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Catalfamo LM, Marrone G, Basilicata M, Vivarini I, Paolino V, Della-Morte D, De Ponte FS, Di Daniele F, Quattrone D, De Rinaldis D, Bollero P, Di Daniele N, Noce A. The Utility of Capsicum annuum L. in Internal Medicine and In Dentistry: A Comprehensive Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:11187. [PMID: 36141454 PMCID: PMC9517535 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191811187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Capsaicin is a chili peppers extract, genus Capsicum, commonly used as a food spice. Since ancient times, Capsaicin has been used as a "homeopathic remedy" for treating a wild range of pathological conditions but without any scientific knowledge about its action. Several studies have demonstrated its potentiality in cardiovascular, nephrological, nutritional, and other medical fields. Capsaicin exerts its actions thanks to the bond with transient receptor potential vanilloid subtype 1 (TRPV1). TRPV1 is a nociceptive receptor, and its activation starts with a neurosensitive impulse, responsible for a burning pain sensation. However, constant local application of Capsaicin desensitized neuronal cells and leads to relief from neuropathic pain. In this review, we analyze the potential adjuvant role of Capsaicin in the treatment of different pathological conditions either in internal medicine or dentistry. Moreover, we present our experience in five patients affected by oro-facial pain consequent to post-traumatic trigeminal neuropathy, not responsive to any remedy, and successfully treated with topical application of Capsaicin. The topical application of Capsaicin is safe, effective, and quite tolerated by patients. For these reasons, in addition to the already-proven beneficial actions in the internal field, it represents a promising method for the treatment of neuropathic oral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciano Maria Catalfamo
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences, Morphological and Functional Images, University Hospital of Messina, 98100 Messina, Italy
| | - Giulia Marrone
- UOC of Internal Medicine-Center of Hypertension and Nephrology Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Michele Basilicata
- UOSD Special Care Dentistry, Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00100 Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Vivarini
- UOC of Internal Medicine-Center of Hypertension and Nephrology Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenza Paolino
- UOSD Special Care Dentistry, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00100 Rome, Italy
| | - David Della-Morte
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, San Raffaele University, 00166 Rome, Italy
- Department of Neurology, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Francesco Saverio De Ponte
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences, Morphological and Functional Images, University Hospital of Messina, 98100 Messina, Italy
| | - Francesca Di Daniele
- School of Applied Medical, Surgical Sciences, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
- UOSD of Dermatology, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Domenico Quattrone
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences, Morphological and Functional Images, University Hospital of Messina, 98100 Messina, Italy
| | - Danilo De Rinaldis
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences, Morphological and Functional Images, University Hospital of Messina, 98100 Messina, Italy
| | - Patrizio Bollero
- UOSD Special Care Dentistry, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00100 Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Di Daniele
- UOC of Internal Medicine-Center of Hypertension and Nephrology Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Annalisa Noce
- UOC of Internal Medicine-Center of Hypertension and Nephrology Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
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Wang F, Xue Y, Fu L, Wang Y, He M, Zhao L, Liao X. Extraction, purification, bioactivity and pharmacological effects of capsaicin: a review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:5322-5348. [PMID: 33591238 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1884840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Capsaicin (trans-8-methyl-N-vanillyl-6-nonenamide), a well-known vanilloid, which is the main spicy component in chili peppers, showing several biological activities and the potential applications range from food flavorings to therapeutics. Traditional extraction of capsaicin by organic solvents was time-consuming, some new methods such as aqueous two-phase method and ionic liquid extraction method have been developed. During past few decades, an ample variety of biological effects of capsaicin have been evaluated. Capsaicin can be used in biofilms and antifouling coatings due to its antimicrobial activity, allowing it has a promising application in food packaging, food preservation, marine environment and dental therapy. Capsaicin also play a crucial role in metabolic disorders, including weight loss, pressure lowing and insulin reduction effects. In addition, capsaicin was identified effective on preventing human cancers, such as lung cancer, stomach cancer, colon cancer and breast cancer by inducing apoptosis and inhibiting cell proliferation of tumor cells. Previous research also suggest the positive effects of capsaicin on pain relief and cognitive impairment. Capsaicin, the agonist of transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1), could selectively activate TRPV1, inducing Ca2+ influx and related signaling pathways. Recently, gut microbiota was also involved in some diseases therapeutics, but its influence on the effects of capsaicin still need to be deeply studied. In this review, different extraction and purification methods of capsaicin, its biological activities and pharmacological effects were systematically summarized, as well as the possible mechanisms were also deeply discussed. This article will give an updated and better understanding of capsaicin-related biological effects and provide theoretical basis for its further research and applications in human health and manufacture development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengzhang Wang
- College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Xue
- College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Fu
- ACK Company, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yongtao Wang
- College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Minxia He
- ACK Company, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Xinghua Industrial Research Centre for Food Science and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Xinghua, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaojun Liao
