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Prospective, randomized, double-blind clinical study of split-body comparison of topical hydroquinone and hexylresorcinol for skin pigment appearance. Arch Dermatol Res 2022; 315:1207-1214. [DOI: 10.1007/s00403-022-02514-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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2
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Yoon JH, Kim DW, Lee SK, Kim SG. Effects of 4-hexylresorcinol administration on the submandibular glands in a growing rat model. Head Face Med 2022; 18:16. [PMID: 35668488 PMCID: PMC9172157 DOI: 10.1186/s13005-022-00320-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background 4-Hexylresorcinol (4HR) is a food additive and class I histone deacetylase inhibitor. In this study, we examined the effects of 4HR administration on the submandibular gland in a growing rat model. Methods Four-week-old rats were used in this study. The experimental group (nine males and eight females) received 12.8 mg/kg of 4HR weekly for 12 weeks. Ten rats (five males and five females) were used as controls. The submandibular glands of rats were collected 12 weeks after the first administration of 4HR. The weight of the glands was measured. Histological analysis, immunoprecipitation-high-performance liquid chromatography (IP-HPLC), and western blotting were performed. Results The weights of the rat submandibular glands were higher in the experimental groups than in the control group, especially in male rats (P < 0.05). The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and testosterone in the submandibular glands were more highly expressed in 4HR-treated male rats than in untreated rats, as detected by both western blotting and immunohistochemistry. The IP-HPLC results demonstrated that the expression levels of Ki67, epidermal growth factor, and testosterone in the submandibular glands were higher in 4HR-treated male rats than in untreated rats. Conclusions This study demonstrated that the systemic administration of 4HR increased the weight of submandibular glands in male rats. In addition, the testosterone and VEGF expression levels in the submandibular glands increased owing to 4HR administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo-Hyung Yoon
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Jukheon gil 7, 25457, Gangneung, Gangwondo, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Won Kim
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, 28644, Gangneung, Korea
| | - Suk Keun Lee
- Institution of Hydrogen Magnetic Reaction Gene Regulation, 34140, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Seong-Gon Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Jukheon gil 7, 25457, Gangneung, Gangwondo, Republic of Korea.
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Ye Z, Jiang B, Gao D, Ping W, Ge J. Bacillus spp. increase the Paracin 1.7 titer of L. paracasei HD1.7 in sauerkraut juice: Emphasis on the influence of inoculation conditions on the symbiotic relationship. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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4
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Wolińska E, Hałdys K, Góra J, Olszewski TK, Boduszek B, Latajka R. Phosphonic and Phosphinic Acid Derivatives as Novel Tyrosinase Inhibitors: Kinetic Studies and Molecular Docking. Chem Biodivers 2019; 16:e1900167. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201900167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Wolińska
- Department of Bioorganic ChemistryWrocław University of Science and Technology Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27 50-370 Wrocław Poland
| | - Katarzyna Hałdys
- Department of Bioorganic ChemistryWrocław University of Science and Technology Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27 50-370 Wrocław Poland
| | - Jerzy Góra
- Department of Bioorganic ChemistryWrocław University of Science and Technology Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27 50-370 Wrocław Poland
| | - Tomasz K. Olszewski
- Department of Organic ChemistryWrocław University of Science and Technology Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27 50-370 Wrocław Poland
| | - Bogdan Boduszek
- Department of Organic ChemistryWrocław University of Science and Technology Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27 50-370 Wrocław Poland
| | - Rafał Latajka
- Department of Bioorganic ChemistryWrocław University of Science and Technology Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27 50-370 Wrocław Poland
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Hałdys K, Latajka R. Thiosemicarbazones with tyrosinase inhibitory activity. MEDCHEMCOMM 2019; 10:378-389. [PMID: 31015905 DOI: 10.1039/c9md00005d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Tyrosinase plays an essential role in melanogenesis. Excess production of melanin can be a reason for hyperpigmentation skin disorders in mammals and enzymatic browning in plant-derived foods. Catalyzing the rate-limiting step of melanin synthesis, tyrosinase has become the most studied target for melanogenesis inhibition. Over the past ten years, a number of synthetic thiosemicarbazone derivatives have been reported to possess strong tyrosinase inhibitory properties with IC50 values below 1 μM, placing them among the most potent tyrosinase inhibitors. This review gives an overview of tyrosinase activity and describes tyrosinase-inhibiting thiosemicarbazones in terms of their structure-activity relationships, kinetics of enzyme inhibition and mechanism of action. Results of the studies of thiosemicarbazones as tyrosinase inhibitors from over 20 research articles have been analyzed, compared and summarized in the present paper. Using thiosemicarbazones as tyrosinase inhibitors is a promising approach in developing anti-melanogenetic agents for skin-whitening cosmetics and anti-browning agents for food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Hałdys
- Wrocław University of Science and Technology , Department of Bioorganic Chemistry , Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27 , 50-370 , Wrocław , Poland .
