The toxic effect of an AChE-inhibitor on the cholinergic nervous system in airway smooth muscle

Differential response of dog and pig tracheal smooth muscle to the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor soman

The effect of the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor soman on tracheal smooth muscle (TSM) from the dog and pig was studied. In response to soman, tracheal ring preparations contract more and the resting tension for TSM preparations is higher for the dog compared with the pig. Tension induced by electrical field stimulation (EFS) and the half-time of EFS-train induced contractions have a similar dependence on soman exposure in both dog and pig TSM. These results suggest that the basal acetylcholine secretion or leakage within the TSM nerve terminal is probably higher for the dog compared with the pig.

Evidence for inhibition of sympathetic neurotransmission by endogenously released acetylcholine in the guinea-pig trachea

1. Interactions between pulmonary cholinergic and noradrenergic nerves were studied in the innervated tracheal tube preparation isolated from guinea-pigs anaesthetized with urethane. Relaxations of the trachealis smooth muscle in response to postganglionic stimulation of the sympathetic nerve were recorded as decreases in the intraluminal pressure of the tracheal tube after the pressure had been raised with the stable thromboxane-mimetic, U46619. In contrast, contractions following preganglionic stimulation of the vagal nerve trunk were recorded as increases in intraluminal pressure. 2. In approximately half of the preparations studied, concurrent stimulation of of the vagal nerve trunk the vagal nerve trunk inhibited relaxation responses elicited by stimulation of the sympathetic nerves. The vagi were stimulated at parameters which caused no change in intraluminal pressure, excluding the involvement of postjunctional mechanisms. 3. The effect of simultaneous stimulation of the sympathetic nerve trunk was studied on contractile responses evoked by preganglionic stimulation of the vagus nerve. In 80% of the preparations tested the vagal responses were inhibited. This inhibitory effect of sympathetic nerve stimulation was antagonized by propranolol. 4. The potassium channel agonist, cromakalim, endothelins 1 and 3 and the neuropeptides, vasoactive intestinal peptide, neurokinin A and substance P, did not significantly modulate sympathetic nerve-induced relaxations. 5. The anticholinesterase drug, physostigmine, induced a concentration-dependent increase in the intraluminal pressure of the tracheal tube and potentiated the postjunctional action of exogenously applied acetylcholine to contract the guinea-pig trachealis muscle. In the presence of higher concentrations of physostigmine both vagally-induced contractions and sympathetic nerve-induced relaxations were reduced. Atropine blocked both the inhibitory effect of physostigmine on sympathetic relaxations and its postjunctional contractile action on the trachealis smooth muscle.6. It is concluded that, in the guinea-pig trachea, acetylcholine released endogenously from pulmonary parasympathetic nerves, either by anticholinesterase drugs or in response to nerve stimulation, can inhibit transmission in the adjacent sympathetic nerves via activation of prejunctional muscarinic heteroreceptors, probably of the M3 subtype.