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Resende EA, Gomes NR, Abreu LG, Castro MAA, Aguiar MCF. The applicability of ultrasound in the diagnosis of inflammatory and obstructive diseases of the major salivary glands: a scoping review. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2022; 51:20210361. [PMID: 34762496 PMCID: PMC9499200 DOI: 10.1259/dmfr.20210361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of the present scoping review was to determine the contribution of ultrasound images in the diagnosis of inflammatory and obstructive diseases of the major salivary glands (MSGs). METHODS A search of studies of ultrasonographic assessments of human samples was performed in several electronic databases and grey literature up to July 2021. The extracted data were the examined MSG; the diagnostic value of ultrasound (sensibility, specificity, positive- and negative predictive value, accuracy); features of lesions, including number, echogenicity, echotexture, form, margins, size, posterior acoustic aspect, and location; and related clinical information, such as swelling, palpation, sensible to pain, salivation, lymph nodes, recurrence, duration, and causes. RESULTS After verifying the eligibility criteria, 90 articles focused on detecting inflammatory, and obstructive diseases of the MSG were gathered, with variable study designs and size samples. A wide variety of pathologies were assessed, including sialolitiasis (n = 45), acute sialadenitis (n = 30), chronic sialadenitis (n = 25), granulamatous diseases (n = 15), Kuttner's tumor (n = 11), juvenile recurrent parotitis (n = 9), abscess (n = 7), post-radiotherapy sialadenitis (n = 6), sialadenosis (n = 9), abscess (n = 7), IgG4-related disease sialadenitis (n = 5), HIV-sialadenitis (n = 4), obstructive sialadenitis (n = 3), iodinated contrast-induced sialadenitis (n = 2), and pneumoparotitis (n = 1). Most studies were case reports or series of cases. Few studies exhibited data about the accuracy of ultrasound in detecting MSG diseases. CONCLUSIONS The present scoping review concluded that ultrasound aspects of different MSG pathologies are similar but contribute to their differential diagnosis and can be considered as a valuable initial method for assessing the MSG of adults and children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eustáquio A. Resende
- Department of Dental Clinics, Oral Pathology, and Oral Surgery of the Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Nathália R. Gomes
- Department of Dental Clinics, Oral Pathology, and Oral Surgery of the Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Lucas G. Abreu
- Department of Child and Adolescent Oral Health of the Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Mauricio A. A. Castro
- Department of Dental Clinics, Oral Pathology, and Oral Surgery of the Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Maria C. F. Aguiar
- Department of Dental Clinics, Oral Pathology, and Oral Surgery of the Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Ultrasound in Inflammatory and Obstructive Salivary Gland Diseases: Own Experiences and a Review of the Literature. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10163547. [PMID: 34441850 PMCID: PMC8397054 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10163547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Ultrasound is established as a diagnostic tool in salivary glands for obstructive diseases such as sialolithiasis and tumors. Concerning inflammatory diseases and in non-sialolithiasis-caused obstruction, much fewer data are available. In recent years, technical development has allowed a better assessment of the gland parenchyma, and knowledge about intraductal pathologies has increased considerably, which has provided new insights and a new interpretation of ultrasound findings. Objectives: To provide a comprehensive review of the literature that includes our own experiences and to point out the state of the art in ultrasound in the diagnostics of inflammatory and obstructive salivary gland diseases, taking adequate techniques and recent technical developments into consideration. Data sources and study eligibility criteria: A systematic literature search was performed in Pubmed using various specific key words. Results: According to the literature results, including our own experiences, ultrasound is of value in up to >90% of cases presenting with inflammatory and/or obstructive diseases. Technical developments (e.g., elastography) and the application of modified ultrasound techniques (e.g., transoral ultrasound) have contributed to these results. Today, ultrasound is considered a first-line diagnostic tool in these diseases. However, in some inflammatory diseases, the final diagnosis can be made only after inclusion of the anamnesis, clinical symptoms, serologic blood tests, or histopathologic investigation. Conclusions: Ultrasound can be considered as a first-line diagnostic tool in obstructive and inflammatory salivary gland diseases. In obstructive diseases, it may be sufficient for diagnostics in >90% of cases. In inflammatory diseases, ultrasound is at least an excellent screening method and can be used to establish the diagnosis in cases of an early suspicion. In all diseases ultrasound can contribute to better management and can be used for monitoring during follow-up.