| | - Rafał Latajka
- Wrocław University of Science and Technology , Department of Bioorganic Chemistry , Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27 , 50-370 , Wrocław , Poland .
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López-Caballero M, Martínez-Álvarez O, Gómez-Guillén M, Montero P. Several melanosis-inhibiting formulas to enhance the quality of deepwater pink shrimp (Parapenaeus longirostris). INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2018.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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8
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Molecular design of potent, hydrophilic tyrosinase inhibitors based on the natural dihydrooxyresveratrol skeleton. Carbohydr Res 2019; 472:42-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2018.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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9
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Hao Y, Gao X, Xia W. Determination of 4-Hexylresorcinol in Shrimp Samples by Solid Phase Extraction Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23092173. [PMID: 30158429 PMCID: PMC6225284 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23092173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A method for the rapid determination of 4-hexylresorcinol (4-HR) residue in shrimp by solid phase extraction (SPE) ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) was established. 4-HR was extracted twice with methanol, and the extract was formulated into methanol-water solution (1:1). After being cleaned up and concentrated by a PRIME HLB solid phase extraction column, the sample was analyzed by UPLC-MS/MS and quantitatively determined by an external standard method. The separation was performed with a gradient system consisting of water and acetonitrile as the mobile phase. Monitoring was performed by electrospray ionization (ESI) in negative ion mode using multiple ion reaction monitoring (MRM). Good linearity was obtained in the concentration range of 1.0⁻100.0 μg/L, with correlation coefficients larger than 0.999. The limit of detection (LOD) was 0.25 μg/kg and the limit of quantification (LOQ) was 0.80 μg/kg. The average recoveries of 4-HR at spiked concentrations of 2.40, 6.40 and 16 μg/kg ranged from 81.35% to 94.68% with the relative standard deviations (n = 6) from 3.57% to 6.86%. The results showed that the method is simple, fast, sensitive, reliable, and reproducible; thus, it could be used as a rapid confirmation and quantitative analysis method of 4-HR residue in aquatic products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunbin Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Lihu Avenue 1800, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xuehui Gao
- School of Fishery, Zhejiang Ocean University, Haida Road 1, Zhoushan 316021, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Wenshui Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Lihu Avenue 1800, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China.
