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Evolution of a chemosensitive core-binding factor AML into an aggressive leukemia with eosinophilic differentiation. Blood Adv 2019; 2:1517-1521. [PMID: 29950292 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2018016675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Key Points
Core-binding factor AML can evolve from good-risk disease into aggressive disease through the gain of additional genomic aberrations. In this unique case, an AML patient died of hypereosinophilic syndrome with solid organ infiltration of differentiated eosinophils.
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2
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Yamamoto K, Nagata K, Tsurukubo Y, Morishita K, Hamaguchi H. A novel translocation t(3;22)(q21;q11) involving 3q21 in myelodysplastic syndrome-derived overt leukemia with thrombocytosis. Leuk Res 2000; 24:453-7. [PMID: 10785268 DOI: 10.1016/s0145-2126(00)00004-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We report here a novel translocation t(3;22)(q21;q11) in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS)-derived overt leukemia with thrombocytosis. A 44-year-old female was initially diagnosed as MDS with a low platelet count and normal karyotype. After 4 months, blood leukemic cells and platelets rapidly increased concomitantly and a diagnosis of acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML M1) was made. Chromosome analysis showed 46, XX, t(3;22)(q21;q11) in 14 of 20 metaphases. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis confirmed both the der(3)t(3;22) and the der(22)t(3;22). Our results suggest that unidentified gene(s) at 3q21 breakpoint may be implicated in the pathogenesis of abnormal thrombopoiesis as observed in the 3q21q26 syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Yamamoto
- Department of Hematology, Musashino Red Cross Hospital, 1-26-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino, Tokyo, Japan
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3
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Abstract
The t(12;13)(p13;q12) is a rare, recurrent translocation reported in a range of hematological malignancies. We have analyzed the molecular basis of this lesion in three patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), two of whom were known to have chromosome 12 breakpoints within the ETV6 gene. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with ETV6 cosmids indicated that this gene was also disrupted in the third patient, while the normal ETV6 allele was retained. 3′ rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from bone marrow mRNA of this individual identified a novel sequence fused to ETV6 that was homologous to a region just upstream of the mouse CDX2 homeobox gene, the human homologue of which has previously been mapped to chromosome 13q12. PCR primers designed to amplify an ETV6-CDX2 fusion identified two major transcripts from this patient. First, a direct in-frame fusion between exon 2 of ETV6 and exon 2 of CDX2, and second, a transcript that had an additional sequence of unknown origin spliced between these same exons. Surprisingly, apparently normal CDX2 transcripts, usually expressed only in intestinal epithelium, were also detectable in cDNA from this patient. Neither normal nor fusion CDX2 mRNA was detectable in the two other patients with a t(12;13), indicating that this translocation is heterogeneous at the molecular level. Reverse transcription-PCR analysis showed that CDX2 mRNA, but not ETV6-CDX2 mRNA, was strongly expressed in 1 of 10 patients with chronic myeloid leukemia in transformation, suggesting that deregulation of this gene may be more widespread in leukemia. CDX2 is known to regulate class I homeobox genes and its expression in hematopoietic cells may critically alter the balance between differentiation and proliferation.