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Dubey J, Shah J, Rathod M. An angulated parotid duct sialolith: Radioimaging in diagnosis. JOURNAL OF ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL RADIOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/jomr.jomr_10_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Lim EH, Nadarajah S, Mohamad I. Giant Submandibular Calculus Eroding Oral Cavity Mucosa. Oman Med J 2017; 32:432-435. [PMID: 29026477 DOI: 10.5001/omj.2017.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Sialolithiasis is the formation of calculi or sialoliths in the salivary gland. It is the most common benign condition of the salivary gland. Sialolithiasis can occur in all salivary glands. The submandibular gland is most commonly affected followed by the parotid gland. Calculi commonly measure less than 10 mm. Calculi of more than 15 mm are termed giant salivary gland calculi and are infrequently reported in the literature. Here, we report a case of unusually large submandibular gland calculus of 5 cm in greatest dimension which caused erosion of the oral cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eng Haw Lim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Sanjeevan Nadarajah
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Irfan Mohamad
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
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Shahoon H, Farhadi S, Hamedi R. Giant sialoliths of Wharton duct: Report of two rare cases and review of literature. Dent Res J (Isfahan) 2015; 12:494-7. [PMID: 26604966 PMCID: PMC4630716 DOI: 10.4103/1735-3327.166238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Sialolithiasis is a common disease of the major salivary glands, characterized by the obstruction of a salivary gland or its excretory duct due to the formation of calcareous concretions. Sialoliths usually measure from 1 mm to <10 mm. They rarely measure more than 15 mm, and infrequently giant salivary gland calculi >15 mm have been reported in the literature. The submandibular gland and its duct appear to be the most susceptible sites for this disease. In this article, we report two unique cases, including a giant bilateral case, measuring 50 mm in length and 5 mm in width on the right side and one, 30 mm in length, and 5 mm in width on the left side; and another case, measuring 83 mm in length. The diagnostic and therapeutic approaches consisted of transocclusal radiography with the conservative transoral surgical technique in both cases. The follow-up showed the normal function of the relevant salivary glands. To the best of our knowledge and belief, similar cases have not been reported in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Shahoon
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental Faculty, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sareh Farhadi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Islamic Azad University, Dental Branch of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roya Hamedi
- Department of Orthodontics, Dental Faculty, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Suhitharan T, Seevanayagam S, Parker FC, Teoh WHL. Acute unilateral submandibular gland swelling associated with the laryngeal mask airway. Singapore Med J 2015; 54:e236-9. [PMID: 24356762 DOI: 10.11622/smedj.2013248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We describe a rare complication of acute unilateral submandibular gland swelling following the use of laryngeal mask airway (LMA) in two patients with otherwise uneventful perioperative airway management. This is likely to be a consequence of the pressure exerted by the airway cuff on the tissues within the submandibular triangle. As this complication is rarely reported, its true incidence may in fact be higher, suggesting a need for greater attention on LMA cuff pressures and degree of cuff inflation. We discuss the presenting clinical features, pathophysiology and utilisation of ultrasonographic confirmation of sialadenopathy, and review the current anaesthetic literature to raise awareness of this unusual and under-reported complication of LMA. This complication can be mitigated by incorporating routine manometric checks and limiting intracuff pressures to < 60 cmH2O, potentially avoiding LMA insertions in patients with sialolithiasis and avoiding the use of nitrous oxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thangavelautham Suhitharan
- Department of Anaesthesia and Surgical Intensive Care, Changi General Hospital, 2 Simei Street 3, Singapore 529889.
| | - Sathyendran Seevanayagam
- Department of Anaesthesia and Surgical Intensive Care, Changi General Hospital, 2 Simei Street 3, Singapore 529889.
| | - Francis Christopher Parker
- Department of Anaesthesia and Surgical Intensive Care, Changi General Hospital, 2 Simei Street 3, Singapore 529889.
| | - Wendy Hui Ling Teoh
- Department of Anaesthesia and Surgical Intensive Care, Changi General Hospital, 2 Simei Street 3, Singapore 529889.
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Are All Soft Tissue Calcifications Detected by Cone-Beam Computed Tomography in the Submandibular Region Sialoliths? J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2014; 72:1531.e1-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2014.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Revised: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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8
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Endoscopically Assisted Removal of a Fish Bone Penetrating the Parotid Duct: An Unusual Case. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2014; 72:1343-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2014.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2013] [Revised: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Rama Mohan K, Koteswara Rao N, Leela Krishna G, Santosh Kumar V, Ranganath N, Vijaya Lakshmi U. Role of ultrasonography in oral and maxillofacial surgery: a review of literature. J Maxillofac Oral Surg 2014; 14:162-70. [PMID: 26028830 DOI: 10.1007/s12663-014-0616-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Maxillofacial surgery, like any other surgical specialty is greatly dependent on the discipline of radiology. This poses a greater challenge because of the complex anatomy of this region. Various investigation modalities have been applied in diagnosing various diseases which are found in the maxillofacial region, including IOPA, PET, USG, CT, MRI and panoramic radiographs. Of these, USG can easily diagnose non invasive and soft tissue diseases. It is very useful in diagnosing the diseases which are not usually evident on a conventional radiograph. However; many of the dentists are not aware of the benefits of USG in diagnosis of oral diseases. In this article, the use of ultrasound in diagnosing the various pathologies of maxillofacial region is elaborated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kodali Rama Mohan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Drs. Sudha & Nageswara Rao Siddhartha Institute of Dental Sciences, Chinnaoutpalli, Gannavaram, Vijayawada, 521286 India
