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The shikimate pathway regulates programmed cell death. J Genet Genomics 2022; 49:943-951. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2022.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Felline S, Del Coco L, Kaleb S, Guarnieri G, Fraschetti S, Terlizzi A, Fanizzi FP, Falace A. The response of the algae Fucus virsoides (Fucales, Ochrophyta) to Roundup® solution exposure: A metabolomics approach. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 254:112977. [PMID: 31377326 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.112977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate, as a broad-spectrum herbicide, is frequently detected in water and several studies have investigated its effects on several freshwater aquatic organisms. Yet, only few investigations have been performed on marine macroalgae. Here, we studied both the metabolomics responses and the effect on primary production in the endemic brown algae Fucus virsoides exposed to different concentration (0, 0.5, 1.5 and 2.5 mg L-1) of a commercial glyphosate-based herbicide, namely Roundup®. Our results show that Roundup® significantly reduced quantum yield of photosynthesis (Fv/Fm) and caused alteration in the metabolomic profiles of exposed thalli compared to controls. Together with the decrease in the aromatic amino acids (phenylalanine and tyrosine), an increase in shikimate content was detected. The branched-amino acids differently varied according to levels of herbicide exposure, as well as observed for the content of choline, formate, glucose, malonate and fumarate. Our results suggest that marine primary producers could be largely affected by the agricultural land use, this asking for further studies addressing the ecosystem-level effects of glyphosate-based herbicides in coastal waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Felline
- CoNISMa, Piazzale Flaminio 9, 00196, Roma, Italy
| | - L Del Coco
- Department of Biology, Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - S Kaleb
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - G Guarnieri
- CoNISMa, Piazzale Flaminio 9, 00196, Roma, Italy; Department of Biology, Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - S Fraschetti
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80926, Napoli, Italy; Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, 80121, Napoli, Italy
| | - A Terlizzi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127, Trieste, Italy; Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, 80121, Napoli, Italy
| | - F P Fanizzi
- Department of Biology, Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100, Lecce, Italy.
| | - A Falace
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127, Trieste, Italy
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d'Avignon DA, Ge X. In vivo NMR investigations of glyphosate influences on plant metabolism. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2018; 292:59-72. [PMID: 29705038 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2018.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate is the world's most widely used herbicide; popular due to its relative low cost, low toxicity, and high efficacy in controlling most common weed species. Genetic engineering of crop seeds to be glyphosate-tolerant has facilitated the modern global agricultural practice whereby both weeds and crops are treated with herbicide, while only the crops survive. However, due to extreme selective pressure, glyphosate-resistant (GR) weed species are now found with increasing frequency in nature, threatening the dominant weed management system used in large-scale agriculture across much of the globe. In vivo NMR studies of plants have facilitated the discovery and understanding of the glyphosate-resistance mechanism of the multi-continent, highly invasive weed species, GR horseweed Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronq. and GR ryegrass (Lolium spp.). This study exemplifies how in vivo NMR spectroscopy can be used to better understandherbicide-associated metabolic alterations observed in living plants, which poses a significant threat to modern agriculture as it is currently practiced.
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Affiliation(s)
- D André d'Avignon
- Division of Molecular Medicine, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States.
