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Dworsky-Fried Z, Chadwick CI, Kerr BJ, Taylor AMW. Multiple Sclerosis and the Endogenous Opioid System. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:741503. [PMID: 34602975 PMCID: PMC8484329 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.741503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease characterized by chronic inflammation, neuronal degeneration and demyelinating lesions within the central nervous system. The mechanisms that underlie the pathogenesis and progression of MS are not fully known and current therapies have limited efficacy. Preclinical investigations using the murine experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model of MS, as well as clinical observations in patients with MS, provide converging lines of evidence implicating the endogenous opioid system in the pathogenesis of this disease. In recent years, it has become increasingly clear that endogenous opioid peptides, binding μ- (MOR), κ- (KOR) and δ-opioid receptors (DOR), function as immunomodulatory molecules within both the immune and nervous systems. The endogenous opioid system is also well known to play a role in the development of chronic pain and negative affect, both of which are common comorbidities in MS. As such, dysregulation of the opioid system may be a mechanism that contributes to the pathogenesis of MS and associated symptoms. Here, we review the evidence for a connection between the endogenous opioid system and MS. We further explore the mechanisms by which opioidergic signaling might contribute to the pathophysiology and symptomatology of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoë Dworsky-Fried
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Caylin I. Chadwick
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Bradley J. Kerr
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Anna M. W. Taylor
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Tregubenko P, Zvonarev V. Impact of Opioid Use in Hematological Malignancies: Clinical, Immunological and Concomitant Aspects. J Hematol 2020; 9:41-54. [PMID: 32855752 PMCID: PMC7430860 DOI: 10.14740/jh689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Opioid agents play a unique role in pain and symptom management for cancer patients. Research shows that opiate use, especially when associated with underlying cancer, has significant effects on hematological parameters. These changes may lead to greater risk for immunosuppression, tumor growth and progression of metastatic processes. The aim of this review is to explore the effects of opiates on various metabolic and biological processes, as well as the hematopoietic system, especially in cancer patients. Our findings demonstrate that the tumor-promoting effects of opiates remain contradictory, as both growth-promoting and anti-tumor effects have been observed. However, available data suggest that opiates can facilitate the proliferation and migration of tumor cells, and understanding of this process on cancer treatment is tremendously important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polina Tregubenko
- Internal Medicine Residency Program, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Jacobi Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Valeriy Zvonarev
- School of Behavioral Sciences, California Southern University, Costa Mesa, CA, USA.,Psychiatry Residency Training Program, Center for Behavioral Medicine, UMKC, 1000 E. 24th Street, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
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Abstract
Given the severity of their illness and lack of effective disease-modifying agents, it is not surprising that most patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) consider trying complementary and alternative therapies. Some of the most commonly considered alternative therapies include special diets, nutritional supplements, cannabis, acupuncture, chelation, and energy healing. This article reviews these in detail. The authors also describe 3 models by which physicians may frame discussions about alternative therapies: paternalism, autonomy, and shared decision making. Finally, the authors review a program called ALSUntangled, which uses shared decision making to review alternative therapies for ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard S Bedlack
- Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27702, USA.
| | - Nanette Joyce
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, 4860 Y Street Suite 3850, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Gregory T Carter
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, St. Luke's Rehabilitation Institute, 711 South Cowley, Spokane, WA 99202, USA
| | - Sabrina Paganoni
- Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Boston VA Health Care System, Harvard Medical School, Massachussets General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Chafic Karam
- Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, 170 Manning Drive, Campus Box 7025, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7025, USA
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Liu Y, Wang H, Wang X, Mu L, Kong Q, Wang D, Wang J, Zhang Y, Yang J, Zhou M, Wang G, Sun B, Li H. The mechanism of effective electroacupuncture on T cell response in rats with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e51573. [PMID: 23382807 PMCID: PMC3557272 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Accepted: 11/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, we demonstrated that electroacupuncture (EA) decreased lymphocyte infiltration into the spinal cords of rats presenting with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a disease model used in the study of multiple sclerosis (MS). The aim of this study was to characterize the effects of EA on the EAE. Female Lewis rats were divided into either CFA, EAE, EA, or injection with naloxone after electroacupuncture (NAL) groups. Electroacupuncture was administered every day for 21 days. To evaluate proliferation and apoptosis, lymphocytes from rats presenting with EAE were collected and cultured with β-endorphin. Immunohistochemisty, flow cytometry and radio-immunity methods were applied to detect the expression of β-endorphin. Results presented in this report demonstrate that the beneficial anti-inflammatory effects of EA on EAE were related to β-endorphin production that balances the Thl/Th2 and Th17/Treg responses. These results suggest that β-endorphin could be an important component in the development of EA-based therapies used for the treatment of EAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumei Liu
- Department of Neurobiology, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Harbin, China
