective, cheap, and used extensively but can harm aquatic organism and human health. Here, water quality criteria (WQCs) for dichlorvos (DDVP) and malathion (MAL) were derived. Nine aquatic organisms native to China were used in toxicity tests. Published toxicity data for aquatic organisms native and non-native to China were also analyzed. DDVP and MAL WQCs were derived using (log-normal model) species sensitivity distributions. Species sensitivity distribution curves indicated native and non-native species have different sensitivities to DDVP. The sensitivities of native and non-native species to MAL were not different because non-native species data for fewer than eight genera were available, so further research is required. The results indicated that native species need to be considered when deriving WQCs. The criteria maximum concentration (CMC) and criteria continuous concentration (CCC) were 1.33 and 0.132 μg/L, respectively, for DDVP, and 0.100 and 0.008 μg/L, respectively, for MAL. The CMCs for DDVP and MAL derived using ETX 2.0 software and species sensitivity ranks were different from the CMCs obtained using the SSD method because of parameter uncertainties. The DDVP and MAL WQCs were significantly lower than Chinese surface water quality standard thresholds. The results provide basic data for revising these thresholds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ting Ding
- Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Waste Water Resource of Anhui Province, College of Environment and Energy Engineering, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei, 230601, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Environmental Analysis and Testing Laboratory of CRAES, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Ya-Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Environmental Analysis and Testing Laboratory of CRAES, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
| | - Yan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Environmental Analysis and Testing Laboratory of CRAES, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Shi-Lin Du
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Waste Water Resource of Anhui Province, College of Environment and Energy Engineering, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei, 230601, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Ying Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Environmental Analysis and Testing Laboratory of CRAES, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Yi-Zhe Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Environmental Analysis and Testing Laboratory of CRAES, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Gong-Ting Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Environmental Analysis and Testing Laboratory of CRAES, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
- College of Civil and Architectural Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063210, Hebei, China
| | - Lian-Sheng He
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Environmental Analysis and Testing Laboratory of CRAES, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
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Tong D, Zhuang J, Lee J, Buchanan J, Chen X. Concurrent transport and removal of nitrate, phosphate and pesticides in low-cost metal- and carbon-based materials. Chemosphere 2019; 230:84-91. [PMID: 31102875 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.05.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Low-cost magnesium- and/or carbon-based materials have a great potential to remove soluble contaminants from surface and ground water. This study examined mechanisms that control the removal of nitrate, phosphate and pesticides (tricyclazole, malathion and isoprothiolane) during their transport through calcined magnesia (MgO) and corn stalk biochar. Various miscible column breakthrough experiments were carried out and morphology and crystallographic structures of reactive materials were examined. Approximately 96% (78,950 mg-NO3-/kg) and 48% (27,455 mg-NO3-/kg) of nitrate were removed from biochar and MgO columns, respectively. Chemical adsorption dominated nitrate removal during early phase (i.e., <11 PVs for biochar and <100 PVs for MgO, respectively), and microbial denitrification dominated during the following phase. 92% of the applied phosphate (6168 mg-PO43-/kg) was removed in MgO column, while much less in biochar column (4%, 347 mg-PO43-/kg). Mineral surface analyses confirmed that electrostatic attraction, ligand exchange, and chemical precipitation were responsible for phosphate removal. For the three pesticides, biochar exhibited larger removal capacity (1260-2778 mg/kg) than MgO (28-2193 mg/kg) due to the functional groups on biochar. The removal of pesticides based on their physico-chemical properties. Malathion had highest removal rate (98-100%), attributing to chemical sorption and bio-degradation, followed by isoprothiolane (47-79%) and tricyclazole (6-64%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongli Tong
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Jie Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, China; Department of Biosystems Engineering and Soil Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA; Center for Environmental Biotechnology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Jaehoon Lee
- Department of Biosystems Engineering and Soil Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - John Buchanan
- Department of Biosystems Engineering and Soil Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Xijuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, China.
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16
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Di S, Cang T, Qi P, Wang X, Xu M, Wang Z, Xu H, Wang Q, Wang X. A systemic study of enantioselectivity of isocarbophos in rice cultivation: Enantioselective bioactivity, toxicity, and environmental fate. J Hazard Mater 2019; 375:305-311. [PMID: 31082719 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The enantioselective bioactivity and acute toxicity to target and non-target model species, and environmental fate of isocarbophos (ICP) in rice cultivation were investigated systematically. Bioactivity and toxicity of S-(+)-ICP was significantly greater than R-(-)-ICP, and the difference was 2.9-101 times. Based on the toxic unit analysis, the toxic interaction of ICP enantiomers for target pests was synergistic effect, while for non-target fish was concentration addition or antagonistic effect. Rac-ICP displayed equivalent bioactivity to S-(+)-ICP under the equal dosage, but the toxicity of rac-ICP to the tested fishes reduced at least 2 times. Rac-ICP is more suitable than optically pure S-(+)-ICP for rice cultivation based on the toxicity and bioactivity results. In environmental behavior experiments, the main metabolite of ICP, isocarbophos oxon (ICPO) was detected in rice plants, water, rice and rice hull samples. S-(+)-ICP and S-(+)-ICPO were more persistent than the R-form in these matrices. The comprehensive data of ICP enantiomers in rice cultivation will improve environmental and ecological risk assessment, and using racemate may be more safe and reasonable in rice cultivation system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Di
- Institute of Quality and Standard of Agro-Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China; Agricultural Ministry Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Hangzhou, 310021, China; Key Laboratory of Detection for Pesticide Residues and Control of Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Tao Cang
- Institute of Quality and Standard of Agro-Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China; Agricultural Ministry Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Hangzhou, 310021, China; Key Laboratory of Detection for Pesticide Residues and Control of Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Peipei Qi
- Institute of Quality and Standard of Agro-Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China; Agricultural Ministry Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Hangzhou, 310021, China; Key Laboratory of Detection for Pesticide Residues and Control of Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310021, China; State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejing Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Xiangyun Wang
- Institute of Quality and Standard of Agro-Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China; Agricultural Ministry Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Hangzhou, 310021, China; Key Laboratory of Detection for Pesticide Residues and Control of Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Mingfei Xu
- Institute of Quality and Standard of Agro-Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China; Agricultural Ministry Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Hangzhou, 310021, China; Key Laboratory of Detection for Pesticide Residues and Control of Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- Institute of Quality and Standard of Agro-Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China; Agricultural Ministry Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Hangzhou, 310021, China; Key Laboratory of Detection for Pesticide Residues and Control of Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Institute of Quality and Standard of Agro-Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China; Agricultural Ministry Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Hangzhou, 310021, China; Key Laboratory of Detection for Pesticide Residues and Control of Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Institute of Quality and Standard of Agro-Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China; Agricultural Ministry Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Hangzhou, 310021, China; Key Laboratory of Detection for Pesticide Residues and Control of Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310021, China; State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejing Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Xinquan Wang
- Institute of Quality and Standard of Agro-Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China; Agricultural Ministry Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Hangzhou, 310021, China; Key Laboratory of Detection for Pesticide Residues and Control of Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310021, China; State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejing Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Hangzhou, 310021, China.
