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Generalized Acquired Cutis Laxa Associated with Monoclonal Gammopathy of Dermatological Significance. Case Rep Dermatol Med 2020; 2020:7480607. [PMID: 32099688 PMCID: PMC7037480 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7480607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cutis laxa is a rare dermatosis that is inherited or acquired and clinically features loose, wrinkled, and redundant skin with decreased elasticity. This heterogeneous connective tissue disorder may be localized or generalized, with or without internal manifestations. Generalized cutis laxa often has a cephalocaudal progression and is attributed to inflammatory cutaneous eruptions, medications, and infections. Cutis laxa is also associated with several other conditions including rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and plasma-cell dyscrasias. Case Presentation. We report an unusual case of a 35-year-old male with progression of generalized acquired cutis laxa and vasculitis that occurred over a period of one year. No cutaneous inflammatory eruption preceded or accompanied his decreased skin elasticity, and a biopsy of the skin showed elastolysis. His cutaneous manifestation led to systemic evaluation and an eventual diagnosis of smoldering multiple myeloma accompanied by aortitis and anemia. His myeloma and vasculitis were successfully treated with cyclophosphamide, bortezomib, and dexamethasone and high-dose prednisone, respectively, with no improvement to his cutis laxa. Conclusions The presence of monoclonal gammopathy is strongly associated with several dermatological entities such as acquired cutis laxa. We propose a new term for the dermatological manifestations caused by paraproteinemia: monoclonal gammopathy of dermatological significance, or MGODS, and stress the evaluation of an underlying gammopathy in the setting of certain dermatologic conditions, including scleromyxedema and amyloidosis. We present a case of a newly acquired cutis laxa secondary to plasma-cell dyscrasias that exemplifies MGODS, alongside a brief literature review, and underscore the clinical relevance of monoclonal gammopathies of dermatological significance.
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Cutaneous and Mucosal Manifestations Associated with Celiac Disease. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10070800. [PMID: 29933630 PMCID: PMC6073559 DOI: 10.3390/nu10070800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Celiac disease (CD) is an immune-mediated, gluten-induced enteropathy that affects predisposed individuals of all ages. Many patients with CD do not report gastrointestinal symptoms making it difficult to reach an early diagnosis. On the other hand, CD is related to a wide spectrum of extra-intestinal manifestations, with dermatitis herpetiformis (DH) being the best characterized. These associated conditions may be the clue to reaching the diagnosis of CD. Over the last few years, there have been multiple reports of the association between CD and several cutaneous manifestations that may improve with a gluten-free diet (GFD). The presence of some of these skin diseases, even in the absence of gastrointestinal symptoms, should give rise to an appropriate screening method for CD. The aim of this paper is to describe the different cutaneous manifestations that have been associated with CD and the possible mechanisms involved.
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Abenavoli L, Proietti I, Zaccone V, Gasbarrini G, Addolorato G. Celiac disease: from gluten to skin. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2014; 5:789-800. [DOI: 10.1586/eci.09.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Tas A, Gundogan FC, Kocaturk T, Altun S, Bayram Y. Oculoplastic approach to congenital cutis laxa syndrome. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2013; 37:417-20. [PMID: 23443999 DOI: 10.1007/s00266-012-0047-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2012] [Accepted: 12/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Cutis laxa is a rare congenital or acquired disorder of elastic tissue, characterized by loose skin with folds and multiple internal organ involvement, which may cause life-threatening complications. We present a patient with cutis laxa syndrome who had cross eyelids with esotropia. Bilateral lateral canthal tendon repositioning and bilateral medial rectus recession procedures were performed in a single session. The patient had acceptable eyelid and globe cosmesis after the procedure. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors http://www.springer.com/00266 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Tas
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ankara Mevki Military Hospital, Altındağ, Ankara, Turkey.
