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Mao W, Bao C, Han L. Electron Crystallographic Investigation of Crystals on the Mesostructural Scale. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2021; 27:1-11. [PMID: 34190039 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927621012149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The precise structural solution of crystals on a mesostructural scale is challenging due to the difficulties in obtaining electron diffraction and the complicated relationship between the crystal structure factors (CSFs) and the conventional underfocus phase-contrast transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images due to the large unit cell and the complex structures. Here, we present the structural investigation of mesostructured crystals via the combination of electron crystallographic Fourier synthesis and high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM) that only relies on the mass-thickness contrast. The three-dimensional electrostatic potential is reconstructed from the amplitudes and phases extracted from the Fourier transforms of the corresponding HAADF-STEM images and merged into a set of CSFs. This method is verified on silica scaffolds following a shifted double-diamond surface network with space group I41/amd. The results indicate that electron crystallography reconstruction by HAADF-STEM images is more suitable and accurate in determining the structure in comparison with conventional TEM electron crystallography reconstruction. This approach transfers the contrast of mesostructured crystals to images more accurately and the relationship between the Fourier transforms of HAADF-STEM images and the CSFs is more intuitive. It shows great advantages for the structural solution of crystals on the mesostructural scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Mao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai200240, China
| | - Chao Bao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai200240, China
| | - Lu Han
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai200092, China
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Abstract
It is shown that it is possible to obtain structural information from small (<100 nm) phthalocyanine crystals by using crystallographic direct phasing methods applied to electron diffraction data. This technique is both quantitative and does not suffer from the difficulties associated with high-resolution electron microscopy. Structural information has been obtained from both tetra- and octa chloro-copper phthalocyanines, and the results compared with the hydrogenated and perchloro members of the series.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. R. FRYER
- Chemistry Department, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
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Zhang X, Zhou ZH. Limiting factors in atomic resolution cryo electron microscopy: no simple tricks. J Struct Biol 2011; 175:253-63. [PMID: 21627992 PMCID: PMC3710782 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2011.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2010] [Revised: 05/03/2011] [Accepted: 05/05/2011] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
To bring cryo electron microscopy (cryoEM) of large biological complexes to atomic resolution, several factors--in both cryoEM image acquisition and 3D reconstruction--that may be neglected at low resolution become significantly limiting. Here we present thorough analyses of four limiting factors: (a) electron-beam tilt, (b) inaccurate determination of defocus values, (c) focus gradient through particles, and (d) particularly for large particles, dynamic (multiple) scattering of electrons. We also propose strategies to cope with these factors: (a) the divergence and direction tilt components of electron-beam tilt could be reduced by maintaining parallel illumination and by using a coma-free alignment procedure, respectively. Moreover, the effect of all beam tilt components, including spiral tilt, could be eliminated by use of a spherical aberration corrector. (b) More accurate measurement of defocus value could be obtained by imaging areas adjacent to the target area at high electron dose and by measuring the image shift induced by tilting the electron beam. (c) Each known Fourier coefficient in the Fourier transform of a cryoEM image is the sum of two Fourier coefficients of the 3D structure, one on each of two curved 'characteristic surfaces' in 3D Fourier space. We describe a simple model-based iterative method that could recover these two Fourier coefficients on the two characteristic surfaces. (d) The effect of dynamic scattering could be corrected by deconvolution of a transfer function. These analyses and our proposed strategies offer useful guidance for future experimental designs targeting atomic resolution cryoEM reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, 237 BSRB, 615 Charles E. Young Dr. S., Los Angeles, CA 90095-7364, USA California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Box 957227, 570 Westwood Plaza, Bldg 114, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7227, USA
| | - Z. Hong Zhou
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, 237 BSRB, 615 Charles E. Young Dr. S., Los Angeles, CA 90095-7364, USA California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Box 957227, 570 Westwood Plaza, Bldg 114, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7227, USA
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Hovmöller S, Zou X. Introduction to electron crystallography. CRYSTAL RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/crat.201000531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Sun J, He Z, Hovmöller S, Zou X, Gramm F, Baerlocher C, McCusker LB. Structure determination of the zeolite IM-5 using electron crystallography. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1524/zkri.2010.1204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The structure of the complex zeolite IM-5 (Cmcm, a = 14.33(4) Å, b = 56.9(2) Å, c = 20.32(7) Å) was determined by combining selected area electron diffraction (SAED), 3D reconstruction of high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) images from different zone axes and distance least squares (DLS) refinement. The unit cell parameters were determined from SAED. The space group was determined from extinctions in the SAED patterns and projection symmetries of HRTEM images. Using the structure factor amplitudes and phases of 144 independent reflections obtained from HRTEM images along the [100], [010] and [001] directions, a 3D electrostatic potential map was calculated by inverse Fourier transformation. From this 3D potential map, all 24 unique Si positions could be determined. Oxygen atoms were added between each Si–Si pair and further refined together with the Si positions by distance-least-squares. The final structure model deviates on average 0.16 Å for Si and 0.31 Å for O from the structure refined using X-ray powder diffraction data. This method is general and offers a new possibility for determining the structures of zeolites and other materials with complex structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junliang Sun
- Stockholm University, Dep. of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm, Schweden
| | - Zhanbing He
- Stockholm University, Dep. of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm, Schweden
| | - Sven Hovmöller
- Stockhom University, Dep. of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm, Schweden
| | | | - Fabian Gramm
- ETH Zürich, Laboratory of Crystallography, Zürich, Schweiz
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Zou X, Hovmöller S. Electron crystallography: imaging and single-crystal diffraction from powders. Acta Crystallogr A 2007; 64:149-60. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767307060084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2007] [Accepted: 11/16/2007] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of crystals at atomic level by electrons – electron crystallography – is an important complement to X-ray crystallography. There are two main advantages of structure determinations by electron crystallography compared to X-ray diffraction: (i) crystals millions of times smaller than those needed for X-ray diffraction can be studied and (ii) the phases of the crystallographic structure factors, which are lost in X-ray diffraction, are present in transmission-electron-microscopy (TEM) images. In this paper, some recent developments of electron crystallography and its applications, mainly on inorganic crystals, are shown. Crystal structures can be solved to atomic resolution in two dimensions as well as in three dimensions from both TEM images and electron diffraction. Different techniques developed for electron crystallography, including three-dimensional reconstruction, the electron precession technique and ultrafast electron crystallography, are reviewed. Examples of electron-crystallography applications are given. There is in principle no limitation to the complexity of the structures that can be solved by electron crystallography.