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17
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Huang Y, Yang J, Cheng J, Zhang Y, Yuan H. A novel spectral method for determination of trace malathion using EryB as light scattering probe by resonance Rayleigh scattering technique. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2019; 213:104-110. [PMID: 30684878 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A convenient and sensitive spectrophotometric methods was proposed for determination of Malathion (Mala) using Erythrosin B (EryB) as a probe through the Resonance Rayleigh scattering (RRS) technique. The interaction between EryB, Pd2+and malathion in the system was investigated by fluorescence, RRS and UV-Vis spectroscopy. Under the optimum conditions, the RRS intensity of EryB, Pd2+ and malathion was weak when exist in alone or any two kinds, however, the RRS intensity of the EryB-Pd2+-Mala system had an obvious enhancement due to Pd2+ could interact with the hydrolysis products of Mala and EryB each other form a new complexes. At the same time, the fluorescence intensity of EryB was decreased significantly in the presence of Pd2+, and the fluorescence intensity of EryB-Pd2+ system further decreased when Mala added, interestingly. So it was further proved that there was a forming complex in EryB-Pd2+-Mala system. Under the optimal conditions, the RRS enhanced intensity of the system was linearly proportional to the Mala's concentration in the range of 0.012-0.8 μg/mL, and the LOD was 1.7 ng/mL, with the correlation coefficient was R2 = 0.9960. So, a new method for determination of Mala was established and this method has been demonstrated in real sample with satisfactory results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunmei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Water Environment Evolution and Pollution Control in Three Gorges Reservoir, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Wanzhou, Chongqing 404100, PR China
| | - Jidong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Water Environment Evolution and Pollution Control in Three Gorges Reservoir, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Wanzhou, Chongqing 404100, PR China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China.
| | - Jiawei Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Water Environment Evolution and Pollution Control in Three Gorges Reservoir, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Wanzhou, Chongqing 404100, PR China
| | - Yuhui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Water Environment Evolution and Pollution Control in Three Gorges Reservoir, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Wanzhou, Chongqing 404100, PR China
| | - Haiyan Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Water Environment Evolution and Pollution Control in Three Gorges Reservoir, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Wanzhou, Chongqing 404100, PR China
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18
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Al'Abri AM, Abdul Halim SN, Abu Bakar NK, Saharin SM, Sherino B, Rashidi Nodeh H, Mohamad S. Highly sensitive and selective determination of malathion in vegetable extracts by an electrochemical sensor based on Cu-metal organic framework. J Environ Sci Health B 2019; 54:930-941. [PMID: 31407615 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2019.1652072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
This article demonstrates the first application of a copper-based porous coordination polymer (BTCA-P-Cu-CP) as a carbon paste electrode (CPE) modifier for the detection of malathion. The electrochemical behavior of BTCA-P-Cu-CP/CPE was explored using cyclic voltammetry (CV) while chrono-amperometry methods were applied for the analytical evaluation of the sensor performance. Under optimized conditions, the developed sensor exhibited high reproducibility, stability, and wide dynamic range (0.6-24 nM) with the limits of detection and sensitivity equal to 0.17 nM and 5.7 µAnMcm-1, respectively, based on inhibition signal measurement. Furthermore, the presence of common coexisting interfering species showed a minor change in signals (<4.4%). The developed sensor has been applied in the determination of malathion in spiked vegetable extracts. It exhibited promising results in term of fast and sensitive determination of malathion in real samples at trace level with recoveries of 91.0 to 104.4%. (RSDs < 5%, n = 3). A comparison of the two studied techniques showed that the HPLC technique is unable to detect malathion when the concentration is lower than 1.8 µM while 0.006 µM is detected with appropriate RSDs 0.2-5.2% (n = 3) by amperometric method. Due to the high sensitivity and selectivity, this new electrochemical sensor will be useful for monitoring trace malathion in real samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisha Mohammed Al'Abri
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Ministry of Education, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
| | | | - Nor Kartini Abu Bakar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Siti Munirah Saharin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Bibi Sherino
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Chemistry, Sardar Bahadur Khan Women University, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - Hamid Rashidi Nodeh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sharifah Mohamad
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Centre for Ionic Liquids (UMCiL), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Martínez-Aguilar K, Pérez-Legaspi IA, Ramírez-Fuentes E, Trujillo-Tapia MN, Alfredo Ortega-Clemente L. Growth, photosynthesis and removal responses of the cyanobacteria Chroococcus sp. to malathion and malaoxon. J Environ Sci Health B 2018; 53:771-776. [PMID: 30199345 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2018.1505070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Malathion is an organophosphorus pesticide widely used in agricultural crops, despite its toxicity. In addition, malaoxon occurs by oxidation of malathion being more toxic. The toxic effects of malathion and malaoxon in humans include hepatoxicity, breast cancer, genetic damage and endocrine disruption. The aim of this study involved assessing the effect of malathion commercial grade on Chroococcus sp., and its potential as an alternative to the removal of this pesticide and its transformation product such as malaoxon. We evaluated the effect of malathion at different concentrations (1, 25, 50, 75 and 100 ppm) on the biomass of the cyanobacteria Chroococcus sp. grown in medium BG-11; also, we analyse its ability to degrade both malathion and malaoxon into a temperature of 28 ± 2 °C and at pH 6. The results showed that 50 ppm of malathion the cyanobacteria Chroococcus sp. reached the highest removal efficiency of malathion and malaoxon (69 and 65%, respectively); also, the growth rate of Chroococcus sp. increased without inhibiting the production of chlorophyll "a", this can be explained by the hormesis phenomenon. Therefore, we consider that the cyanobacteria Chroococcus sp. may be a good candidate for bioremediation of aquatic systems contaminated with organophosphorus pesticides such as malathion and its transformation product such as malaoxon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Martínez-Aguilar
- a Distrito de San Pedro Pochutla , Instituto de Recursos Ciudad Universitaria Universidad del Mar , Puerto Ángel México
| | - Ignacio Alejandro Pérez-Legaspi
- b División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación , Instituto Tecnológico de Boca del Río, Tecnológico Nacional de México Boca del Río México
| | - Eustacio Ramírez-Fuentes
- a Distrito de San Pedro Pochutla , Instituto de Recursos Ciudad Universitaria Universidad del Mar , Puerto Ángel México
| | - Ma Nieves Trujillo-Tapia
- a Distrito de San Pedro Pochutla , Instituto de Recursos Ciudad Universitaria Universidad del Mar , Puerto Ángel México
| | - Luis Alfredo Ortega-Clemente
- b División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación , Instituto Tecnológico de Boca del Río, Tecnológico Nacional de México Boca del Río México
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20
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Bala R, Mittal S, Sharma RK, Wangoo N. A supersensitive silver nanoprobe based aptasensor for low cost detection of malathion residues in water and food samples. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2018; 196:268-273. [PMID: 29455078 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2018.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we report a highly sensitive, rapid and low cost colorimetric monitoring of malathion (an organophosphate insecticide) employing a basic hexapeptide, malathion specific aptamer (oligonucleotide) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) as a nanoprobe. AgNPs are made to interact with the aptamer and peptide to give different optical responses depending upon the presence or absence of malathion. The nanoparticles remain yellow in color in the absence of malathion owing to the binding of aptamer with peptide which otherwise tends to aggregate the particles because of charge based interactions. In the presence of malathion, the agglomeration of the particles occurs which turns the solution orange. Furthermore, the developed aptasensor was successfully applied to detect malathion in various water samples and apple. The detection offered high recoveries in the range of 89-120% with the relative standard deviation within 2.98-4.78%. The proposed methodology exhibited excellent selectivity and a very low limit of detection i.e. 0.5pM was achieved. The developed facile, rapid and low cost silver nanoprobe based on aptamer and peptide proved to be potentially applicable for highly selective and sensitive colorimetric sensing of trace levels of malathion in complex environmental samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajni Bala
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Sector-14, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Sherry Mittal
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Sector-14, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Rohit K Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Sector-14, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Nishima Wangoo
- Department of Applied Sciences, University Institute of Engineering & Technology (U.I.E.T.), Panjab University, Sector-25, Chandigarh 160014, India.
