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González-Morales JC, Quintana E, Díaz-Albiter H, Guevara-Fiore P, Fajardo V. Is erythrocyte size a strategy to avoid hypoxia in Wiegmann’s Torquate Lizards (Sceloporus torquatus)? Field evidence. CAN J ZOOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2014-0265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study examined changes in certain hematological parameters in a reptilian model naturally exposed to altitude-associated hypoxia. Four populations of the Mexican lizard Sceloporus torquatus Wiegmann, 1828 (Wiegmann’s Torquate Lizard) from different altitudes were sampled to evaluate erythrocyte count (Erc), hematocrit (Hct), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), and erythrocyte size (Ers). Blood was also assayed to determine hemoglobin ([Hb]), glucose, lactate, and electrolyte concentrations. Erc was performed using a Neubauer hemocytometer. Hct was calculated as percentage of packed cell volume by centrifuging blood samples. [Hb] was determined using a Bausch and Lomb Spectronic colorimeter. MCHC was calculated with the formula 100 × [Hb]/Hct. Ers was calculated from blood smear microphotographs analyzed with the Sigma Scan Pro software. Values of serum electrolytes (sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), and calcium (Ca2+)), pH, glucose, and lactate from blood samples were obtained through a blood electrolyte analyzer. Highland populations of S. torquatus exhibited a significant increase in Erc, Hct, Ers, and [Hb]. In contrast, MCHC showed no correlation with altitude. Additionally, significant differences in lactate, Na+, K+, and Ca2+ were observed in highland populations. In general, we found that most hematological parameters were significantly different among lizard populations from different altitudes. This is the first study to report changes in Ers in relation to altitude, which could be a physiological response to hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan C. González-Morales
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Instituto Literario No. 100, Col. Centro, Toluca, Estado de México, México
| | - Erendira Quintana
- Centro Tlaxcala de Biología de la Conducta, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Km. 1.5 Carretera Federal Tlaxcala-Puebla, Tlaxcala, Tlax., México
| | - Hector Díaz-Albiter
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Av. Brasil, 4365 - Manguinhos, Rio do Janeiro, 10 Brasil
| | - Palestina Guevara-Fiore
- Escuela de Biología. Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Blvd. Valsequillo y Av. San Claudio Edificio 112-A, Ciudad Universitaria, Col. Jardines de San Manuel, Puebla, México
| | - Victor Fajardo
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Instituto Literario No. 100, Col. Centro, Toluca, Estado de México, México
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He J, Xiu M, Tang X, Wang N, Xin Y, Li W, Chen Q. Thermoregulatory and metabolic responses to hypoxia in the oviparous lizard, Phrynocephalus przewalskii. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2013; 165:207-13. [PMID: 23500623 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2013.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2012] [Revised: 02/08/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The effects of hypoxia on behavioral thermoregulation, rate of heating and cooling, hysteresis of heart rate, and standard metabolic rate (SMR) were investigated in Phrynocephalus przewalskii, a small size toad headed lizard. Preferred temperature (T(b)) descended when lizards were exposed to severe hypoxia (8% O(2) and 6% O(2)) for 22 h, and lizards were able to maintain preferred T(b) after one week at 12% and 8% O(2) respectively. The period of heating increased after being treated with hypoxia (12% and 8% O(2)) for one week. Hysteresis of heart rate appeared at any given body temperature and oxygen level except at 39 °C and 40 °C at 8% O(2). SMR significantly increased after one-week acclimatization to 12% and 8% O(2) when ambient temperature (T(a)) was 25 °C, however, it did not change at 35 °C. Thus, we suggest that P. przewalskii has special thermoregulatory and metabolic mechanisms to acclimatize to the hypoxic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzheng He
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
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He J, Xiu M, Tang X, Yue F, Wang N, Yang S, Chen Q. The different mechanisms of hypoxic acclimatization and adaptation in Lizard Phrynocephalus vlangalii living on Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 319:117-23. [PMID: 23319459 DOI: 10.1002/jez.1776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2012] [Revised: 10/26/2012] [Accepted: 11/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Phrynocephalus vlangalii is a species of lizard endemic in China, which lives on Qinghai-Tibet Plateau ranging from 2000 to 4600 m above sea level. In this study, P. vlangalii were collected from low altitude (2750 m) and high altitude (4564 m). The lizards from low altitude were acclimatized in simulated hypoxic chamber (equivalent to 4600 m) for 7, 15, and 30 days. The hematological parameters, heart weight, myocardial capillary density, and myocardial enzyme activities were examined. The results showed that acclimatization to hypoxia significantly increased hemoglobin concentration ([Hb]), hematocrit (Hct), heart weight (HW), heart weight to body mass (HW/BM), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, but markedly decreased mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity. Red blood cell (RBC) count, body mass (BM), myocardial capillary density did not change markedly during hypoxic acclimatization. On the other hand, [Hb], Hct, MCHC, HW/BM, myocardium capillary density, and SDH activity of P. vlangalii from high altitude were remarkably higher than those from low-altitude; however, LDH activity of high-altitude P. vlangalii was lower than that of low-altitude lizards. There was no significant difference in HW or BM between populations of high-altitude and low-altitude. Based on the present data, we suggest that P. vlangalii has special anatomical, physiological, and biochemical accommodate mechanisms to live in hypoxic environment, and the regulative mechanisms are different between hypoxic acclimatization and adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzheng He
