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Lee VY. Organogermanium Analogues of Alkenes, Alkynes, 1,3-Dienes, Allenes, and Vinylidenes. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041558. [PMID: 36838546 PMCID: PMC9960162 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review, the latest achievements in the field of multiply bonded organogermanium derivatives, mostly reported within the last two decades, are presented. The isolable Ge-containing analogues of alkenes, alkynes, 1,3-dienes, allenes, and vinylidenes are discussed, and for each class of unsaturated organogermanium compounds, the most representative examples are given. The synthetic approaches toward homonuclear multiply bonded combinations solely consisting of germanium atoms, and their heteronuclear variants containing germanium and other group 14 elements, both acyclic and cyclic, are discussed. The peculiar structural features and nonclassical bonding nature of the abovementioned compounds are discussed based on their spectroscopic and structural characteristics, in particular their crystallographic parameters (double bond length, trans-bending at the doubly bonded centers, and twisting about the double bond). The prospects for the practical use of the title compounds in synthetic and catalytic fields are also briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Ya Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8571, Ibaraki, Japan
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2
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Yu Y, Hu J, Zhao X, Liu J, Gao Y. Photochemical vapor generation for germanium: synergistic effect from cobalt/chloride ions and air-liquid interfaces. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:5709-5717. [PMID: 35604423 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04126-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Photochemical vapor generation (PVG) of germanium (Ge) was first reported in this work. The synergistic effect from cobalt/chloride ions and air-liquid interfaces was found for the PVG of Ge. No obvious signal response was observed from the standard solution of Ge in 10% (v/v) formic acids (FAs) under UV irradiation. The addition of 300 mg L-1 of Co2+ and 30 mmol L-1 of Cl- resulted in enhanced photochemical reduction for Ge, and the introduction of air-liquid interfaces proceeding and succeeding the sample solution caused another 4.6 folds of enhancement in signal response of Ge. Under the selected condition, the limit of detection (LOD, 3σ, n = 11) was obtained to be 0.008 ng mL-1 with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP MS) measurement. A good precision, expressed as a relative standard deviation (RSD, n = 7) of 2.0%, was found from replicated measurements of 2 ng mL-1 of Ge. The generation efficiency was found to be no better than 9 ± 2%. The PVG mechanism of Ge was investigated in this work. The new finding is useful for understanding the principle of PVG, and further exploring the analytical and environmental application of PVG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, College of Earth Sciences, Chengdu University of Technology, Sichuan, 610059, China
| | - Jiaju Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, College of Earth Sciences, Chengdu University of Technology, Sichuan, 610059, China
| | - Xinyi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, College of Earth Sciences, Chengdu University of Technology, Sichuan, 610059, China
| | - Jiangchuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, College of Earth Sciences, Chengdu University of Technology, Sichuan, 610059, China
| | - Ying Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, College of Earth Sciences, Chengdu University of Technology, Sichuan, 610059, China.
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3
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Li H, Huang J, Zhang P, Zhang Q. Investigation on tribological behaviors of biodegradable pure Zn and Zn-X (Li, Cu, Ge) binary alloys. J Mater Sci Mater Med 2021; 32:149. [PMID: 34862920 PMCID: PMC8643299 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-021-06625-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
As a potential biodegradable implant material, zinc (Zn) alloys have attracted increasing attention due to their good biocompatibility and moderate degradation rate. Zn and its alloys are expected to become candidate materials for medical devices. The metals implanted in the human body will inevitably undergo friction in the human body before it is completely degraded. Friction and wear are essential factors which may cause medical devices' service failure. However, there are still few studies on the friction and wear properties of biodegradable Zn-based alloys in the human body, and most studies just focus on the mechanical properties, degradation properties and biocompatibility of the alloys. Thus, it is crucial to study the friction and wear properties of Zn and its alloys. In the present work, we investigated the tribological properties of biodegradable pure Zn and Zn-X (Li, Cu, Ge) alloys. Our study found that under simulated body fluid and dry friction conditions, the addition of alloying elements Li and Cu can improve the friction properties of Zn. Among the four metals, Zn-0.5Li alloy has the lowest friction coefficient and the best wear resistance. Hank's solution has lubricating and corrosive effects. That is to say, when the alloy is rubbed in Hank's solution, it can not only be protected by the lubrication of the solution, but also tribocorrosion will occur as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huafang Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China.
- State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Jinyan Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
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4
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Jia H, Ding D, Hu J, Dai J, Yang J, Li G, Lou X, Xia F. AIEgen-Based Lifetime-Probes for Precise Furin Quantification and Identification of Cell Subtypes. Adv Mater 2021; 33:e2104615. [PMID: 34553420 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202104615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Biochemical sensing probes based on aggregation-induced-emission luminogens (AIEgens) are widely used in biological imaging and therapy, chemical sensing, and material sciences. However, it is still a great challenge to quantify the targets through fluorescence intensity of AIEgen probes due to their undesirable aggregations. Here, a PyTPA-ZGO probe with three lifetime signals for precise quantification of furin is constructed: the lifetime signal 1 and signal 2 comes from AIEgen PyTPA-P (τPn ) and inorganic nanoparticles Zn2 GeO4 :Mn2+ -NH2 (τZn ), respectively, while the lifetime signal 3 is marked as the composite dual-lifetime signal (CDLSn , C D L S n = τ Z n τ P n ). In contrast, the fluorescence intensity signal of PyTPA-P shows defectively quantitative performance. Furthermore, it is found that the CDLSn exhibits higher significant differences than the two other lifetime signals (τPn and τZn ) thanks to its wide range between the maximum and minimum signal values and small standard deviation. Therefore, CDLSn is further used to accurately identify cell subtypes based on the specific concentration of furin in each subtype. The lifetime criterion can realize precise quantification, and it should be a promising direction of AIEgen-based quantitative analysis in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Defang Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Jingjing Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Jun Dai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Juliang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Guogang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xiaoding Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Fan Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
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5
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Begum M, Rahman AKMM, Abdul-Rashid HA, Yusoff Z, Mat Nawi SN, Khandaker MU, Bradley DA. Photonic crystal fibre as a potential medium for radiotherapy dosimetry. Appl Radiat Isot 2021; 174:109771. [PMID: 34048992 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2021.109771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Present study concerns the key thermoluminescence (TL) properties of photonic crystal fibres (PCFs), seeking development of alternatively structured TL materials that are able to offer a advantages over existing passive dosimeters. In terms of their internal structure and light guiding properties the PCFs, collapsed and structured, differ significantly from that of conventional optical fibres. To investigate the dosimetric parameters of the PCFs use was made of a linear accelerator producing a 6 MV photon beam, delivering doses ranging from 0.5 Gy to 8 Gy. The parameters studied included TL response, linearity index, glow curves, relative sensitivity and TL signal fading, the results being compared against those obtained using TLD-100 chips. At 4 Gy photon dose the Ge-doped collapsed PCFs were found to provide a response 27 × that of structured PCF, also giving a TL yield similar to that of standard TLD-100 chips. Over post-irradiation periods of 15 and 30 days collapsed PCF TL signal fading were 8% and 17% respectively, with corresponding values of 37% and 64% for the structured PCF. Trapping parameters including the order of kinetics (b), activation energy (E) and frequency factor (s-1) were assessed with Chen's peak shape method. Lifetime of trapping centre was found to be (2.36 E+03) s and (9.03 E +01) s regarding the collapsed and structured PCF respectively with 6 Gy of photon beam. For the Ge-doped collapsed PCF, the high TL yield, sensitivity and low fading provide the basis of a highly promising system of TLD for radiotherapy applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahfuza Begum
- Health Physics & Radioactive Waste Management Unit, Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission, Ganakbari, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
| | - A K M Mizanur Rahman
- Health Physics Division, Atomic Energy Centre, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission, 4 Kazi Nazrul Islam Avenue, Shahbag, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - H A Abdul-Rashid
- Fiber Optics Research Centre, Faculty of Engineering, Multimedia University, Cyberjaya, Malaysia
| | - Z Yusoff
- Fiber Optics Research Centre, Faculty of Engineering, Multimedia University, Cyberjaya, Malaysia
| | - Siti Nurasiah Mat Nawi
- Centre for Applied Physics and Radiation Technologies, School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mayeen Uddin Khandaker
- Centre for Applied Physics and Radiation Technologies, School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - D A Bradley
- Centre for Applied Physics and Radiation Technologies, School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
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6
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Zeng X, Huang S, Ye Q, Rajagopalan P, Li W, Kuang H, Ye G, Chen C, Li M, Liu Y, Shi L, Guo Y, Lu X, Shi W, Luo J, Wang X. Controllable high-performance memristors based on 2D Fe 2GeTe 3oxide for biological synapse imitation. Nanotechnology 2021; 32:325205. [PMID: 33930891 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/abfd58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Memristors are an important component of the next-generation artificial neural network, high computing systems, etc. In the past, two-dimensional materials based memristors have achieved a high performance and low power consumption, though one at the cost of the other. Furthermore, their performance can not be modulated frequently once their structures are fixed, which remains the bottleneck in the development. Herein, a series of forming free memristors are fabricated with the same Cu/Fe3GeTe2oxide/Fe3GeTe2/Al structure, yet the On/Off ratio and set voltage is modulated continuously by varying the oxidation time during fabrication. With an optimal oxidation time, a large On/Off ratio (1.58 × 103) and low set voltage (0.74 V) is achieved in a single device. The formation and rapture of Al conductive filaments are found to be responsible for the memristors, and the filaments density and the cross-section area increase with the increase of current compliance, which achieves a higher On/Off ratio. The memristor can imitate basic biological synaptic functions using voltage pulses, demonstrating the potential for low-power consuming neuromorphic computing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Zeng
- College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuyi Huang
- College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Qikai Ye
- College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Pandey Rajagopalan
- College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Li
- College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Haoze Kuang
- College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Ge Ye
- Center for correlated matter and Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Chufan Chen
- Center for correlated matter and Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Menglu Li
- College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Yulu Liu
- College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Shi
- College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuzheng Guo
- School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Lu
- Center for correlated matter and Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenhua Shi
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Jikui Luo
- College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaozhi Wang
- College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
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7