| | - Nadella Koteswara Rao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Drs. Sudha & Nageswara Rao Siddhartha Institute of Dental Sciences, Chinnaoutpalli, Gannavaram, Vijayawada, 521286 India
| | - Guttikonda Leela Krishna
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Drs. Sudha & Nageswara Rao Siddhartha Institute of Dental Sciences, Chinnaoutpalli, Gannavaram, Vijayawada, 521286 India
| | - Vedati Santosh Kumar
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Drs. Sudha & Nageswara Rao Siddhartha Institute of Dental Sciences, Chinnaoutpalli, Gannavaram, Vijayawada, 521286 India
| | - Nallamothu Ranganath
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Drs. Sudha & Nageswara Rao Siddhartha Institute of Dental Sciences, Chinnaoutpalli, Gannavaram, Vijayawada, 521286 India
| | - Uppaluru Vijaya Lakshmi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Drs. Sudha & Nageswara Rao Siddhartha Institute of Dental Sciences, Chinnaoutpalli, Gannavaram, Vijayawada, 521286 India
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AIUM practice guideline for the performance of ultrasound examinations of the head and neck. JOURNAL OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE 2014; 33:366-382. [PMID: 24449746 DOI: 10.7863/ultra.33.2.366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
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Zengel P, Schrötzlmair F, Reichel C, Paprottka P, Clevert DA. Sonography: the leading diagnostic tool for diseases of the salivary glands. Semin Ultrasound CT MR 2014; 34:196-203. [PMID: 23768886 DOI: 10.1053/j.sult.2012.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Ultrasound examination is the imaging procedure with the best predictive diagnostic capability for the salivary glands. Due to the salivary glands' relatively superficial anatomical location, clear boundary from surrounding tissue and comparatively typical echogenicity, therefore sonography is ideal for diagnosis. In addition, the technical advances in recent years, including higher resolution, color Doppler sonography, contrast-enhanced ultrasound, elastography, and tissue harmonic have lead to an improvement in diagnostic accuracy of sonography further resulting in an expansion of the range of indications. Sonography allows detection of obstructive salivary gland diseases such as stenosis or sialolithiasis, as well as sialadenosis such as Sjögren syndrome. Ultrasound examination alone is sufficient to diagnose benign tumors. However, in the case of malignant tumors, computer tomography or MRI may be also required, especially to determine the question of infiltration of the skull base.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Zengel
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Grosshadern Medical Center, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Germany.
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Abstract
ABSTRACT
Orocutaneous fistula is a pathologic communication between the oral cavity and cutaneous surface. Orocutaneous fistula can occur because of dental infections, salivary gland lesions, neoplasms, or branchial fistula. Overwhelming majority comprises of parotid fistula, submandibular fistula is indeed a rare finding. We report a very unusual case of a large calculus in submandibular gland with a communicating neck fistula.
How to cite this article
Rangappa VB, Soumya MS, Sreenivas V. Salivary Fistula with a Calculus!! Int J Head Neck Surg 2014;5(2):96-98.
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Ultrasonography of salivary gland: A pictorial review. JOURNAL OF ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY MEDICINE AND PATHOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajoms.2013.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Naveen Shankar V, Ashwini NS, Kumar G, Babu S. Diagnostic significance of ultrasonography in investigations of swellings of head and neck region – A clinico-imaging study. Indian J Dent 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijd.2013.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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Patel CM, Hogarth K, Richards PS. Imaging of salivary glands. IMAGING 2013. [DOI: 10.1259/imaging.20120030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Abstract
Sialolithasis is the most common salivary gland disease. A case of an unusually large sialolith arising in the submandibular gland is presented, along with a review of the management of giant salivary gland calculi.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Fowell
- Shrewsbury & Telford Hospitals NHS Trust, Shrewsbury, UK
| | - A MacBean
- Shrewsbury & Telford Hospitals NHS Trust, Shrewsbury, UK
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Garca MF, Kavak S, Gecit I, Meral I, Demir H, Turan M, Çeğin B, Bektas H, Çankaya H. Effects of shock waves on oxidative stress in parotid gland of rat. Toxicol Ind Health 2012; 30:454-8. [PMID: 22933554 DOI: 10.1177/0748233712457452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate whether extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) exposure to parotid gland produces an oxidative stress in parotid glands of rats. Twelve male Wistar-albino rats, 6 months of age with an average body weight of 250-300 g, were divided randomly into two groups, each consisting of six rats. The animals in the first group did not receive any treatment and served as control. The left parotid glands of animals in group 2 (ESWL treated) received a thousand 18 kV shock waves after anesthetizing the rats with 50 mg/kg of ketamine. The animals in both groups were killed 72 hours after the ESWL treatment, and the parotid glands were harvested for the determination of lipid peroxidation product malondialdehyde (MDA), antioxidant glutathione (GSH) levels and the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), GSH-Px and catalase (CAT). It was found that MDA level increased in parotid glands of rats after the ESWL treatment. The SOD, GSH-Px and CAT enzyme activities, and the level of antioxidant GSH decreased in parotid gland of rats after the ESWL treatment. It was concluded that short-term ESWL treatment caused an increase in the free radical production and a decrease in the antioxidant enzyme activity in parotid glands of ESWL-treated rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Fatih Garca