| | - Xia Ge
- Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Laboratory, Washington University, CB 8227, 4525 Scott Ave., St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
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Corrêa EA, Dayan FE, Owens DK, Rimando AM, Duke SO. Glyphosate-Resistant and Conventional Canola (Brassica napus L.) Responses to Glyphosate and Aminomethylphosphonic Acid (AMPA) Treatment. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:3508-13. [PMID: 27092715 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b00446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate-resistant (GR) canola contains two transgenes that impart resistance to the herbicide glyphosate: (1) the microbial glyphosate oxidase gene (gox) encoding the glyphosate oxidase enzyme (GOX) that metabolizes glyphosate to aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) and (2) cp4 that encodes a GR form of the glyphosate target enzyme 5-enolpyruvylshikimic acid-3-phosphate synthase. The objectives of this research were to determine the phytotoxicity of AMPA to canola, the relative metabolism of glyphosate to AMPA in GR and conventional non-GR (NGR) canola, and AMPA pool sizes in glyphosate-treated GR canola. AMPA applied at 1.0 kg ha(-1) was not phytotoxic to GR or NGR. At this AMPA application rate, NGR canola accumulated a higher concentration of AMPA in its tissues than GR canola. At rates of 1 and 3.33 kg ae ha(-1) of glyphosate, GR canola growth was stimulated. This stimulatory effect is similar to that of much lower doses of glyphosate on NGR canola. Both shikimate and AMPA accumulated in tissues of these glyphosate-treated plants. In a separate experiment in which young GR and NGR canola plants were treated with non-phytotoxic levels of [(14)C]-glyphosate, very little glyphosate was metabolized in NGR plants, whereas most of the glyphosate was metabolized to AMPA in GR plants at 7 days after application. Untreated leaves of GR plants accumulated only metabolites (mostly AMPA) of glyphosate, indicating that GOX activity is very high in the youngest leaves. These data indicate that more glyphosate is transformed to AMPA rapidly in GR canola and that the accumulated AMPA is not toxic to the canola plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elza Alves Corrêa
- UNESP, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Campus de Registro/SP, Rua Nelson Brihi Badur 430, 11900-000 Registro, SP, Brazil
| | - Franck E Dayan
- Natural Products Utilization Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture , P.O. Box 1848, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Daniel K Owens
- Natural Products Utilization Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture , P.O. Box 1848, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Agnes M Rimando
- Natural Products Utilization Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture , P.O. Box 1848, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Stephen O Duke
- Natural Products Utilization Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture , P.O. Box 1848, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
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Ge X, d'Avignon DA, Ackerman JJH, Sammons RD. In vivo ³¹P-nuclear magnetic resonance studies of glyphosate uptake, vacuolar sequestration, and tonoplast pump activity in glyphosate-resistant horseweed. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 166:1255-68. [PMID: 25185124 PMCID: PMC4226384 DOI: 10.1104/pp.114.247197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Horseweed (Conyza canadensis) is considered a significant glyphosate-resistant (GR) weed in agriculture, spreading to 21 states in the United States and now found globally on five continents. This laboratory previously reported rapid vacuolar sequestration of glyphosate as the mechanism of resistance in GR horseweed. The observation of vacuole sequestration is consistent with the existence of a tonoplast-bound transporter. (31)P-Nuclear magnetic resonance experiments performed in vivo with GR horseweed leaf tissue show that glyphosate entry into the plant cell (cytosolic compartment) is (1) first order in extracellular glyphosate concentration, independent of pH and dependent upon ATP; (2) competitively inhibited by alternative substrates (aminomethyl phosphonate [AMPA] and N-methyl glyphosate [NMG]), which themselves enter the plant cell; and (3) blocked by vanadate, a known inhibitor/blocker of ATP-dependent transporters. Vacuole sequestration of glyphosate is (1) first order in cytosolic glyphosate concentration and dependent upon ATP; (2) competitively inhibited by alternative substrates (AMPA and NMG), which themselves enter the plant vacuole; and (3) saturable. (31)P-Nuclear magnetic resonance findings with GR horseweed are consistent with the active transport of glyphosate and alternative substrates (AMPA and NMG) across the plasma membrane and tonoplast in a manner characteristic of ATP-binding cassette transporters, similar to those that have been identified in mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Ge
- Departments of Chemistry (X.G., D.A.d'A., J.J.H.A.), Radiology (J.J.H.A.), and Internal Medicine (J.J.H.A.), Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130; andMonsanto Company, St. Louis, Missouri 63167 (R.D.S.)
| | - D André d'Avignon
- Departments of Chemistry (X.G., D.A.d'A., J.J.H.A.), Radiology (J.J.H.A.), and Internal Medicine (J.J.H.A.), Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130; andMonsanto Company, St. Louis, Missouri 63167 (R.D.S.)