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Gürel HH, Salmankurt B. Quantum Simulation of the Silicene and Germanene for Sensing and Sequencing of DNA/RNA Nucleobases. Biosensors (Basel) 2021; 11:59. [PMID: 33668284 PMCID: PMC7996300 DOI: 10.3390/bios11030059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Over the last decade, we have been witnessing the rise of two-dimensional (2D) materials. Several 2D materials with outstanding properties have been theoretically predicted and experimentally synthesized. 2D materials are good candidates for sensing and detecting various biomolecules because of their extraordinary properties, such as a high surface-to-volume ratio. Silicene and germanene are the monolayer honeycomb structures of silicon and germanium, respectively. Quantum simulations have been very effective in understanding the interaction mechanism of 2D materials and biomolecules and may play an important role in the development of effective and reliable biosensors. This article focuses on understanding the interaction of DNA/RNA nucleobases with silicene and germanane monolayers and obtaining the possibility of using silicene and germanane monolayers as a biosensor for DNA/RNA nucleobases' sequencing using the first principle of Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations with van der Waals (vdW) correction and nonequilibrium Green's function method. Guanine (G), Cytosine (C), Adenine (A), Thymine (T), and Uracil (U) were examined as the analytes. The strength of adsorption between the DNA/RNA nucleobases and silicene and germanane is G > C > A > T > U. Moreover, our recent work on the investigation of Au- and Li-decorated silicene and germanane for detection of DNA/RNA nucleobases is presented. Our results show that it is possible to get remarkable changes in transmittance due to the adsorption of nucleobases, especially for G, A, and C. These results indicate that silicene and germanene are both good candidates for the applications in fast sequencing devices for DNA/RNA nucleobases. Additionally, our present results have the potential to give insight into experimental studies and can be valuable for advancements in biosensing and nanobiotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hikmet Hakan Gürel
- Information Systems Engineering Department, Technology Faculty, Umuttepe Campus, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli 41001, Turkey;
| | - Bahadır Salmankurt
- Information Systems Engineering Department, Technology Faculty, Umuttepe Campus, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli 41001, Turkey;
- Department of Physics, Art and Science Faculty, Esentepe Campus, Sakarya University, Sakarya 54187, Turkey
- Remote Education Center, Sakarya University of Applied Sciences, Sakarya 54187, Turkey
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8
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Cheng X, Yang Z, Sun Y, Zheng W, Chen H, Liu Y, Wu Z. Synthesis and preliminary evaluation of a PET-FI bimodal imaging agent targeting estrogen receptor. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2021; 34:127776. [PMID: 33418064 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.127776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen receptor is an attractive target for the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer. This article reports for the first time a dual-modality imaging agent targeting estrogen receptor that can use PET imaging to diagnose breast cancer and utilize fluorescence imaging to achieve intraoperative navigation. Fluorescence experiments show that [natGa] 1 has typical aggregate induced emission characteristics. Above the critical concentration, [natGa] 1 can form biocompatible nanomicelles. [natGa] 1 can quickly light up estrogen receptor positive MCF-7 cells. Cell uptake experiments show that [68Ga] 1 is mediated by estrogen receptor. Therefore, [nat/68Ga] 1 shows the characteristics of highly sensitive diagnosis and visualization of breast cancer, and can be used as a lead compound for the development of a novel PET-FI bimodal imaging agent targeting the estrogen receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuebo Cheng
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Zequn Yang
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yuli Sun
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Hualong Chen
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yajing Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Zehui Wu
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
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9
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Estévez L, Queizán M, Mosquera RA, Guidi L, Lo Piccolo E, Landi M. First Characterization of the Formation of Anthocyanin-Ge and Anthocyanin-B Complexes through UV-Vis Spectroscopy and Density Functional Theory Quantum Chemical Calculations. J Agric Food Chem 2021; 69:1272-1282. [PMID: 33481589 PMCID: PMC7875511 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c06827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of anthocyanin (ACN) and metal (Me) complexes has been widely supported by many research works while the possibility that ACNs bind to metalloids (Mds) is yet to be proven. Here, metalloids (H3BO3 for B; GeO2 for Ge) were added to cyanidin-based solutions at pH 5, 6, and 7 and ACN-Md stoichiometric ratios of 1:1, 1:10, 1:100, and 1:500, and UV-vis transmittance spectroscopy as well as density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed to test this hypothesis. Ge and B addition caused bathochromic and hyperchromic shifts on ACN UV-vis spectra, particularly pronounced at pH 5 and a 1:500 (ACN:Md) ratio. ACN-Me complexation reactions have been evaluated where Ge showed a higher capability to bind to ACNs than B. Among the complexes envisioned, those labeled as b1, b2, and b3 feature UV-vis spectra compatible with experiments. The combination of experimental and computational data offers for the first time evidence of the formation of ACN-Md complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Estévez
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, University of Vigo, Lagoas-Marcosende s/n, 36310−Vigo, Galicia, Spain
- (L.E.)
| | - Marta Queizán
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, University of Vigo, Lagoas-Marcosende s/n, 36310−Vigo, Galicia, Spain
| | - Ricardo A. Mosquera
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, University of Vigo, Lagoas-Marcosende s/n, 36310−Vigo, Galicia, Spain
| | - Lucia Guidi
- Department
of Agriculture, Food and Environment. University
of Pisa, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Ermes Lo Piccolo
- Department
of Agriculture, Food and Environment. University
of Pisa, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Landi
- Department
of Agriculture, Food and Environment. University
of Pisa, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
- (M.L.)
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10
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Kurt MŞ, Arslan ME, Yazici A, Mudu İ, Arslan E. Tribological, biocompatibility, and antibiofilm properties of tungsten-germanium coating using magnetron sputtering. J Mater Sci Mater Med 2021; 32:6. [PMID: 33471227 PMCID: PMC7817579 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-020-06477-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, borosilicate glass and 316 L stainless steel were coated with germanium (Ge) and tungsten (W) metals using the Magnetron Sputtering System. Surface structural, mechanical, and tribological properties of uncoated and coated samples were examined using SEM, X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive spectroscopy, and tribometer. The XRD results showed that WGe2 chemical compound observed in (110) crystalline phase and exhibited a dense structure. According to the tribological analyses, the adhesion strength of the coated deposition on 316 L was obtained 32.8 N, and the mean coefficient of friction was around 0.3. Biocompatibility studies of coated metallic biomaterials were analyzed on fibroblast cell culture (Primary Dermal Fibroblast; Normal, Human, Adult (HDFa)) in vitro. Hoescht 33258 fluorescent staining was performed to investigate the cellular density and chromosomal abnormalities of the HDFa cell line on the borosilicate glasses coated with germanium-tungsten (W-Ge). Cell viabilities of HDFa cell line on each surface (W-Ge coated borosilicate glass, uncoated borosilicate glass, and cell culture plate surface) were analyzed by using (3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) cytotoxicity assay. The antibiofilm activity of W-Ge coated borosilicate glass showed a significant reduction effect on Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853) adherence compared to control groups. In the light of findings, tungsten and germanium, which are some of the most common industrial materials, were investigated as biocompatible and antimicrobial surface coatings and recommended as bio-implant materials for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Şükrü Kurt
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey.
| | - Mehmet Enes Arslan
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Faculty of Science, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ayşenur Yazici
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Faculty of Science, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - İlkan Mudu
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Faculty of Science, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Elif Arslan
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Faculty of Science, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
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11
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Uğur A, Yaylali O, Yüksel D. Examination of metallic impurities of 68Ge/68Ga generators used for radioactive labeling of peptides in clinical PET applications. Nucl Med Commun 2021; 42:81-85. [PMID: 33044398 DOI: 10.1097/mnm.0000000000001307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Especially suitable for PET due to its nuclear physical and radiochemical properties, the positron emitter Gallium-68 (Ga) occurs by electron capture from Germanium-68 (Ge). In such a radionuclide generator, the germanium is bound to an insoluble, inert column matrix and forms a secular radioactive balance with 68Ga obtained in the hour. As a result of the limited radiochemical selectivity of the elution process, the eluate obtained is basically contaminated with the main nuclide traces, so that the eluate becomes a mixture of Ga and Ge radionuclides. Also, the generator eluate contains a number to metal cations that reduce specific radioactivity and can compete with 68Ga. The presence of toxic metal that can be found in the eluate carries the risks of contamination at every step from the production of generators to radiopharmaceutical production. MATERIALS AND METHOD In our study, by collecting the eluate of the Ge/Ga generators used with different identities in different centers in Turkey, we report comparative analysis of metal contamination in the generator eluate. The eluates of 68Ge/68Ga generators to five different identities were collected. Eluates were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION As a result, each generator contains metallic impurities different from its certificate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayşe Uğur
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Education and Research Hospital
| | - Olga Yaylali
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Doğangün Yüksel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
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12
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Shimada Y, Sato K, Masaki M, Nakamura T, Tokuji Y. Quantitative assessment of the interactions between the organogermanium compound and saccharides using an NMR reporter molecule. Carbohydr Res 2020; 499:108199. [PMID: 33272559 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2020.108199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Poly-trans-[(2-carboxyethyl)germasesquioxane], Ge-132, is a water-soluble organogermanium compound reported to have physiological effects such as immunostimulatory and antiviral effects. The hydrolysate of Ge-132, 3-(trihydroxygermyl)propanoic acid (THGP), can interact with diols; therefore, it likely can interact with diol-containing sugars in sugar chains, glycoproteins, and glycolipids, which have important physiological functions. In this study, we quantitatively assessed the ability of THGP to interact with saccharides using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and THGP derivatives. THGP was complexed by binding its trihydroxy group with saccharides in aqueous solutions via the cis-diol group rather than the trans-diol group. The spectra of THGP and monosaccharides indicated that THGP has a higher affinity for ketose than aldose. Moreover, the complexation ability between THGP and saccharides was influenced by the number of cis-diol groups on the saccharide structure. Thus, interactions of THGP with important biological sugars might be involved in the physiological functions of Ge-132.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Shimada
- Asai Germanium Research Institute Co., Ltd., Suzuranoka, Hakodate, Hokkaido 042-0958, Japan; The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Iwate University, Ueda, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan.
| | - Katsuyuki Sato
- Asai Germanium Research Institute Co., Ltd., Suzuranoka, Hakodate, Hokkaido 042-0958, Japan.
| | - Mika Masaki
- Asai Germanium Research Institute Co., Ltd., Suzuranoka, Hakodate, Hokkaido 042-0958, Japan.
| | - Takashi Nakamura
- Asai Germanium Research Institute Co., Ltd., Suzuranoka, Hakodate, Hokkaido 042-0958, Japan.
| | - Yoshihiko Tokuji
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Iwate University, Ueda, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan; Department of Food Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan.