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Yuzuncu Yil, Van, Turkey
| | - Servet Kavak
- Department of Biophysics, University of Yuzuncu Yil, Van, Turkey
| | - Ilhan Gecit
- Department of Urology, University of Yuzuncu Yil, Van, Turkey
| | - Ismail Meral
- Department of Physiology, Bezmialem University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Halit Demir
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Biochemistry, University of Yuzuncu Yil, Van, Turkey
| | - Mahfuz Turan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Lokman Hekim Hospital, Van, Turkey
| | - Bilal Çeğin
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation, University of Yuzuncu Yil, Van, Turkey
| | - Hava Bektas
- Department of Biophysics, University of Yuzuncu Yil, Van, Turkey
| | - Hakan Çankaya
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Yuzuncu Yil, Van, Turkey
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Kavak S, Garca MF, Gecit I, Meral İS, Cengiz N, Demir H. Effects of extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy directed at the parotid gland on oxidative stress parameters and some trace element levels in facial nerve of rats. Muscle Nerve 2012; 45:562-6. [DOI: 10.1002/mus.22326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Abstract
Obstructive diseases of the salivary glands are a common problem in otorhinolaryngology. They are mostly due to sialolithiasis followed by duct stenosis and other rarer causes. Several diagnostic modalities exist which allow classification of the disease; however, in 5-10% of all cases ultrasound and conventional radiological imaging do not provide a clear diagnosis. Ultrasound examination with contrast material injected into the duct (IA-CEUS, intraductal administered contrast-enhanced ultrasound) enables improved evaluation of obstructive diseases of the salivary glands and at the same time an evaluation of the parenchyma of the glands is possible. As a complementary method to conventional investigation techniques IA-CEUS is an economic and rapid method with low side-effects which improves the diagnostic assessment of ultrasound and results in a better treatment for patients.
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Oteri G, Procopio RM, Cicciù M. Giant Salivary Gland Calculi (GSGC): Report Of Two Cases. Open Dent J 2011; 5:90-5. [PMID: 21760861 PMCID: PMC3134965 DOI: 10.2174/1874210601105010090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2010] [Revised: 03/15/2011] [Accepted: 03/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Sialolithiasis is the most common disease of salivary glands. It is a condition characterized by the obstruction of a salivary gland or its excretory duct due to the formation of calcareous concretions, resulting in salivary ectasia and even determining the subsequent dilatation of the salivary gland. The sialolith usually measure from 1 mm to less than 10 mm. They rarely measure more than 15 mm. Infrequently giant salivary gland calculi (GSGC) >15 mm have been reported in the literature. The submandibular gland and its duct appear to be the sites most susceptible to this disease. The aims of this article were: 1) report the cases of two patients suffering of sialolithiasis caused by giant salivary gland calculi occurring in the Wharton’s duct; and 2) present the results of the literature’s research on giant sialolith. The diagnostic approach of the two cases consisted of trans-occlusal endoral radiography, orthopantomography, CTscan. The patient’s glands were treated with conservative trans-oral surgical technique stone removal in both cases, performed under local anaesthesia. The glands recovered normal function quickly after removal of the stones. For the patients the morbidity associated with salivary gland calculi removal follow-up showed asymptomatic and normally functioning glands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Oteri
- Oral Surgery Department, University of Messina, School of Dentistry, Messina, Italy
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Chandak R, Degwekar S, Bhowte RR, Motwani M, Banode P, Chandak M, Rawlani S. An evaluation of efficacy of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of head and neck swellings. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2011; 40:213-21. [PMID: 21493877 DOI: 10.1259/dmfr/68658286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of swellings in the head and neck regions. METHODS For this study, 70 cases with clinically obvious swellings in head and neck regions were selected randomly. The ultrasonographic features considered were shape, boundary, echo intensity, ultrasound architecture of lesion, posterior echoes and ultrasound characteristic of tissues. Intergroup comparisons were made between four different types of swellings: inflammatory; cystic; benign; and malignant. RESULTS A comparison was made between benign and malignant neoplasms, and the criteria of boundary, echo intensity and ultrasound architecture of lesions are statistically significant as the P-value is <0.05. The comparison of inflammatory swellings and malignant neoplasms shows that criteria of boundary and ultrasound architecture of lesions are statistically significant. The comparison of cystic swellings and benign neoplasms concluded that only the criterion of ultrasound characteristics of tissues is statistically significant. The comparison of inflammatory swellings and benign neoplasms shows that the criteria of boundary and echo intensity are statistically significant. The comparison of inflammatory swellings and cystic swellings concluded that the criteria of boundary, shape, echo intensity, posterior echoes and ultrasound characteristics of tissues are statistically significant. The comparison of cystic swellings and malignant neoplasms concluded that the criteria of ultrasonography, boundary, shape, echo intensity, ultrasound architecture of lesion, posterior echoes and ultrasound characteristics of tissues are statistically significant as the P-value is <0.05. CONCLUSION It can be concluded that clinical diagnosis had a sensitivity and accuracy of 85.7% and ultrasonographic diagnosis had a sensitivity and accuracy of 98.5%.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Chandak
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital, Sawangi (M) Wardha, India.