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Berton A, Brugnera MF, Dores EFGC. Grab and passive sampling applied to pesticide analysis in the São Lourenço river headwater in Campo Verde - MT, Brazil. J Environ Sci Health B 2018; 53:237-245. [PMID: 29336664 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2017.1410412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the quality of surface water in the headwaters of São Lourenço River in Mato Grosso, Brazil, was evaluated in relation to contamination by pesticides. For this purpose, samples were collected between December 2015 and June 2016 by grab sampling and by passive sampling using an integrative polar organic compound sampler installed in the field during four 14-day cycles between March and June 2016. The analyses were performed by gas chromatography (CG/MS) and by liquid chromatography (UPLC-MS/MS). The results showed the detection of two pesticides (atrazine and pyraclostrobin) of the five analyzed by passive sampling and eight active principles among the 20 analyzed (malathion, diuron, carbofuran, carbendazim, trifluralin, imidacloprid, metolachlor, and acetamiprid) by grab sampling. The detection of 10 pesticides, even almost a decade after the beginning of a recovery process of the ciliary forest, confirms the headwaters' vulnerability to these contaminants and passive sampling proved to be an important tool in capturing small concentrations of pesticides constituting an interesting complement to grab sampling.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Berton
- a Programa de Pós-Graduação em Recursos Hídricos, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso , Cuiabá , MT , Brazil
| | - Michelle F Brugnera
- b Departamento de Química Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso , Campus de Cuiabá , Cuiabá , MT , Brazil
| | - Eliana F G C Dores
- a Programa de Pós-Graduação em Recursos Hídricos, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso , Cuiabá , MT , Brazil
- b Departamento de Química Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso , Campus de Cuiabá , Cuiabá , MT , Brazil
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Clemow YH, Manning GE, Breton RL, Winchell MF, Padilla L, Rodney SI, Hanzas JP, Estes TL, Budreski K, Toth BN, Hill KL, Priest CD, Teed RS, Knopper LD, Moore DR, Stone CT, Whatling P. A refined ecological risk assessment for California red-legged frog, Delta smelt, and California tiger salamander exposed to malathion. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2018; 14:224-239. [PMID: 29087623 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The California red-legged frog (CRLF), Delta smelt (DS), and California tiger salamander (CTS) are 3 species listed under the United States Federal Endangered Species Act (ESA), all of which inhabit aquatic ecosystems in California. The US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) has conducted deterministic screening-level risk assessments for these species potentially exposed to malathion, an organophosphorus insecticide and acaricide. Results from our screening-level analyses identified potential risk of direct effects to DS as well as indirect effects to all 3 species via reduction in prey. Accordingly, for those species and scenarios in which risk was identified at the screening level, we conducted a refined probabilistic risk assessment for CRLF, DS, and CTS. The refined ecological risk assessment (ERA) was conducted using best available data and approaches, as recommended by the 2013 National Research Council (NRC) report "Assessing Risks to Endangered and Threatened Species from Pesticides." Refined aquatic exposure models including the Pesticide Root Zone Model (PRZM), the Vegetative Filter Strip Modeling System (VFSMOD), the Variable Volume Water Model (VVWM), the Exposure Analysis Modeling System (EXAMS), and the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) were used to generate estimated exposure concentrations (EECs) for malathion based on worst-case scenarios in California. Refined effects analyses involved developing concentration-response curves for fish and species sensitivity distributions (SSDs) for fish and aquatic invertebrates. Quantitative risk curves, field and mesocosm studies, surface-water monitoring data, and incident reports were considered in a weight-of-evidence approach. Currently, labeled uses of malathion are not expected to result in direct effects to CRLF, DS or CTS, or indirect effects due to effects on fish and invertebrate prey. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2018;14:224-239. © 2017 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne H Clemow
- Intrinsik, Carleton University Campus, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Roger L Breton
- Intrinsik, Carleton University Campus, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Sara I Rodney
- Intrinsik, Carleton University Campus, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Tammara L Estes
- Louisiana State University, Department of Environmental Science, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | | | | | - Katie L Hill
- Intrinsik, Carleton University Campus, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - R Scott Teed
- Intrinsik, Carleton University Campus, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Dwayne Rj Moore
- Intrinsik Environmental Sciences, New Gloucester, Maine, USA
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Pirsaheb M, Rezaei M, Fattahi N, Karami M, Sharafi K, Ghaffari HR. Optimization of a methodology for the simultaneous determination of deltamethrin, permethrin and malathion in stored wheat samples using dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction with solidification of floating organic drop and HPLC-UV. J Environ Sci Health B 2017; 52:641-650. [PMID: 28586286 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2017.1330078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate common pesticides in stored wheat at Kermanshah province's silos in Iran. A simple, inexpensive, reliable and environmentally friendly method based on dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction with solidification of floating organic drop was developed. The analytical characteristics of the method were determined. Also, various parameters such as the materials of the silos, types of ownerships of the silos, geographic orientation of silo locations and climatic conditions of silo locations on pesticide residues in studied wheat samples were investigated. Among all the studied parameters, the climatic conditions of silo locations showed the highest influence on pesticide residues in wheat samples. Generally, 61.2% of the samples had pesticide levels below the method detection limits and 38.8% of the total samples had at least one of the understudied pesticides. Also, 13.9% of the samples had deltamethrin residues, 16.7% of the samples had permethrin, 22.2% of the samples had malathion, 11.1% of the samples had both permethrin and malathion and 2.8% of the samples had both deltamethrin and malathion. The results revealed that the residues of deltamethrin and malathion were lower than the standard level announced by European Union regulation and only three samples contained permethrin higher than Europe standard level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghdad Pirsaheb
- a Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH) , Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences , Kermanshah , Iran
| | - Mansour Rezaei
- b Fertility and Infertility Research Center, School of Public Health , Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences , Kermanshah , Iran
| | - Nazir Fattahi
- a Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH) , Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences , Kermanshah , Iran
| | - Mohammad Karami
- c Students Research Committee , Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences , Kermanshah , Iran
| | - Kiomars Sharafi
- a Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH) , Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences , Kermanshah , Iran
| | - Hamid R Ghaffari
- d Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health , Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences , Bandar Abbas , Iran
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Williman C, Munitz MS, Montti MIT, Medina MB, Navarro AF, Ronco AE. Pesticide survey in water and suspended solids from the Uruguay River Basin, Argentina. Environ Monit Assess 2017; 189:259. [PMID: 28484956 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-017-5956-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The Uruguay River is receptor of pollutants, such as pesticides, from agriculture activities along its course. The present study reports concentration levels of organochlorinate, organophosphorus, and other pesticides in water and suspended solids in nine sampling sites of the Uruguay River. Data analyses included principal component analysis (PCA) to assess differences between sampling sites contamination. Most of the tested pesticides were ubiquitous due to the widely use in the chemical control of pests implemented in the region. Detected concentrations of aldrin, chlordane, dieldrin, endrin, heptachlor epoxide, lindane, 4,4'-DDT, endosulfan, chlorpyrifos, diazinon, methyl-parathion, and malathion were found to be over regional and international concentration level guidelines, according to the European Union, the US Environmental Protection Agency, or the Argentinean Secretariat of Environment and Sustainable Development. For this reason, future studies in Uruguay River Basin are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia Williman
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Alimentación, Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos, Concordia, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Martín S Munitz
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Alimentación, Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos, Concordia, Argentina.
