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Wu Q, Sun R, Ni M, Yu J, Li Y, Yu C, Dou K, Ren J, Chen J. Identification of a novel fungus, Trichoderma asperellum GDFS1009, and comprehensive evaluation of its biocontrol efficacy. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0179957. [PMID: 28644879 PMCID: PMC5482467 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to its efficient broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, Trichoderma has been established as an internationally recognized biocontrol fungus. In this study, we found and identified a novel strain of Trichoderma asperellum, named GDFS1009. The mycelium of T. asperellum GDFS1009 exhibits a high growth rate, high sporulation capacity, and strong inhibitory effects against pathogens that cause cucumber fusarium wilt and corn stalk rot. T. asperellum GDFS1009 secretes chitinase, glucanase, and protease, which can degrade the cell walls of fungi and contribute to mycoparasitism. The secreted xylanases are good candidates for inducing plant resistance and enhancing plant immunity against pathogens. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) showed that T. asperellum GDFS1009 produces primary metabolites that are precursors of antimicrobial compounds; it also produces a variety of antimicrobial secondary metabolites, including polyketides and alkanes. In addition, this study speculated the presence of six antimicrobial peptides via ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS). Future studies should focus on these antimicrobial metabolites for facilitating widespread application in the field of agricultural bio-control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Wu
- Department of Environment and Resource, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- The Key laboratory of Urban (South) Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruiyan Sun
- Department of Environment and Resource, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- The Key laboratory of Urban (South) Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, China
| | - Mi Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Yu
- Department of Environment and Resource, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- The Key laboratory of Urban (South) Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaqian Li
- Department of Environment and Resource, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- The Key laboratory of Urban (South) Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuanjin Yu
- Department of Environment and Resource, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- The Key laboratory of Urban (South) Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Dou
- Department of Environment and Resource, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- The Key laboratory of Urban (South) Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianhong Ren
- Suzhou BioNovoGene Metabolomics Platform, Suzhou, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Environment and Resource, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- The Key laboratory of Urban (South) Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, China
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Hutter KJ, Miedl M, Kuhmann B, Nitzsche F, Bryce JH, Stewart GG. Detection of Proteinases inSaccharomyces cerevisiaeby Flow Cytometry. JOURNAL OF THE INSTITUTE OF BREWING 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/j.2050-0416.2005.tb00645.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Ten LN, Im WT, Kim MK, Lee ST. A plate assay for simultaneous screening of polysaccharide- and protein-degrading micro-organisms. Lett Appl Microbiol 2005; 40:92-8. [PMID: 15644106 DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-765x.2004.01637.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To develop a plate assay for simultaneous screening of polysaccharide-degrading and protein-degrading micro-organisms. METHODS AND RESULTS A plate assay, based on the visible solubilization of small substrate particles and the formation of haloes on Petri dishes, containing a mixture of diversely coloured insoluble polysaccharides and dye-labelled collagen as chromogenic substrates, was developed. This method was successfully applied for isolating the diverse polysaccharide- and/or protein-degrading bacteria from soil and sludge samples. Selected strains were identified using 16S rDNA partial sequencing; most of them belong to the genera Bacillus, Cellulomonas and Cellulosimicrobium. CONCLUSIONS This novel approach provides unique and valuable information for direct primary screening when the target of selection is micro-organisms exhibiting protein-degrading activity, polysaccharide-degrading activity or a specific combination of them. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This plate assay is convenient and easy to perform, rapid, and more adaptable for screening of a large number of samples, compared with other existing methods in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- L N Ten
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Kuseong-Dong, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, Korea
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Vines DJ, Warburton MJ. Classical late infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis fibroblasts are deficient in lysosomal tripeptidyl peptidase I. FEBS Lett 1999; 443:131-5. [PMID: 9989590 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(98)01683-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Tripeptidyl peptidase I (TPP-I) is a lysosomal enzyme that cleaves tripeptides from the N-terminus of polypeptides. A comparison of TPP-I amino acid sequences with sequences derived from an EST database suggested that TPP-I is identical to a pepstatin-insensitive carboxyl proteinase of unknown specificity which is mutated in classical late infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (LINCL), a lysosomal storage disease. Both TPP-I and the carboxyl proteinase have an M(r) of about 46 kDa and are, or are predicted to be, resistant to inhibitors of the four major classes of proteinases. Fibroblasts from LINCL patients have less than 5% of the normal TPP-I activity. The activities of other lysosomal enzymes, including proteinases, are in the normal range. LINCL fibroblasts are also defective at degrading short polypeptides and this defect can be induced in normal fibroblasts by treatment with a specific inhibitor or TPP-I. These results suggest that the cell damage, especially neuronal, observed in LINCL results from the defective degradation and consequent lysosomal storage of small peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Vines
- Department of Histopathology, St George's Hospital Medical School, London, UK
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Jones LJ, Upson RH, Haugland RP, Panchuk-Voloshina N, Zhou M, Haugland RP. Quenched BODIPY dye-labeled casein substrates for the assay of protease activity by direct fluorescence measurement. Anal Biochem 1997; 251:144-52. [PMID: 9299009 DOI: 10.1006/abio.1997.2259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
We have prepared casein conjugates of two BODIPY dyes for use as fluorogenic protease substrates in homogeneous assays. Both conjugates are labeled to such an extent that the dyes are efficiently quenched in the protein, yielding virtually nonfluorescent substrate molecules. These fluorogenic substrates release highly fluorescent BODIPY dye-labeled peptides upon protease digestion, with fluorescence increases proportional to enzyme activity. These quenched substrates are suitable for the continuous assay of enzymatic activity using standard fluorometers, filter fluorometers, or fluorescence microplate readers using either fluorescein excitation and emission wavelengths to measure BODIPY FL casein hydrolysis or Texas Red wavelengths to detect proteolysis of BODIPY TR-X casein. Most current techniques for detecting protease activity, such as the fluorescein thiocarbamoyl casein (FTC-casein) protease assay, require extensive manipulation, including separation steps, and are therefore labor intensive and error-prone. In comparison, we found the BODIPY dye-labeled casein protease assays to be simple and precise and to have greater sensitivity and a broader dynamic range of detection than the FTC-casein assay. We were able to sensitively detect the activities of a wide variety of enzymes with these new substrates, including serine, acid, sulfhydryl, and metalloproteases. We also found the assay suitable for quantitating protease inhibitor concentrations and for real-time analysis of proteolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- L J Jones
- Molecular Probes, Inc., 4849 Pitchford Avenue, Eugene, Oregon 97402-9165, USA
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