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Berk DR, Bentley DD, Bayliss SJ, Lind A, Urban Z. Cutis laxa: A review. J Am Acad Dermatol 2012; 66:842.e1-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2011.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2010] [Revised: 12/05/2010] [Accepted: 01/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Sun XK, Chen JF. No mutation of elastin and fibulin-5 genes in a patient with acquired cutis laxa associated with chronic urticaria. Br J Dermatol 2010; 164:215-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2010.10049.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Turner RB, Haynes HA, Granter SR, Miller DM. Acquired cutis laxa following urticarial vasculitis associated with IgA myeloma. J Am Acad Dermatol 2009; 60:1052-7. [PMID: 19467378 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2008.09.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2008] [Revised: 09/12/2008] [Accepted: 09/24/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Cutis laxa (CL) is an inherited or acquired connective tissue disorder characterized clinically by loosely hanging skin folds. There is often preceding cutaneous inflammatory eruption (ie, urticaria, eczema, erythema multiforme), and there is frequently internal organ involvement of the gastrointestinal, urogenital, pulmonary, and cardiovascular systems. Histologically, there are degenerative changes in the dermal elastic fibers. Of the few reports on this rare disorder, authors have speculated about an immune-mediated destruction of elastic fibers, and monoclonal gammopathies, such as multiple myeloma or heavy chain deposition disease, have a recognized association with CL. We report an unusual case of rapidly progressing acquired CL associated with leukocytoclastic vasculitis, IgA myeloma, and an immune complex-mediated glomerulonephritis. Light microscopy of the lax skin revealed complete absence of elastic fibers in areas of vasculitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan B Turner
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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GARCÍA-PATOS V, PUJOL R, BARNADAS M, PÉREZ M, MORENO A, CONDOMINES J, GELPI C, RODRÍGUEZ J, DE MORAGAS J. Generalized acquired cutis laxa associated with coeliac disease: evidence of immunoglobulin A deposits on the dermal elastic fibres. Br J Dermatol 2008. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2133.1996.d01-950.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikram K Mahajan
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla, India
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Abenavoli L, Proietti I, Leggio L, Ferrulli A, Vonghia L, Capizzi R, Rotoli M, Amerio PL, Gasbarrini G, Addolorato G. Cutaneous manifestations in celiac disease. World J Gastroenterol 2006; 12:843-52. [PMID: 16521210 PMCID: PMC4066147 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v12.i6.843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune gluten-dependent enteropathy characterized by atrophy of intestinal villi that improves after gluten-free diet (GFD). CD is often associated with extra-intestinal manifestations; among them, several skin diseases are described in CD patients. The present review reports all CD-associated skin manifestations described in the literature and tries to analyze the possible mechanisms involved in this association. The opportunity to evaluate the possible presence of CD in patients affected by skin disorders is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Abenavoli
- Institute of Internal Medicine, Catholic University, L.go Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
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Tamura BM, Lourenço LM, Platt A, Pertel P, Santos LFG, Levites J. Cutis Laxa: Improvement of Facial Aesthetics by Using Botulinum Toxin. Dermatol Surg 2004; 30:1518-20. [PMID: 15606829 DOI: 10.1111/j.1524-4725.2004.30563.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cutis laxa is characterized by the total loss of skin elasticity, which is also called generalized elastosis that leads to the appearance of early aging. OBJECTIVE The authors report a patient with cutis laxa in which botulinum toxin was used for the improvement of facial aesthetics. This is a case report with a literature review. Botulinum toxin was injected into the classical sites usually used for the treatment of dynamic wrinkles. RESULTS The patient showed improvement of the aging appearance. CONCLUSION The use of botulinum toxin may represent an additional, less invasive resource to improve facial defects in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhertha M Tamura
- Medical School General Hospital of the University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Riveros CJP, Gavilán MFB, França LFS, Sotto MN, Takahashi MDF. Acquired localized cutis laxa confined to the face: case report and review of the literature. Int J Dermatol 2004; 43:931-5. [PMID: 15569023 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-4632.2004.01946.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cutis laxa is an uncommon entity characterized by laxity of the skin, which hangs in loose folds, producing the appearance of premature aging. It can be subdivided into congenital and acquired. This latter variant is rare and the skin involvement varies from generalized to localized. We report a case of a localized acquired cutis laxa confined to the face, without preceding inflammatory lesions or systemic compromise. Four similar cases have been reported to date. The etiology remains unknown and there is no definitive treatment. METHODS A 27-year-old White woman came to our hospital with a wrinkled face, pendulous earlobes and drop eyelids. Changes began 5 years prior, and she appeared much older than her age. RESULTS Histological analysis and ultrastructural examination of skin biopsy revealed reduction and fragmentation of elastic fibers, confirming the diagnosis of cutis laxa. No systemic involvement was diagnosed. The patient was submitted to plastic surgery for repair, with satisfactory results to date. CONCLUSIONS Acquired localized cutis laxa confined to the face without preceding inflammatory lesions is extremely rare. The etiology remains unknown. Clinical features and histopathologic findings confirm the diagnosis. Surgical repair seems to be the only therapeutic choice, but the results are variable and temporary.