| | - María I T Montti
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Alimentación, Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos, Concordia, Argentina
| | - María B Medina
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Alimentación, Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos, Concordia, Argentina
| | - Agustín F Navarro
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Alicia E Ronco
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones del Medio Ambiente, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
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Heidar H, Seyed Taghi Omid N, Abbasali Z. Monitoring Organophosphorous Pesticides Residues in the Shahid Rajaei Dam Reservoir, Sari, Iran. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2017; 98:791-797. [PMID: 28405693 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-017-2080-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Levels of eight different types of organophosphorous pesticides in water samples from different parts of the Shahid Rajaei dam reservoir in north of Iran were monitored. Water samples were collected from different locations of the reservoir in June, July and September of 2015 and in February 2016. Water samples were extracted with dichloromethane solvent and quantified using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry analyses. The results showed that all pesticides were detected for all periods and include dichlorvos, trifluralin, diazinon, methyl parathion, fenitrothion, malathion, profenofos and ethion. The highest concentrations were found in the summer that is related to malathion (on average 0.78 μg L-1). In midwinter, no pesticide residues were detected. The results showed that concentration of single and total pesticides for all stations were greater than the maximum contamination level of the European Economic Commission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemmati Heidar
- School of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | | | - Zamani Abbasali
- Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
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26
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Egea-Serrano A, Solé M. Effects of insecticides on a phytotelmata-breeding amphibian. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017; 36:422-428. [PMID: 27400022 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Information on the impact of pesticides on amphibian species breeding in phytotelmata (water bodies within plants) is totally lacking. The aim of the present study was to assess the impact of the insecticide malathion on larvae of Phyllodytes luteolus. Individuals were exposed to ecologically relevant concentrations of malathion (commercial formulation) for 16 d under laboratory conditions. Malathion had a lethal effect that allowed the authors to hypothesize that phtytotelmata-breeding species are likely as vulnerable to pollution as pond breeders. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:422-428. © 2016 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Egea-Serrano
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of Santa Cruz, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Mirco Solé
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of Santa Cruz, Bahia, Brazil
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27
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Isgoren M, Gengec E, Veli S. Evaluation of wet air oxidation variables for removal of organophosphorus pesticide malathion using Box-Behnken design. Water Sci Technol 2017; 75:619-628. [PMID: 28192356 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2016.479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This paper deals with finding optimum reaction conditions for wet air oxidation (WAO) of malathion aqueous solution, by Response Surface Methodology. Reaction conditions, which affect the removal efficiencies most during the non-catalytic WAO system, are: temperature (60-120 °C), applied pressure (20-40 bar), the pH value (3-7), and reaction time (0-120 min). Those were chosen as independent parameters of the model. The interactions between parameters were evaluated by Box-Behnken and the quadratic model fitted very well with the experimental data (29 runs). A higher value of R2 and adjusted R2 (>0.91) demonstrated that the model could explain the results successfully. As a result, optimum removal efficiency (97.8%) was obtained at pH 5, 20 bars of pressure, 116 °C, and 96 min. These results showed that Box-Behnken is a suitable design to optimize operating conditions and removal efficiency for non-catalytic WAO process. The EC20 value of raw wastewater was measured as 35.40% for malathion (20 mg/L). After the treatment, no toxicity was observed at the optimum reaction conditions. The results show that the WAO is an efficient treatment system for malathion degradation and has the ability of converting malathion to the non-toxic forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melike Isgoren
- Department of Environmental Protection, Kocaeli University, 41275 Kartepe, Kocaeli, Turkey E-mail:
| | - Erhan Gengec
- Department of Environmental Protection, Kocaeli University, 41275 Kartepe, Kocaeli, Turkey E-mail:
| | - Sevil Veli
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kocaeli University, 41100 Izmit Kocaeli, Turkey
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28
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Guler M, Turkoglu V, Kivrak A. Electrochemical detection of malathion pesticide using acetylcholinesterase biosensor based on glassy carbon electrode modified with conducting polymer film. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2016; 23:12343-12351. [PMID: 26979315 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6385-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) biosensor based on conducting poly([2,2̍';5̍' 2″]-terthiophene-3̍-carbaldehyde) (PTT) modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was constructed. AChE was immobilized on PTT film surface through the covalent bond between aldehyde and amino groups. The properties of PTT modified GCE were studied using cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The biosensor showed an oxidation peak at +0.83 V related to the oxidation of thiocholine, hydrolysis product of acetylthiocholine iodide (ATCI), catalyzed by AChE. The optimum current response of the biosensor was observed at pH 7.5-8.0, 40 °C and 120 U/cm(2) of AChE concentration. The biosensor showed a high sensitivity (183.19 μA/mM), a linear range from 0.015 to 1.644 mM, and a good reproducibility with 1.7 % of relative standard deviation (RSD). The biosensor showed a good stability. The interference of glycin, ascorbic acid, histidine, uric acid, dopamine, and arginine on the biosensor response was studied. An important analytical response from these inteferents that overlaps the biosensor response was not observed. The inhibition rate of malathion as a model pesticide was proportional to its concentrations from 9.99 to 99.01 nM. The detection limit was 4.08 nM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammet Guler
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Yuzuncu Yil University, 65080, Van, Turkey.
| | - Vedat Turkoglu
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Yuzuncu Yil University, 65080, Van, Turkey
| | - Arif Kivrak
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Yuzuncu Yil University, 65080, Van, Turkey
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29
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Rahimi S, Talebi K, Torabi E, Naveh VH. The dissipation kinetics of malathion in aqueous extracts of different fruits and vegetables. Environ Monit Assess 2015; 187:693. [PMID: 26483084 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-015-4865-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The dissipation of malathion in 5% aqueous extracts of some fruits and vegetables including bell pepper, tomato, cucumber, cantaloupe, carrot, and also buffer (control) was investigated at 37 °C for 4 h. The dissipation trend of malathion in the fruit/vegetable samples and buffer followed first-order double-exponential decay (FODED) and simple first-order kinetic (SFOK) models, respectively. The initial dissipation rate of malathion in tomato (DT10=0.05 h), bell pepper (DT10=0.06 h), and carrot (DT10=0.07 h) was faster compared to the other samples. The slowest rate of pesticide decline belonged to cantaloupe (DT50=1.92 h) with a significant difference from the other samples (p≤0.01), whereas tomato (DT50=0.43 h) and carrot (DT50=0.53 h) showed the fastest dissipation rate. DT90 values derived from the models revealed no significant difference between the samples except for cantaloupe which had the slowest rate of dissipation (DT90=8.27 h) with a significant difference compared to others (p≤0.01). A direct correlation was observed between protein content of the samples and the rate of malathion decline which indicates the role of plant enzymes in degrading malathion residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahrzad Rahimi
- Department of Plant Protection, University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Karaj, Iran
| | - Khalil Talebi
- Department of Plant Protection, University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Karaj, Iran.