| | - Joseph J H Ackerman
- Departments of Chemistry (X.G., D.A.d'A., J.J.H.A.), Radiology (J.J.H.A.), and Internal Medicine (J.J.H.A.), Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130; andMonsanto Company, St. Louis, Missouri 63167 (R.D.S.)
| | - R Douglas Sammons
- Departments of Chemistry (X.G., D.A.d'A., J.J.H.A.), Radiology (J.J.H.A.), and Internal Medicine (J.J.H.A.), Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130; andMonsanto Company, St. Louis, Missouri 63167 (R.D.S.)
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Duarte TM, Carinhas N, Silva AC, Alves PM, Teixeira AP. ¹H-NMR protocol for exometabolome analysis of cultured mammalian cells. Methods Mol Biol 2014; 1104:237-247. [PMID: 24297420 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-733-4_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
(1)H-Nuclear magnetic resonance ((1)H-NMR) spectroscopy is a powerful technique to analyze the composition of complex mixtures based on the particular proton fingerprint of each molecule. Here we describe a protocol for exometabolome analysis of mammalian cells using this technique, including sample preparation, spectra acquisition, and integration. The potential of this technique is exemplified by application to cultures of a Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell line. The average error associated to this method is under 3% and the limit of quantification for all metabolites analyzed is below 180 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago M Duarte
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
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Orcaray L, Zulet A, Zabalza A, Royuela M. Impairment of carbon metabolism induced by the herbicide glyphosate. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2012; 169:27-33. [PMID: 21944839 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2011.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2011] [Revised: 08/08/2011] [Accepted: 08/10/2011] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The herbicide glyphosate reduces plant growth and causes plant death by inhibiting the biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids. The objective of this work was to determine whether glyphosate-treated plants show a carbon metabolism pattern comparable to that of plants treated with herbicides that inhibit branched-chain amino acid biosynthesis. Glyphosate-treated plants showed impaired carbon metabolism with an accumulation of carbohydrates in the leaves and roots. The growth inhibition detected after glyphosate treatment suggested impaired metabolism that impedes the utilization of available carbohydrates or energy at the expected rate. These effects were common to both types of amino acid biosynthesis inhibitors. Under aerobic conditions, ethanolic fermentative metabolism was enhanced in the roots of glyphosate-treated plants. This fermentative response was not related to changes in the respiratory rate or to a limitation of the energy charge. This response, which was similar for both types of herbicides, might be considered a general response to stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Orcaray
- Departamento de Ciencias del Medio Natural, Universidad Pública de Navarra, Campus Arrosadia, E-31006 Pamplona, Spain
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Zelaya IA, Anderson JAH, Owen MDK, Landes RD. Evaluation of spectrophotometric and HPLC methods for shikimic acid determination in plants: models in glyphosate-resistant and -susceptible crops. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:2202-12. [PMID: 21338087 DOI: 10.1021/jf1043426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Endogenous shikimic acid determinations are routinely used to assess the efficacy of glyphosate in plants. Numerous analytical methods exist in the public domain for the detection of shikimic acid, yet the most commonly cited comprise spectrophotometric and high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods. This paper compares an HPLC and two spectrophotometric methods (Spec 1 and Spec 2) and assesses the effectiveness in the detection of shikimic acid in the tissues of glyphosate-treated plants. Furthermore, the study evaluates the versatility of two acid-based shikimic acid extraction methods and assesses the longevity of plant extract samples under different storage conditions. Finally, Spec 1 and Spec 2 are further characterized with respect to (1) the capacity to discern between shikimic acid and chemically related alicyclic hydroxy acids, (2) the stability of the chromophore (t1/2), (3) the detection limits, and (4) the cost and simplicity of undertaking the analytical procedure. Overall, spectrophotometric methods were more cost-effective and simpler to execute yet provided a narrower detection limit compared to HPLC. All three methods were specific to shikimic acid and detected the compound in the tissues of glyphosate-susceptible crops, increasing exponentially in concentration within 24 h of glyphosate application and plateauing at approximately 72 h. Spec 1 estimated more shikimic acid in identical plant extract samples compared to Spec 2 and, likewise, HPLC detection was more effective than spectrophotometric determinations. Given the unprecedented global adoption of glyphosate-resistant crops and concomitant use of glyphosate, an effective and accurate assessment of glyphosate efficacy is important. Endogenous shikimic acid determinations are instrumental in corroborating the efficacy of glyphosate and therefore have numerous applications in herbicide research and related areas of science as well as resolving many commercial issues as a consequence of glyphosate utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian A Zelaya
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-1011, USA.