| | - Hongwei Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xinyue Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Harbin, China
| | - Lili Mu
- Department of Neurobiology, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Harbin, China
| | - Qingfei Kong
- Department of Neurobiology, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Harbin, China
| | - Dandan Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Harbin, China
| | - Jinghua Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Harbin, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Harbin, China
| | - Jinfeng Yang
- Department of Neurobiology, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Harbin, China
| | - Mingyan Zhou
- Department of Neurobiology, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Harbin, China
| | - Guangyou Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Harbin, China
| | - Bo Sun
- Department of Neurobiology, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Harbin, China
- * E-mail: (HL); (BS)
| | - Hulun Li
- Department of Neurobiology, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Harbin, China
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- * E-mail: (HL); (BS)
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Karaji AG, Hamzavi Y. The opioid antagonist naloxone inhibits Leishmania major infection in BALB/c mice. Exp Parasitol 2012; 130:73-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2011.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2009] [Revised: 09/14/2011] [Accepted: 09/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Liu YM, Liu XJ, Bai SS, Mu LL, Kong QF, Sun B, Wang DD, Wang JH, Shu S, Wang GY, Li HL. The effect of electroacupuncture on T cell responses in rats with experimental autoimmune encephalitis. J Neuroimmunol 2010; 220:25-33. [PMID: 20117842 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2009.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2009] [Revised: 12/09/2009] [Accepted: 12/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Successive electroacupuncture (EA) stimulation on Zusanli ST36 acupoints of rats with experimental autoimmune encephalitis (EAE), which is an inflammatory disease mediated by autoreactive T cells, relieved disease severity, inhibited specific T cell proliferation and rebuilt the CD4+ T cell subset balance. In addition, EA-treated rats had significantly higher ACTH concentrations in vivo compared to untreated EAE rats. These results indicated that EA stimulation could relieve the severity of EAE by restoring balance to the Th1/Th2/Th17/Treg Th cell subset responses by stimulating the hypothalamus to increase ACTH secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-mei Liu
- Department of Neurobiology, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, 157 Bao Jian Road, Harbin 150081, China
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Berczi I. Neuroendocrine Regulation of Natural Immunity. Natural Immunity. Elsevier; 2005. pp. 215-62. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-7443(05)80017-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Park MB, Ko E, Ahn C, Choi H, Rho S, Shin MK, Hong MC, Min BI, Bae H. Suppression of IgE production and modulation of Th1/Th2 cell response by electroacupuncture in DNP-KLH immunized mice. J Neuroimmunol 2004; 151:40-4. [PMID: 15145602 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2004.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2003] [Revised: 02/11/2004] [Accepted: 02/11/2004] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Effects of electroacupuncture (EA) on Th1/Th2 cell response were investigated in BALB/c mice immunized intraperitoneally with 2,4-dinitrophenylated keyhole limpet protein (DNP-KLH). Successive electroacupuncture stimulation on the ST36 acupoint was performed just after immunization. Serum levels of antigen-specific IgE and total IgE were significantly decreased compared with non-acupunctured controls. Production of the Th2-specific cytokines IL-4 and IL-13 in the anti-CD3 mAb-activated splenocytes was significantly suppressed in ST36 electroacupunctured mice compared with non-acupunctured mice. These results imply that successive electroacupuncture on ST36 can decrease the serum level of antigen-specific IgE and total IgE by suppression of the Th2 lineage development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moon-Baik Park
- Chungnoi Clinical Research Center, and Department of Physiology, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyunghee University, Seoul, South Korea
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Chuang IC, Jhao CM, Yang CH, Chang HC, Wang CW, Lu CY, Chang YJ, Lin SH, Huang PL, Yang LC. Intramuscular electroporation with the pro-opiomelanocortin gene in rat adjuvant arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2003; 6:R7-R14. [PMID: 14979933 PMCID: PMC400409 DOI: 10.1186/ar1014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2003] [Revised: 09/18/2003] [Accepted: 09/30/2003] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Endogenous opioid peptides have an essential role in the intrinsic modulation and control of inflammatory pain, which could be therapeutically useful. In this study, we established a muscular electroporation method for the gene transfer of pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) in vivo and investigated its effect on inflammatory pain in a rat model of rheumatoid arthritis. The gene encoding human POMC was inserted into a modified pCMV plasmid, and 0-200 microg of the plasmid-POMC DNA construct was transferred into the tibialis anterior muscle of rats treated with complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) with or without POMC gene transfer by the electroporation method. The safety and efficiency of the gene transfer was assessed with the following parameters: thermal hyperalgesia, serum adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and endorphin levels, paw swelling and muscle endorphin levels at 1, 2 and 3 weeks after electroporation. Serum ACTH and endorphin levels of the group into which the gene encoding POMC had been transferred were increased to about 13-14-fold those of the normal control. These levels peaked 1 week after electroporation and significantly decreased 2 weeks after electroporation. Rats that had received the gene encoding POMC had less thermal hypersensitivity and paw swelling than the non-gene-transferred group at days 3, 5 and 7 after injection with CFA. Our promising results showed that transfer of the gene encoding POMC by electroporation is a new and effective method for its expression in vivo, and the analgesic effects of POMC cDNA with electroporation in a rat model of rheumatoid arthritis are reversed by naloxone.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Chuan Chuang
- Gene Therapy Laboratory, Tajen Institute of Technology, Pingtung, 907, Taiwan.
