1
|
Squellerio I, Porro B, Songia P, Veglia F, Caruso D, Tremoli E, Cavalca V. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for simultaneous measurement of thromboxane B2 and 12(S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid in serum. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2014; 96:256-62. [PMID: 24786190 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2014.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Revised: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Arachidonic acid (AA) is metabolized in human platelets by two main pathways: via cyclooxygenase (COX-1) to prostaglandins and thromboxane (TX)A2 and via 12-lipoxygenase (12-LOX) to 12(S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12(S)-HETE). While COX products are known to regulate platelet reactivity, the role of 12-LOX metabolites is still controversial. To better understand the platelet enzymatic pathways, we developed a simple and sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) assay for the simultaneous measurement of both platelet metabolites in human serum. After the addition of deuterated d4-TXB2 and d8-12(S)-HETE as internal standards and the solid-phase extraction of serum samples, analytes were resolved using reversed-phase C18 column and quantified using negative ion electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry. Intra and interassay imprecisions were less than 10% for both analytes. The lower limits of quantification were 0.244ng/ml and 0.976ng/ml for TXB2 and 12(S)-HETE, respectively. This method was applied to measure platelet metabolites in healthy subjects (n=35). LC-MS/MS allows rapid, simultaneous, sensitive and accurate quantification of both platelet AA products in human serum with a small sample volume required and a minimal sample preparation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Benedetta Porro
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, Via Parea 4, 20138 Milan, Italy.
| | - Paola Songia
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, Via Parea 4, 20138 Milan, Italy.
| | - Fabrizio Veglia
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, Via Parea 4, 20138 Milan, Italy.
| | - Donatella Caruso
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Via Balzaretti 9, 20100 Milan, Italy.
| | - Elena Tremoli
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, Via Parea 4, 20138 Milan, Italy; Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Via Balzaretti 9, 20100 Milan, Italy.
| | - Viviana Cavalca
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, Via Parea 4, 20138 Milan, Italy; Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Via Parea 4, 20138 Milan, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Determination of 6-keto prostaglandin F1α and its metabolites in human plasma by LC–MS/MS. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2012; 901:67-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2012.05.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2012] [Revised: 05/12/2012] [Accepted: 05/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
3
|
Chiu CF, Dementev N, Borguet E. Fluorescence Quenching of Dyes Covalently Attached to Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:9579-84. [DOI: 10.1021/jp200152z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheuk Fai Chiu
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Nikolay Dementev
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Eric Borguet
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Frohberg P, Drutkowski G, Wobst I. Monitoring eicosanoid biosynthesis via lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase pathways in human whole blood by single HPLC run. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2006; 41:1317-24. [PMID: 16621414 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2006.02.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2006] [Revised: 02/17/2006] [Accepted: 02/24/2006] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Eicosanoids play an important role as lipid mediators for physiological and pathological processes. Inhibitors of their biosynthesis have been developed as drugs for various diseases with major health political relevance. The search for more efficient inhibitors of eicosanoid formation requires simultaneous monitoring of various metabolic pathways. We developed an HPLC-based assay system, which quantifies lipoxygenase metabolites leukotriene B4 (LTB4), 5-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (5-HETE), 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12-HETE), 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (15-HETE) and cyclooxygenase metabolite 12-hydroxy-5,8,10-heptadecatrienoic acid (12-HHT) in whole human blood. Eicosanoid formation in blood is initiated with calcium ionophore A23187, arachidonic acid and calcium and magnesium ions. After solid phase extraction the different eicosanoids were separated by isocratic RP-HPLC using prostaglandin B1 as authentic standard. To verify the assay we determined the IC50 of known inhibitors of eicosanoid biosynthesis (zileuton, indomethacin, nordihydroguaiaretic acid). The test system is simple. It does not require extensive methodological experience and can be carried out in any biochemical laboratory. The analytical procedure can be robotized and thus, the assay appears suitable for medium-throughput testing of drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Petra Frohberg