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Ge X, Avignon DAD, Ackerman JJH, Sammons RD. Rapid vacuolar sequestration: the horseweed glyphosate resistance mechanism. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2010; 66:345-8. [PMID: 20063320 PMCID: PMC3080097 DOI: 10.1002/ps.1911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2009] [Accepted: 11/17/2009] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glyphosate-resistant (GR) weed species are now found with increasing frequency and threaten the critically important glyphosate weed-management system [corrected]. RESULTS The reported (31)P NMR experiments on glyphosate-sensitive (S) and glyphosate-resistant (R) horseweed, Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronq., show significantly more accumulation of glyphosate within the R biotype vacuole. CONCLUSIONS Selective sequestration of glyphosate into the vacuole confers the observed horseweed resistance to glyphosate. This observation represents the first clear evidence for the glyphosate resistance mechanism in C. canadensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Ge
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Joseph JH Ackerman
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Radiology, Washington University, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University, St Louis, MO, USA
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Arnaud L, Nurit F, Ravanel P, Tissut M. Distribution of glyphosate and of its target enzyme inside wheat plants. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ps.2780400308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Zelaya IA, Owen MDK, Vangessel MJ. Inheritance of evolved glyphosate resistance in Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronq. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2004; 110:58-70. [PMID: 15502914 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-004-1804-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2004] [Accepted: 08/24/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine (glyphosate) resistance was previously reported in a horseweed [Conyza (=Erigeron) canadensis (L.) Cronq.] population from Houston, DE (P (0) (R) ). Recurrent selection was performed on P (0) (R) , since the population was composed of susceptible (5%) and resistant (95%) phenotypes. After two cycles of selection at 2.0 kg ae glyphosate ha(-1), similar glyphosate rates that reduced plant growth by 50%, glyphosate rates that inflicted 50% mortality in the population, and accumulations of half of the maximum detectable shikimic acid concentration were observed between the parental P (0) (R) and the first (RS(1)) and second (RS(2)) recurrent generations. In addition, RS(1) and RS(2) did not segregate for resistance to glyphosate. This suggested that the RS(2) population comprised a near-homozygous, glyphosate-resistant line. Whole-plant rate responses estimated a fourfold resistance increase to glyphosate between RS(2) and either a pristine Ames, IA (P (0) (P) ) or a susceptible C. canadensis population from Georgetown, DE (P (0) (S) ). The genetics of glyphosate resistance in C. canadensis was investigated by performing reciprocal crosses between RS(2) and either the P (0) (P) or P (0) (S) populations. Evaluations of the first (F(1)) and second (F(2)) filial generations suggested that glyphosate resistance was governed by an incompletely dominant, single-locus gene (R allele) located in the nuclear genome. The proposed genetic model was confirmed by back-crosses of the F(1) to plants that arose from achenes of the original RS(2), P (0) (P) , or P (0) (S) parents. The autogamous nature of C. canadensis, the simple inheritance model of glyphosate resistance, and the fact that heterozygous genotypes (F(1)) survived glyphosate rates well above those recommended by the manufacturer, predicted a rapid increase in frequency of the R allele under continuous glyphosate selection. The impact of genetics on C. canadensis resistance management is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- I A Zelaya
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011-1011, USA.
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