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Jetzschmann KJ, Tank S, Jágerszki G, Gyurcsányi RE, Wollenberger U, Scheller FW. Bio‐Electrosynthesis of Vectorially Imprinted Polymer Nanofilms for Cytochrome P450cam. ChemElectroChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201801851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katharina J. Jetzschmann
- Institute for Biochemistry and BiologyUniversity of Potsdam Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24–25 14476 Potsdam Germany
| | - Steffen Tank
- Institute for Biochemistry and BiologyUniversity of Potsdam Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24–25 14476 Potsdam Germany
| | - Gyula Jágerszki
- Chemical Nanosensors Research GroupDepartment of Inorganic and Analytical ChemistryBudapest University of Technology and Economics Szt. Gellért tér 4 H-1111 Budapest Hungary
| | - Róbert E. Gyurcsányi
- Chemical Nanosensors Research GroupDepartment of Inorganic and Analytical ChemistryBudapest University of Technology and Economics Szt. Gellért tér 4 H-1111 Budapest Hungary
| | - Ulla Wollenberger
- Institute for Biochemistry and BiologyUniversity of Potsdam Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24–25 14476 Potsdam Germany
| | - Frieder W. Scheller
- Institute for Biochemistry and BiologyUniversity of Potsdam Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24–25 14476 Potsdam Germany
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Zhao H, He H, Shi L, Cai X, Li H, Lan M, Zhang Q. Electrochemical detection of 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone using a cytochrome P450 2E1 decorated biosensor. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2018.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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A Cytochrome P450 3A4 Biosensor Based on Generation 4.0 PAMAM Dendrimers for the Detection of Caffeine. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2016; 6:bios6030044. [PMID: 27548239 PMCID: PMC5039663 DOI: 10.3390/bios6030044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Cytochromes P450 (CYP, P450) are a large family of heme-active-site proteins involved in many catalytic processes, including steroidogenesis. In humans, four primary enzymes are involved in the metabolism of almost all xenobiotics. Among these enzymes, CYP3A4 is responsible for the inactivation of the majority of used drugs which makes this enzyme an interesting target for many fields of research, especially pharmaceutical research. Since the late 1970s, attempts have been made to construct and develop electrochemical sensors for the determination of substrates. This paper is concerned with the establishment of such a CYP3A4-containing biosensor. The sensor was constructed by adsorption of alternating layers of sub-nanometer gold particle-modified PAMAM (poly-amido-amine) dendrimers of generation 4.0, along with the enzyme by a layer-by-layer assembly technique. Atomic force microscopy (AFM), quartz crystal microbalance (QCM), and Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were employed to elucidate the sensor assembly. Additionally, the biosensor was tested by cyclic voltammetry using caffeine as a substrate.
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Colas H, Ewen KM, Hannemann F, Bistolas N, Wollenberger U, Bernhardt R, de Oliveira P. Direct and mediated electrochemical response of the cytochrome P450 106A2 from Bacillus megaterium ATCC 13368. Bioelectrochemistry 2012; 87:71-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2012.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2011] [Revised: 01/12/2012] [Accepted: 01/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Yarman A, Peng L, Wu Y, Bandodkar A, Gajovic-Eichelmann N, Wollenberger U, Hofrichter M, Ullrich R, Scheibner K, Scheller FW. Can peroxygenase and microperoxidase substitute cytochrome P450 in biosensors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s12566-011-0023-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Krishnan S, Schenkman JB, Rusling JF. Bioelectronic delivery of electrons to cytochrome P450 enzymes. J Phys Chem B 2011; 115:8371-80. [PMID: 21591685 DOI: 10.1021/jp201235m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450s (cyt P450s) are the major oxidative enzymes in human oxidative metabolism of drugs and xenobiotic chemicals. In nature, the iron heme cyt P450s utilize oxygen and electrons delivered from NADPH by a reductase enzyme to oxidize substrates stereo- and regioselectively. Significant research has been directed toward achieving these events electrochemically. This Feature Article discusses the direct electrochemistry of cyt P450s in thin films and the utilization of such films for electrochemically driven biocatalysis. Maintaining and confirming structural integrity and catalytic activity of cyt P450s in films is an essential feature of these efforts. We highlight here our efforts to elucidate the influence of iron heme spin state and secondary structure of human cyt P450s on voltammetric and biocatalytic properties, using methodologies to quantitatively describe the dynamics of these processes in thin films. We also describe the first cyt P450/reductase films that accurately mimic the natural biocatalytic pathway and show how they can be used with voltammetry to elucidate key mechanistic features. Such bioelectronic cyt P450 systems have high value for future drug development, toxicity screening, fundamental investigations, and chemical synthesis systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadagopan Krishnan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
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Mie Y, Suzuki M, Komatsu Y. Electrochemically Driven Drug Metabolism by Membranes Containing Human Cytochrome P450. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:6646-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ja809364r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Mie
- Research Institute of Genome-based Biofactory, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2-17-2-1 Tsukisamu-higashi, Sapporo 062-8517, Japan
| | - Masaaki Suzuki
- Research Institute of Genome-based Biofactory, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2-17-2-1 Tsukisamu-higashi, Sapporo 062-8517, Japan
| | - Yasuo Komatsu
- Research Institute of Genome-based Biofactory, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2-17-2-1 Tsukisamu-higashi, Sapporo 062-8517, Japan
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Hlavica P. Assembly of non-natural electron transfer conduits in the cytochrome P450 system: A critical assessment and update of artificial redox constructs amenable to exploitation in biotechnological areas. Biotechnol Adv 2009; 27:103-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2008.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2008] [Revised: 09/29/2008] [Accepted: 10/04/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Protein electrodes with direct electrochemical communication. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2008; 109:19-64. [PMID: 17928972 DOI: 10.1007/10_2007_083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemistry using direct electron transfer between an electrode and a protein or an enzyme has developed into a means for studying biological redox reactions and for bioanalytics, biosynthesis and bioenergetics. This review summarizes recent work on direct protein electrochemistry with special emphasis on our results in bioelectrocatalysis using isolated enzymes and enzyme-protein couples.