- Department of Plant Protection, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
| | - Ehssan Torabi
- Department of Plant Protection, University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Karaj, Iran
| | - Vahid Hoseini Naveh
- Department of Plant Protection, University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Karaj, Iran
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30
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Sankaran G, Lopez T, Ries S, Ross J, Vega H, Eastmond DA, Krieger RI. Latex Rubber Gloves as a Sampling Dosimeter Using a Novel Surrogate Sampling Device. J Toxicol Environ Health A 2015; 78:1094-1104. [PMID: 26302432 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2015.1037411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Pesticide exposure during harvesting of crops occurs primarily to the workers' hands. When harvesters wear latex rubber gloves for personal safety and hygiene harvesting reasons, gloves accumulate pesticide residues. Hence, characterization of the gloves' properties may be useful for pesticide exposure assessments. Controlled field studies were conducted using latex rubber gloves to define the factors that influence the transfer of pesticides to the glove and that would affect their use as a residue monitoring device. A novel sampling device called the Brinkman Contact Transfer Unit (BCTU) was constructed to study the glove characteristics and residue transfer and accumulation under controlled conditions on turf. The effectiveness of latex rubber gloves as sampling dosimeters was evaluated by measuring the transferable pesticide residues as a function of time. The validation of latex rubber gloves as a residue sampling dosimeter was performed by comparing pesticide transfer and dissipation from the gloves, with the turf transferable residues sampled using the validated California (CA) Roller, a standard measure of residue transfer. The observed correlation (Pearson's correlation coefficient R(2)) between the two methods was .84 for malathion and .96 for fenpropathrin, indicating that the BCTU is a useful, reliable surrogate tool for studying available residue transfer to latex rubber gloves under experimental conditions. Perhaps more importantly, these data demonstrate that latex gloves worn by workers may be useful quantifiable matrices for measuring pesticide exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayatri Sankaran
- a Personal Chemical Exposure Program , University of California Riverside , Riverside , California , USA
| | - Terry Lopez
- a Personal Chemical Exposure Program , University of California Riverside , Riverside , California , USA
| | - Steve Ries
- b Turfgrass Research Project, University of California Riverside , Riverside , California , USA
| | - John Ross
- c Gem Quality Risk, Inc. , Carmichael , California , USA
| | - Helen Vega
- a Personal Chemical Exposure Program , University of California Riverside , Riverside , California , USA
| | - David A Eastmond
- a Personal Chemical Exposure Program , University of California Riverside , Riverside , California , USA
| | - Robert I Krieger
- a Personal Chemical Exposure Program , University of California Riverside , Riverside , California , USA
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Zuo HG, Zhu JX, Zhan CR, Shi L, Xing M, Guo P, Ding Y, Yang H. Preparation of malathion MIP-SPE and its application in environmental analysis. Environ Monit Assess 2015; 187:394. [PMID: 26038320 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-015-4641-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Malathion is an organophosphorous insecticide for controlling insects on fruits and vegetables, miscellaneous household insects, and animal parasites. It is important to develop highly efficient and selective pre-treatment method for analyzing malathion residues in environment and samples from agricultural products based on the molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs). In this study, we developed a tailor-made MIP method with highly specific recognization to the template. The MIPs were prepared using malathion as a template, methacrylic acid (MAA) as a functional monomer, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) as a crosslinker, azodiisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as an initiator, and the acetonitrile-chloroform (1:1, v/v) as a porogen. The molecular recognization mechanism of malathion and MAA was evaluated by molecular simulation, ultraviolet spectrometry (UV), and (1)H-nuclear magnetic resonance ((1)H-NMR). MAA interacted specifically with malathion by hydrogen bond with a ratio of 2:1. The MIPs exhibit a high affinity, recognition specificity, and efficient adsorption performance for malathion. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), surface area and porosimeter analyzer, thermogravimetric/differential thermal analyzer (TG/DTA) were used to characterize the properties of MIP. The malathion residues in soil, tap water, and cabbage were cleaned up by MIP-SPE, detected quantitatively using GC-FPD, and confirmed by GC-MS/MS. The limits of tap water, soil, and cabbage were confined to 0.001 mg L(-1), 0.004 and 0.004 mg kg(-1), respectively. The spiked recoveries of malathion were 96.06-111.49% (with RSD being 5.7-9.2%), 98.13-103.83% (RSD, 3.5-8.7%), and 84.94-93.69% (RSD, 4.7-5.8%) for tap water, soil, and cabbage samples, respectively. Thus, the method developed here can be used effectively in assessing malathion residues in multiple environmental samples. The aim of the study was to provide an efficient, selective, and accurate method for analyzing malathion at trace levels in multiple media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Gen Zuo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, College of Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
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Ohar Z, Lahav O, Ostfeld A. Optimal sensor placement for detecting organophosphate intrusions into water distribution systems. Water Res 2015; 73:193-203. [PMID: 25662513 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2015.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Revised: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Placement of water quality sensors in a water distribution system is a common approach for minimizing contamination intrusion risks. This study incorporates detailed chemistry of organophosphate contaminations into the problem of sensor placement and links quantitative measures of the affected population as a result of such intrusions. The suggested methodology utilizes the stoichiometry and kinetics of the reactions between organophosphate contaminants and free chlorine for predicting the number of affected consumers. This is accomplished through linking a multi-species water quality model and a statistical dose-response model. Three organophosphates (chlorpyrifos, malathion, and parathion) are tested as possible contaminants. Their corresponding by-products were modeled and accounted for in the affected consumers impact calculations. The methodology incorporates a series of randomly generated intrusion events linked to a genetic algorithm for minimizing the contaminants impact through a sensors system. Three example applications are explored for demonstrating the model capabilities through base runs and sensitivity analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziv Ohar
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Ori Lahav
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Avi Ostfeld
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel.
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Agarwal A, Prajapati R, Singh OP, Raza SK, Thakur LK. Pesticide residue in water--a challenging task in India. Environ Monit Assess 2015; 187:54. [PMID: 25638058 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-015-4287-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/11/2015] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Modern agriculture practices reveal an increase in use of pesticides to meet the food demand of increasing population which results in contamination of the environment. In India, crop production increased to 100 %, but the cropping area has increased marginally by 20 %. Pesticides have played a major role in achieving the maximum crop production but maximum usage and accumulation of pesticide residues is highly detrimental to aquatic and other ecosystem. Pesticide residues in drinking water have become a major challenge over the last few years. It has been monitored in public water supply resources in National capital territory, i.e., Delhi. Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), mainly isomers of hexachlorohexane (HCH), dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane (DDT), endosulphan, endrin, aldrin, dieldrin, and heptachlore, were identified from potable water samples. Results suggested that continuous consumption of contaminated water can pose severe health threats to local residents of this area. Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), Delhi, had found α and β isomers of endosulphan residues in the Yamuna river. High concentrations of γ-HCH (0.259 μg/l) and malathion (2.618 μg/l) were detected in the surface water samples collected from the river Ganga in Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh (UP). High concentration of methyl parathion, endosulfan, and DDT were observed in water samples collected from the river at Bhagalpur, Bihar. The Industrial Toxicology Research Centre (ITRC), Lucknow (UP) study also found 0.5671 ppb concentrations of endosulfan in the river at Allahabad, UP. Similar results were found in other water samples in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akriti Agarwal
- Institute of Pesticide Formulation Technology, Ministry of Chemicals & Fertilizers, Government of India, Sector-20, Udyog Vihar, Gurgaon, 122016, Haryana, India
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Brogan WR, Relyea RA. A new mechanism of macrophyte mitigation: how submerged plants reduce malathion's acute toxicity to aquatic animals. Chemosphere 2014; 108:405-410. [PMID: 24630450 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Revised: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A growing body of evidence suggests that aquatic plants can mitigate the toxicity of insecticides to sensitive aquatic animals. The current paradigm is that this ability is driven primarily by insecticide sorption to plant tissues, especially for hydrophobic compounds. However, recent work shows that submerged plants can strongly mitigate the toxicity of the relatively hydrophilic insecticide malathion, despite the fact that this compound exhibits a slow sorption rate to plants. To examine this disparity, we tested the hypothesis that the mitigating effect of submerged plants on malathion's toxicity is driven primarily by the increased water pH from plant photosynthesis causing the hydrolysis of malathion, rather than by sorption. To do this, we compared zooplankton (Daphnia magna) survival across five environmentally relevant malathion concentrations (0, 1, 4, 6, or 36 μg L(-1)) in test containers where we chemically manipulated water pH in the absence of plants or added the submerged plant (Elodea canadensis) but manipulated plant photosynthetic activity via shading or no shading. We discovered that malathion was equally lethal to Daphnia at all concentrations tested when photosynthetically inactive (i.e. shaded) plants were present (pH at time of dosing=7.8) or when pH was chemically decreased (pH=7.7). In contrast, when photosynthetically active (i.e. unshaded) plants were present (pH=9.8) or when pH was chemically increased (pH=9.5), the effects of 4 and 6 μg L(-1) of malathion on Daphnia were mitigated strongly and to an equal degree. These results demonstrate that the mitigating effect of submerged plants on malathion's toxicity can be explained entirely by a mechanism of photosynthesizing plants causing an increase in water pH, resulting in rapid malathion hydrolysis. Our findings suggest that current ecotoxicological models and phytoremediation strategies may be overlooking a critical mechanism for mitigating pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- William R Brogan
- University of Pittsburgh, 4200 Fifth Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
| | - Rick A Relyea