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10
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Intermolecular interactions and molecular docking investigations on 4-methoxybenzaldehyde. COMPUTATIONAL MATERIALS SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.commatsci.2018.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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11
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Luo Y, Barbosa-Cánovas G. Preservation of apple slices using ascorbic acid and 4-hexylresorcinol / Preservación de rodaj as de manzana con ácido ascórbico y 4-hexilresorcinol. FOOD SCI TECHNOL INT 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/108201329600200505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The use of sulphites for the prevention of browning on fruits and vegetables is banned in the USA. The possible alternative use of ascorbic acid (AA), 4-hexylresorcinol (HR), and a mixture of both on apple slices was studied taking quality retention as a function of storage time as compared with similar products treated with sulphites. The mixture of ascorbic acid and 4-hexylresorcinol (AH) significantly inhibited the browning of vacuum packaged apple slices for up to 8 weeks during storage at 0.5 °C ( p ≤ 0.001). Browning inhibition by AH was comparable to that achieved by sulphite and stronger than that of ascorbic acid (AA). In addition AH did not bleach the fruit tissue and therefore the colour of AH treated fruits was closer to the fresh apple pieces than those treated with sulphite. AH also reduced the total viable microbial counts by more than 10-fold as compared with AA treated and control apple pieces. AH treated apple pieces had a slightly firmer texture than the control and there were no adverse effects on the soluble solids and titratable acidity of the fruit. The evidence suggests that AH is a promising anti-browning formula for mini mally processed apples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. Luo
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99.164-6120, USA
| | - G.V. Barbosa-Cánovas
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99.164-6120, USA
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12
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Mosangi D, Kesavan Pillai S, Moyo L, Ray SS. Inorganic layered double hydroxides as a 4-hexyl resorcinol delivery system for topical applications. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra19195a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the hydrophobic even skin tone active, 4-hexylresorcinol is intercalated into a Zn–Al layered double hydroxide by co-precipitation method and used as controlled release ingredient in a skin care formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damodar Mosangi
- DST-CSIR National Centre for Nanostructured Materials
- Council for Scientific and Industrial Research
- Pretoria 0001
- South Africa
- Department of Applied Chemistry
| | - Sreejarani Kesavan Pillai
- DST-CSIR National Centre for Nanostructured Materials
- Council for Scientific and Industrial Research
- Pretoria 0001
- South Africa
| | - Lumbidzani Moyo
- DST-CSIR National Centre for Nanostructured Materials
- Council for Scientific and Industrial Research
- Pretoria 0001
- South Africa
| | - Suprakas Sinha Ray
- DST-CSIR National Centre for Nanostructured Materials
- Council for Scientific and Industrial Research
- Pretoria 0001
- South Africa
- Department of Applied Chemistry
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13
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Kim YH, Kim JM, Lee JS, Gang SR, Lim HS, Kim M, Lee OH. Development and validation of an analytical method for the determination of 4-hexylresorcinol in food. Food Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.06.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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14
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Ortiz-Ruiz CV, Berna J, Rodriguez-Lopez JN, Tomas V, Garcia-Canovas F. Tyrosinase-Catalyzed Hydroxylation of 4-Hexylresorcinol, an Antibrowning and Depigmenting Agent: A Kinetic Study. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:7032-7040. [PMID: 26176355 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b02523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
4-Hexylresorcinol (HR) is a compound used in the food and cosmetic industries as an antibrowning and lightening agent. Its use is mainly attributed to its inhibitory effect on the enzyme tyrosinase. However, the enzyme hydroxylates HR to an o-diphenol, which it then oxidizes to an o-quinone, which rapidly isomerizes to p-quinone. For tyrosinase to act in this way, the Eox form (oxy-tyrosinase) must be present in the reaction medium, which can be brought about by (a) hydrogen peroxide, (b) ascorbic acid, or (c) catalytic concentrations of o-diphenol and a reductant (NADH) to maintain it constant. This work demonstrates that HR is a substrate of tyrosinase and proposes a mechanism for its action. Its kinetic characterization provides a catalytic constant of 0.85 ± 0.04 s(-1) and a Michaelis constant of 60.31 ± 6.73 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Vanessa Ortiz-Ruiz
- †GENZ-Group of Research on Enzymology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology-A, ‡Group of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Department of Organic Chemistry, and #Department of Analytical Chemistry, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30071 Murcia, Spain
| | - Jose Berna
- †GENZ-Group of Research on Enzymology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology-A, ‡Group of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Department of Organic Chemistry, and #Department of Analytical Chemistry, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30071 Murcia, Spain
| | - Jose Neptuno Rodriguez-Lopez
- †GENZ-Group of Research on Enzymology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology-A, ‡Group of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Department of Organic Chemistry, and #Department of Analytical Chemistry, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30071 Murcia, Spain
| | - Virginia Tomas