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Str. 4, 06120 Halle, Germany.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
|
6
|
Toyo’oka T. Fluorescent tagging of physiologically important carboxylic acids, including fatty acids, for their detection in liquid chromatography. Anal Chim Acta 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(02)00398-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
7
|
John H, Cammann K, Schlegel W. Development and review of radioimmunoassay of 12-S-hydroxyheptadecatrienoic acid. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 1998; 56:53-76. [PMID: 9785378 DOI: 10.1016/s0090-6980(98)00043-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
For more than 25 years 12-S-hydroxyheptadecatrienoic acid (HHT) has been known to be a product of thromboxanesynthase (TX-Syn) when synthesized with thromboxane A2 (TXA2). Although there are some hints that HHT has anti-aggregatory effects, to date, it has neither been shown to have any specific pathological relevance nor is there much information about its physiological role. This review presents a summary of the physicochemical properties of HHT, its chemical synthesis, the impact of various biological systems on its enzymatic and non-enzymatic production and its physiological function and metabolization, as well as a survey of the most important methods for analyzing this unsaturated hydroxy-fatty acid. Due to the low antibody-raising potency expected in HHT, no immunological system for HHT quantification has been developed so far. In our report we present the development and validation of a sensitive and reliable, competitive radioimmunoassay (RIA) suitable for the quantitative determination of HHT. HHT was produced by an enhanced enzymatic method using platelet-rich plasma (PRP). With an effective and modified liquid-liquid and solid-phase extraction method we were able to produce highly purified HHT (97% purity by GC/MS) in sub-milligram ranges. These fractions were used for the synthesis of BSA-antigen-conjugates and for immunization of rabbits. The tritiated tracer was synthesized using prostaglandin H synthase for the production of prostaglandin H2 (PGH2) followed by an aqueous reaction with Fe(2+)-solution to rear-range PGH2 to HHT. The dynamic range of the assay was from 30-400 pg/tube, with a sensitivity of approximately 40 pg/tube. The evaluation of the assay was performed by a HPLC-RIA method as well as by correlation with a quantitative HPLC method and correlation with TXB2 concentrations in a blood coagulation study. The assay may be useful for the quantification of HHT in several tissues and body fluids under various physiological conditions and may also help to understand the possible physiological role of HHT in biological processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H John
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Geburtshilfe und Frauenheilkunde, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Neupert W, Oelkers R, Brune K, Geisslinger G. A new reliable chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA) for prostaglandin E2 using enhanced luminol as substrate. PROSTAGLANDINS 1996; 52:385-401. [PMID: 8948506 DOI: 10.1016/s0090-6980(96)00103-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
A sensitive and reliable chemiluminescence immunoassay suitable for the quantitative determination of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) has been developed using 96 well microtiter plates (MTP). The assay is based on a competitive reaction between a highly specific monoclonal anti-PGE2 antibody (mouse), free antigen and solid phase bound antigen. The MTP was first coated with a bovine serum albumin (BSA)-PGE2 conjugate. Then, after preincubating, the anti-PGE2 antibody (Ab) and the analyte were added. The remaining amount of free antibody was captured by the solid phase bound BSA-PGE2 conjugate. The monoclonal antibody captured on the MTP was determined using biotinylated anti-mouse-Ab and a complex of avidin and biotin-labelled horseradish peroxidase (HRP). Substrate for HRP was the cyclic diacyl hydrazide compound luminol, enhanced by p-iodophenol. Photons emitted during the reaction were measured using a photomultiplier tube. The assay has been validated with assay buffer and human plasma over a concentration range of 10-50,000 pg/ml. The lower limit of quantification is 100 pg/ml (2 pg/well) and 150 pg/ml (3 pg/well) for buffer and plasma, respectively. The intra-day coefficients of variation (CV) for the range of 100-50,000 pg/ml are 3.2-8.9% (buffer) and 4.2-17.7% (plasma) and inter-day CV are 2.9-19.8% (buffer) and 3.6-21.2% (plasma). The method can be used for quantification of PGE2 in biological fluids like plasma and suction blister fluid.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W Neupert
