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Sahoo K, Kumar S. Atomization Characteristics of a Spinning Disc in Direct Droplet Mode. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c00407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kshetramohan Sahoo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Sanjeev Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
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2
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Spatial Positioning and Operating Parameters of a Rotary Bell Sprayer: 3D Mapping of Droplet Size Distributions. FLUIDS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/fluids4030165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated the fundamental physical behavior during droplet formation and flow from a rotary bell spray in the absence of an electrostatic field. The impact of a wide range of operating parameters of the rotary bell sprayer, such as flow rates, rotational speeds, and spatial positioning, on droplet sizes and size distributions using a three-dimensional (3-D) mapping was studied. The results showed that increasing the rotational speed caused the Sauter mean diameter of the droplets to decrease while increasing flow rate increased the droplet sizes. The rotational speed effect, however, was dominant compared to the effect of flow rate. An increase in droplet size radially away from the cup was noted in the vicinity of the cup, nevertheless, as the lateral distances from the cup and rotational speed were increased, the droplet sizes within the flow field became more uniform. This result is of importance for painting industries, which are looking for optimal target distances for uniform painting appearance. Furthermore, the theoretical formulation was validated with experimental data, which provides a wider range of applicability in terms of environment and parameters that could be tested. This work also provides an abundance of measurements, which can serve as a database for the validation of future droplet disintegration simulations.
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Kumar P, Sarkar S. Experimental investigation of liquid disintegration on slotted disc in centrifugal atomization process. Chem Eng Res Des 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2019.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Schlieren Visualization of Shaping Air during Operation of an Electrostatic Rotary Bell Sprayer: Impact of Shaping Air on Droplet Atomization and Transport. COATINGS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings8080279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Electrostatic rotary bell sprayers (ERBSs) are widely used in the automotive industry. In ERBS, atomization is facilitated using centrifugal forces which disintegrate the paint film inside the cup into droplets at the cup edge. The droplets are then transported by the flow of a shaping air (SA) and electrostatic forces to a target surface; the characteristics of these droplets dramatically influence the quality of a painted surface and the painting transfer efficiency. In the current paper, a novel Schlieren-based visualization of the shaping air in the absence of paint droplets was performed during a qualitative investigation to delineate shaping air flow behavior and its interaction with droplets and droplet transport. An infrared thermographic flow visualization (IRFV) method and droplet size measurement were used to complement the Schlieren data for providing insight into shaping air-droplet interactions. The results demonstrated the impact of different operating conditions on the SA flow pattern, and the influence SA has on the secondary atomization and transport of droplets. Hence, these experimental methods combine with a useful tool for optimizing SA configurations that improve spray quality, droplet transport, and the efficiency of ERBS operations.
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Sverdlov Arzi R, Sosnik A. Electrohydrodynamic atomization and spray-drying for the production of pure drug nanocrystals and co-crystals. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2018; 131:79-100. [PMID: 30031740 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, nanotechnology has offered attractive opportunities to overcome the (bio)pharmaceutical drawbacks of most drugs such as low aqueous solubility and bioavailability. Among the numerous methodologies that have been applied to improve drug performance, a special emphasis has been made on those that increase the dissolution rate and the saturation solubility by the reduction of the particle size of pure drugs to the nanoscale and the associated increase of the specific surface area. Different top-down and bottom-up methods have been implemented, each one with its own pros and cons. Over the last years, the latter that rely on the dissolution of the drug in a proper solvent and its crystallization or co-crystallization by precipitation in an anti-solvent or, conversely, by solvent evaporation have gained remarkable impulse owing to the ability to adjust features such as size, size distribution, morphology and to control the amorphous/crystalline nature of the product. In this framework, electrohydrodynamic atomization (also called electrospraying) and spray-drying excel due to their simplicity and potential scalability. Moreover, they do not necessarily require suspension stabilizers and dry products are often produced during the formation of the nanoparticles what ensures physicochemical stability for longer times than liquid products. This review overviews the potential of these two technologies for the production of pure drug nanocrystals and co-crystals and discusses the recent technological advances and challenges for their implementation in pharmaceutical research and development.
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Study of Near-Cup Droplet Breakup of an Automotive Electrostatic Rotary Bell (ESRB) Atomizer Using High-Speed Shadowgraph Imaging. COATINGS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings8050174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Peng H, Wang N, Wang D, Ling X. Experimental Study on the Critical Characteristics of Liquid Atomization by a Spinning Disk. Ind Eng Chem Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.6b00401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Peng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory
of Process Enhancement and New Energy Equipment Technology, School
of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No.