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A Large Sialolith Perforating the Wharton's Duct: Review of Literature and a Case Report. J Maxillofac Oral Surg 2011; 11:477-82. [PMID: 24293944 DOI: 10.1007/s12663-010-0127-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2010] [Accepted: 10/26/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sialolithiasis accounts for the most common cause of diseases of salivary glands. The majority of sialoliths occur in the submandibular gland or the Wharton's duct. This article discusses review of literature, predisposing factors, signs and symptoms, diagnostic methods and various modalities available for the management of sialolithiasis. This case report presents a case of sialolith of a large size in the left Wharton's duct, which was explored and removed via an intra-oral approach.
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Zengel P, Berghaus A, Weiler C, Reiser M, Clevert DA. Intraductally applied contrast-enhanced ultrasound (IA-CEUS) for evaluating obstructive disease and secretory dysfunction of the salivary glands. Eur Radiol 2010; 21:1339-48. [DOI: 10.1007/s00330-010-2038-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2010] [Revised: 09/15/2010] [Accepted: 10/21/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Salivary calculus diagnosis with 3-dimensional cone-beam computed tomography. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 110:94-100. [PMID: 20610300 DOI: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2010.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2009] [Revised: 02/28/2010] [Accepted: 03/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to evaluate cone-beam CT (CBCT) diagnoses of sialoliths in the major salivary glands. STUDY DESIGN Twenty-nine CBCT images containing salivary calculi were retrospectively evaluated for image quality and artifact influence. Additionally, the reproducibility of calculus measurement and the differences between CBCT measurements and ultrasonography (US) and histomorphometry (HM) measurements were determined. Diagnostic sensitivity and specificity calculations were based on the observations of 3 masked clinicians, who reviewed a total of 58 CBCT volumes. RESULTS Salivary calculi were sufficiently visualized in all patients. Metal artifacts were detected in images of 7 patients, and movement artifacts in 2. CBCT calculi measurements were highly reproducible, with mean differences of less than 350 microm. Mean CBCT measurements of calculi diameters differed from mean US measurements by approximately 500 microm and differed from mean HM measurements by approximately 1 mm. For calculus diagnoses, the mean sensitivity and specificity were both 98.85%. CONCLUSION Although poor image qualities and artifacts can reduce diagnostic information, salivary calculi can be evaluated adequately with CBCT. CBCT measurements of calculi are highly reproducible and differ little from measurements made with US and HM. Diagnostic sensitivity and specificity levels with CBCT are as high as or higher than those obtained with other diagnostic methods. Because of its high diagnostic-information-to-radiation-dose ratio, CBCT is the preferable imaging modality for salivary calculus diagnosis.
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Capaccio P, Torretta S, Pignataro L. Extracorporeal lithotripsy techniques for salivary stones. Otolaryngol Clin North Am 2010; 42:1139-59, Table of Contents. [PMID: 19962012 DOI: 10.1016/j.otc.2009.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Over the past 20 years, development of minimally invasive therapies has led to the use of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) to treat salivary stones. The two main energy sources are piezoelectric and electromagnetic extracorporeal lithotripsy. Both have the aim of fragmenting the stones. ESWL is considered the treatment of choice for all parotid calculi and submandibular perihilar or intraparenchymal stones of less than 7 mm. Continuous ultrasonographic monitoring during the procedure reduces the number of untoward effects. The main limitations are the need for multiple sessions and residual stone fragments inside the duct system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Capaccio
- Department of Specialist Surgical Sciences, Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Mangiagalli e Regina Elena, University of Milan, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122 Milano, Italy.
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Katz P, Hartl DM, Guerre A. Clinical ultrasound of the salivary glands. Otolaryngol Clin North Am 2010; 42:973-1000, Table of Contents. [PMID: 19962004 DOI: 10.1016/j.otc.2009.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Ultrasound investigation of the major salivary glands has been routinely used for the past 25 years. Ultrasound provides an immediate diagnosis in acute or chronic inflammatory salivary diseases and can visualize sialolithiasis as small as 0.4 mm. Ultrasound is also an important imaging modality for salivary gland tumors, guiding fine needle aspiration (FNA) for cytological diagnosis. It is particularly sensitive in detecting suspicious lymph nodes in the neck and helps to guide FNA. Ultrasound is a first-line tool for diagnosis of salivary pathology. It is simple to use, noninvasive, and well tolerated, even in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Katz
- Salivary Glands Functional Explorations Institut, 75017 Paris, France.
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Abstract
We report the case of a 48-year-old man who had an unusually large submandibular gland sialolith (2.6 cm in greatest dimension), which led to sialadenitis and subsequent abscess formation. We describe the management of this patient and review the literature with emphasis on the various modalities available for diagnostic imaging.