- †GENZ-Group of Research on Enzymology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology-A, ‡Group of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Department of Organic Chemistry, and #Department of Analytical Chemistry, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30071 Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco Garcia-Canovas
- †GENZ-Group of Research on Enzymology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology-A, ‡Group of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Department of Organic Chemistry, and #Department of Analytical Chemistry, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30071 Murcia, Spain
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15
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Clinical efficacy and safety of 4-hexyl-1,3-phenylenediol for improving skin hyperpigmentation. Arch Dermatol Res 2014; 306:455-65. [DOI: 10.1007/s00403-014-1439-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Revised: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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16
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Manivasagan P, Venkatesan J, Sivakumar K, Kim SK. Actinobacterial melanins: current status and perspective for the future. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 29:1737-50. [PMID: 23595596 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-013-1352-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Melanins are enigmatic pigments that are produced by a wide variety of microorganisms including several species of bacteria and fungi. Melanins are biological macromolecules with multiple important functions, yet their structures are not well understood. Melanins are frequently used in medicine, pharmacology, and cosmetics preparations. Melanins also have great application potential in agriculture industry. They have several biological functions including photoprotection, thermoregulation, action as free radical sinks, cation chelators, and antibiotics. Plants and insects incorporate melanins as cell wall and cuticle strengtheners, respectively. Actinobacteria are the most economically as well as biotechnologically valuable prokaryotes. However, the melanin properties are, in general, poorly understood. In this review an evaluation is made on the present state of research on actinobacterial melanins and its perspectives. The highlights include the production and biotechnological applications of melanins in agriculture, food, cosmetic and medicinal fields. With increasing advancement in science and technology, there would be greater demands in the future for melanins produced by actinobacteria from various sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panchanathan Manivasagan
- Marine Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Marine Bioprocess Research Center, Pukyong National University, Busan, 608-737, Republic of Korea,
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Tajima R, Oozeki H, Muraoka S, Tanaka S, Motegi Y, Nihei H, Yamada Y, Masuoka N, Nihei KI. Synthesis and evaluation of bibenzyl glycosides as potent tyrosinase inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2011; 46:1374-81. [PMID: 21334791 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2011.01.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2010] [Revised: 01/27/2011] [Accepted: 01/27/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Bibenzyl glycosides 1-6 were synthesized from 2,4-dihydoxybenzaldehyde and xylose, glucose, cellobiose or maltose. The key steps in the synthesis were the Wittig reaction and trichloroacetimidate glycosylation. Tests for tyrosinase inhibitory activity showed that all were significantly active, indicating that they are unique hydrophilic tyrosinase inhibitors. Bibenzyl xyloside 2 is a particularly potent inhibitor (IC(50) = 0.43 μM, 17 times higher than that of kojic acid). These results suggest that the hydrophilic cavity of tyrosinase might accommodate the bulky carbohydrate on the bibenzyl scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reiko Tajima
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 321-0943, Japan
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Olivares SP, Risso S, Gutiérrez MI. Solvent effects on the spectroscopic properties of 4-hexylresorcinol. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2008; 71:336-339. [PMID: 18282797 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2007.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2007] [Revised: 12/24/2007] [Accepted: 12/27/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A study was made on the spectroscopic properties of 4-hexylresorcinol (4HR) in several solvents at room temperature. Absorption and emission spectra were slightly affected by solvent polarity. Stokes' shifts were small (approximately 3000 cm(-1)) and the fluorescence quantum yields varied between 0.05 and 0.68, depending on the solvent. The spectral shifts were correlated with different solvent scales. Multiple regression analysis indicates that both non-specific solute-solvent interactions as well as specific solute-solvent interactions (such as hydrogen bonding) play an important role in the position of the Stokes' shift and on the fluorescence quantum yield in the solvents under study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Patricia Olivares
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco, 9000 Comodoro Rivadavia, Argentina
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Zheng ZP, Cheng KW, Chao J, Wu J, Wang M. Tyrosinase inhibitors from paper mulberry (Broussonetia papyrifera). Food Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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20
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López-Caballero ME, Martínez-Alvarez O, Gómez-Guillén MDC, Montero P. Quality of thawed deepwater pink shrimp (Parapenaeus longirostris) treated with melanosis-inhibiting formulations during chilled storage. Int J Food Sci Technol 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2006.01328.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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21