30 Pu Zhu South Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Na Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory
of Process Enhancement and New Energy Equipment Technology, School
of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No.
30 Pu Zhu South Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Dongxiang Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory
of Process Enhancement and New Energy Equipment Technology, School
of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No.
30 Pu Zhu South Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
- School
of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangnan University, No. 1800 Li Hu Road, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Ling
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory
of Process Enhancement and New Energy Equipment Technology, School
of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No.
30 Pu Zhu South Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
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Wegener M, Muhmood L, Sun S, Deev AV. Novel High-Temperature Experimental Setup to Study Dynamic Surface Tension Phenomena in Oxide Melts. Ind Eng Chem Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ie4022623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mirco Wegener
- CSIRO Process Science and Engineering, Clayton, VIC 3169, Australia
| | - Luckman Muhmood
- CSIRO Process Science and Engineering, Clayton, VIC 3169, Australia
| | - Shouyi Sun
- CSIRO Process Science and Engineering, Clayton, VIC 3169, Australia
| | - Alex V. Deev
- CSIRO Process Science and Engineering, Clayton, VIC 3169, Australia
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Dickerson AK, Mills ZG, Hu DL. Wet mammals shake at tuned frequencies to dry. J R Soc Interface 2012; 9:3208-18. [PMID: 22904256 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2012.0429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In cold wet weather, mammals face hypothermia if they cannot dry themselves. By rapidly oscillating their bodies, through a process similar to shivering, furry mammals can dry themselves within seconds. We use high-speed videography and fur particle tracking to characterize the shakes of 33 animals (16 animals species and five dog breeds), ranging over four orders of magnitude in mass from mice to bears. We here report the power law relationship between shaking frequency f and body mass M to be f ∼ M(-0.22), which is close to our prediction of f ∼ M(-0.19) based upon the balance of centrifugal and capillary forces. We also observe a novel role for loose mammalian dermal tissue: by whipping around the body, it increases the speed of drops leaving the animal and the ensuing dryness relative to tight dermal tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew K Dickerson
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332-0405, USA
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Nandiyanto ABD, Okuyama K. Progress in developing spray-drying methods for the production of controlled morphology particles: From the nanometer to submicrometer size ranges. ADV POWDER TECHNOL 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2010.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 372] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Yasumura K, Saito Y, Shoji M, Matsushita Y, Aoki H, Miura T, Ogasawara S, Daikoku M, Shirota M, Inamura T. A Numerical Investigation of the Factor Decreasing Transfer Efficiency in a High-Speed Rotary Bell-Cup Atomizer. KAGAKU KOGAKU RONBUN 2011. [DOI: 10.1252/kakoronbunshu.37.251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kotaro Yasumura
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University
| | - Yasuhiro Saito
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University
- Research Fellow, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
| | - Masakazu Shoji
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University
| | - Yohsuke Matsushita
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University
| | - Hideyuki Aoki
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University
| | - Takatoshi Miura
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University
| | - Shin Ogasawara
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hachinohe Institute of Technology
| | - Masatoshi Daikoku
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hachinohe Institute of Technology
| | - Minori Shirota
- Department of Intelligent Machines and System Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, Hirosaki University
| | - Takao Inamura
- Department of Intelligent Machines and System Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, Hirosaki University
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Affiliation(s)
- G. A. Matthews
- a Overseas Spraying Machinery Centre, Imperial College Field Station, Silwood Park, Ascot , Berkshire , SL5 7PY , UK
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Cooke M, Heggs P, Eaglesham A, Housley D. Spinning Cones as Pumps, Degassers and Level Controllers in Mechanically Stirred Tanks. Chem Eng Res Des 2004. [DOI: 10.1205/026387604774196000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Groboillot A, Boadi DK, Poncelet D, Neufeld RJ. Immobilization of cells for application in the food industry. Crit Rev Biotechnol 1994; 14:75-107. [PMID: 8069936 DOI: 10.3109/07388559409086963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Immobilization of cells offers advantages to the food process industries, including enhanced fermentation productivity and cell stability and reduced downstream processing costs due to facilitated cell recovery and recycle. This article summarizes the varied immobilization methodologies, including adsorption, entrapment, covalent binding, and microencapsulation. Examples of interest to the food industry are provided, together with a review of the physiological effects of immobilization. Topics in process engineering include immobilized cell bioreactor configurations and the scale-up potential of the various immobilization techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Groboillot
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Boize LM, Dombrowski N. The atomization characteristics of a spinning disc ultra-low volume applicator. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1976. [DOI: 10.1016/0021-8634(76)90101-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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