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13
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McDowell SAC, Wang R, Li Q. Interactions in Model Ionic Dyads and Triads Containing Tetrel Atoms. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25184197. [PMID: 32937741 PMCID: PMC7570900 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25184197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The interactions in model ionic YTX3···Z (Y = NC, F, Cl, Br; X = F, Cl, Br, Z = F-, Cl-, Br-, Li+) dyads containing the tetrel atoms, T = C, Si, Ge, were studied using ab initio computational methods, including an energy decomposition analysis, which found that the YTX3 molecules were stabilized by both anions (via tetrel bonding) and cations (via polarization). For the tetrel-bonded dyads, both the electrostatic and polarization forces make comparable contributions to the binding in the C-containing dyads, whereas, electrostatic forces are by far the largest contributor to the binding in the Si- and Ge-containing analogues. Model metastable Li+···NCTCl3···F- (T = C, Si, Ge) triads were found to be lower in energy than the combined energy of the Li+ + NCTCl3 + F- fragments. The pair energies and cooperative energies for these highly polar triads were also computed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean A. C. McDowell
- Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Cave Hill Campus, The University of the West Indies, P.O. Box 64, Bridgetown BB11000, Barbados
- Correspondence: (S.A.C.M.); (Q.L.)
| | - Ruijing Wang
- The Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China;
| | - Qingzhong Li
- The Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China;
- Correspondence: (S.A.C.M.); (Q.L.)
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14
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Bulyhina TV, Zdorovenko EL, Varbanets LD, Shashkov AS, Kadykova AA, Knirel YA, Lushchak OV. Structure of O-Polysaccharide and Lipid A of Pantoea Agglomerans 8488. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E804. [PMID: 32456025 PMCID: PMC7277085 DOI: 10.3390/biom10050804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Pantoea agglomerans 8488 lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was isolated, purified and characterized by monosaccharide and fatty acid analysis. The O-polysaccharide and lipid A components of the LPS were separated by mild acid degradation. Lipid A was studied by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and found to consist of hexa-, penta-, tetra- and tri-acylated species. Two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy revealed the following structure of the O-polysaccharide repeating unit →3)-α-L-Rhap-(1→6)-α-D-Manp-(1→3)-α-L-Fucp-(1→3)-β-D-GlcNAcp-(1→. The LPS showed a low level of toxicity, was not pyrogenic, and reduced the adhesiveness index of microorganisms to 2.12, which was twofold less than the control. LPS modified by complex compounds of germanium (IV) and tin (IV) were obtained. It was found that six LPS samples modified by Sn compounds and two LPS samples modified by Ge compounds lost their toxic activity when administered to mice in a dose of LD50 (105 µg/mice or 5 mg/kg). However, none of the modified LPS samples changed their serological activity in an Ouchterlony double immunodiffusion test in agar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetiana V. Bulyhina
- D.K. Zabolotny Institute of Microbiology and Virology (IMV), The National Academy of Sciences, 154 Zabolotnoho Str., 03143 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Evelina L. Zdorovenko
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia; (E.L.Z.); (L.D.V.); (A.S.S.); (Y.A.K.)
| | - Ludmila D. Varbanets
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia; (E.L.Z.); (L.D.V.); (A.S.S.); (Y.A.K.)
| | - Alexander S. Shashkov
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia; (E.L.Z.); (L.D.V.); (A.S.S.); (Y.A.K.)
| | - Alexandra A. Kadykova
- Higher Chemical College of the Russian Academy of Sciences, D.I. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Moscow 125047, Russia;
| | - Yuriy A. Knirel
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia; (E.L.Z.); (L.D.V.); (A.S.S.); (Y.A.K.)
| | - Oleh V. Lushchak
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Natural Sciences Institute, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 76018 Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine;
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15
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Song CL, Kazarian SG. Micro ATR-FTIR spectroscopic imaging of colon biopsies with a large area Ge crystal. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2020; 228:117695. [PMID: 31753650 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.117695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A new large-area germanium ATR crystal is utilised with an FTIR microscope to improve the acquired images of de-paraffinized colon biopsy sections, without recourse to a synchrotron source. The large crystal (⌀ = 28 mm) offers significant improvements compared to slide-on small germanium crystal (⌀ = 3.5 mm); for example, it facilitates more uniform distribution of higher signal intensity within the field of view and more rapid acquisition time. Mapping of a larger sample area up to ca. 350 × 350 μm2 with this new set-up, coupled with imaging using an FPA detector, is demonstrated for the first time on biological specimens. The performance of k-means clustering algorithm applied to classify the different anatomical structures of the colon biopsies is greatly improved with mapping. Comparison of H&E stained adjacent tissue sections with false-colour k-means images strongly support differentiation of five distinct regions within tissues. The efficiency of the methodology to categorise colon tissues at various stages of malignancy is analysed via multivariate chemometrics. The second derivative spectra extracted from the crypt region of the colon were subjected to Partial Least Squares classification. Good separation between data in clusters occurs when projecting spectra on a PLS score plot on a plane made by the first 3 principal components. Important spectral biomarkers for colon malignancy classification were identified to exist mostly in the fingerprint region of the FTIR spectrum based on the chemometrics analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai Li Song
- Department of Chemical Engineering, South Kensington Campus, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Sergei G Kazarian
- Department of Chemical Engineering, South Kensington Campus, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom.
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16
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Wang RH, Zhu CL, Wang LL, Xu LZ, Wang WL, Yang C, Zhang Y. Dual-modal aptasensor for the detection of isocarbophos in vegetables. Talanta 2019; 205:120094. [PMID: 31450466 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.06.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
An aptamer-based colorimetric-phosphorescent assay was developed for the detection of isocarbophos. The colorimetric assay relied on the aggregation of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) caused by the competitive binding of aptamer between isocarbophos and AuNPs in the presence of a high salt concentration. The further addition of persistent luminescence nanorods (PLNRs) into the system showed the phosphorescence sensitively proportional to the concentration of isocarbophos, due to the inner filter effect between PLNRs and AuNPs. The assay showed good linearity within 50-500 μg/L and 5-160 μg/L, and limit of detection of 7.1 μg/L and 0.54 μg/L in colorimetry and phosphorescence mode, respectively. The feasibility of this approach for food analysis was demonstrated with the sensitive and selective determination of isocarbophos residues in vegetables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Hua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Institute of Analytical Food Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Cheng-Long Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Institute of Analytical Food Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Ling-Ling Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Institute of Analytical Food Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Li-Zhi Xu
- Institute of Analytical Food Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Wen-Long Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Institute of Analytical Food Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Cheng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Institute of Analytical Food Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Institute of Analytical Food Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
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17
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Mokhtari S, Krull EA, Sanders LM, Coughlan A, Mellott NP, Gong Y, Borges R, Wren AW. Investigating the effect of germanium on the structure of SiO 2-ZnO-CaO-SrO-P 2O 5 glasses and the subsequent influence on glass polyalkenoate cement formation, solubility and bioactivity. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl 2019; 103:109843. [PMID: 31349461 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.109843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A series of germanium (Ge)-containing glasses were synthesized based on a starting glass composition of SiO2-ZnO-CaO-SrO-P2O5. Additions of GeO2 (6 and 12 mol%) were incorporated at the expense of SiO2, which retained the amorphous character, and each glass was processed to present similar particle size and surface area. Glass characterization using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (MAS-NMR) determined that the addition of GeO2 increased the fraction of lower Q-speciation and subsequently the concentration of non-bridging oxygens (NBO). Glass Polyalkenoate Cements (GPC) were formulated from each glass with 40, 50 and 60 wt% PAA, and presented time dependent solubility profiles (1, 10, 100, 1000 h) for the release of Si4+ (4-140 mg/l), Ca2+ (1-8 mg/l), Zn2+ (<6 mg/l), Sr2+ (2-37 mg/l), PO43- (2-43 mg/l) and Ge4+ (20-911 mg/l) and attained pH values close to 7.5 after 1000 h. Ge-GPCs containing 40 wt% polyacrylic acid (PAA) presented appropriate working time (Tw) and setting times (Ts), and the corresponding compressive strengths ranged from (14-30 MPa). The Ge-GPCs (40, 50 wt%) presented a linear increase (R2-0.99) with respect to time. Simulated Body Fluid (SBF) testing resulted in the Ge-GPCs encouraging the precipitation of crystalline hydroxyapatite on the GPC surface, more evidently after 100 and 1000 h incubation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mokhtari
- Kazuo Inamori School of Engineering, Alfred University, Alfred, NY, USA
| | - E A Krull
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - L M Sanders
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - A Coughlan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - N P Mellott
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Y Gong
- Kazuo Inamori School of Engineering, Alfred University, Alfred, NY, USA
| | - R Borges
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Universidad Federal do ABC, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - A W Wren
- Kazuo Inamori School of Engineering, Alfred University, Alfred, NY, USA.
