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Bains A, Lu G, Yao H, Luthra R, Medeiros LJ, Sargent RL. Molecular and clinicopathologic characterization of AML with isolated trisomy 4. Am J Clin Pathol 2012; 137:387-94. [PMID: 22338050 DOI: 10.1309/ajcp7zc9yqerskgx] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with isolated trisomy 4 is rare. Associations with KIT mutations on chromosome 4q12 have been documented. The clinicopathologic features and mutational status of KIT, FLT3, NPM1, CEBPA, and RAS were assessed in 13 AML cases with isolated trisomy 4. There were 9 men and 4 women with a median age of 54 years. Median blast count was 84% (range, 24%-93%). Morphologic features varied across five 2008 World Health Organization categories. FLT3 (5/10) and NPM1 (4/10) mutations were observed at a frequency similar to normal-karyotype AML cases. KIT D816V (1/10), RAS (1/11; NRAS), and CEBPA (0/9) mutations were rare or absent. In 11 of 13 cases, complete remission was achieved. In 8 cases, relapse occurred, with median relapse-free survival of 11 months. Median overall survival was 28 months. AML with isolated trisomy 4 is rare and associated with high bone marrow blast counts and an intermediate to poor prognosis. KIT mutations are uncommon.
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2
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Myllykangas S, Böhling T, Knuutila S. Specificity, selection and significance of gene amplifications in cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2006; 17:42-55. [PMID: 17161620 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2006.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2006] [Accepted: 10/17/2006] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
DNA copy number amplifications activate oncogenes and are found in the majority of advanced solid tumors. Cell-lineage specificity and oncogene affinity of DNA amplifications in cancer suggest that properties of precursor stem cells and selection pressure in the tissue micro-environment determine the genomic location of gene amplifications. Biological specificity and significance of gene amplifications make them potential targets for clinical applications. Here we discuss the specificity of non-randomly occurring DNA copy number amplifications as defining features for cancers, their selection in the tumor tissue, and significance in the clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Myllykangas
- Department of Pathology, Haartman Institute and HUSLAB, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, POB 21 (Haartmaninkatu 3), FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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3
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Receveur A, Ong J, Merlin L, Azgui Z, Merle-Béral H, Berger R, Nguyen-Khac F. Trisomy 4 associated with double minute chromosomes and MYC amplification in acute myeloblastic leukemia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 47:423-7. [PMID: 15581842 DOI: 10.1016/j.anngen.2004.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2004] [Accepted: 08/26/2004] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A case of de novo acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) M2, with trisomy 4 and double minute (dmin) chromosomes is reported. Amplification of the MYC gene ascertained by FISH was associated with dmin. A review of the literature of trisomy 4-dmin-associated AML shows that this entity preferentially occurs in elderly women and is not always associated with previously identified exposition to mutagens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Receveur
- Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service d'Hématologie Biologique, Paris, France
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4
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Gupta V, Minden MD, Yi QL, Brandwein J, Chun K. Prognostic significance of trisomy 4 as the sole cytogenetic abnormality in acute myeloid leukemia. Leuk Res 2003; 27:983-91. [PMID: 12859991 DOI: 10.1016/s0145-2126(03)00076-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Trisomy 4 is a recurrent but rare cytogenetic abnormality reported in patients with acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML). The prognostic significance of this abnormality in patients with AML is not clear. We report here four cases of trisomy 4 as the sole cytogenetic abnormality in AML patients treated at our institute during the last 15 years and systematically review all reported cases of trisomy 4 as a solitary cytogenetic abnormality in AML with the aim of studying the disease demography and prognostic significance of this abnormality. Collective data on 30 patients (including four in the present report) showed complete remission (CR) rates of 76.6%. Median relapse free survival and overall survival were 7 months (95% CI 5-17) and 9 months (95% CI 3-17), respectively. Given the limitations of reported literature, the prognosis of AML patients with trisomy 4 appears to be poor compared with the intermediate risk cytogenetics. Collaborations between major institutions and cooperative groups are needed to collect better quality data to understand the prognostic significance of such rare karyotypic abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Gupta
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Hospital, University Health Network, Room 5-224, 610-University Avenue, Toronto, Ont, Canada M5G 2M9.