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Schubert F, Kirstein D, Scheller F, Mohr P. Immobilization of Cytochrome P-450 and its Application in Ehzikb Electrodes. ANAL LETT 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/00032718008055723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Abstract
Oxidoreductase enzymes catalyze single- or multi-electron reduction/oxidation reactions of small molecule inorganic or organic substrates, and they are integral to a wide variety of biological processes including respiration, energy production, biosynthesis, metabolism, and detoxification. All redox enzymes require a natural redox partner such as an electron-transfer protein (e.g. cytochrome, ferredoxin, flavoprotein) or a small molecule cosubstrate (e.g. NAD(P)H, dioxygen) to sustain catalysis, in effect to balance the substrate/product redox half-reaction. In principle, the natural electron-transfer partner may be replaced by an electrochemical working electrode. One of the great strengths of this approach is that the rate of catalysis (equivalent to the observed electrochemical current) may be probed as a function of applied potential through linear sweep and cyclic voltammetry, and insight to the overall catalytic mechanism may be gained by a systematic electrochemical study coupled with theoretical analysis. In this review, the various approaches to enzyme electrochemistry will be discussed, including direct and indirect (mediated) experiments, and a brief coverage of the theory relevant to these techniques will be presented. The importance of immobilizing enzymes on the electrode surface will be presented and the variety of ways that this may be done will be reviewed. The importance of chemical modification of the electrode surface in ensuring an environment conducive to a stable and active enzyme capable of functioning natively will be illustrated. Fundamental research into electrochemically driven enzyme catalysis has led to some remarkable practical applications. The glucose oxidase enzyme electrode is a spectacularly successful application of enzyme electrochemistry. Biosensors based on this technology are used worldwide by sufferers of diabetes to provide rapid and accurate analysis of blood glucose concentrations. Other applications of enzyme electrochemistry are in the sensing of macromolecular complexation events such as antigen–antibody binding and DNA hybridization. The review will include a selection of enzymes that have been successfully investigated by electrochemistry and, where appropriate, discuss their development towards practical biotechnological applications.
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Abstract
Heme-thiolate proteins (HTPs) play critical biological roles by catalyzing challenging chemical reactions. The ability of HTPs to selectively oxidize inert substrates under mild conditions has led to much research aimed at the development of useful in vitro oxidation technology. Very complex electron transfer machinery is required to support HTP chemistry, and electrochemical methods provide many of the needed components. The challenge is to find a system that has good electrode-enzyme electronic coupling that, in turn, would drive catalytic turnover at relatively high rates. Several systems reviewed herein have shown promise in experimental work on components that could be part of a molecular machine for the selective oxidation of organic substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew K Udit
- Department of Chemistry, Occidental College, Los Angeles, CA 90041, USA
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Bistolas N, Wollenberger U, Jung C, Scheller FW. Cytochrome P450 biosensors—a review. Biosens Bioelectron 2005; 20:2408-23. [PMID: 15854816 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2004.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2004] [Revised: 11/10/2004] [Accepted: 11/10/2004] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 (CYP) is a large family of enzymes containing heme as the active site. Since their discovery and the elucidation of their structure, they have attracted the interest of scientist for many years, particularly due to their catalytic abilities. Since the late 1970s attempts have concentrated on the construction and development of electrochemical sensors. Although sensors based on mediated electron transfer have also been constructed, the direct electron transfer approach has attracted most of the interest. This has enabled the investigation of the electrochemical properties of the various isoforms of CYP. Furthermore, CYP utilized to construct biosensors for the determination of substrates important in environmental monitoring, pharmaceutical industry and clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikitas Bistolas
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Street 24-25, 14476 Golm, Germany
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Shumyantseva VV, Bulko TV, Archakov AI. Electrochemical reduction of cytochrome P450 as an approach to the construction of biosensors and bioreactors. J Inorg Biochem 2005; 99:1051-63. [PMID: 15833328 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2005.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2004] [Revised: 01/24/2005] [Accepted: 01/28/2005] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In the present review an attempt was made to present an up-to-date amount of the data on electrochemical reduction of the hemoprotein cytochrome P450. The concept and potentialities of enzyme electrodes--transducers--as the main element for construction of electrochemical biosensors were discussed. Different types of electrodes for bioelectrochemistry were analysed. New nanotechnological approaches to cytochrome P450 immobilisation were reported. It was shown that nanobiotechnology in electrochemistry has potential application in manufacturing biosensors and bioreactors for clinical medicine and pharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria V Shumyantseva
- Laboratory of Microsomal Oxidation, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Pogodinskaya Str., 10, Moscow 119121, Russia.