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Parvez S, Kang M, Chung HS, Bae H. Naturally occurring tyrosinase inhibitors: mechanism and applications in skin health, cosmetics and agriculture industries. Phytother Res 2007; 21:805-16. [PMID: 17605157 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.2184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 255] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Tyrosinase is a copper-containing enzyme, which is widely distributed in microorganisms, animals and plants and is a key enzyme in melanin biosynthesis, involved in determining the color of mammalian skin and hair. In addition, unfavorable enzymatic browning of plant-derived foods by tyrosinase causes a decrease in nutritional quality and economic loss of food products. The inadequacy of current conventional methods to prevent tyrosinase action encourages researchers to seek new potent tyrosinase inhibitors for food and cosmetics. This article presents a study on the importance of tyrosinase, biochemical characteristics, type of inhibitions, activators from various natural sources with its clinical and industrial importance in recent prospects is discussed in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoukat Parvez
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), P.O. 577, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
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22
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Martı´nez-Alvarez O, López-Caballero M, Montero P, Gómez-Guillén M. Spraying of 4-hexylresorcinol based formulations to prevent enzymatic browning in Norway lobsters (Nephrops norvegicus) during chilled storage. Food Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2005.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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23
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Mendes R, Pestana J, Pestana C. Changes in 4-hexylresorcinol residues during processing of deepwater pink shrimp (Parapenaeus longirostris). Eur Food Res Technol 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-005-0231-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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24
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Sharma VK, Choi J, Sharma N, Choi M, Seo SY. In vitro anti-tyrosinase activity of 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-furfural isolated fromDictyophora indusiata. Phytother Res 2004; 18:841-4. [PMID: 15551389 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.1428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase by methanolic extract of Dictyophora indusiata was evaluated and the bioactive component was characterized and identified as 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-furfural (HMF) by chromatographic and spectroscopic means. Kinetic studies revealed it to be a noncompetitive inhibitor for the oxidation of L-DOPA. On the basis of these findings some related analogues were also tested for their anti-tyrosinase activity, in order to gain more insight into structure and activity relationship among these heterocyclic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay K Sharma
- Applied Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Kongju National University, Kongju, Republic of Korea
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25
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Seo SY, Sharma VK, Sharma N. Mushroom tyrosinase: recent prospects. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2003; 51:2837-53. [PMID: 12720364 DOI: 10.1021/jf020826f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 536] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Tyrosinase, also known as polyphenol oxidase, is a copper-containing enzyme, which is widely distributed in microorganisms, animals, and plants. Nowadays mushroom tyrosinase has become popular because it is readily available and useful in a number of applications. This work presents a study on the importance of tyrosinase, especially that derived from mushroom, and describes its biochemical character and inhibition and activation by the various chemicals obtained from natural and synthetic origins with its clinical and industrial importance in the recent prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Yum Seo
- Applied Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Kongju National University, Kongju 314-701, South Korea.
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Shimizu K, Yasutake S, Kondo R. A new stilbene with tyrosinase inhibitory activity from Chlorophora excelsa. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2003; 51:318-9. [PMID: 12612420 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.51.318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A new stilbene, 4-[(2"E)-7"-hydroxy-3",7"-dimethyloct-2"-enyl]-2',3,4',5-tetrahydroxy-trans-stilbene (1), and the known compound chlorophorin (2) were isolated from the heartwood of Chlorophora excelsa. Both 1 and 2 showed tyrosinase inhibitory activity with IC(50) values of 96 and 1.3 microM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuniyoshi Shimizu
- Department of Forest and Forest Products Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
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Jiménez M, Chazarra S, Escribano J, Cabanes J, García-Carmona F. Competitive inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase by 4-substituted benzaldehydes. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2001; 49:4060-4063. [PMID: 11513710 DOI: 10.1021/jf010194h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A kinetic study of the inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase by 4-substituted benzaldehydes showed that these compounds behave as classical competitive inhibitors, inhibiting the oxidation of L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) by mushroom tyrosinase (o-diphenolase activity). The kinetic parameter (K(I)) characterizing this inhibition was evaluated for all of the seven compounds assayed. Cuminaldehyde showed the most potent inhibitory activity (K(I) = 9 microM). It also inhibited the oxidation of L-tyrosine by mushroom tyrosinase (o-monophenolase activity) in a competitive manner. The corresponding kinetic parameter for this inhibition was evaluated (K(I) = 0.12 mM).