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5
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Govberg IJ, Wolf JL, Cotter PD. Trisomy 4 and double minutes in acute myeloid leukemia: further evidence that double minutes can occur as the primary cytogenetic abnormality. CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 2000; 121:212-5. [PMID: 11063811 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-4608(00)00244-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The specific association of trisomy 4 and double minutes (dmin) is rare and is usually reported in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), primarily M2 and M4 subtypes. Several previous reports describing this combination suggested that trisomy 4 was the primary cytogenetic abnormality, and that the presence of the dmin was secondary. We describe a 79-year-old male who presented with myelodysplasia, transforming to AML-M2. Cytogenetic analysis of bone marrow aspirate cultures showed a 46,XY,dmin[12]/47,XY,+4,dmin[7]/46, XY[6] karyotype. The number of dmin ranged from 1 to 150. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis showed that the dmin were derived from amplification of the MYC oncogene. Dual-color interphase FISH analysis was performed with D4Z1 and MYC probes and showed no evidence of a clone containing trisomy 4 without dmin. These data suggest that dmin may also occur as the primary cytogenetic abnormality in patients with trisomy 4 and dmin.
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Affiliation(s)
- I J Govberg
- Division of Medical Genetics, Children's Hospital Oakland, Oakland, California 94609, USA
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6
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O'Malley F, Rayeroux K, Cole-Sinclair M, Tong M, Campbell LJ. MYC amplification in two further cases of acute myeloid leukemia with trisomy 4 and double minute chromosomes. CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 1999; 109:123-5. [PMID: 10087944 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-4608(98)00160-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We report two cases of trisomy 4 with double minute chromosomes (dmin): one in a woman with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), French-American-British subtype M2, the other in a man with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia. In the former case, many cells without trisomy 4 but with dmin were present, a finding not observed in previously reported cases. In both cases, fluorescence in situ hybridization studies demonstrated the double minutes to be MYC amplicons. Ten cases of AML with trisomy 4 and dmin have now been described; in the five cases investigated, the dmin have been shown to be amplified MYC gene sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- F O'Malley
- Victorian Cancer Cytogenetics Service, St. Vincent's Hospital, Victoria, Australia
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7
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Fugazza G, Bruzzone R, Puppo L, Patrone F, Sessarego M. Amplified c-MYC sequences localized by fluorescence in-situ hybridization on double minute chromosomes in acute myeloid leukemias. Leuk Res 1997; 21:703-9. [PMID: 9379677 DOI: 10.1016/s0145-2126(97)00119-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Double minute chromosomes (dmin) are small acentric fragments frequently observed when karyotyping human tumor cells. They are considered the cytogenetic manifestation of gene amplification. The finding of dmin in leukemia is a rare event usually associated with progression of the disease and unfavorable prognosis. We present four patients affected by myeloid disorders with an abnormal karyotype and a variable number of dmin. In an attempt to clarify the origin of the dmin and the amplified gene, we utilized a fluorescent in-situ hybridization (FISH) technique and a panel of specific probes. The results of the analysis indicate that, although chromosomes 8 are apparently uninvolved, dmin retained c-MYC sequencs in three cases. By observing previously reported cases, we found that the majority of patients with myeloid disorders and dmin showed an amplified c-MYC gene, regardless of the chromosomal abnormalities. The FISH technique proved to be informative in demonstrating gene amplification in both metaphase and interphase cells. Finally, in the one patient carrying a 20q deletion, FISH allowed the detection of a previously unreported translocation between a 16p and the 20q-, confirming the ability of the technique to understand complex karyotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Fugazza
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Italy
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8
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Reddy KS, Sulcova V. c-myc amplification in a preleukemia patient with trisomy 4 and double minutes: review of the unique coexistence of these two chromosome abnormalities in acute myelogenous leukemia. CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 1997; 95:206-9. [PMID: 9169042 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-4608(96)00424-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Cytogenetic analysis of the bone marrow from a woman with preleukemia showed an aberrant clone with trisomy 4, double minutes, and a translocation t(8;9)(q21;q34). Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) demonstrated that the double minutes were c-myc amplifications. A review of six cases in the literature and the present case with trisomy 4 and double minutes showed a preponderance of females and that the patients were mostly elderly. The acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) in these patients was either FAB subtype M2 or M4. In two out of seven cases, the double minutes were c-myc amplicons. The patients responded to treatment and there was karyotypic normalization during remission. There was no strong evidence of exposure to genotoxic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Reddy
- Corning Nichols Institute, San Juan Capistrano, CA 92690-6130, USA
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9