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18
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Rais NNM, Bradley DA, Hashim A, Isa NM, Osman ND, Ismail I, Hassan HA, Noor NM. Dosimetric response of fabricated Ge-doped optical fibres in computed tomography RQT beam quality x-ray beams. J Radiol Prot 2019; 39:N8-N18. [PMID: 31018196 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6498/ab1c16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Novel germanium (Ge)-doped silica glass fibres tailor-made in Malaysia are fast gaining recognition as potential media for thermoluminescence (TL) dosimetry, with active research ongoing into exploitation of their various beneficial characteristics. Investigation is made herein of the capability of these media for use in diagnostic imaging dosimetry, specifically at the radiation dose levels typically obtained in conduct of Computed Tomography (CT). As a first step within such efforts, there is need to investigate the performance of the fibres using tightly defined spectra, use being made of a Philips constant potential industrial x-ray facility, Model MG165, located at the Malaysian Nuclear Agency Secondary Standards Dosimetry Lab (SSDL). Standard radiation beam qualities (termed RQT) have been established for CT, in accord with IEC 61267: 2003 and IAEA Technical Reports Series No. 457: 2007. A calibrated ionisation chamber has also been utilised, forming a component part of the SSDL equipment. The fabricated fibres used in this study are 2.3 mol% flat fibre (FF) of dimensions 643 × 356 μm2 and 2.3 mol% cylindrical fibre (CF) of 481 μm diameter, while the commercial fibre used is 4 mol% with core diameter of 50 μm. The dopant concentrations are nominal preform values. The fibres have been irradiated to doses of 20, 30 and 40 milligray (mGy) for each of the beam qualities RQT 8, RQT 9 and RQT 10. For x-rays generated at constant potential values from 100 to 150 kV, a discernible energy-dependent response is seen, comparisons being made with that of lithium fluoride (LiF) thermoluminescence dosimeters (TLD-100). TL yield versus dose has also been investigated for x-ray doses from 2 to 40 mGy, all exhibiting linearity. Compared to TLD-100, greater sensitivity is observed for the fibres.
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Affiliation(s)
- N N M Rais
- Department of Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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19
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Feng Y, Phipps MD, Phelps TE, Okoye NC, Baumeister JE, Wycoff DE, Dorman EF, Wooten AL, Vlasenko V, Berendzen AF, Wilbur DS, Hoffman TJ, Cutler CS, Ketring AR, Jurisson SS. Evaluation of 72Se/ 72As generator and production of 72Se for supplying 72As as a potential PET imaging radionuclide. Appl Radiat Isot 2019; 143:113-122. [PMID: 30408634 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2018.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Positron-emitting 72As is the PET imaging counterpart for beta-emitting 77As. Its parent, no carrier added (n.c.a.) 72Se, was produced for a 72Se/72As generator by irradiating an enriched 7°Ge metal-graphite target via the 70Ge(α, 2 n)72Se reaction. Target dissolution used a fast, environmentally friendly method with 93% radioactivity recovery. Chromatographic parameters of the 72Se/72As generator were evaluated, the eluted n.c.a. 72As was characterized with a phantom imaging study, and the previously reported trithiol and aryl-dithiol ligand systems were radiolabeled with the separated n.c.a. 72As in high yield.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Alan R Ketring
- University of Missouri Research Reactor Center, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Silvia S Jurisson
- University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; University of Missouri Research Reactor Center, Columbia, MO, USA.
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20
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Kamran Haghighi H, Irannajad M, Fortuny A, Sastre AM. Mathematical modeling on non-dispersive extraction of germanium from aqueous solutions using Aliquat 336. Water Sci Technol 2018; 78:2489-2499. [PMID: 30767914 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2019.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the mathematical modeling of the facilitated transport of germanium (non-dispersive extraction) through a flat sheet membrane with an Aliquat 336 carrier was described. The flat sheet supported liquid membrane (FSSLM) experiments were performed under conditions germanium ≈ 100 mg/L, tartaric acid concentration of 2.76 mmol/L, and carrier concentrations of 2.5-10%v/v. The extraction equilibrium, mass transfer, and diffusion equations based on Fick's law were the principles of modeling. Modeling was carried out by programming in Matlab mathematical software to obtain the extraction (Kex) and mass transfer constants (Km) as the objective parameters. According to the model resolution, Kex and Km were found to be 0.178 and 9.25 × 10-2 cm/s, respectively. The correlation coefficients between model and experimental data relating to the Aliquat 336 concentrations of 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10%v/v were found as 0.96, 0.98, 0.99, and 0.92. The parameters of root mean square error, bias, and scatter index showed the model accuracy. In addition, diffusion coefficients relating to Aliquat 336 concentrations of 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10%v/v were calculated using mass transfer coefficients to be 2.4 × 10-4, 2.23 × 10-4, 1.91 × 10-4, and 1.79 × 10-4 cm2/s, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Kamran Haghighi
- Department of Mining and Metallurgy, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran E-mail:
| | - Mehdi Irannajad
- Department of Mining and Metallurgy, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran E-mail:
| | - Agustin Fortuny
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, EPSEVG, Av. Víctor Balaguer s/n, 08800 Vilanova i la Geltrú, Spain
| | - Ana Maria Sastre
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, ESTEIB, Av. Diagonal 647, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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Abstract
Complex formation and precipitation of germanium by a well-characterized hydrolyzable tannin, 1,2,3,4,6-penta- O-galloyl-β-d-glucose (PGG), was studied in this work. Two simple phenolic compounds, methyl gallate and gallic acid, were also used for comparison purposes. The influence of pH on the stoichiometry and conditional association constants (log K) of the germanium complexes was investigated. UV-visible spectroscopy showed the successive formation of GePGG and Ge2PGG at pH 6.0 and of GePGG at pH 4.0. The results of the precipitation experiments indicated that germanium precipitation was influenced by organic solvents, pH values, the germanium/PGG ratio, and the presence of zinc. Acetone had the biggest effect on the solubility of these complexes, and lower pH values favored the precipitation of the complex. The results showed that a germanium/PGG ratio of more than 3:1 was essential for precipitation. Furthermore, the presence of zinc ions in the solution decreased the precipitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Biomass Energy and Materials Laboratory , Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF , Nanjing 210042 , China
| | - Yuchen Liu
- Jiangsu Province Biomass Energy and Materials Laboratory , Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF , Nanjing 210042 , China
| | - Xinyu Hu
- Jiangsu Province Biomass Energy and Materials Laboratory , Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF , Nanjing 210042 , China
| | - Yongmei Wang
- Jiangsu Province Biomass Energy and Materials Laboratory , Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF , Nanjing 210042 , China
| | - Man Xu
- Jiangsu Province Biomass Energy and Materials Laboratory , Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF , Nanjing 210042 , China
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Krasilin AA, Volodina K, Sukhova AA, Petrov MI, Zuev DA, Dyachuk VA, Milichko VA. The conformation of bovine serum albumin adsorbed to the surface of single all-dielectric nanoparticles following light-induced heating. J Biophotonics 2018; 11:e201700322. [PMID: 29488694 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201700322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Interaction between nanoparticles and biomolecules leads to the formation of biocompatible or bioadverse complexes. Despite the rapid development of nanotechnologies for biology and medicine, relatively little is known about the structure of such complexes. Here, we report on the changes in conformation of a blood protein (bovine serum albumin) adsorbed on the surface of single all-dielectric nanoparticles (silicon and germanium) following light-induced heating to 640 K. This protein is considerably more resistant to heat when adsorbed on the nanoparticle than when in solution or in the solid state. Intriguingly, with germanium nanoparticles this heat resistance is more pronounced than with silicon. These observations will facilitate biocompatible usage of all-dielectric nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei A Krasilin
- Department of Nanophotonics and Metamaterials, ITMO University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Katerina Volodina
- Department of Nanophotonics and Metamaterials, ITMO University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Arina A Sukhova
- Department of Nanophotonics and Metamaterials, ITMO University, St. Petersburg, Russia
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Mihail I Petrov
- Department of Nanophotonics and Metamaterials, ITMO University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Dmitry A Zuev
- Department of Nanophotonics and Metamaterials, ITMO University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Vyacheslav A Dyachuk
- Department of Nanophotonics and Metamaterials, ITMO University, St. Petersburg, Russia
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Valentin A Milichko
- Department of Nanophotonics and Metamaterials, ITMO University, St. Petersburg, Russia
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23
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Binder M, Schrenk C, Block T, Pöttgen R, Schnepf A. LiGe(SiMe₃)₃: A New Substituent for the Synthesis of Metalloid Tin Clusters from Metastable Sn(I) Halide Solutions. Molecules 2018; 23:E1022. [PMID: 29701712 PMCID: PMC6102580 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23051022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The most fruitful synthetic route to metalloid tin clusters applies the disproportionation reaction of metastable Sn(I) halide solutions, whereby Si(SiMe₃)₃ is mostly used as the stabilizing substituent. Here, we describe the synthesis and application of the slightly modified substituent Ge(SiMe₃)₃, which can be used for the synthesis of metalloid tin clusters to give the neutral cluster Sn10[Ge(SiMe₃)₃]₆ as well as the charged clusters {Sn10[Ge(SiMe₃)₃]₅}− and {Sn10[Ge(SiMe₃)₃]₄}2−. The obtained metalloid clusters are structurally similar to their Si(SiMe₃)₃ derivatives. However, differences with respect to the stability in solution are observed. Additionally, a different electronic situation for the tin atoms is realized as shown by 119mSn Mössbauer spectroscopy, giving further insight into the different kinds of tin atoms within the metalloid cluster {Sn10[Ge(SiMe₃)₃]₄}2−. The synthesis of diverse derivatives gives the opportunity to check the influence of the substituent for further investigations of metalloid tin cluster compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mareike Binder
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Claudio Schrenk
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Theresa Block
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 30, D-48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Rainer Pöttgen
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 30, D-48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Andreas Schnepf
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany.