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Wollenberger U. Chapter 2 Third generation biosensors—integrating recognition and transduction in electrochemical sensors. BIOSENSORS AND MODERN BIOSPECIFIC ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/s0166-526x(05)44002-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Scheller FW, Wollenberger U, Lei C, Jin W, Ge B, Lehmann C, Lisdat F, Fridman V. Bioelectrocatalysis by redox enzymes at modified electrodes. J Biotechnol 2002; 82:411-24. [PMID: 11996219 DOI: 10.1016/s1389-0352(01)00055-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Self-assembled monolayers of thiolated compounds are used as promoters for protein-electrode reactions. They provide an anchor group based on thiol chemisorptions and also a functional group for effective interaction with the protein. These interactions are often governed by electrostatic attraction. For example, for positively charged proteins, such as cytochrome c and the selenoprotein glutathione peroxidase, mercaptoalkanoic acids have been used. Clay modification of the electrode surface has been found to facilitate the heterogeneous electron transfer process for heme proteins, e.g. cytochrome c, cytochrome P450 and myoglobin. Interestingly, nucleic acids at carbon electrodes and thiol-modified double stranded oligonucleotides act as promoters of the redox communication to proteins, whereas the mechanism is still subject to controversy interpretations. By interacting the protein immobilised at the electrode with species in solution, signal chains have been constructed. The interaction can result in a simple co-ordination or redox reaction, depending on the nature of the reaction partners. For analytical purposes, e.g. biosensors, the electrochemical redox conversion of the immobilised protein is evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frieder W Scheller
- University of Potsdam, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Chair of Analytical Biochemistry, Golm, Germany.
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Sadeghi SJ, Tsotsou GE, Fairhead M, Meharenna YT, Gilardi G. Rational Design of P450 Enzymes for Biotechnology. PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY BASIS OF BIOTECHNOLOGY 2001. [DOI: 10.1007/0-306-46891-3_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Lei C, Wollenberger U, Jung C, Scheller FW. Clay-bridged electron transfer between cytochrome p450(cam) and electrode. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2000; 268:740-4. [PMID: 10679275 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2000.2200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate a very fast heterogeneous redox reaction of substrate-free cytochrome P450(cam) on a glassy carbon electrode modified with sodium montmorillonite. The linear relationship of the peak current in the cyclic voltammogram with the scan rate indicates a reversible one-electron transfer surface process. The electron transfer rate is in the range from 5 to 152 s(-1) with scan rates from 0.4 to 12 V/s, respectively. These values are comparable to rates reported for the natural electron transfer from putidaredoxin to P450(cam). The formal potential of adsorbed P450(cam) is -139 mV (vs NHE) and therefore positively shifted by 164 mV compared to the potential of substrate-free P450(cam) in solution. UV-VIS and FTIR spectra do not indicate an influence of the clay colloidal particles on the heme and the secondary structure of P450(cam) in solution. However, P450(cam) adsorbed on the surface of the clay-modified electrode may undergo partial dehydration resulting in the shift of the formal potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Lei
- Analytical Biochemistry, University of Potsdam, c/o Im Biotechnologiepark, Luckenwalde, D-14943, Germany
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Voltammetric study of conformational changes and properties of a protein monolayer adsorbed on a mercury electrode. Russ Chem Bull 1982. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00950643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Hemoproteins and related models in hydroxylation reactions of organic compounds Part II. Application of cytochrome P-450 in enzyme reactors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1981. [DOI: 10.1016/0304-5102(81)85017-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Senda M, Ikeda T, Kakutani T, Kano K, Kinoshita H. 403 - Polarographic studies on proteins. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1981. [DOI: 10.1016/0302-4598(81)80037-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Senda M, Ikeda T, Kakutani T, Kano K, Kinoshita H. Polarographic studies on proteins. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 1981. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-0728(81)80201-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Scheller F, Strnad G, Neumann B, Kühn M, Ostrowski W. Polarographic reduction of the prosthetic groupin flavoproteins. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1979. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-0728(79)81022-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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