- University of Pittsburgh, 4200 Fifth Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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Phillips BM, Anderson BS, Voorhees JP, Siegler K, Denton D, TenBrook P, Larsen K, Isorena P, Tjeerdema RS. Monitoring the aquatic toxicity of mosquito vector control spray pesticides to freshwater receiving waters. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2014; 10:449-455. [PMID: 24659580 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.1534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Revised: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides are applied to state and local waterways in California to control insects such as mosquitoes, which are known to serve as a vector for West Nile Virus infection of humans. The California State Water Resources Control Board adopted a National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System General Permit to address the discharge to waters of the United States of pesticides resulting from adult and larval mosquito control. Because pesticides used in spray activities have the potential to cause toxicity to nontarget organisms in receiving waters, the current study was designed to determine whether toxicity testing provides additional, useful environmental risk information beyond chemical analysis in monitoring spray pesticide applications. Monitoring included a combination of aquatic toxicity tests and chemical analyses of receiving waters from agricultural, urban, and wetland habitats. The active ingredients monitored included the organophosphate pesticides malathion and naled, the pyrethroid pesticides etofenprox, permethrin, and sumithrin, pyrethrins, and piperonyl butoxide (PBO). Approximately 15% of the postapplication water samples were significantly toxic. Toxicity of half of these samples was attributed to the naled breakdown product dichlorvos. Toxicity of 2 other water samples likely occurred when PBO synergized the effects of pyrethroid pesticides that were likely present in the receiving system. Four of 43 postapplication sediment samples were significantly more toxic than their corresponding pre-application samples, but none of the observed toxicity was attributed to the application events. These results indicate that many of the spray pesticides used for adult mosquito control do not pose significant acute toxicity risk to invertebrates in receiving systems. In the case of naled in water, analysis of only the active ingredient underestimated potential impacts to the receiving system, because toxicity was attributed to the breakdown product, dichlorvos. Toxicity testing can provide useful risk information about unidentified, unmeasured toxicants or mixtures of toxicants. In this case, toxicity testing provided information that could lead to the inclusion of dichlorvos monitoring as a permit requirement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryn M Phillips
- University of California, Davis, Department of Environmental Toxicology, Monterey, California, USA
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Srivastava AK, Rai S, Srivastava MK, Lohani M, Mudiam MKR, Srivastava LP. Determination of 17 organophosphate pesticide residues in mango by modified QuEChERS extraction method using GC-NPD/GC-MS and hazard index estimation in Lucknow, India. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96493. [PMID: 24809911 PMCID: PMC4014508 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A total of 162 samples of different varieties of mango: Deshehari, Langra, Safeda in three growing stages (Pre-mature, Unripe and Ripe) were collected from Lucknow, India, and analyzed for the presence of seventeen organophosphate pesticide residues. The QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe) method of extraction coupled with gas chromatography was validated for pesticides and qualitatively confirmed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The method was validated with different concentrations of mixture of seventeen organophosphate pesticides (0.05, 0.10, 0.50 mg kg(-1)) in mango. The average recovery varied from 70.20% to 95.25% with less than 10% relative standard deviation. The limit of quantification of different pesticides ranged from 0.007 to 0.033 mg kg(-1). Out of seventeen organophosphate pesticides only malathion and chlorpyriphos were detected. Approximately 20% of the mango samples have shown the presence of these two pesticides. The malathion residues ranged from ND-1.407 mg kg(-1) and chlorpyriphos ND-0.313 mg kg(-1) which is well below the maximum residues limit (PFA-1954). In three varieties of mango at different stages from unpeeled to peeled sample reduction of malathion and chlorpyriphos ranged from 35.48%-100% and 46.66%-100% respectively. The estimated daily intake of malathion ranged from 0.032 to 0.121 µg kg(-1) and chlorpyriphos ranged from zero to 0.022 µg kg(-1) body weight from three different stages of mango. The hazard indices ranged from 0.0015 to 0.0060 for malathion and zero to 0.0022 for chlorpyriphos. It is therefore indicated that seasonal consumption of these three varieties of mango may not pose any health hazards for the population of Lucknow, city, India because the hazard indices for malathion and chlorpyriphos residues were below to one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh K. Srivastava
- Pesticide Toxicology Laboratory, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Govt. of India), Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, India
| | - Satyajeet Rai
- Pesticide Toxicology Laboratory, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Govt. of India), Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, India
| | - M. K. Srivastava
- Pesticide Toxicology Laboratory, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Govt. of India), Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, India
| | - M. Lohani
- Department of Biotechnology, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - M. K. R. Mudiam
- Pesticide Toxicology Laboratory, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Govt. of India), Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, India
| | - L. P. Srivastava
- Pesticide Toxicology Laboratory, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Govt. of India), Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, India
- * E-mail:
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Kinoshita H, Tanaka N, Jamal M, Kumihashi M, Tsutsui K, Ameno K. Xylene; a useful marker for agricultural products ingestion. Soud Lek 2013; 58:59-60. [PMID: 24289525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Here we report about a case of malathion (an organophosphate insecticide) ingestion. Headspace analysis of stomach content provided useful information for screening of toxic chemicals. We should pay attention to solvents used in commercial industrial products.
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Yurtkuran Z, Saygı Y. Assessment of pesticide residues in Karaboğaz Lake from Kızılırmak Delta, Turkey. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2013; 91:165-170. [PMID: 23775316 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-013-1037-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring of pesticide residues in water and sediments was conducted for the coastal shallow Karaboğaz Lake, northern Turkey. During a one-year study period, eight pesticides (malathion, etofenprox, molinate, oxamyl, propamocarb hydrochloride, tebufenozide, linuron, piperonyl butoxide) were detected in water and in sediments, all at μg/L and μg/kg concentrations, respectively. Temporal variation in pesticide concentrations was observed. Highest pesticide concentrations in water and sediment were from tebufenozide and etofenprox, respectively. Aquatic risk assessments revealed that out of eight pesticides detected, three showed unaccaptable risk: malathion, oxamyl and etofenprox.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Yurtkuran
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Hacettepe University, Beytepe, Ankara 06800, Turkey.
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Zhang H, Wang X, Zhuang S, Jin N, Wang X, Qian M, Xu H, Qi P, Wang Q, Wang M. Enantioselective analysis and degradation studies of isocarbophos in soils by chiral liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Agric Food Chem 2012; 60:10188-10195. [PMID: 23009639 DOI: 10.1021/jf302620s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
An enantioselective method is presented for the determination of isocarbophos in soil by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. The pesticide residues in soil samples were extracted with acetonitrile, and complete enantioseparation was obtained on an amylose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) chiral column using acetonitrile/2 mM ammonium acetate solution containing 0.1% formic acid (60:40, v/v) as the mobile phase. The absolute configuration of isocarbophos enantiomers was determined by the combination of experimental and calculated electronic circular dichroism spectra. The method was utilized to investigate the degradation of isocarbophos in soils (Changchun, Hangzhou, and Zhengzhou) under sterilized or native conditions. Isocarbophos enantiomers were configurationally stable in the selected soils, and the pesticide degradation was not enantioselective in the sterilized condition. The degradation behavior of rac-isocarbophos was different under native conditions, with no enantioselectivity in the Changchun soil and with the S-(+)-isocarbophos enriched in the Hangzhou and Zhengzhou soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Zhang
- Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
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Jaiswal M, Chauhan D, Sankararamakrishnan N. Copper chitosan nanocomposite: synthesis, characterization, and application in removal of organophosphorous pesticide from agricultural runoff. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2012; 19:2055-2062. [PMID: 22215320 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-011-0699-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2011] [Accepted: 12/13/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Removal of malathion from agricultural runoff was studied using novel copper-coated chitosan nanocomposite (CuCH)-a biopolymeric waste obtained from marine industry. METHODS Synthesis and characterization of the adsorbent using different spectral techniques like Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller surface analyzer have been carried out. Equilibrium studies have been carried out to optimize the dose rate, pH, and the reaction time. Parathion and methyl parathion removal were also evaluated by CuCH in the batch mode. Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and FTIR studies suitable mechanism for adsorption has been suggested. RESULTS The particle size of the adsorbent ranged from 700 to 750 nm. The surface area was found to be 20 m(2) g(-1) with a pore volume of 0.11 cc g(-1). The maximum adsorption capacity of malathion by CuCH was found to be 322.6 ± 3.5 mg g(-1) at an optimum pH of 2.0. Presence of copper ions enhanced the adsorption capacity of the adsorbent. The reaction was found to follow pseudo second-order kinetics with a rate constant of 0.53 g mg(-1) min(-1). Evidence from FTIR indicated that copper ions form a dithionate complex with malathion during the adsorption stage. The adsorbent was found to remove malathion completely from spiked concentration of 2 mg l(-1) in the agricultural run-off samples. It was also found that CuCH removed other organophospurous pesticides like methyl parathion and parathion under prevailing conditions. CONCLUSIONS The results indicated that CuCH could be applied for the removal of organophosphorous pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meha Jaiswal
- Center for Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
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Ben Oujji N, Bakas I, Istamboulié G, Ait-Ichou I, Ait-Addi E, Rouillon R, Noguer T. Acetylcholinesterase immobilized on magnetic beads for pesticides detection: application to olive oil analysis. Sensors (Basel) 2012; 12:7893-904. [PMID: 22969377 PMCID: PMC3436006 DOI: 10.3390/s120607893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2012] [Revised: 05/24/2012] [Accepted: 06/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This work presents the development of bioassays and biosensors for the detection of insecticides widely used in the treatment of olive trees. The systems are based on the covalent immobilisation of acetylcholinesterase on magnetic microbeads using either colorimetry or amperometry as detection technique. The magnetic beads were immobilised on screen-printed electrodes or microtitration plates and tested using standard solutions and real samples. The developed devices showed good analytical performances with limits of detection much lower than the maximum residue limit tolerated by international regulations, as well as a good reproducibility and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najwa Ben Oujji
- IMAGES Laboratory, University of Perpignan, IMAGES EA4218, Building S 52 Av Paul Alduy, 66860 Perpignan Cedex, France; E-Mails: (N.B.O.); (I.B.); (G.I.); (R.R.)