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Abstract
We demonstrate the use of germanium (Ge) films as water-soluble features that allow the patterning of proteins onto surfaces with commonly used organic solvents. This technique is scalable for manufacturing and is compatible with nano- and microfabrication processes, including standard lithography. We use Ge as a sacrificial layer to mask and protect areas of the substrate during surface functionalization. Since Ge dissolves in 0.35% hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in water but not in organic solvents, Ge can be removed after patterning without significantly affecting protein activities. In this paper, we present examples of protein patterning with two different techniques. We show that 50 nm thick Ge layers can be completely removed in 10 min without residues and, importantly, nanoscale resolution and misalignment can be achieved with conventional photolithography equipment. Both biotin and streptavidin maintain ~80% and >50% activity after 10 min and 360 min incubation in 0.35% H2O2, respectively. Lastly, the process can be used to functionalize sidewalls with proteins, a capability of recent interest for cell-cell adhesion studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bochao Lu
- UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Michel M. Maharbiz
- UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States of America
- Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States of America
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
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25
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Lukyanchuk V, Kravets D, Litvinenko D. STUDY OF PHARMACOMETRIC INDEXES OF DOSING REGIMEN OF ANTIHYPOXANT OKAGERM-4. Georgian Med News 2017:144-147. [PMID: 29227274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In series of pharmacometrics research by determination of an optimum model of dosing is established that introduction of OKAGERM-4 in a dose of 96.8 mg/kg administered 40 minutes before the start of hypoxic damage realizes in maximum increase of estimated life expectancy of animals in hermetically sealed containers (65.57 min), ensuring a maximum effect of potential pharmacotherapeutic remedy - tartaric acid-based coordination compound of germanium with manganese. Thus, the results of pharmacometric research aimed to develop dosing regimen of OKAGERM-4 may be the base for future episodes of its pre-clinical study.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Lukyanchuk
- International Classical University named after Pilip Orlik, Nikolaev; A. Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv; SI "Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology AMS of Ukraine", Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - D Kravets
- International Classical University named after Pilip Orlik, Nikolaev; A. Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv; SI "Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology AMS of Ukraine", Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - D Litvinenko
- International Classical University named after Pilip Orlik, Nikolaev; A. Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv; SI "Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology AMS of Ukraine", Kyiv, Ukraine
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26
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Rozaila ZS, Khandaker MU, Abdul Sani SF, Sabtu SN, Amin YM, Maah MJ, Bradley DA. Environmental monitoring through use of silica-based TLD. J Radiol Prot 2017; 37:761-779. [PMID: 28581438 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6498/aa770e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The sensitivity of a novel silica-based fibre-form thermoluminescence dosimeter was tested off-site of a rare-earths processing plant, investigating the potential for obtaining baseline measurements of naturally occurring radioactive materials. The dosimeter, a Ge-doped collapsed photonic crystal fibre (PCFc) co-doped with B, was calibrated against commercially available thermoluminescent dosimetry (TLD) (TLD-200 and TLD-100) using a bremsstrahlung (tube-based) x-ray source. Eight sampling sites within 1 to 20 km of the perimeter of the rare-earth facility were identified, the TLDs (silica- as well as TLD-200 and TLD-100) in each case being buried within the soil at fixed depth, allowing measurements to be obtained, in this case for protracted periods of exposure of between two to eight months. The values of the dose were then compared against values projected on the basis of radioactivity measurements of the associated soils, obtained via high-purity germanium gamma-ray spectrometry. Accord was found in relative terms between the TL evaluations at each site and the associated spectroscopic results. Thus said, in absolute terms, the TL evaluated doses were typically less than those derived from gamma-ray spectroscopy, by ∼50% in the case of PCFc-Ge. Gamma spectrometry analysis typically provided an upper limit to the projected dose, and the Marinelli beaker contents were formed from sieving to provide a homogenous well-packed medium. However, with the radioactivity per unit mass typically greater for smaller particles, with preferential adsorption on the surface and the surface area per unit volume increasing with decrease in radius, this made for an elevated dose estimate. Prevailing concentrations of key naturally occurring radionuclides in soil, 226Ra, 232Th and 40K, were also determined, together with radiological dose evaluation. To date, the area under investigation, although including a rare-earth processing facility, gives no cause for concern from radiological impact. The current study reveals the suitability of the optical fibre based micro-dosimeter for all-weather monitoring of low-level environmental radioactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Siti Rozaila
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
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27
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Abstract
A rationalized strategy to optimize transition-metal-oxide-based redox catalysts for water splitting and syngas generation through a hybrid solar-redox process is proposed and validated. Monometallic transition metal oxides do not possess desirable properties for water splitting; however, density functional theory calculations indicate that the redox properties of perovskite-structured BaMnx Fe1-x O3-δ can be varied by changing the B-site cation compositions. Specifically, BaMn0.5 Fe0.5 O3-δ is projected to be suitable for the hybrid solar-redox process. Experimental studies confirm such predictions, demonstrating 90 % steam-to-hydrogen conversion in water splitting and over 90 % syngas yield in the methane partial-oxidation step after repeated redox cycles. Compared to state-of-the-art solar-thermal water-splitting catalysts, the rationally designed redox catalyst reported is capable of splitting water at a significantly lower temperature and with ten-fold increase in steam-to-hydrogen conversion. Process simulations indicate the potential to operate the hybrid solar-redox process at a higher efficiency than state-of-the-art hydrogen and liquid-fuel production processes with 70 % lower CO2 emissions for hydrogen production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasudev Pralhad Haribal
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7905, USA
| | - Feng He
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7905, USA
| | - Amit Mishra
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7905, USA
| | - Fanxing Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7905, USA
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Wiche O, Tischler D, Fauser C, Lodemann J, Heilmeier H. Effects of citric acid and the siderophore desferrioxamine B (DFO-B) on the mobility of germanium and rare earth elements in soil and uptake in Phalaris arundinacea. Int J Phytoremediation 2017; 19:746-754. [PMID: 28156129 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2017.1284752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Effects of citric acid and desferrioxamine B (DFO-B) on the availability of Ge and selected rare earth elements (REEs) (La, Nd, Gd, Er) to Phalaris arundinacea were investigated. A soil dissolution experiment was conducted to elucidate the effect of citric acid and DFO-B at different concentrations (1 and 10 mmol L-1 citric acid) on the release of Ge and REEs from soil. In a greenhouse, plants of P. arundinacea were cultivated on soil and on sand cultures to investigate the effects of citric acid and DFO-B on the uptake of Ge and REEs by the plants. Addition of 10 mmol L-1 citric acid significantly enhanced desorption of Ge and REEs from soil and uptake into soil-grown plants. Applying DFO-B enhanced the dissolution and the uptake of REEs, while no effect on Ge was observed. In sand cultures, the presence of citric acid and DFO-B significantly decreased the uptake of Ge and REEs, indicating a discrimination of the formed complexes during uptake. This study clearly indicates that citric acid and the microbial siderophore DFO-B may enhance phytoextraction of Ge and REEs due to the formation of soluble complexes that increase the migration of elements in the rhizosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Wiche
- a Institute for Biosciences, Biology/Ecology Group, TU Bergakademie Freiberg , Freiberg , Germany
- b Interdisciplinary Environmental Centre, TU Bergakademie Freiberg , Freiberg , Germany
| | - Dirk Tischler
- b Interdisciplinary Environmental Centre, TU Bergakademie Freiberg , Freiberg , Germany
- c Institute for Biosciences, Environmental Microbiology Group, BakSolEx, TU Bergakademie Freiberg , Freiberg , Germany
| | - Carla Fauser
- a Institute for Biosciences, Biology/Ecology Group, TU Bergakademie Freiberg , Freiberg , Germany
| | - Jana Lodemann
- a Institute for Biosciences, Biology/Ecology Group, TU Bergakademie Freiberg , Freiberg , Germany
| | - Hermann Heilmeier
- a Institute for Biosciences, Biology/Ecology Group, TU Bergakademie Freiberg , Freiberg , Germany
- b Interdisciplinary Environmental Centre, TU Bergakademie Freiberg , Freiberg , Germany
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29
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Lin Z, Hu R, Zhou J, Ye Y, Xu Z, Lin C. A further insight into the adsorption mechanism of protein on hydroxyapatite by FTIR-ATR spectrometry. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2017; 173:527-531. [PMID: 27744063 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2016.09.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The adsorption mechanism of bovine serum albumin (BSA) on hydroxyapatite (HA) for different time intervals has been studied by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR)-attenuated total internal reflectance (ATR) spectrometry in this paper. The difference spectra obtained in HA and BSA frequency regions demonstrate that the binding of PO, from the phosphate (PO43-) of HA, to the hydrogen of methyl (-CH3), methene (-CH2) and amideII (-CNH) in the protein appears to be much faster and stronger than that of the PO group. In addition, Ca2+ must serve as a key role in the interaction of BSA with HA. The binding of Ca2+ to the oxygen of the peptide bond seems to induce a significant reconformation of polypeptide backbones from β-pleated sheet to α-helix and β-turn of helical circles. This alteration seems to have been accompanied by much hydrogen of polypeptides driven to bind PO43- and OH- of the HA actively and much -C=O and HN groups of the peptide bond freed from inter-chain hydrogen bonding to react on Ca2+ and combine strongly with the HA surface. This might be well expected to promote the HA biomineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyu Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, PR China.