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, PR China
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Dunlap KD. External and internal influences on indices of physiological stress: II. Seasonal and size-related variations in blood composition in free-living lizards, Sceloporus occidentalis. THE JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY 1995; 272:85-94. [PMID: 7622998 DOI: 10.1002/jez.1402720202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Seasonal changes in blood composition (plasma osmolality, total plasma protein, hematocrit) in two free-living populations of fence lizards, Sceloporus occidentalis, one living in a very arid environment (Pearblossom, CA) and another in a milder desert (Bend, OR), were analyzed. In this analysis, two features of reptilian physiology and ecology were incorporated: ontogenetic variation in blood composition and seasonal variation in body-size distribution. The population living in the arid environment, but not the mild environment, exhibited significant seasonal changes in blood composition: mean plasma osmolality increased (345 +/- 4 to 356 +/- 3 mOsmol/kg) and mean plasma protein (4.19 +/- 0.20 to 3.34 +/- 0.14 g/dl) and hematocrit decreased (43.8 +/- 0.3 to 31.6 +/- 0.4) from April to August. These changes suggested that the physiological condition of the California population was affected by seasonal changes in the external environment. However, among individuals, a significant portion of the variation in blood composition was associated with an internal factor, body size. Larger lizards had higher osmolality, total protein, and hematocrit than smaller lizards in all seasons. In addition, the mean body size of active lizards decreased from April to August in California, but not Oregon. Because the body-size distribution of active lizards in California shifted between seasons, changes in mean population values of these blood parameters probably do not accurately reflect changes that occur within individuals and therefore may be misleading in assessing the physiological consequences of drought.
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Affiliation(s)
- K D Dunlap
- Department of Zoology, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
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Cartland LK, Grimmond NM. The effect of temperature on the metabolism of juvenile tuatara,Sphenodon punctatus. NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY 1994. [DOI: 10.1080/03014223.1994.9518006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Wojtaszek JS. Seasonal changes of circulating blood parameters in the grass snake Natrix natrix natrix L. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/0300-9629(92)90273-s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Haematological changes correlated with the hibernation cycle in the egyptian cobra (Naja haje haje). J Therm Biol 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/0306-4565(92)90006-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Wojtaszek JS. Haematology of the grass snake Natrix natrix natrix L. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. A, COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY 1991; 100:805-12. [PMID: 1685373 DOI: 10.1016/0300-9629(91)90296-o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
1. Haematological parameters and cytomorphological picture of circulating blood of the grass snake Natrix natrix natrix L. were studied. Mean annual values of the haemoglobin concentration, haematocrit level, red cell counts, erythrocytes indices, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, thrombocyte and leucocyte counts, per cent composition of white blood cells and size of morphotic elements were determined for a population sample (N = 154) of the species, considering the sex of snakes. 2. Parameters of red blood cell system (RCC, Hb, Hct) were statistically significantly higher in males, remaining indices showed no statistically significant differences. 3. A strict positive correlation was found between RCC, Hb and Hct in the studied sample. 4. Cytomorphology of blood is presented in microphotographs. 5. In the discussion haematological data for the grass snake and other snakes are compared.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Wojtaszek
- Department of Animal Physiology, University of Wrocław, Zoological Institute, Poland
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Ruiz G, Rosenmann M, Veloso A. Altitudinal distribution and blood values in the toad, Bufo spinulosus Wiegmann. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. A, COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY 1989; 94:643-6. [PMID: 2575951 DOI: 10.1016/0300-9629(89)90609-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
1. Red blood cell (RBC) count, RBC size, hematocrit, cell and blood hemoglobin concentrations and plasma total solid concentration were measured in 16 lowland (from near sea level up to 2700 m) and 18 highland (3200 up to close to 4500 m) adult toads (Bufo spinulosus). 2. Lowland toads showed higher hematocrit values than highland toads, but their blood hemoglobin concentration and plasma solid concentration were not significantly different. 3. Highland toads had smaller RBC size, higher corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, a trend toward larger RBC count and a considerably smaller body size. These features may contribute to their successful life at high altitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Ruiz
- Universidad Metropolitana de Ciencias de la Educación, Santiago, Chile
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