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Lewis KG, Bercovitch L, Dill SW, Robinson-Bostom L. Acquired disorders of elastic tissue: Part II. decreased elastic tissue. J Am Acad Dermatol 2004; 51:165-85; quiz 186-8. [PMID: 15280835 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2004.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Elastic fibers in the extracellular matrix are integral components of dermal connective tissue. The resilience and elasticity required for normal structure and function of the skin are attributable to the network of elastic tissue. Advances in our understanding of elastic tissue physiology provide a foundation for studying the pathogenesis of elastic tissue disorders. Many acquired disorders are nevertheless poorly understood owing to the paucity of reported cases. Several acquired disorders in which loss of dermal elastic tissue produces prominent clinical and histopathologic features have recently been described, including middermal elastolysis, papular elastorrhexis, and pseudoxanthoma-like papillary dermal elastolysis, which must be differentiated from more well-known disorders such as anetoderma, acquired cutis laxa, and acrokeratoelastoidosis. Learning objective At the conclusion of this learning activity, participants should have an understanding of the similarities and differences between acquired disorders of elastic tissue that are characterized by a loss of elastic tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevan G Lewis
- Department of Dermatology, Brown Medical School-Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI 02903, USA
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Banks ND, Redett RJ, Mofid MZ, Manson PN. Cutis laxa: clinical experience and outcomes. Plast Reconstr Surg 2003; 111:2434-42; discussion 2443-4. [PMID: 12794493 DOI: 10.1097/01.prs.0000060800.54979.0c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nia D Banks
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Department of Dermatology, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287-0980, USA
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Abstract
PURPOSE To report ocular findings in a patient with cutis laxa acquisita. METHODS Case report RESULTS A 44-year-old man complained of excessively loose skin for 4 years and had no family history of skin disease. Dermatological examination showed lax and wrinkled skin all over his body. He had bilateral subconjunctival fat prolapse and dermatochalasis. CONCLUSIONS This case of acquired form of cutis laxa is noteworthy because subconjunctival fat prolapse and dermatochalasis are uncommon at this relatively young age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meltem F Söylev
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
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Rongioletti F, Cutolo M, Bondavalli P, Rebora A. Acral localized acquired cutis laxa associated with rheumatoid arthritis. J Am Acad Dermatol 2002; 46:128-30. [PMID: 11756959 DOI: 10.1067/mjd.2002.117394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We report the first case of the acral localization of the acquired form of cutis laxa associated with severe rheumatoid arthritis. The skin laxity was preceded by episodes of itching and swelling of the hands and feet. Histopathology showed that the elastic fibers were lost in the areas of cutis laxa and decreased in adjacent skin. The pathogenetic relationship with rheumatoid arthritis or the intake of related drugs is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franco Rongioletti
- Department of Endocrinological and Metabolic Disease, Section of Dermatology, and University of Genoa, Italy
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Abstract
UNLABELLED Sarcoidosis is a systemic noncaseating granulomatous disorder of unknown origin. The cutaneous manifestations of sarcoidosis often enable the dermatologist to be the first physician to make the diagnosis. This article reviews essential sarcoidosis pathophysiology, clinical polymorphisms, systemic evaluation, and treatment modalities for cutaneous sarcoidosis to further enhance the dermatologist's understanding of this disease entity. LEARNING OBJECTIVE At the conclusion of this learning activity, participants should be familiar with the theories of the pathogenesis of sarcoidosis, its cutaneous manifestations, its various syndromes and associations, and its presentation in children. Participants should also be more knowledgeable about diagnostic evaluation, measurement of disease progression, treatment modalities, and the prognosis and mortality data of sarcoidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C English
- Department of Dermatology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
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Nikko A, Dunnigan M, Black A, Cockerell CJ. Acquired cutis laxa associated with a plasma cell dyscrasia. Am J Dermatopathol 1996; 18:533-7. [PMID: 8902101 DOI: 10.1097/00000372-199610000-00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Acquired cutis laxa (generalized acquired elastolysis) is characterized by skin laxity often with systemic involvement of the lungs, aorta, gastrointestinal tract, and pelvic organs. Although there have been many speculations regarding its pathogenesis, the etiology of this condition is still unclear. We describe a patient with generalized acquired cutis laxa associated with a plasma cell dyscrasia. Immunofluorescence studies were used to evaluate the pathogenesis of the elastolysis. Lesional skin was examined by direct and indirect immunofluorescence techniques for evidence of deposition of immunoglobulins on elastic fibers in the dermis. Direct immunofluorescence revealed deposition of IgG on elastic fibers in the dermis. Some patients with acquired cutis laxa have underlying lymphoreticular disorders such as plasma cell dyscrasia and may have immunoglobulins deposited on dermal elastic fibers. Immune-mediated mechanisms may play a major role in the pathogenesis of acquired cutis laxa in at least some cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Nikko
- Department of Dermatology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, USA
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GARCÍA-PATOS V, PUJOL R, BARNADAS M, PÉREZ M, MORENO A, CONDOMINES J, GELPI C, RODRÍGUEZ J, MORAGAS J. Generalized acquired cutis laxa associated with coeliac disease: evidence of immunoglobulin A deposits on the dermal elastic fibres. Br J Dermatol 1996. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.1996.tb03625.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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