| | - Ren Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, PR China
| | - Jianzhang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, PR China
| | - Yiwen Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, PR China
| | - Zhaoxi Xu
- Xiamen A ER TE System Engineering CO., LTD, Xiamen 361005, PR China
| | - Changjian Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, PR China
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30
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Vonk V, Pontoni D, Cremers M, Kerkenaar A, Bode AAC, Szweryn W, Nowak G, de Jong AEF, Dosch H, Vlieg E. Observation of Ultrathin Precursor Film Formation during Ge-Si Liquid-Phase Epitaxy from an Undersaturated Solution. Langmuir 2017; 33:814-819. [PMID: 27995791 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b03984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Our in situ X-ray study shows that a silicon substrate in contact with an undersaturated In(Ge) solution is wetted by an approximately 1 nm thin germanium film, which does not grow any thicker. The results can be understood by the use of thickness-dependent correlated interfacial energies. This near-equilibrium heterogeneous interface structure marks the initial stage of crystal growth before the formation of bulk material, which can only form under conditions of supersaturation. This finding uncovers a fundamental aspect of the thermodynamics at solid-liquid interfaces relevant for understanding the transition from equilibrium to supersaturation and is of importance for nanoscale solution growth methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vedran Vonk
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen , Nijmegen 6525AJ, The Netherlands
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY) , Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | - Diego Pontoni
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility , Grenoble 38000, France
| | - Melissa Cremers
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen , Nijmegen 6525AJ, The Netherlands
| | - Anne Kerkenaar
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen , Nijmegen 6525AJ, The Netherlands
| | - Arno A C Bode
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen , Nijmegen 6525AJ, The Netherlands
| | - Wiesiek Szweryn
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen , Nijmegen 6525AJ, The Netherlands
| | - Gregor Nowak
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY) , Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | | | - Helmut Dosch
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY) , Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | - Elias Vlieg
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen , Nijmegen 6525AJ, The Netherlands
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31
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Abstract
Bismuth germanate (BGO) was a very attractive scintillator in early-generation positron emission tomography (PET) scanners. However, the major disadvantages of BGO are lower light yield and longer rise and decay time compared to currently popular scintillators such as LSO and LYSO. This results in poorer coincidence timing resolution and it has generally been assumed that BGO is not a suitable scintillator for time-of-flight (TOF) PET applications. However, when a 511 keV photon interacts in a scintillator, a number of Cerenkov photons are produced promptly by energetic electrons released by photoelectric or Compton interactions. If these prompt photons can be captured, they could provide a better timing trigger for PET. Since BGO has a high refractive index (increasing the Cerenkov light yield) and excellent optical transparency down to 320 nm (Cerenkov light yield is higher at shorter wavelengths), we hypothesized that the coincidence timing resolution of BGO can be significantly improved by efficient detection of the Cerenkov photons. However, since the number of Cerenkov photons is far less than the number of scintillation photons, and they are more abundant in the UV and blue part of the spectrum, photosensors need to have high UV/blue sensitivity, fast temporal response, and very low noise in order to trigger on the faint Cerenkov signal. In this respect, NUV-HD silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) (FBK, Trento, Italy) are an excellent fit for our approach. In this study, coincidence events were measured using BGO crystals coupled with NUV-HD SiPMs. The existence and influence of Cerenkov photons on the timing measurements were studied using different configurations to exploit the directionality of the Cerenkov emissions. Coincidence resolving time values (FWHM) of ~270 ps from 2 × 3 × 2 mm3 BGO crystals and ~560 ps from 3 × 3 × 20 mm3 BGO crystals were obtained. To our knowledge, these are the best coincidence resolving time values reported for BGO to date. With these values, BGO can be considered as a relevant scintillator for TOF PET scanners, especially if photodetectors with even better near UV/blue response can be developed to further improve the efficiency of Cerenkov light detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Il Kwon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | | | | | | | - Simon R. Cherry
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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32
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Zhou X, Chen L, Wan G, Chen Y, Kong Q, Chen H, Shi J. Low Pt-Loaded Mesoporous Sodium Germanate as a High-Performance Electrocatalyst for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction. ChemSusChem 2016; 9:2337-2342. [PMID: 27539826 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201600785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2016] [Revised: 07/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Although Pt/C catalysts show relatively high activities for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and great potential for use in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells, the large amount of Pt required and the poor stability of Pt/C-based catalysts remain big challenges. Herein, mesoporous Na4 Ge9 O20 micro-crystals have been successfully synthesized to serve as a new kind of electrocatalyst support owing to its special structural characteristics and high structural stability. After loading a low amount of Pt (5 wt %) nanoparticles of 2-5 nm in diameter, the obtained mesoporous Pt/Na4 Ge9 O20 composite shows not only high electrocatalytic activity for ORR in both acidic and alkaline electrolyte media, which are comparable to those of conventional 20 wt % Pt/C, but also remarkably enhanced Pt mass-specified ORR current density and durability. Synergetic catalytic effects between loaded Pt and the support for the ORR activity has been proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructures, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Science, No. 1295 Ding-xi Road, Shanghai, 200050, P.R. China
| | - Lisong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructures, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Science, No. 1295 Ding-xi Road, Shanghai, 200050, P.R. China
| | - Gang Wan
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructures, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Science, No. 1295 Ding-xi Road, Shanghai, 200050, P.R. China
| | - Yu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructures, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Science, No. 1295 Ding-xi Road, Shanghai, 200050, P.R. China
| | - Qinglu Kong
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructures, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Science, No. 1295 Ding-xi Road, Shanghai, 200050, P.R. China
| | - Hangrong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructures, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Science, No. 1295 Ding-xi Road, Shanghai, 200050, P.R. China.
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials.
| | - Jianlin Shi
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructures, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Science, No. 1295 Ding-xi Road, Shanghai, 200050, P.R. China.
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials.
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33
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Abstract
At the CIEMAT whole-body counter, a low-energy germanium detector is used for the in vivo assessment of (131)I activity in thyroid, mainly for the individual monitoring programmes of workers. The detector is calibrated with a cylindrical neck phantom made of polymethyl methacrylate that mimics the neck of an adult, containing a vial with a radioactive solution. For an accurate activity assessment, it is necessary to perform the calibration of the detector with phantoms that closely reproduce the anatomy of a real person. Nevertheless, it is not affordable to count on a variety of physical phantoms covering the different anatomical characteristics that could be found over the whole population, including children. An alternative approach to face this situation is offered by the numerical calibration procedure based on Monte Carlo calculations in conjunction with realistic voxel phantoms. A series of computational voxel phantoms of different ages and dimensions have been used in this work to simulate an internal contamination of the thyroid and to estimate the response of the detector for measurements involving individuals whose anatomical characteristics differ from the reference adult man.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Moraleda
- CIEMAT, Avd. Complutense 40, Madrid 28040, Spain
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34
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Pérez López B, Navarro JF, López Ponte MA, Nogueira P. EFFICIENCY STUDY OF A LEGe DETECTOR SYSTEM FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF 241Am IN SKULL AT CIEMAT WHOLE BODY COUNTER. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2016; 170:231-236. [PMID: 26420903 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncv404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
(241)Am incorporation due to an incident or chronic exposure causes an internal dose, which can be evaluated from the total activity of this isotope in the skeleton several months after the intake. For this purpose, it is necessary to perform in vivo measurements of this bone-seeker radionuclide in appropriate counting bone geometries with very low attenuation of surrounded tissue and to extrapolate to total activity in the skeleton (ICRP 89, Basic anatomical and physiological data for use in radiological protection: reference values. 2001. 265). The work here presented refers to direct measurements of americium in the Cohen skull phantom at the CIEMAT Whole Body Counter (WBC) using low-energy germanium (LEGe) detectors inside a shielding room. The main goal was to determinate the most adequate head counting geometry for the in vivo detection of americium in the bone. The calibration of the in vivo LEGe system was performed with four detectors with 2 cm of distance to Cohen phantom. Two geometries were measured, on junction of frontal to parietal bones and frontal bone. The efficiencies are very similar in both geometries, the preferred counting geometry is the most comfortable for the person, with the LEGe detectors in the highest part of the frontal bone, near the junction with the parietal bone, CIEMAT WBC participated in a skull intercomparison exercise organised by WG7 of EURADOS (European Radiation Dosimetry Group e.V.). Efficiencies using three different skull phantoms were obtained. Measurements were performed for different head counting positions, four of them in the plane of symmetry and others over the temporal bone. The detector was placed in parallel with the calibration phantom at a distance of 1 cm. The main gamma emission of (241)Am, 59.5 keV (36 %), was used for comparing efficiency values. The lower efficiency was obtained over the frontal and occipital bones. Measurement with one LEGe detector over the parietal bone is the most efficient. The activity of each skull phantom was calculated using CIEMAT head calibration. Results of the EURADOS intercomparison are presented here for discussion.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Pérez López
- Whole Body Counting Laboratory - Internal Dosimetry Service (CIEMAT), Avda. Complutense, 40, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - J F Navarro
- Whole Body Counting Laboratory - Internal Dosimetry Service (CIEMAT), Avda. Complutense, 40, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - M A López Ponte
- Whole Body Counting Laboratory - Internal Dosimetry Service (CIEMAT), Avda. Complutense, 40, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - P Nogueira
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, National Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Radiation Protection, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany Thünen Institute of Fisheries Ecology, Marckmannstraße 129b, 20539 Hamburg, Germany
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35
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Pölz S, Breustedt B. PERSONALISED BODY COUNTER CALIBRATION USING ANTHROPOMETRIC PARAMETERS. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2016; 170:221-224. [PMID: 26396263 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncv398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Current calibration methods for body counting offer personalisation for lung counting predominantly with respect to ratios of body mass and height. Chest wall thickness is used as an intermediate parameter. This work revises and extends these methods using a series of computational phantoms derived from medical imaging data in combination with radiation transport simulation and statistical analysis. As an example, the method is applied to the calibration of the In Vivo Measurement Laboratory (IVM) at Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) comprising four high-purity germanium detectors in two partial body measurement set-ups. The Monte Carlo N-Particle (MCNP) transport code and the Extended Cardiac-Torso (XCAT) phantom series have been used. Analysis of the computed sample data consisting of 18 anthropometric parameters and calibration factors generated from 26 photon sources for each of the 30 phantoms reveals the significance of those parameters required for producing an accurate estimate of the calibration function. Body circumferences related to the source location perform best in the example, while parameters related to body mass show comparable but lower performances, and those related to body height and other lengths exhibit low performances. In conclusion, it is possible to give more accurate estimates of calibration factors using this proposed approach including estimates of uncertainties related to interindividual anatomical variation of the target population.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Pölz
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - B Breustedt
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Safety and Environment, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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36
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Abstract
Plutonium isotopes are of high concern because they lead to high doses. In case of contamination, the activity burden inside the lungs should be assessed accurately. Many studies showed that the presence of breasts has a substantial influence on lung counting efficiencies. Currently, the calibration of most lung counting systems is done by means of physical phantoms representing only male chests. A set of female computational phantoms has been developed in order to provide gender-specific efficiency calibrations for the (241)Am gamma emission (59.54 keV). The phantoms were created starting from a library of female chest phantoms provided by Institut de radioprotection et de sûreté nucléaire (IRSN) (Farah, J. Amélioration des mesures anthroporadiamétriques personnalisées assistées par calcul Monte Carlo: optimisation des temps de calculs et méthodologie de mesure pour l'établissement de la répartition d'activite. PhD Thesis, 2011). While the IRSN phantoms represent a supine measurement position, the SCK•CEN lung counter set-up requires the persons to be sitting in a chair. Using open-source software, the breast shapes of the original phantoms have been recreated to simulate the drooping of breasts in vertical sitting position. A Monte Carlo approach was chosen for calculating calibration coefficients for female lung counting. The results obtained with MCNPx 2.7 simulations showed a significant decrease in the detection efficiency. For bigger bust and breast sizes, the detection efficiency showed to be up to 10 times lower than the ones measured with the Livermore male torso phantom.