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Abstract
Diagnostic imaging of salivary glands has been revolutionized with the advent of cross-sectional imaging modalities like CT and MR imaging. In the era before CT, imaging of the salivary glands was relatively unrewarding and was used uncommonly by ear-nose-throat surgeons. Early diagnostic tests like plain films and sialography evaluated dilated parotid ducts and calculus disease within ducts or glands. Full evaluation of salivary glands, especially deep lobes of parotid gland and masses of minor salivary glands, was not possible by these methods, however. Imaging of the parotid glands has developed significantly since that time. CT and MR imaging greatly compliment physical and endoscopic examinations (and previous favorites like sialography) by direct visualization of previously blind areas of the salivary glands and extension of the disease process in surrounding tissue planes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurang V Shah
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Room B1G308, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
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Capaccio P, Ottaviani F, Manzo R, Schindler A, Cesana B. Extracorporeal Lithotripsy for Salivary Calculi: A Long-Term Clinical Experience. Laryngoscope 2004; 114:1069-73. [PMID: 15179215 DOI: 10.1097/00005537-200406000-00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS The objective was to assess in a large series of patients with a long-term clinical follow-up the validity of extracorporeal electromagnetic shock wave lithotripsy as a minimally invasive therapy for sialolithiasis. STUDY DESIGN Consecutive patient series. METHODS Three hundred twenty-two consecutive symptomatic outpatients with single or multiple calculi in the submandibular (234 patients) or parotid (88 patients) gland underwent a complete extracorporeal electromagnetic shock wave lithotripsy treatment. Treatment results were classified into three groups: successful result with complete ultrasonographic elimination of the stone after lithotripsy, successful result with residual ultrasonographic fragments that were less than 2 mm in diameter, and unsuccessful result with residual ultrasonographic fragments that were greater than 2 mm in diameter. Univariate and multivariate statistical analyses were performed. RESULTS Complete elimination of the stone was achieved in 45% of patients. On ultrasonography, residual fragments (<2 mm in diameter) were detected in 27.3% of patients, and persisting fragments greater than 2 mm in diameter were assessed in 27.7% of patients. In 3.1% of patients, all with submandibular gland stones, sialoadenectomy was performed. Recurrence of calculi in the treated gland was observed during a median follow-up period of 57 months in four patients with complete ultrasonographic clearance of the stone occurring 10 to 58 months after lithotripsy. Univariate analysis showed that a favorable treatment result was significantly associated with the younger age of the patients (< or = 46 y), parotid and intraductal localization of the stone, diameter of the stone (< or = 7 mm), and number of therapeutic sessions (< or = 6). On multivariate analysis, the age of the patient, parotid site of the stone, stone diameter, number of therapeutic sessions, and number of shock waves were associated with favorable outcome. CONCLUSION Extracorporeal electromagnetic shock wave lithotripsy is to be considered an efficient, minimally invasive treatment modality for salivary calculi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Capaccio
- Clinica Otorinolaringoiatrica IV, Azienda Ospedaliera, Polo Universitario L. Sacco, Ospedale Maggiore di Milano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
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Abstract
In conclusion, if a parotid gland mass is bilateral, it is more likely to be Warthin's tumor, especially if it does not enhance. Less likely, it could be lymphoepithelial cyst or necrotic lymph node. A unilateral, non-enhancing mass with a high T2 signal is more likely to be a Warthin's tumor and less likely a necrotic lymph node or first branchial cleft cyst. If the mass is unilateral, shows postcontrast enhancement, has a high T2 signal, and does not invade surrounding tissue planes, it is more likely to be a pleomorphic adenoma. An intermediate to low T2 signal mass-with or without invasion of surrounding tissue planes--is more likely to be a malignant mass such as adenocystic or mucoepidermoid carcinoma. Biopsy is superior and the gold standard for diagnosis and cannot be replaced by MR imaging, however.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurang V Shah
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Room B1G308, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
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Gritzmann N, Hollerweger A, Macheiner P, Rettenbacher T. Sonography of soft tissue masses of the neck. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ULTRASOUND : JCU 2002; 30:356-373. [PMID: 12116098 DOI: 10.1002/jcu.10073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In many clinical conditions, high-resolution sonography and color (power) Doppler sonography can be used as the first-line modality for evaluating cervical soft tissue masses. Cervical cysts, lipomas, paragangliomas, neurogenic tumors, hemangiomas, and lymphangiomas often exhibit characteristic sonographic appearances. Sonography can be used for lymph node assessment, and most salivary gland diseases can be diagnosed sonographically. Sonography can be used to guide needle biopsy of soft tissue neoplasms and lymph nodes. In addition, the relationship between a cervical mass and the great vessels can be evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norbert Gritzmann
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Krankenhaus der Barmherzigen Brüder Salzburg, Kajetanerplatz 1, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria
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Ottaviani F, Marchisio P, Arisi E, Capaccio P. Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy for salivary calculi in pediatric patients. Acta Otolaryngol 2001; 121:873-6. [PMID: 11718255 DOI: 10.1080/00016480152602366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Salivary gland lithiasis is uncommon in pediatric patients. Color Doppler ultrasonography (US) enables an accurate diagnosis of lithiasis to be made without exposure to the radiation of traditional imaging techniques. The development of minimally invasive techniques in the ENT field has made salivary lithotripsy a feasible alternative to traditional invasive surgery. The safety and efficacy of shock wave lithotripsy for salivary calculi were evaluated in pediatric patients. Seven children (5 males; age 4-15 years) with single calculi (mean diameter 4.4 mm) of the submandibular (n = 4) and parotid glands (n = 3) underwent extracorporeal electromagnetic shock wave lithotripsy (EESWL). In four cases the stone was intraductal (two submandibular and two parotideal) and in the remaining three cases it was intraparenchymal (two submandibular and one parotideal). In one case sedative anesthesia was performed. The mean number of therapeutic sessions was five. Patients were followed up clinically and with US for 6-72 months (mean 32 months). Complete disintegration of the calculi was achieved in five cases while in two cases a residual fragment < 2 mm in diameter was observed. None of the patients had recurrence of calculi in the treated gland. Mild self-limited adverse effects (pain, swelling of the gland, self-limiting bleeding from the duct, cutaneous petechiae) were observed in four cases. Our data suggest that EESWL is effective, safe and well tolerated; the minimal invasiveness of the technique suggests that EESWL should be used as the primary approach to salivary calculi in pediatric patients. The continuous US monitoring enables the efficacy of EESWL to be evaluated during both treatment and follow-up, with only slight discomfort for the pediatric patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Ottaviani
- Institute of Otorhinolaryngology IV, Hospital L. Sacco, Milan, Italy.