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Sacerdote P, Gaspani L, Panerai AE. The opioid antagonist naloxone induces a shift from type 2 to type 1 cytokine pattern in normal and skin-grafted mice. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2001; 917:755-63. [PMID: 11268404 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2000.tb05440.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Opioid peptides affect different immune functions. We present evidence that these effects could be mediated by the modulation of Th1/Th2 cytokine production. The acute and chronic treatment with the opioid receptor antagonist naloxone decreased the production of IL-4 by splenocytes of C57BL/6 and Balb/cJ mice, that present a Th1/Th2 dominance, respectively, immunized with the protein antigen KLH. In contrast, IL-2 and IFN-gamma levels were increased after naloxone treatment. These results indicate that naloxone increases Th1 and decreases Th2 cytokine production. Moreover in C57BL/6 mice, naloxone treatment was able to accelerate skin-graft rejection, a Th1-mediated phenomenon, by increasing Th1 cytokine production. The effect of naloxone could be ascribed to the removal of the regulatory effects exerted by endogenous opioid peptides, which could activate Th2 and suppress Th1 cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Sacerdote
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Milano, 20129 Milano, Italy.
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Sacerdote P, Manfredi B, Gaspani L, Panerai AE. The opioid antagonist naloxone induces a shift from Type 2 to Type 1 cytokine pattern in BALB/cJ mice. Blood 2000; 95:2031-6. [DOI: 10.1182/blood.v95.6.2031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Opioid peptides affect different immune functions. We present evidence that these effects could be mediated by the modulation of TH1/TH2 cytokine production. BALB/cJ mice were immunized with 50 or 100 μg of the protein antigen keyhole-limpet hemocyanin (KLH), and treated acutely or chronically with the opioid antagonist naloxone. One and 2 weeks after immunization, the production of cytokines by splenocytes was evaluated by in vitro restimulation with KLH. The acute and chronic treatment with the opioid receptor antagonist naloxone decreased the production of interleukin (IL)–4 by splenocytes of BALB/cJ mice. In contrast, IL-2 and interferon-γ levels increased after naloxone treatment. Finally, the opioid antagonist diminished the serum immunoglobulin G anti–KLH antibody titers. These results suggest that naloxone increases TH1 and decreases TH2 cytokine production. The effect of naloxone could be ascribed to the removal of the regulatory effects exerted by endogenous opioid peptides, which could therefore activate TH2 and suppress TH1 cytokines.
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Abstract
Olfactory cues can alter immune function. BALB/c mice exposed to odors produced by footshock stressed donor mice have increased antibody responses and increased splenic interleukin (IL)-4 production following immunization relative to recipients of odors from unstressed animals. Here we document that exposure to stress odors results in analgesia that is blocked by the non-selective opioid receptor antagonist naltrexone. The stress odor-induced increase in antigen-driven IL-4 and antibody is also blocked by oral administration of naltrexone. Thus, we provide evidence that immune deviation can occur following a psychosocial stressor, and that the deviation appears to be mediated by endogenous opioid production.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Moynihan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester Medical Center, NY 14642, USA.
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Sacerdote P, Lechner O, Sidman C, Wick G, Panerai AE. Hypothalamic beta-endorphin concentrations are decreased in animal models of autoimmune disease. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1999; 876:305-8. [PMID: 10415625 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1999.tb07654.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P Sacerdote
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Milano, Italy.
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Sacerdote P, Lechner O, Sidman C, Wick G, Panerai AE. Hypothalamic beta-endorphin concentrations are decreased in animals models of autoimmune disease. J Neuroimmunol 1999; 97:129-33. [PMID: 10408966 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-5728(99)00067-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Complex interactions between the neuroendocrine and the immune systems are present in autoimmune diseases. The central opioid peptide beta-endorphin (BE) has been shown to modulate peripheral immune responses in normal animals. In the present study we analyze the hypothalamic concentrations of this peptide in two models of spontaneous autoimmune disease, the MRL [corrected] lpr/lpr mouse, that develops a lupus-like autoimmune disease, and the obese strain (OS) chickens afflicted with spontaneous autoimmune thyroiditis. In both instances, hypothalamic concentrations of BE are significantly lower than normal controls. In MRL [corrected] lpr/lpr mice, BE is already lower at 1 month of age, when no clinical sign of the disease is yet present. Similarly, low levels of BE are observed in OS chickens before the onset of thyroiditis, i.e., already at the embryonic stage. Moreover, a further decrease of BE is observed in OS chickens in correspondence with the first signs of thyroid mononuclear infiltration. Considering the immunosuppressive effects exerted by central BE, these results are suggestive of the fact that in autoimmune disease prone animals the low hypothalamic concentrations may be one of several factors predisposing for the development of autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Sacerdote
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Milano, Milan, Italy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A E Panerai
- Dept of Pharmacology, Chemotherapy and Toxicology, University of Milano, Italy.
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