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4
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Fusion of ETV6 to the Caudal-Related Homeobox Gene CDX2 in Acute Myeloid Leukemia With the t(12;13)(p13;q12). Blood 1999. [DOI: 10.1182/blood.v93.3.1025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe t(12;13)(p13;q12) is a rare, recurrent translocation reported in a range of hematological malignancies. We have analyzed the molecular basis of this lesion in three patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), two of whom were known to have chromosome 12 breakpoints within the ETV6 gene. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with ETV6 cosmids indicated that this gene was also disrupted in the third patient, while the normal ETV6 allele was retained. 3′ rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from bone marrow mRNA of this individual identified a novel sequence fused to ETV6 that was homologous to a region just upstream of the mouse CDX2 homeobox gene, the human homologue of which has previously been mapped to chromosome 13q12. PCR primers designed to amplify an ETV6-CDX2 fusion identified two major transcripts from this patient. First, a direct in-frame fusion between exon 2 of ETV6 and exon 2 of CDX2, and second, a transcript that had an additional sequence of unknown origin spliced between these same exons. Surprisingly, apparently normal CDX2 transcripts, usually expressed only in intestinal epithelium, were also detectable in cDNA from this patient. Neither normal nor fusion CDX2 mRNA was detectable in the two other patients with a t(12;13), indicating that this translocation is heterogeneous at the molecular level. Reverse transcription-PCR analysis showed that CDX2 mRNA, but not ETV6-CDX2 mRNA, was strongly expressed in 1 of 10 patients with chronic myeloid leukemia in transformation, suggesting that deregulation of this gene may be more widespread in leukemia. CDX2 is known to regulate class I homeobox genes and its expression in hematopoietic cells may critically alter the balance between differentiation and proliferation.
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5
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Keung YK, Cobos E, Morgan D, Whitehead RP, Tonk V. Double minute chromosomes and myelodysplastic syndrome: a case report and literature review. CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 1997; 97:94-6. [PMID: 9283588 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-4608(96)00340-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Double minute chromosomes (dmin) occur in about 3.3-10.6% of acute leukemia, especially in the elderly. However, dmins are relatively rare in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). We describe a case of refractory anemia with excess blasts associated with complex cytogenetic abnormalities, dmins, and brief survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y K Keung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock 79430, USA
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6
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Fugazza G, Bruzzone R, Puppo L, Patrone F, Sessarego M. Amplified c-MYC sequences localized by fluorescence in-situ hybridization on double minute chromosomes in acute myeloid leukemias. Leuk Res 1997; 21:703-9. [PMID: 9379677 DOI: 10.1016/s0145-2126(97)00119-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Double minute chromosomes (dmin) are small acentric fragments frequently observed when karyotyping human tumor cells. They are considered the cytogenetic manifestation of gene amplification. The finding of dmin in leukemia is a rare event usually associated with progression of the disease and unfavorable prognosis. We present four patients affected by myeloid disorders with an abnormal karyotype and a variable number of dmin. In an attempt to clarify the origin of the dmin and the amplified gene, we utilized a fluorescent in-situ hybridization (FISH) technique and a panel of specific probes. The results of the analysis indicate that, although chromosomes 8 are apparently uninvolved, dmin retained c-MYC sequencs in three cases. By observing previously reported cases, we found that the majority of patients with myeloid disorders and dmin showed an amplified c-MYC gene, regardless of the chromosomal abnormalities. The FISH technique proved to be informative in demonstrating gene amplification in both metaphase and interphase cells. Finally, in the one patient carrying a 20q deletion, FISH allowed the detection of a previously unreported translocation between a 16p and the 20q-, confirming the ability of the technique to understand complex karyotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Fugazza
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Italy
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7
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Hollings PE, Cochrane J, Bowen JA, Rosman I, Fitzgerald PH. Growth characteristics in vitro of myeloid leukaemic cells with t(6;9). Leuk Lymphoma 1995; 17:281-8. [PMID: 8580797 DOI: 10.3109/10428199509056833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
We report an analysis of in vitro growth characteristics of leukaemic cells from five patients with t(6;9)(p23;q34). Consistent with other reports of this abnormality, our patients were comparatively young (median age at diagnosis, 29 years), and responded poorly to conventional treatment (median survival from diagnosis, 10 months). During active disease the CFU-GM growth patterns were characterized by an abundance of granulocytic aggregates (mostly 20-100 cells in size) whose leukaemic origin was confirmed by cytogenetic analysis. During remission induction, colonies derived from regenerating normal progenitor cell colonies could be distinguished from those derived from persisting leukaemic cells on the basis of differences in size, morphology, in situ staining characteristics, and karyotype. Remission growth patterns were those of a normal bone marrow. Our findings add to a growing recognition that the t(6;9) identifies a subset of leukaemic patients with distinctive clinical, haematologic, molecular, and in vitro growth characteristics for whom conventional treatment offers little hope of cure or long survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- P E Hollings