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Külkens C, Quetz JU, Lippert BM, Folz BJ, Werner JA. Ultrasound-guided piezoelectric extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy of parotid gland calculi. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ULTRASOUND : JCU 2001; 29:389-394. [PMID: 11579401 DOI: 10.1002/jcu.1054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The introduction of piezoelectric extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) has changed therapy for salivary calculi. This method seems especially suitable for treating calculi in the parotid gland. The purpose of this study was to evaluate ESWL in patients with such calculi. METHODS From November 1990 to November 1999, all patients with sialolithiasis of the parotid gland were treated with piezoelectric ESWL. Three different lithotriptors were used over the 9-year study period. Results were analyzed according to both the patients' clinical status and follow-up sonograms. RESULTS In total, 42 patients (21 women, 21 men; mean age, 59 years) were treated with ESWL. The mean follow-up period for all patients was 63 months (range, 7-96 months). After ESWL had been performed, 71% of the patients were completely free of symptoms, and 21% had marked improvement of their symptoms. Sixty-seven percent were completely free of calculi, and 27% had a marked reduction in the size of their calculi. Adverse effects of ESWL included temporary glandular swelling (4 patients), blood-tinged salivary secretions (9 patients), petechiae on the skin surface (3 patients), and parotid abscess (1 patient). CONCLUSIONS ESWL is an outpatient procedure that can be performed without anesthesia and with scarcely any discomfort for patients. Conventional surgical procedures such as subtotal parotidectomy may be almost entirely replaced by ESWL because of the excellent treatment results and a very low rate of complications associated with ESWL. ESWL should be considered the treatment of choice for parotid calculi.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Külkens
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Marburg, Deutschhausstrasse 3, D-35037 Marburg, Germany
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Abstract
The algorithm for imaging the salivary glands depends on the clinical scenario with which the patient presents to the clinician. Because of the importance of identifying small calculi in the gland or salivary duct as the cause of the symptom complex, nonenhanced computed tomography is often the best initial study for the evaluation of the painful gland. If an infiltrative neoplasm is highly suspected, nonenhanced and enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) imaging may be superior in demonstrating perineural, meningeal, and skull base invasion. Sialography is reserved for the evaluation of chronic sialadenitides unrelated to sialolithiasis. Thin-section MR techniques for MR sialography may soon replace conventional sialography.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Yousem
- Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, 600 N Wolfe St, Houck B-112, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
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37
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Mandel L, Hatzis G. The role of computerized tomography in the diagnosis and therapy of parotid stones: a case report. J Am Dent Assoc 2000; 131:479-82. [PMID: 10770010 DOI: 10.14219/jada.archive.2000.0204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Small, semi-calcified parotid stones are difficult to diagnose as imaging can be extremely difficult. Understanding how to diagnose parotid stones is important to dentists, however, because people with this condition develop parotid swellings and may seek routine dental care. CASE DESCRIPTION The authors describe a classic case of parotid sialadenitis secondary to a small lucent stone in Stensen's duct. They discovered the stone only because of the keen sensitivity of computerized tomography, or CT, to minimal amounts of calcific salts. The CT scan's ability to accurately locate the stone and its position within 1 centimeter of the orifice facilitated a successful intraoral surgical approach. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS CT can be a significant aid in early diagnosis and therapy of patients with parotid stones, who eventually develop sialadenitis. With early intervention, further gland degeneration and parotidectomy will be prevented.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Mandel
- Columbia University School of Dental and Oral Surgery, New York, N.Y. 10032, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- N J Freling
- Department of Radiology, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Escudier MP, Drage NA. The management of sialolithiasis in 2 children through use of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy. ORAL SURGERY, ORAL MEDICINE, ORAL PATHOLOGY, ORAL RADIOLOGY, AND ENDODONTICS 1999; 88:44-9. [PMID: 10442944 DOI: 10.1016/s1079-2104(99)70192-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The management of salivary calculi in children may prove difficult for a number of reasons. Traditional investigations require ionizing radiation and in cases of sialography may be poorly tolerated. Similarly, any surgical treatment is likely to require general anesthesia and, in a number of cases, removal of the affected gland, which is associated with attendant risks. As an alternative, ultrasound and extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy therapy offers low morbidity and outpatient procedures that are well tolerated, as illustrated by these 2 cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Escudier
- Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