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Ramond S, Delmer A, Cymbalista-Ajchembaum F, Cadiou M, Viguié F, Zittoun R, Dadoune JP. Another case of trisomy 4 with double minute chromosomes in acute non-lymphocytic leukemia. CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 1995; 83:165-7. [PMID: 7553589 DOI: 10.1016/0165-4608(95)00037-p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A further case of trisomy 4 with double minute chromosomes in acute non-lymphocytic leukemia is reported. The non-random association between these two cytogenetic abnormalities is reinforced. A possible relation with environmental exposure is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ramond
- Laboratoire de Biologie de la Fertilite et Cytogenetique, Hotel-Dieu, Paris, France
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10
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Bonomi R, Le Coniat M, Berger R. Is trisomy 4 a secondary chromosomal abnormality in acute myeloblastic leukemia? CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 1995; 79:186-7. [PMID: 7889518 DOI: 10.1016/0165-4608(94)00126-v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Cytogenetic studies were carried out in a patient with acute monocytic leukemia (AML-M5) at diagnosis and in relapse. While no chromosome abnormality was detected initially, isolated trisomy 4 was found in relapse. The primary or secondary nature of trisomy 4 as the sole abnormality in AML is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Bonomi
- INSERM Unité 301, Institut de Génétique Moléculaire, Paris, France
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11
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Abstract
We report here a rare case of biphenotypic M0 acute myeloid leukemia (AML) associated with trisomy 4. The literature of trisomy 4 in acute leukemia was reviewed. M2 and M4 AML are the most common FAB subtypes associated with trisomy 4. The clinical course of this entity is generally comparable with other non-trisomy 4 cases of AML. Despite the speculation made when first described, no specific environmental toxin has been found to be associated with this entity. C-kit oncogene has been mapped to chromosome 4 recently, and the role of this proto-oncogene in leukemogenesis of trisomy 4 associated leukemia should be further investigated.
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MESH Headings
- Acute Disease
- Adult
- Antigens, CD/analysis
- Antigens, CD7
- Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/analysis
- Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis
- CD13 Antigens/analysis
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 4
- DNA Nucleotidylexotransferase/analysis
- Diagnosis, Differential
- Fatal Outcome
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid/classification
- Leukemia, Myeloid/diagnosis
- Leukemia, Myeloid/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid/pathology
- Male
- Neoplasm Proteins/analysis
- Phenotype
- Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/diagnosis
- Proto-Oncogene Mas
- Proto-Oncogenes
- Trisomy
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Affiliation(s)
- Y K Keung
- Division of Hematology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles 90033
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12
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Slovak ML, Ho JP, Pettenati MJ, Khan A, Douer D, Lal S, Traweek ST. Localization of amplified MYC gene sequences to double minute chromosomes in acute myelogenous leukemia. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 1994; 9:62-7. [PMID: 7507702 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.2870090111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytogenetic and molecular studies were performed on two dmin-bearing acute myelogenous leukemia (FAB-M2) samples. Both cases were characterized by complex karyotypes containing interstitial deletions of the long arm of chromosome 8 altering band 8q24.1, aberrations affecting the short arm of chromosome 17, and multiple double minute chromosomes (dmin). Using a 1.4 kb cDNA probe coding for the third exon of the MYC oncogene, DNA slot blots indicated MYC gene sequences were amplified in both samples. Fluorescence in situ hybridization using a 9.0 kb genomic probe for MYC was performed in one case and localized the amplified MYC gene sequences to the dmin. Neither patient achieved a complete remission using traditional induction chemotherapy. The complex karyology with amplification of MYC gene sequences appears to represent a poor prognostic subgroup of acute myelogenous leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Slovak
- Department of Cytogenetics, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010
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13
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Suenaga M, Sanada I, Tsukamoto A, Sato M, Kawano F, Shido T, Miura K, Tominaga R. Trisomy 4 in a case of acute myelogenous leukemia accompanied by subcutaneous soft tissue tumors. Report of a case and review of the literature. CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 1993; 71:71-5. [PMID: 8275456 DOI: 10.1016/0165-4608(93)90204-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
We report a patient with acute myelogenous leukemia [AML, French-American-British classification (FAB) M2] with trisomy 4, who developed subcutaneous soft tissue tumors at the time leukemia was diagnosed. A review of the literature on AML with trisomy 4 suggests a relation between trisomy 4 and tumor formation of leukemic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Suenaga
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kumamoto National Hospital, Japan
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14
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Sole F, Asensio A, Woessner S, Florensa L, Besses C, Sans-Sabrafen J. Trisomy 4 in a patient with acute myelomonocytic leukemia (M4). CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 1993; 70:152. [PMID: 8242600 DOI: 10.1016/0165-4608(93)90191-n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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15
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Thompson PW, Whittaker JA, Brennan H. Trisomy 4 with double minute chromosomes in acute nonlymphocytic leukemia. CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 1993; 69:41-4. [PMID: 8374899 DOI: 10.1016/0165-4608(93)90111-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