- Cytogenetic and Molecular Oncology Unit, Christchurch School of Medicine, Christchurch Hospital, New Zealand
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8
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Ohyashiki K, Murakami T, Ohyashiki JH, Kawakubo K, Fujimura T, Iwabuchi A, Toyama K. Double-minute chromosomes appearing in a patient with myelodysplastic syndrome with disease evolution. CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 1995; 79:169-72. [PMID: 7889514 DOI: 10.1016/0165-4608(94)00143-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
We present the first case of a myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) demonstrating an association between the appearance of double-minute chromosomes (dmin) and disease progression. This 59-year-old Japanese woman showed a deletion of the long arm of chromosome 5 [del(5)(q21q34)] and monosomy 9, when she was diagnosed as having refractory anemia with an excess of blasts (RAEB). Subsequential cytogenetic analyses demonstrated that the neoplastic cells in the peripheral blood had six copies of dmin, when the disease progressed into RAEB in transformation (RAEBt). This cytogenetic change was consistently observed when the patient developed the leukemia phase. The findings in this case suggest that the appearance of dmin may be linked to progression of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Ohyashiki
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Medical College, Japan
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9
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Tosi S, Stilgenbauer S, Giudici G, Capalbo S, Specchia G, Liso V, Castagna S, Lanzi E, Lichter P, Biondi A. Reciprocal translocation t(12;13)(p13;q14) in acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia: report and cytogenetic analysis of two cases. CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 1994; 77:106-10. [PMID: 7954318 DOI: 10.1016/0165-4608(94)90223-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Two cases of acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia with a reciprocal translocation t(12;13)(p13;q14) are described. Both patients were male adults with a diagnosis of M0 FAB type. Beside standard cytogenetic analysis, we applied fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in order to investigate the position of the RB gene with respect to the breakpoint at 13q14. Our results showed that the RB gene was proximal to the breakpoint, but, apparently, not split in either case.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Tosi
- Clinica Pediatrica, Università di Milano, Italy
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10
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Cytogenetics of Acute Leukemia Following MDS. HAEMATOLOGY AND BLOOD TRANSFUSION / HÄMATOLOGIE UND BLUTTRANSFUSION 1994. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-78350-0_112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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11
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Berger R, Dombret H. New variant translocation in acute myelomonocytic leukemia with bone marrow eosinophilia. CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 1992; 58:204-5. [PMID: 1551091 DOI: 10.1016/0165-4608(92)90115-o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R Berger
- Unité INSERM U 301, Institut de Génétique Moléculaire, Paris, France
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12
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Reilly A, Becker J, Meyer J, Rackoff W. Hypereosinophilia. MEDICAL AND PEDIATRIC ONCOLOGY 1992; 20:232-9. [PMID: 1574036 DOI: 10.1002/mpo.2950200311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Diagnosis, Differential
- Eosinophilia/etiology
- Female
- Humans
- Larva Migrans, Visceral/complications
- Larva Migrans, Visceral/diagnosis
- Larva Migrans, Visceral/parasitology
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/complications
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/diagnosis
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging
- Male
- Tomography, X-Ray Computed
- Toxocara/isolation & purification
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Affiliation(s)
- A Reilly
- Children's Cancer Research Center, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
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13
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Murakami T, Ohyashiki K, Kodama A, Tauchi T, Ohyashiki JH, Toyama K. Translocation (2;16)(p11;q22) and trisomy 22 in acute myelogenous leukemia (FAB M2) with bone marrow eosinophilia. CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 1991; 56:281-3. [PMID: 1756474 DOI: 10.1016/0165-4608(91)90181-s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
MESH Headings
- Adult
- Bone Marrow/pathology
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 16
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 2
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 22
- Eosinophilia/complications
- Female
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/complications
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Translocation, Genetic
- Trisomy
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