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Baurmash HD. Sialoendoscopy: Three years' experience as a diagnostic and treatment modality. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0278-2391(97)90057-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Avrahami E, Englender M, Chen E, Shabtay D, Katz R, Harell M. CT of submandibular gland sialolithiasis. Neuroradiology 1996; 38:287-90. [PMID: 8741203 DOI: 10.1007/bf00596550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
We emphasise the importance of high-resolution CT with reconstruction in the demonstration of submandibular gland (SMG) sialolithiasis and its role in monitoring treatment. We studied 76 patients with swollen and tender SMG, some with fever. They underwent conventional radiography, sonography (US) and high-resolution CT with reconstructions. Conventional radiographs demonstrated single stones in 29 patients. Axial CT, before reconstructions, demonstrated single stones in 63 patients and multiple stones in another 5. Following CT reconstructions, multiple stones were demonstrated in 37 patients. On US stones were diagnosed in only 33 patients, and multiple stones in only 1. All 68 patients with stones shown on imaging and 2 without stones underwent surgery, with good clinical results. Total removal of the SMG and its duct was performed in patients with multiple stones, chronic inflammatory changes in the SMG, or a solitary stone in the SMG or deep in the duct. A small incision for removal of a solitary stone in the distal aspect of Wharton's duct was performed in 15 patients, with excellent clinical results. Another 14 patients with multiple salivary gland stones, diagnosed on CT reconstructions, did not improve following this procedure and needed further surgery; clinical improvement occurred following excision of the SMG and Wharton's duct. Histological examination in all of these confirmed the presence of additional stones. Conservative anti-inflammatory treatment was recommended for 6 patients in whom CT reconstructions did not demonstrate stones.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Avrahami
- Department of Radiology, Edith Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel
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42
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Kessler A, Strauss S, Eviatar E, Segal S. Ultrasonography of an infected parotid gland in an elderly patient: detection of sialolithiasis during the acute attack. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 1995; 104:736-7. [PMID: 7661525 DOI: 10.1177/000348949510400913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A Kessler
- Department of Otolaryngology, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel
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Warshawsky R, Gross B, Lawrence LP, Wolk DP. Ultrasound-guided Aspiration of the Parotid Duct in Acute Suppurative Parotitis. JOURNAL OF DIAGNOSTIC MEDICAL SONOGRAPHY 1993. [DOI: 10.1177/875647939300900106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Ultrasound is useful in evaluating the parotid gland. Ultrasound guidance was used for aspiration of the parotid duct in a case of acute suppurative parotitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Warshawsky
- Department of Radiology, North Shore University Hospital/Cornell University Medical College, Manhasset, NY 11030
| | | | - Loretta P. Lawrence
- Departments of Radiology, North Shore University Hospital/Cornell University Medical College, Manhasset, New York
| | - David P. Wolk
- Departments of Surgery, North Shore University Hospital/Cornell University Medical College, Manhasset, New York
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Traxler M, Schurawitzki H, Ulm C, Solar P, Blahout R, Piehslinger E, Schadlbauer E. Sonography of nonneoplastic disorders of the salivary glands. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1992; 21:360-3. [PMID: 1484207 DOI: 10.1016/s0901-5027(05)80763-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
We examined 637 patients with salivary gland disorders by real-time sonography. In 270 patients, the possibility of neoplasia of the salivary glands could not be excluded by ultrasound. In the remaining 367 patients, the following disorders were diagnosed sonographically: acute inflammation (72 patients), Sjögren's syndrome or chronic inflammation (81 patients), abscess (9 patients), sialolithiasis (192 patients), and cysts (13 patients). The present study discusses the ultrasound appearances of a variety of diseases and the indications and limits of sonography in the evaluation of salivary gland pathology.
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Abstract
The extraoral approach to duct surgery for the removal of parotid stones can be a simple procedure once the stone is accurately located in relation to the skin surface. The combination of sialography and sonography can provide this information. A case report demonstrates the step-by-step approach to diagnosis, localization, and surgery for the management of such extraglandular sialoliths.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Baurmash
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dental and Oral Surgery, Columbia University, New York
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49
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Abstract
Three cases of sialolithiasis are presented, each representative of acute and chronic presentations of this problem. The evaluation and treatment of salivary gland and duct stones are outlined. The primary axiom is, "Treat the gland, not the stone," and the essential aspects of emergency medical management are antibiotics, sialogogues, warm compresses, mechanical stimulation, and appropriate referral to an otolaryngologist.
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Affiliation(s)
- C V Pollack
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson 39216
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