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Abstract
A 1,4-addition of a dichlorogermylene dioxane complex with α,β-unsaturated imine 1 gave a dichlorogermane derivative 2 bearing a GeC3N five-membered ring skeleton. By reducing 2 with KC8, cyclic (alkyl)(amino)germylene 3 was synthesized and fully characterized. Germylene 3 readily reacted with TEMPO, N2O and S8, producing the 1:2 adduct 4, the oxo-bridged dimer 5 and the sulfido-bridged dimer 6, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliang Wang
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Link 21, Singapore 637371, Singapore.
| | - Yi Shan Lim
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Link 21, Singapore 637371, Singapore.
| | - Yongxin Li
- NTU-CBC Crystallography Facility, Nanyang Technological University Nanyang Link 21, Singapore 637371, Singapore.
| | - Rakesh Ganguly
- NTU-CBC Crystallography Facility, Nanyang Technological University Nanyang Link 21, Singapore 637371, Singapore.
| | - Rei Kinjo
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Link 21, Singapore 637371, Singapore.
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Abstract
Atomic layer deposition (ALD) is a commercially utilized deposition method for electronic materials. ALD growth of thin films offers thickness control and conformality by taking advantage of self-limiting reactions between vapor-phase precursors and the growing film. Perovskite oxides present potential for next-generation electronic materials, but to-date have mostly been deposited by physical methods. This work outlines a method for depositing SrTiO3 (STO) on germanium using ALD. Germanium has higher carrier mobilities than silicon and therefore offers an alternative semiconductor material with faster device operation. This method takes advantage of the instability of germanium's native oxide by using thermal deoxidation to clean and reconstruct the Ge (001) surface to the 2×1 structure. 2-nm thick, amorphous STO is then deposited by ALD. The STO film is annealed under ultra-high vacuum and crystallizes on the reconstructed Ge surface. Reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED) is used during this annealing step to monitor the STO crystallization. The thin, crystalline layer of STO acts as a template for subsequent growth of STO that is crystalline as-grown, as confirmed by RHEED. In situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy is used to verify film stoichiometry before and after the annealing step, as well as after subsequent STO growth. This procedure provides framework for additional perovskite oxides to be deposited on semiconductors via chemical methods in addition to the integration of more sophisticated heterostructures already achievable by physical methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward L Lin
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin
| | - Bryce I Edmondson
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin
| | - Shen Hu
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin
| | - John G Ekerdt
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin;
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Nayak AK, Fischer JE, Sun Y, Yan B, Karel J, Komarek AC, Shekhar C, Kumar N, Schnelle W, Kübler J, Felser C, Parkin SSP. Large anomalous Hall effect driven by a nonvanishing Berry curvature in the noncolinear antiferromagnet Mn3Ge. Sci Adv 2016; 2:e1501870. [PMID: 27152355 PMCID: PMC4846447 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1501870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
It is well established that the anomalous Hall effect displayed by a ferromagnet scales with its magnetization. Therefore, an antiferromagnet that has no net magnetization should exhibit no anomalous Hall effect. We show that the noncolinear triangular antiferromagnet Mn3Ge exhibits a large anomalous Hall effect comparable to that of ferromagnetic metals; the magnitude of the anomalous conductivity is ~500 (ohm·cm)(-1) at 2 K and ~50 (ohm·cm)(-1) at room temperature. The angular dependence of the anomalous Hall effect measurements confirms that the small residual in-plane magnetic moment has no role in the observed effect except to control the chirality of the spin triangular structure. Our theoretical calculations demonstrate that the large anomalous Hall effect in Mn3Ge originates from a nonvanishing Berry curvature that arises from the chiral spin structure, and that also results in a large spin Hall effect of 1100 (ħ/e) (ohm·cm)(-1), comparable to that of platinum. The present results pave the way toward the realization of room temperature antiferromagnetic spintronics and spin Hall effect-based data storage devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajaya K. Nayak
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Nöthnitzer Str. 40, 01187 Dresden, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Weinberg 2, D-06120 Halle, Germany
- Corresponding author. E-mail: (A.K.N.); (S.S.P.P.)
| | - Julia Erika Fischer
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Nöthnitzer Str. 40, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Yan Sun
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Nöthnitzer Str. 40, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Binghai Yan
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Nöthnitzer Str. 40, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Julie Karel
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Nöthnitzer Str. 40, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Alexander C. Komarek
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Nöthnitzer Str. 40, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Chandra Shekhar
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Nöthnitzer Str. 40, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Nitesh Kumar
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Nöthnitzer Str. 40, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Walter Schnelle
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Nöthnitzer Str. 40, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jürgen Kübler
- Institut für Festkörperphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Claudia Felser
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Nöthnitzer Str. 40, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Stuart S. P. Parkin
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Weinberg 2, D-06120 Halle, Germany
- Corresponding author. E-mail: (A.K.N.); (S.S.P.P.)
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40
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Watanabe M, Abe S. Out-of-Plane Magnetic Moment and Lattice Distortion in Sputtered Ge Added Fe3O4 Thin Film. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2016; 16:2509-2516. [PMID: 27455663 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2016.10837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Fe3O4 has been known to have attractive physical properties for spintronic applications such as half-metallicity, however, its complicated magnetism has yet to be elucidated fully. We investigated the sputtered polycrystalline Fe3O4 thin film in which Ge was added for stabilization of the spinal structure. From X-ray photoelectron and Raman spectroscopies, major part of added Ge is found to be quadrivalent and considered to be incorporated in the spinel structure. Out-of-plane alignment of the local moment was confirmed by conversion electron Mössbauer spectroscopy and magnetization measurements with an applied field up to 70 kOe also support it. The Pawley refinement of the X-ray diffraction profile with a series of possible space groups in the spinel structure suggests that the crystal symmetry is reduced from cubic to tetragonal or orthorhombic spinels with (100) or (010) strains up to -0.231%. The uniaxial anisotropy constants K(u) for the tetragonally distorted cases estimated from the evaluated strains and the ab-initio calculation were found to be around 1.05 x 10(6) erg/cm3. We consider that the magnetic anisotropy induced by the lattice distortion contributes to the out-of-plane alignment of local moments in addition to the previously reported effect by the exchange coupling across crystallographic defects of the antiphase boundaries.
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41
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Liu F, Chen Y, Liang Y, Pan Z. Phonon-assisted upconversion charging in Zn3Ga2GeO8:Cr(3+) near-infrared persistent phosphor. Opt Lett 2016; 41:954-957. [PMID: 26974089 DOI: 10.1364/ol.41.000954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We report a new phonon-assisted upconversion excitation design that enables the excitation energy to be lower than the persistent luminescence emission energy in persistent phosphors. We demonstrate this upconversion excitation concept in Zn3Ga2GeO8:Cr(3+) near-infrared persistent phosphor by achieving Cr(3+) 700 nm persistent emission using 800 or 980 nm laser diode excitation. Depending on the sample temperature, the excitation photon energy can be tuned, and the persistent luminescence intensity can be adjusted. Depending on the excitation power, the upconversion trap filling process involves either one photon (for filling low-energy traps) or two photons (for filling high-energy traps). Our research provides a major step toward manipulating the electronic excitation in persistent luminescence, which has implication for many applications.
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Poli E, Elliott JD, Ratcliff LE, Andrinopoulos L, Dziedzic J, Hine NDM, Mostofi AA, Skylaris CK, Haynes PD, Teobaldi G. The potential of imogolite nanotubes as (co-)photocatalysts: a linear-scaling density functional theory study. J Phys Condens Matter 2016; 28:074003. [PMID: 26808452 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/28/7/074003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
We report a linear-scaling density functional theory (DFT) study of the structure, wall-polarization absolute band-alignment and optical absorption of several, recently synthesized, open-ended imogolite (Imo) nanotubes (NTs), namely single-walled (SW) aluminosilicate (AlSi), SW aluminogermanate (AlGe), SW methylated aluminosilicate (AlSi-Me), and double-walled (DW) AlGe NTs. Simulations with three different semi-local and dispersion-corrected DFT-functionals reveal that the NT wall-polarization can be increased by nearly a factor of four going from SW-AlSi-Me to DW-AlGe. Absolute vacuum alignment of the NT electronic bands and comparison with those of rutile and anatase TiO2 suggest that the NTs may exhibit marked propensity to both photo-reduction and hole-scavenging. Characterization of the NTs' band-separation and optical properties reveal the occurrence of (near-)UV inside-outside charge-transfer excitations, which may be effective for electron-hole separation and enhanced photocatalytic activity. Finally, the effects of the NTs' wall-polarization on the absolute alignment of electron and hole acceptor states of interacting water (H2O) molecules are quantified and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Poli
- Stephenson Institute for Renewable Energy and Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK
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43
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Chen YM, Chang TY, Lai CH, Chang KM, Chen CF, Lai YL, Whang AJW, Lai HL, Hsu TR. Investigation of Defect Free SiGe Nanowire Biosensor Modified by Dual Plasma Technology. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2016; 16:1454-1459. [PMID: 27433604 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2016.11919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Semiconductor nanowires (NWs) have been extensively investigated and discussed in various fields due to their unique physical properties. In this paper, we successfully produce SiGe NWs biosensor by VLSI technology. We propose the dual plasma technology with CF4 plasma pre-treatment and N2 plasma post-treatment for repairs of defects as well as optimization of SiGe NWs biosensor. The results indicate that sensitivity (S) of the biosensor with dual plasma technology has significantly improved at least 32.8%, suitable for producing industrial SiGe NWs biosensor in the future.