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Möbus G, Schweinfest R, Gemming T, Wagner T, Rühle M. Iterative structure retrieval techniques in HREM: a comparative study and a modular program package. J Microsc 2002. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2818.1998.3120865.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G. Möbus
- Max‐Planck‐Institut für Metallforschung, Seestraße 92, D‐70174 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - R. Schweinfest
- Max‐Planck‐Institut für Metallforschung, Seestraße 92, D‐70174 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - T. Gemming
- Max‐Planck‐Institut für Metallforschung, Seestraße 92, D‐70174 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - T. Wagner
- Max‐Planck‐Institut für Metallforschung, Seestraße 92, D‐70174 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - M. Rühle
- Max‐Planck‐Institut für Metallforschung, Seestraße 92, D‐70174 Stuttgart, Germany
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Hovmöller S, Zou X, Weirich TE. Crystal structure determination from EM images and electron diffraction patterns. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s1076-5670(02)80066-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
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Abstract
In electron microscopy, the word phase is used for different physical phenomena, including crystallographic structure-factor phases and the electron wave phases. This has resulted in great confusion, as to whether the phase information is present or lost when an image is recorded. The aim of this paper is to solve this phase confusion problem by studying the relationships between structure factors, exit waves, and high-resolution electron microscopy (HREM) images. Three approaches are taken. First phases at different stages of the imaging processes are compared analytically for a crystal that can be considered a weak phase object (WPO). Then these different phases are calculated by the multi-slice method based on dynamical diffraction theory, and their numerical values are compared. Finally, the validity of the theoretical description is checked by comparison with experimental data on a real crystal, Ti(2)S. It is demonstrated that it is possible to obtain accurate structure factor-phases directly from HREM images by crystallographic image processing. The two major methods for structure determination from HREM images-exit wave reconstruction and crystallographic image processing-are compared. It is shown that the information utilised by the two methods as well as the results are essentially the same.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Zou
- Structural Chemistry, Stockholm University, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Abstract
The effects of thickness and tilt angle are studied numerically on experimental high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) images of a wedge-shaped metal oxide crystal. For sufficiently thin and well-aligned crystals, the amplitudes and phases of the Fourier transforms of the HRTEM images are essentially the same as the crystallographic structure factors. For tilted crystals, the changes of amplitudes and phases as a function of increased thickness and tilt angle can be described by a simple model. A method is presented by which the local thickness can be determined from one HRTEM image and one convergent-beam electron diffraction pattern from the same crystal. It is also shown how the projected potential can be reconstructed from HRTEM images of tilted crystals, disclosing the crystal structure, even from quite thick (>20 nm) samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hovmöller
- Structural Chemistry, Stockholm University, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Huang D, He W, Li F. Multiple solution in maximum entropy deconvolution of high resolution electron microscope images. Ultramicroscopy 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0304-3991(95)00142-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Selke H. Extension of crystallographic image processing to quasicrystals. Ultramicroscopy 1996; 62:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/0304-3991(95)00151-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Non-linear reconstruction of the exit plane wave function from periodic high-resolution electron microscopy images. Ultramicroscopy 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0304-3991(94)90002-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Zou X, Sukharev Y, Hovmöller S. Quantitative electron diffraction — new features in the program system ELD. Ultramicroscopy 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/0304-3991(93)90058-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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15
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Lundberg M, Sundberg M. New complex structures in the cesium-niobium-tungsten-oxide system revealed by HREM. Ultramicroscopy 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/0304-3991(93)90057-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Thust A, Urban K. Quantitative high-speed matching of high-resolution electron microscopy images. Ultramicroscopy 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/0304-3991(92)90035-i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Hu J, Li F, Fan H. Crystal structure determination of K2O·7Nb2O5 by combining high-resolution electron microscopy and electron diffraction. Ultramicroscopy 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/0304-3991(92)90218-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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20
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Sung CM, Williams DB. Principle and applications of convergent beam electron diffraction: a bibliography (1938-1990). JOURNAL OF ELECTRON MICROSCOPY TECHNIQUE 1991; 17:95-118. [PMID: 1993941 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.1060170110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C M Sung
- Materials Characterization Department, GTE Laboratories Inc., Waltham, Massachusetts 02254
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Ross R, Kratzheller B, Gruehn R. Beitr�ge zur Untersuchung anorganischer nichtst�chiometrischer Verbindungen. XLI. Neue Oxidhalogenide in den Systemen Cu/Nb/O/X (X = Cl, Br, I) Pr�paration, thermisches Verhalten sowie Strukturuntersuchungen mit der hochaufl�senden Transmissionselektronenmikroskopie. Z Anorg Allg Chem 1990. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.19905870107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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23
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Hovmöller S. Structure analysis by crystallographic image processing Hommage à Jean Baptiste Joseph Fourier (1768-1830). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1990. [DOI: 10.1051/mmm:0199000105-6042300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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