We report on three further cases of trisomy 4 in acute nonlymphocytic leukemia. In one case the trisomy 4 was accompanied by double minute (dmin) chromosomes. Of the 34 reports of trisomy 4, dmin were also found in five cases, showing a clear nonrandom association between the two cytogenetic abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- P W Thompson
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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16
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Ribeiro EM, Cavalli IJ, Tokutake AS, Sperandio-Roxo VM, Malvezzi M, Pasquini R. Trisomy 4 in acute nonlymphocytic leukemia: the first Brazilian case. CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 1993; 68:82-3. [PMID: 8330288 DOI: 10.1016/0165-4608(93)90079-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
We report the first South American case of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia, French-American-British (FAB) subtype M1, [1] with trisomy 4 as the sole chromosome abnormality. The patient denied exposure to toxic or carcinogenic substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Ribeiro
- Departamento de Genética, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba-Paraná, Brazil
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17
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Hodohara K, Fujiyama Y, Inoue T, Niwakawa M, Kitoh K, Andoh A, Bamba T, Hosoda S, Abe T. Trisomy 4 in a case of acute lymphocytic leukemia (L1). CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 1992; 62:88-91. [PMID: 1521241 DOI: 10.1016/0165-4608(92)90045-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Trisomy 4 has been identified previously as a chromosome abnormality associated with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) with myelomonocytic lineage and in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). We report a case of acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) (French-American-British, FAB L1) in a 42-year-old Japanese man, with trisomy 4 as the sole chromosomal anomaly. Immunophenotypically, the leukemic blasts demonstrated reactivity with CD2, CD5, and CD7 and indicated on early stage of T cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Hodohara
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
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18
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Donti E, Maccari A, Tabilio A, Ardisia C, Campanari N, Donti GV. Trisomy 4 in acute nonlymphocytic leukemia. Report of two cases and review of the literature. CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 1992; 60:195-7. [PMID: 1606565 DOI: 10.1016/0165-4608(92)90018-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Two patients with M2 subtype of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) and trisomy 4 as a primary karyotype change are described. The abnormality was observed in 100% of bone marrow (BM) metaphases in both cases. It appeared alone in one case and was associated with trisomy 13 in 94% of metaphases in the other. These are the second and third cases of ANLL with trisomy 4 documented in Italy. Neither patient appears to have incurred any environmental or therapeutic insult.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Donti
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Perugia, Italy
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19
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Britton V, Kwan YL, White L, Yip MY. Trisomy 4 in a case of acute biphenotypic leukemia. CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 1990; 47:265-9. [PMID: 2357699 DOI: 10.1016/0165-4608(90)90035-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Trisomy 4 was the sole chromosome anomaly in a 5-year-old girl with acute leukemia. Morphologically, there appeared to be distinct myeloid and lymphoid blast cells on presentation. Immunophenotyping, however, showed extensive overlap of myeloid and lymphoid markers, confirming the leukemia to be biphenotypic rather than true "bilineal." She attained remission only after lymphoid-cell-specific induction was added to the initial "myeloid type" induction. She relapsed 4 years later with morphologically acute lymphocytic leukemia (French-American-British L2 type) despite still retaining the original immunophenotypic characteristics. She was successfully reinduced and subsequently received an autologous bone marrow transplant. Second relapse, morphologically and immunophenotypically similar to the first, occurred 5 months after transplant.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Britton
- Cytogenetics and Cell Biology Unit, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia
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20
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Tauchi T, Ohyashiki K, Kodama A, Iwabuchi A, Ohyashiki JH, Toyama K. Two Additional Acute Nonlymphocytic Leukemia Patients with a Sole Chromosome Abnormality of Trisomy 4. Leuk Lymphoma 1990; 2:131-5. [DOI: 10.3109/10428199009042523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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21
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Thompson PW, Thompson EN, Whittaker JA. Four cases of acute leukemia with trisomy 4. CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 1989; 43:211-7. [PMID: 2598165 DOI: 10.1016/0165-4608(89)90032-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
We report further on four cases of trisomy 4 in acute leukemia. Two cases were FAB type M4, one was type M1, and one was an undifferentiated leukemia. Two of our patients were children, aged 13 months and 11 years, respectively. In one case there was evidence of trisomy 4 occurring as a secondary change.
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Affiliation(s)
- P W Thompson
- Department of Haematology, University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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22
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Parry SH, Gibbons B, Czepulkowski BH, Amess JA, Oxley VE. A further case of acute myelogenous leukemia with trisomy 4 and double minutes. CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 1989; 39:295-7. [PMID: 2752379 DOI: 10.1016/0165-4608(89)90195-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S H Parry
- Department of Medical Oncology, St Bartholomew's Hospital, West Smithfield, London, U.K
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