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Affiliation(s)
- M Jiménez
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular A, Unidad Docente de Biología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Murcia, E-30080, Murcia, Spain.
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Pérez-Gilabert M, García Carmona F. Characterization of catecholase and cresolase activities of eggplant polyphenol oxidase. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2000; 48:695-700. [PMID: 10725136 DOI: 10.1021/jf990292r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In the present paper the catecholase and cresolase activities of eggplant polyphenol oxidase (PPO) are described. To preserve the latter activity, a partially purified enzyme was used. Peroxidase was removed from the preparation to avoid its interference with PPO during phenol oxidation. The partially purified eggplant PPO was fully active. The catecholase/cresolase ratio of 41.1 indicated that, in a pH close to the physiological, diphenol oxidation predominates over monophenol oxidation. The characteristic lag phase of the cresolase activity is modulated by the pH, the monophenol and diphenol concentrations, and the enzyme's concentration. The effect of several inhibitors was also tested, and the K(i) values of the two most effective (tropolone and 4-hexylresorcinol) were determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pérez-Gilabert
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular-A, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, E-30071 Murcia, Spain
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Jiménez M, García-Carmona F. Oxidation of the flavonol quercetin by polyphenol oxidase. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 1999; 47:56-60. [PMID: 10563849 DOI: 10.1021/jf9805653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Because direct oxidation of flavonols by polyphenol oxidase (PPO) has not previously been reported and, given the importance of flavonols, the ability of broad bean seed PPO to oxidize the flavonol quercetin was studied. The reaction was followed by recording spectral changes with time. Maximal spectral changes were observed at 291 nm (increase) and at 372 nm (decrease). The presence of two isosbectic points (at 272 and 342 nm) suggested the formation of only one absorbent product. These spectral changes were not observed in the absence of PPO. The oxidation rate, which varied with pH, was highest at pH 5.0. The following kinetic parameters were also determined: V(m) = 11 microM/min, K(m) = 646 microM, V(m)/K(m) = 17 x 10(-)(2) min(-)(1). Flavonol oxidation was efficiently inhibited (K(I) = 3.5 microM) by specific PPO inhibitors such as 4-hexylresorcinol. The results obtained showed that quercetin oxidation was strictly dependent on the presence of PPO.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Jiménez
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular A, Unidad Docente de Biología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Murcia, E-30080 Murcia, Spain.
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Jiménez M, Escribano-Cebrián J, García-Carmona F. Oxidation of the flavonol fisetin by polyphenol oxidase. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1998; 1425:534-42. [PMID: 9838217 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-4165(98)00108-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The present study demonstrates the antiradical efficiency of fisetin, a flavonol widely distributed in fruits and vegetables, by its ability to react with two different free radicals, ABTS; and DPPH;. The polyphenolic nature of fisetin led us to consider whether it might be oxidised by polyphenol oxidase (PPO), and the results reported show that it can be oxidised by PPO extracted and partially purified from broad bean seeds. The reaction was followed by recording spectral changes with time, with maximal spectral changes being observed at 282 nm (increase in absorbance) and at 362 nm (decrease). The presence of two isosbectic points (at 265 and 304 nm) suggested that only one absorbent product was formed. These spectral changes were not observed in the absence of PPO. The oxidation rate varied with the pH, reaching its highest value at pH 5.5. The fisetin oxidation rate increased in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate, an activator of polyphenol oxidase. Maximal activity was obtained at 0.87 mM sodium dodecyl sulfate. The following kinetic parameters were determined: Vmax=49 microM/min, Km=0.6 mM, Vmax/Km=8.2x10-2 min-1. Flavonol oxidation was inhibited by selective PPO inhibitors such as cinnamic acid (a classical competitive inhibitor, Ki=1.4 mM) and 4-hexylresorcinol, which behaved as a slow-binding inhibitor. The results reported show that fisetin oxidation was strictly dependent on the presence of polyphenol oxidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Jiménez
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular A, Unidad Docente de Biología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Murcia, E-30080 Murcia, Spain.