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Abstract
There is considerable interest in the use of heavy atom nanoparticles as theranostic contrast agents due to their high radiation cross-section compared to soft tissue. However, published studies have primarily focused on applications of gold nanoparticles. This study applies Monte Carlo radiation transport modelling using Geant4 to evaluate the macro- and micro-scale radiation dose enhancement following X-ray irradiation with both imaging and therapeutic energies on nanoparticles consisting of stable elements heavier than silicon. An approach based on the Local Effect Model was also used to assess potential biological impacts. While macroscopic dose enhancement is well predicted by simple absorption cross-sections, nanoscale dose deposition has a much more complex dependency on atomic number, with local maxima around germanium (Z = 32) and gadolinium (Z = 64), driven by variations in secondary Auger electron spectra, which translate into significant variations in biological effectiveness. These differences may provide a valuable tool for predicting and elucidating fundamental mechanisms of these agents as they move towards clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J McMahon
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA and Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.
| | - Harald Paganetti
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kevin M Prise
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.
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45
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Hao J, Zhao J, Zhang Y, An X, Liu X, Li Y, Endres F. Electrodeposition of Three Dimensionally Ordered Macroporous Germanium from Two Different Ionic Liquids. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2016; 16:777-782. [PMID: 27398522 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2016.10670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Three dimensionally ordered macroporous (3DOM) Ge films have been made via ordered polystyrene (PS) templates by electrodeposition from ionic liquids 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) amide and 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tris (pentafluoroethyl) trifluorophosphate at room temperature. We discuss the possibility of obtaining high quality 3DOM Ge films from two different ionic liquids by the simple and inexpensive template-assisted electrochemical pathway. Scanning electron microscopy confirms the quality of the samples, and the optical measurements demonstrate that 3DOM Ge made electrochemically shows photonic crystal behavior. Such a material has the potential to make 3DOM Ge feasible for electrical, optical applications and for photonic crystal solar cells.
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46
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Guerra JG, Rubiano JG, Winter G, Guerra AG, Alonso H, Arnedo MA, Tejera A, Gil JM, Rodríguez R, Martel P, Bolivar JP. A simple methodology for characterization of germanium coaxial detectors by using Monte Carlo simulation and evolutionary algorithms. J Environ Radioact 2015; 149:8-18. [PMID: 26188622 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2015.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Revised: 04/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The determination in a sample of the activity concentration of a specific radionuclide by gamma spectrometry needs to know the full energy peak efficiency (FEPE) for the energy of interest. The difficulties related to the experimental calibration make it advisable to have alternative methods for FEPE determination, such as the simulation of the transport of photons in the crystal by the Monte Carlo method, which requires an accurate knowledge of the characteristics and geometry of the detector. The characterization process is mainly carried out by Canberra Industries Inc. using proprietary techniques and methodologies developed by that company. It is a costly procedure (due to shipping and to the cost of the process itself) and for some research laboratories an alternative in situ procedure can be very useful. The main goal of this paper is to find an alternative to this costly characterization process, by establishing a method for optimizing the parameters of characterizing the detector, through a computational procedure which could be reproduced at a standard research lab. This method consists in the determination of the detector geometric parameters by using Monte Carlo simulation in parallel with an optimization process, based on evolutionary algorithms, starting from a set of reference FEPEs determined experimentally or computationally. The proposed method has proven to be effective and simple to implement. It provides a set of characterization parameters which it has been successfully validated for different source-detector geometries, and also for a wide range of environmental samples and certified materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- J G Guerra
- Departamento de Física, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 3501 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Sistemas Inteligentes y Aplicaciones Numéricas en la Ingeniería, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 3501 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
| | - J G Rubiano
- Departamento de Física, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 3501 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - G Winter
- Instituto Universitario de Sistemas Inteligentes y Aplicaciones Numéricas en la Ingeniería, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 3501 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - A G Guerra
- Departamento de Física, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 3501 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - H Alonso
- Departamento de Física, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 3501 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - M A Arnedo
- Departamento de Física, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 3501 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - A Tejera
- Departamento de Física, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 3501 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - J M Gil
- Departamento de Física, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 3501 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - R Rodríguez
- Departamento de Física, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 3501 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - P Martel
- Departamento de Física, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 3501 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - J P Bolivar
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, Universidad de Huelva, Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEIMAR), 21071 Huelva, Spain
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Yuan YH, Li RS, Wang Q, Wu ZL, Wang J, Liu H, Huang CZ. Germanium-doped carbon dots as a new type of fluorescent probe for visualizing the dynamic invasions of mercury(II) ions into cancer cells. Nanoscale 2015; 7:16841-7. [PMID: 26403476 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr05326a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dots doped with germanium (GeCDs) were firstly prepared by a new simple 15 min carbonation synthesis route, exhibiting excitation-independent photoluminescence (PL), which could avoid autofluorescence in bioimaging applications. The as-prepared GeCDs have low cell toxicity, good biocompatibility, high intracellular delivery efficiency, stability and could be applied for detection of mercury(II) ions with excellent selectivity in complicated medium. It is to be noted that the as-prepared GeCDs used as a new type of probe for visualization of dynamic invasions of mercury(II) ions into Hep-2 cells display greatly different properties from most of the previously reported CDs which are regularly responsive to iron ions. All the results suggest that the GeCDs can be employed for visualization and monitoring of the significant physiological changes of living cells induced by Hg(2+).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Huan Yuan
- Key Laboratory on Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
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48
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Wrobel TP, Vichi A, Baranska M, Kazarian SG. Micro-Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier Transform Infrared (Micro ATR FT-IR) Spectroscopic Imaging with Variable Angles of Incidence. Appl Spectrosc 2015; 69:1170-1174. [PMID: 26449810 DOI: 10.1366/15-07963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The control of the angle of incidence in attenuated total reflection (ATR) Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy allows for the probing of the sample at different depths of penetration of the evanescent wave. This approach has been recently coupled with macro-imaging capability using a diamond ATR accessory. In this paper, the design of optical apertures for the micro-germanium (Ge) ATR objective is presented for an FT-IR spectroscopic imaging microscope, allowing measurements with different angles of incidence. This approach provides the possibility of three-dimensional (3D) profiling in micro-ATR FT-IR imaging mode. The proof of principle results for measurements of polymer laminate samples at different angles of incidence confirm that controlling the depth of penetration is possible using a Ge ATR objective with added apertures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz P Wrobel
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Bobrzynskiego 14, 30-348 Krakow, Poland
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49
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Nawi SNBM, Wahib NFB, Zulkepely NNB, Amin YBM, Min UN, Bradley DA, Nor RBM, Maah MJ. The Thermoluminescence Response of Ge-Doped Flat Fibers to Gamma Radiation. Sensors (Basel) 2015; 15:20557-69. [PMID: 26307987 PMCID: PMC4570437 DOI: 10.3390/s150820557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Revised: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Study has been undertaken of the thermoluminescence (TL) yield of various tailor-made flat cross-section 6 mol% Ge-doped silica fibers, differing only in respect of external dimensions. Key TL dosimetric characteristics have been investigated, including glow curves, dose response, sensitivity, fading and reproducibility. Using a 60Co source, the samples were irradiated to doses within the range 1 to 10 Gy. Prior to irradiation, the flat fibers were sectioned into 6 mm lengths, weighed, and annealed at 400 °C for 1 h. TL readout was by means of a Harshaw Model 3500 TLD reader, with TLD-100 chips (LiF:Mg, Ti) used as a reference dosimeter to allow the relative response of the fibers to be evaluated. The fibers have been found to provide highly linear dose response and excellent reproducibility over the range of doses investigated, demonstrating high potential as TL-mode detectors in radiation medicine applications. Mass for mass, the results show the greatest TL yield to be provided by fibers of the smallest cross-section, analysis indicating this to be due to minimal light loss in transport of the TL through the bulk of the silica medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti Nurasiah Binti Mat Nawi
- Radiation Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
| | - Nor Fadira Binti Wahib
- Radiation Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
| | - Nurul Najua Binti Zulkepely
- Radiation Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
| | - Yusoff Bin Mohd Amin
- Radiation Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
| | - Ung Ngie Min
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
| | - David Andrew Bradley
- Centre for Nuclear and Radiation Physics, Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK.
| | - Roslan Bin Md Nor
- Radiation Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
| | - Mohd Jamil Maah
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
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50
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Schartner J, Hoeck N, Güldenhaupt J, Mavarani L, Nabers A, Gerwert K, Kötting C. Chemical Functionalization of Germanium with Dextran Brushes for Immobilization of Proteins Revealed by Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier Transform Infrared Difference Spectroscopy. Anal Chem 2015; 87:7467-75. [PMID: 26102158 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b01823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Protein immobilization studied by attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FT-IR) difference spectroscopy is an emerging field enabling the study of proteins at atomic detail. Gold or glass surfaces are frequently used for protein immobilization. Here, we present an alternative method for protein immobilization on germanium. Because of its high refractive index and broad spectral window germanium is the best material for ATR-FT-IR spectroscopy of thin layers. So far, this technique was mainly used for protein monolayers, which lead to a limited signal-to-noise ratio. Further, undesired protein-protein interactions can occur in a dense layer. Here, the germanium surface was functionalized with thiols and stepwise a dextran brush was generated. Each step was monitored by ATR-FT-IR spectroscopy. We compared a 70 kDa dextran with a 500 kDa dextran regarding the binding properties. All surfaces were characterized by atomic force microscopy, revealing thicknesses between 40 and 110 nm. To analyze the capability of our system we utilized N-Ras on mono-NTA (nitrilotriacetic acid) functionalized dextran, and the amount of immobilized Ras corresponded to several monolayers. The protein stability and loading capacity was further improved by means of tris-NTA for immobilization. Small-molecule-induced changes were revealed with an over 3 times higher signal-to-noise ratio compared to monolayers. This improvement may allow the observation of very small and so far hidden changes in proteins upon stimulus. Furthermore, we immobilized green fluorescent protein (GFP) and mCherry simultaneously enabling an analysis of the surface by fluorescence microscopy. The absence of a Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) signal demonstrated a large protein-protein distance, indicating an even distribution of the protein within the dextran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Schartner
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr-University, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Nina Hoeck
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr-University, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Jörn Güldenhaupt
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr-University, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Laven Mavarani
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr-University, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Andreas Nabers
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr-University, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Klaus Gerwert
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr-University, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Carsten Kötting
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr-University, 44801 Bochum, Germany
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