- AQUAMAR Laboratory, Photocatalysis and Environment Team, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University Ibn Zohr, BP 8106 Cité Dakhla, Agadir, Morocco; E-Mails: (I.A.-I.); (E.A.-A.)
| | - Idriss Bakas
- IMAGES Laboratory, University of Perpignan, IMAGES EA4218, Building S 52 Av Paul Alduy, 66860 Perpignan Cedex, France; E-Mails: (N.B.O.); (I.B.); (G.I.); (R.R.)
- AQUAMAR Laboratory, Photocatalysis and Environment Team, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University Ibn Zohr, BP 8106 Cité Dakhla, Agadir, Morocco; E-Mails: (I.A.-I.); (E.A.-A.)
| | - Georges Istamboulié
- IMAGES Laboratory, University of Perpignan, IMAGES EA4218, Building S 52 Av Paul Alduy, 66860 Perpignan Cedex, France; E-Mails: (N.B.O.); (I.B.); (G.I.); (R.R.)
| | - Ihya Ait-Ichou
- AQUAMAR Laboratory, Photocatalysis and Environment Team, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University Ibn Zohr, BP 8106 Cité Dakhla, Agadir, Morocco; E-Mails: (I.A.-I.); (E.A.-A.)
| | - Elhabib Ait-Addi
- AQUAMAR Laboratory, Photocatalysis and Environment Team, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University Ibn Zohr, BP 8106 Cité Dakhla, Agadir, Morocco; E-Mails: (I.A.-I.); (E.A.-A.)
| | - Régis Rouillon
- IMAGES Laboratory, University of Perpignan, IMAGES EA4218, Building S 52 Av Paul Alduy, 66860 Perpignan Cedex, France; E-Mails: (N.B.O.); (I.B.); (G.I.); (R.R.)
| | - Thierry Noguer
- IMAGES Laboratory, University of Perpignan, IMAGES EA4218, Building S 52 Av Paul Alduy, 66860 Perpignan Cedex, France; E-Mails: (N.B.O.); (I.B.); (G.I.); (R.R.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +33-4-68-66-22-55; Fax: +33-4-68-66-22-23
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Mahat NA, Jayaprakash PT, Zafarina Z. Malathion extraction from larvae of Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) for determining death due to malathion. Trop Biomed 2012; 29:9-17. [PMID: 22543598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The use of Chrysomya megacephala larvae for detecting malathion for diagnosing the cause of death was investigated. This could prove useful when the visceral organs have become liquefied during decomposition and therefore cannot be sampled. A field experiment was conducted in which C. megacephala were allowed to colonise naturally the corpses of rabbits that had died of malathion poisoning. The concentration of malathion increased gradually during the larval stages of C. megacephala reaching the maximum concentration in the third instar larvae. The concentration of malathion declined during prepupal stage and reached its lowest level among tenerals. The average malathion concentrations in C. megacephala growing in poisoned rabbit corpses left in a sunlit habitat were significantly higher (p<0.05) than those growing on poisoned rabbits left in a shaded habitat. The concentrations of malathion in the different stages of development of C. megacephala were moderately correlated (r = 0.51-0.69) with the administered doses as well as with those estimated in visceral organs. Thus, it would not be reliable to suggest the formulation of mathematical algorithms for relating the concentration of malathion found in the different stages of development of C. megacephala with those found in the visceral organs. However, in the context of forensic investigation, the qualitative detection of malathion in C. megacephala may prove useful in diagnosing the cause of death, since malathion is a common cause of accidental and suicidal deaths.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Mahat
- Forensic Science Programme, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan.
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Malhat F, Nasr I. Organophosphorus pesticides residues in fish samples from the River Nile tributaries in Egypt. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2011; 87:689-692. [PMID: 21953307 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-011-0419-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2011] [Accepted: 09/19/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The concentration of organophosphorus pesticides in fish samples from different tributaries of the Nile River in Egypt was monitored. Fish samples were collected from El Menofiya, canal water supplies (El-Sarsawia, El-Bagoria and Bahr Shebin), in addition to El-Embaby, El-Menofi and Miet Rabiha drainage canals each 2 month during periods of 16 month, June 2007-Septemper 2008. Chloropyrifos, cadusafos, diazinon, prothiphos and malathion were detected in fish tissues samples at level below the maximum residue limit. The highest average amount of chlorpyrifos (9.38 ng g(-1)) and malathion (8.31 ng g(-1)) were detected in El-Embaby drain. Prothiphos were found in tissues collected from El-Sarsawia canal and Miet-Rabiha drain at mean concentration of 4.91 and 6.55 ng g(-1), respectively. Diazinon was only found in one fish sample that collected from El-Menofi drain at the level of 9.23 ng g(-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Farag Malhat
- Department of Pesticide Residues and Environmental Pollution, Central Agricultural Pesticide Laboratory, Agriculture Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
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Park Y, Im AR, Hong YN, Kim CK, Kim YS. Detection of malathion, fenthion and methidathion by using heparin-reduced gold nanoparticles. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2011; 11:7570-7578. [PMID: 22097460 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2011.5123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Green-synthesized gold nanoparticles were utilized for the detection of organophosphorous pesticides. Heparin, one of glycosaminoglycans, was used as a reducing and stabilizing agent. The reaction conditions were optimized, and high resolution-transmission electron microscopic images revealed gold nanoparticles of various shapes. Organophosphorous pesticides in water were detected by simply mixing them with gold nanoparticles. NaCl induced a color change in the mixed solution from wine-red to purple-blue that was dependent on the pesticide concentration in the range of 10-1,000 ppb. Gold nanoparticles were immobilized on a silica gel matrix in order to prepare solid supports for removing pesticides. The incorporation of atomic gold and heparin bound to 2 g of silica gel was determined 4,058 ppm and 33 microg as measured by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrophotometry and carbazole assay, respectively. AuNPs-immobilized silica gel columns were successfully applied for removing fenthion in water confirmed by RP-HPLC and FT-IR analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youmie Park
- College of Pharmacy, Inje University, 607 Obang-dong, Gimhae, Gyeongnam 621-749, Republic of Korea
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Raina R, Hall P, Sun L. Occurrence and relationship of organophosphorus insecticides and their degradation products in the atmosphere in Western Canada agricultural regions. Environ Sci Technol 2010; 44:8541-8546. [PMID: 20977269 DOI: 10.1021/es102450k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents the atmospheric occurrence and seasonal variations of the most frequently detected organophosphorus insecticides (OPs) and their OP oxon degradation products at Bratt's Lake, Saskatchewan in the Canadian Prairies (April 2003 to March 2004, January-December, 2005) and at Abbotsford in the Lower Frazer Valley (LFV) of British Columbia from May 2004 to December, 2005. During 2005 there were 10 OPs, 8 OP oxons, and 6 other OP degradation products measured. The most frequently detected OPs were chlorpyrifos, malathion, and diazinon. At Bratt's Lake the highest atmospheric concentrations were observed for chlorpyrifos, with maximum concentrations observed during July and August in 2003 showing much higher concentrations than those from 2005. This was related to its usage for grasshopper control in the province. At Abbotsford, diazinon and malathion were observed in much higher atmospheric concentrations than chlorpyrifos. Concentrations reached maximum in spring for diazinon and summer for malathion. This study is the first reported study of seasonal variations of OP oxons with their parent OP. Chlorpyrifos oxon concentrations during July were generally low, indicating strong local source contributions. The chlorpyrifos oxon/chlorpyrifos ratio and diazinon oxon/diazinon ratio showed a strong seasonal variation with increasing ratio from spring to summer which was attributed to increasing sunlight hours. Malathion oxon/mathion at both sites was similar and relatively constant throughout the year. The oxon/thion ratio represents a good indicator of age of source or contributions from local versus regional atmospheric sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Raina
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Trace Analysis Facility, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada.