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Guandalini E, Ioppolo A, Mantovani A, Stacchini P, Giovannini C. 4-Hexylresorcinol as inhibitor of shrimp melanosis: efficacy and residues studies; evaluation of possible toxic effect in a human intestinal in vitro model (Caco-2); preliminary safety assessment. FOOD ADDITIVES AND CONTAMINANTS 1998; 15:171-80. [PMID: 9602923 DOI: 10.1080/02652039809374627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Studies were performed on the efficacy, residues and in vitro enterocyte toxicity of 4-hexylresorcinol (4-HR), which could be utilized as an inhibitor of shrimp melanosis (black spot). Mediterranean sea shrimp (Parapaeneus longirostris) were treated with solutions of 4-HR in sea-water, at three different concentrations, 25, 50 or 100 mg/kg of shrimp, to test its antioxidative property. As a comparison a group of shrimp was treated with sodium metabisulphite (1 g/kg), while another group was left untreated. 4-HR showed a marked ability to inhibit or slow down melanosis (black spot) in shrimp; the most effective concentration was 100 mg/kg within an optimum period of 7 days but with effects up to the tenth day. During the first 5 days, 4-HR residues in the edible part of the shrimp showed a fast decrease in all three groups, going from initial average values of 20 mg/kg at 0 time, to 0.9 in the group treated at 25 mg/kg; from 42 to 1.8 mg/kg in the group at 50 mg/kg and from 85 to 1.9 mg/kg in the group at 100 mg/kg. In vitro studies on enterocyte-like Caco-2 cells did not indicate any cytotoxic effect up to a concentration of 50 micrograms/ml. Moreover, no inhibition of protein synthesis was observed, which lends further support to the absence of significant damage to the intestinal mucosa induced by 4-HR. The available database on 4-HR pharmacology and toxicology is inadequate to determine even a provisional ADI. There is negative evidence of carcinogenesis and no significant untoward effects were observed in humans when it was used as an anthelmintic. However, it is not possible to determine a NOEL for non-genotoxic effects. 4-HR could become an interesting alternative to the use of sulphites to prevent black spot. However, a more complete database is needed to achieve a regulatory evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Guandalini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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Ashie IN, Smith JP, Simpson BK. Spoilage and shelf-life extension of fresh fish and shellfish. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 1996; 36:87-121. [PMID: 8747101 DOI: 10.1080/10408399609527720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 265] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Fresh fish and shellfish are highly perishable products due to their biological composition. Under normal refrigerated storage conditions, the shelf life of these products is limited by enzymatic and microbiological spoilage. However, with increasing consumer demands for fresh products with extended shelf life and increasing energy costs associated with freezing and frozen storage, the fish-processing industry is actively seeking alternative methods of shelf life preservation and marketability of fresh, refrigerated fish and at the same time economizing on energy costs. Additional methods that could fulfill these objectives include chemical decontamination, low-dose irradiation, ultra-high pressure, and modified atmosphere packaging (MAP). This review focuses on the biochemical and microbiological composition of fresh fish/shellfish, the spoilage patterns in these products, factors influencing spoilage, and the combination treatments that can be used in conjunction with refrigeration to extend the shelf life and keeping quality of fresh fish/shellfish. The safety concerns of minimally processed/MAP fish, specifically with respect to the growth of Clostridium botulinum type E, is also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- I N Ashie
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Macdonald College of McGill University
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McEvily AJ, Iyengar R, Otwell WS. Inhibition of enzymatic browning in foods and beverages. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 1992; 32:253-73. [PMID: 1418602 DOI: 10.1080/10408399209527599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 361] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Enzymatic browning is a major factor contributing to quality loss in foods and beverages. Sulfiting agents are used commonly to control browning; however, several negative attributes associated with sulfites have created the need for functional alternatives. Recent advances in the development of nonsulfite inhibitors of enzymatic browning are reviewed. The review focuses on compositions that are of practical relevance to food use.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J McEvily
- Opta Food Ingredients, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139
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