- College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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MacDonald EA, Rose RA, Quinn TA. Neurohumoral Control of Sinoatrial Node Activity and Heart Rate: Insight From Experimental Models and Findings From Humans. Front Physiol 2020; 11:170. [PMID: 32194439 PMCID: PMC7063087 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The sinoatrial node is perhaps one of the most important tissues in the entire body: it is the natural pacemaker of the heart, making it responsible for initiating each-and-every normal heartbeat. As such, its activity is heavily controlled, allowing heart rate to rapidly adapt to changes in physiological demand. Control of sinoatrial node activity, however, is complex, occurring through the autonomic nervous system and various circulating and locally released factors. In this review we discuss the coupled-clock pacemaker system and how its manipulation by neurohumoral signaling alters heart rate, considering the multitude of canonical and non-canonical agents that are known to modulate sinoatrial node activity. For each, we discuss the principal receptors involved and known intracellular signaling and protein targets, highlighting gaps in our knowledge and understanding from experimental models and human studies that represent areas for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eilidh A MacDonald
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Robert A Rose
- Cumming School of Medicine, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - T Alexander Quinn
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.,School of Biomedical Engineering, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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Kaczyńska K, Szereda-Przestaszewska M. Cardio-respiratory effects of systemic neurotensin injection are mediated through activation of neurotensin NTS₁ receptors. Eur J Pharmacol 2012; 691:245-50. [PMID: 22819705 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2012.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2012] [Revised: 06/27/2012] [Accepted: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of our study was to determine the cardio-respiratory pattern exerted by the systemic injection of neurotensin, contribution of neurotensin NTS(1) receptors and the neural pathways mediating the responses. The effects of an intravenous injection (i.v.) of neurotensin were investigated in anaesthetized, spontaneously breathing rats in following experimental schemes: (i) control animals before and after midcervical vagotomy; (ii) in three separate subgroups of rats: neurally intact, vagotomized at supranodosal level and initially midcervically vagotomized exposed to section of the carotid sinus nerves (CSNs); (iii) in the intact rats 2 minutes after blockade of neurotensin NTS(1) receptors with SR 142948. Intravenous injection of 10 μg/kg of neurotensin in the intact rats evoked prompt increase in the respiratory rate followed by a prolonged slowing down coupled with augmented tidal volume. Midcervical vagotomy precluded the effects of neurotensin on the frequency of breathing, while CSNs section reduced the increase in tidal volume. In all the neural states neurotensin caused significant fall in mean arterial blood pressure preceded by prompt hypertensive response. The cardio-respiratory effects of neurotensin were blocked by pre-treatment with NTS(1) receptor antagonist. The results of this study showed that neurotensin acting through NTS(1) receptors augments the tidal component of the breathing pattern in a large portion via carotid body afferentation whereas the respiratory timing response to neurotensin depends entirely on the intact midcervical vagi. Blood pressure effects evoked by an intravenous neurotensin occur outside vagal and CSNs pathways and might result from activation of the peripheral vascular NTS(1) receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Kaczyńska
- Laboratory of Respiratory Reflexes, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawiński St., 02-106 Warsaw, Poland.
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Zhou XF, Livett BG. Capsaicin-sensitive sensory neurons are involved in the plasma catecholamine response of rats to selective stressors. J Physiol 1991; 433:393-407. [PMID: 1841948 PMCID: PMC1181378 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.1991.sp018433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
1. The effect of capsaicin pre-treatment on adrenal catecholamine (CA) secretion in response to stress is controversial. In earlier experiments performed under pentobarbitone anaesthesia, the release of CA in response to stress was complicated by the effects of the barbiturate anaesthesia. 2. In the present study we have used conscious freely moving rats with indwelling cannulae to study the effect of neonatal capsaicin pre-treatment on the plasma CA response to different types of stressors (swimming stress, hypovolaemic stress, immobilization stress and cold stress). 3. After swimming for 20 min, plasma noradrenaline (NA) levels increased by 8-fold and adrenaline by 2-fold in control rats. The increase in plasma NA levels in the capsaicin group was attenuated at 10 min of swimming compared with the vehicle group (P < 0.05). 4. With hypovolaemic stress, there were no differences in plasma CA levels, blood pressure and heart rate between the capsaicin group and the vehicle group. There were also no differences in plasma CA levels after immobilization stress between the two groups. 5. With cold stress, plasma NA levels increased 5-fold and adrenaline levels by 3-fold over basal at 45 min in the vehicle pre-treated rats. This increase was not observed in the capsaicin group. 6. Immunoreactive substance P was depleted by only 68% in the splanchnic nerve following capsaicin pre-treatment. If the remaining 32% was biologically active substance P then it could account for the maintenance of the response to hypovolaemic and immobilization stress. However, it might be possible that the responses to hypovolaemic and immobilization stresses could be attenuated if a more complete depletion were achieved. 7. These results in conscious rats indicate that capsaicin-sensitive sensory neurons are required for plasma CA response to selective stressors. They are required for CA output in response to cold stress and to the early phase of swimming stress, but not to hypovolaemic stress and immobilization stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- X F Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Rioux F, Lemieux M, Lebel M. Effect of initial blood pressure level on cardiovascular reflexes caused by intraperitoneal neurotensin. Peptides 1990; 11:921-6. [PMID: 2284202 DOI: 10.1016/0196-9781(90)90010-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The reflex changes of systemic blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) induced by intraperitoneal (IP) injections of neurotensin-containing solutions (NTCS) were measured in anesthetized guinea pigs whose BP was raised up by intravenous (IV) infusions of either angiotensin II (ATII) or noradrenaline (NA), and compared to those observed in control animals (i.e., saline-infused guinea pigs with low initial BP level). The amplitudes of reflex pressor and tachycardic responses to IP NTCS were either not affected or reduced in animals whose BP was raised with ATII or NA. However, no hypotensive effect was observed, following IP NTCS, in any of the animals tested. The results indicate that high initial BP levels tend to attenuate the reflex increases of BP and HR caused by IP NTCS, the level of inhibition being largely determined by the type of vasopressor agent utilized to raise up the BP. They also suggest that the initial BP level is unlikely to be an important factor in determining whether the activation of capsaicin-sensitive visceral afferents will produce hypotensive or hypertensive effects in this animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Rioux
- Centre de Recherche, Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, Canada
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