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Sengupta D, Aktar MW, Alam S, Chowdhury A. Impact assessment and decontamination of pesticides from meat under different culinary processes. Environ Monit Assess 2010; 169:37-43. [PMID: 19757120 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-009-1148-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2009] [Accepted: 08/18/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A total of 75 animals between 1.5 and 8 years old were randomly selected for the study. Of these, 57.8% were cross-bred animals and the rest were non-descript. Moreover, 61.8% of the animals under study were brought for slaughter from local sources and the rest from farm houses. Samples collected from five districts revealed contamination with traces of organochlorine pesticides (0.01-0.22 microg g(-1)) and organophosphorus pesticides (0.111-0.098 microg g(-1)). In general, all the raw meat samples possessed dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane at the highest level. Contamination was highest in cow meat samples and lowest in chicken samples. No particular district-wise trend was obtained for the pesticides selected for analysis. Subsequent decontamination study revealed that cooking is the best option in reducing pesticide load in raw meat samples. Cooked chicken is the safest foodstuff for consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dwaipayan Sengupta
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Soil Science, Institute of Agricultural Science, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, 700019, India
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Chen D, Chen C, Du D. Detection of organophosphate pesticide using polyaniline and carbon nanotubes composite based on acetylcholinesterase inhibition. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2010; 10:5662-5666. [PMID: 21133088 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2010.2477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity may be useful biomarker for detecting of organophosphate pesticides (OP). Thus a sensitive biosensor for quantitative determination of OP based on AChE biomonitoring was developed. Multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)/polyaniline (PANI) composite film was prepared by electrochemical polymerization. The immobilized AChE catalyzed the hydrolysis of acetylthiocholine chloride to produce thiocholine, which engendered an irreversible oxidation peak. The enzyme activity was monitored by measuring the oxidation current of thiocholine and further detection of OP. The developed sensor provided a new promising tool for pesticide analysis and assay of enzyme activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiqin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, PR China
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Da Silva RL, Da Silva CP, Navickiene S. Multiresidue determination of carbamate, organochlorine, organophosphorus, and dicarboximide pesticides in lettuce by GC/MS. J Environ Sci Health B 2010; 45:589-94. [PMID: 20661793 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2010.493498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
An extraction method based on matrix solid-phase dispersion was developed to determine pirimicarb, methyl parathion, malathion, procymidone, alpha-endosulfan and beta-endosulfan in lettuce using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The best results were obtained using 4.0 g of lettuce, 2.0 g of silica as dispersant sorbent, 0.1 g of activated carbon as clean up sorbent and acetonitrile as eluting solvent. The method was validated using lettuce samples fortified with pesticides at six different concentration levels (0.1 to 2.0 mg/kg). Average recoveries (7 replicates) ranged from 50 to 120%, with relative standard deviations between 0.6 and 8.0%. Detection and quantification limits for lettuce ranged from 0.01 to 0.02 mg/kg and 0.04 to 0.10 mg/kg, respectively.
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Meng J, Yang B, Zhang Y, Dong X, Shu J. Heterogeneous ozonation of suspended malathion and chlorpyrifos particles. Chemosphere 2010; 79:394-400. [PMID: 20176393 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2009] [Revised: 02/03/2010] [Accepted: 02/03/2010] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The heterogeneous ozonation of suspended malathion and chlorpyrifos particles are studied in real-time with a vacuum ultraviolet photoionization aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometer (VUV-ATOFMS). The pesticide particles with the diameter of hundreds of nanometers are generated by the homogeneous nucleation method using azelaic acid as nucleus. The reactions are carried out in an aerosol reaction chamber under ambient pressure (1 atm) and room temperature (298 K), respectively. The time-of-flight mass spectra of the solid-state ozonation products of malathion and chlorpyrifos are obtained. The assignments of the mass spectra reveal that the major ozonation products of malathion particles are s-(1,2-diethoxycarbonyl)ethyl-O,O-dimethylphosphorothioate (malaoxon), 2-mercapto-succinic acid diethylester, 1,2-dicarbethoxyethyl-dimethoxyphosphinyldisulfide and bis(1,2-bis-ethoxycarbonyl-ethyl)disulfide. The experimental results reveal that water vapor can enhance the formation of malaoxon, 2-mercapto-succinic acid diethylester and bis(1,2-bis-ethoxycarbonyl-ethyl)disulfide. In the case of chlorpyrifos, the sole ozonation product observed is 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyl-diethylphosphate (chlorpyrifos oxon). The pathways of heterogeneous ozonation of malathion and chlorpyrifos particles are proposed. The atmospheric lifetimes of malathion and chlorpyrifos particles towards ozone reaction are estimated based on the time-dependent mass spectrometric signals obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwang Meng
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
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Pan X, Du H, Yan H, Shao H. [Research the role of gulonic acid lactone in the five kinds of organic phosphorus pesticide detection]. Wei Sheng Yan Jiu 2010; 39:221-223. [PMID: 20459042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the protective effect of gulonic acid lactone in the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry system for detecting phorate, diazinon, dimethoate, methyl parathion, malathion five kinds of organic phosphorus pesticide. METHODS By comparing the peak area changes of organic phosphorus pesticide configured with different concentrations (0, 0.3, 0.6, 0.9 and 1.2 mg/ml) of the gulonic acid lactone-methanol solution, and the concentrations (500 ng/ml) of organic phosphorus pesticide are same, to determine the best dosage of gulonic acid lactone. In the concentration, evaluate the protective effect of gulonic acid lactone on five kinds of organic phosphorus pesticide testing. RESULTS When the concentration of gulonic acid lactone-methanol solution <1 mg/ml, the selected ion peak area of the five kinds organophosphorus pesticides detected by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in the same conditions increases with the upward trend of its concentration ; when the concentration is equal to 1 mg/ml, the peak area reached the highest level, and then with the concentrations increased, no significant change in it. Diazinon's sensitivity increased by 4 times, phorate's sensitivity increased by 5 times, dimethoate, methyl parathion and malathion's sensitivity increased by 10 times, and the peak shape improved distinctly, tailing phenomenon disappears. CONCLUSION Gulonic acid lactone can effectively improve the five kinds of organic phosphorus pesticide's sensitivity, improving the peak-type tailing and asymmetric phenomenon by the result of the active site. Quantitative bias can be effectively corrected caused by matrix effects. When the concentration is 1 mg/ml, it has the best effect of the compensation effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingfu Pan
- Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Ji' nan 250062, China
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