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Erlangen, Germany
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Mukherjee PS, Karnes HT. Ultraviolet and fluorescence derivatization reagents for carboxylic acids suitable for high performance liquid chromatography: a review. Biomed Chromatogr 1996; 10:193-204. [PMID: 8879524 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1099-0801(199609)10:5<193::aid-bmc591>3.0.co;2-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Pre- and postcolumn derivatization with a suitable chromophore or fluorophore have often been utilized to enhance the sensitivity and selectivity of detection for analytes possessing a carboxyl group. The major classes of UV and fluorescent derivatization reagents include the coumarin analogues, alkyl halides, diazoalkanes, and amines. The derivatization reaction conditions, HPLC systems for separation of the conjugates and detection limits of various analytes are presented in this review. High mass sensitivity for various carboxylic acids have been achieved with the hydrazides, anthracenes, and diazoalkanes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P S Mukherjee
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutics, Medical College of Virginia, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond 23298-0533, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Toyo'oka T. Use of derivatization to improve the chromatographic properties and detection selectivity of physiologically important carboxylic acids. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY. B, BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS 1995; 671:91-112. [PMID: 8520705 DOI: 10.1016/0378-4347(94)00559-n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
In this review, tagging techniques with reagents used for ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis), fluorescent (FL), chemiluminescent (CL) and electrochemical detection (ED) for higher carboxylic acids in HPLC are evaluated in terms of the tagging reactions, handling, flexibility, stability of the reagents and the corresponding derivatives, sensitivity and selectivity. Emphasis is given to the applications of these tagging techniques to biologically important carboxylic acids of relatively high molecular mass including free fatty acids, prostaglandins, leukotrienes and thromboxanes etc. Some typical examples are described. Although RIA and GC-MS are powerful techniques for the highly sensitive determination of carboxylic acids, tagging for these techniques is not included in this review because recent progress in tagging methods has been mainly concerned with HPLC detection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Toyo'oka
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
van Haaster CM, Engels W, Lemmens PJ, Hornstra G, van der Vusse GJ. Formation of prostanoids and hydroxy fatty acids by stimulated peritoneal mast cells: role of the dietary fat type in rat. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1993; 1167:147-54. [PMID: 8466942 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2760(93)90155-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
To study the influence of membrane fatty acid composition on the formation of prostanoids and hydroxy fatty acids by rat peritoneal mast cells (MC), animals were fed three different types of fatty acids: mackerel oil (MO), abundant in n-3 fatty acids; sunflower seed oil (SO), rich in linoleic acid; and hydrogenated coconut oil (HCO), mainly containing saturated fatty acids. The presence of n-3 fatty acids in the diet resulted in the incorporation of 20:5(n-3), 22:5(n-3) and 22:6(n-3) in MC phospholipids. A decrease of arachidonic acid, 20:4(n-6), was observed in MC-phospholipids of the MO-fed animals. Furthermore, increasing the relative amounts of 18:2(n-6) in the diet (SO group) led to an increased incorporation of linoleic acid, 18:2(n-6) in MC phospholipids when compared to both other dietary groups. The changes in MC phospholipid fatty acid composition were (partly) reflected in the formation of prostanoids and hydroxy fatty acids upon stimulation with the calcium ionophore A23187. The decrease in arachidonic acid content in MC phospholipids of MO-fed rats resulted in a decreased formation of PGD2 when compared to both other groups. Also, the increased amounts of 18:2(n-6) in MC phospholipids of SO-fed rats resulted in an increased formation of 9- and 13-HODE upon stimulation. The results show that modifications in the fatty acid composition of the diet influences MC membrane fatty acid composition which ultimately results in changes in prostanoid and hydroxy fatty acid synthesis by MC upon stimulation with the calcium ionophore A23187.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C M van Haaster
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Nyyssönen K, Seppänen K, Salonen JT. High-performance liquid chromatographic assay of platelet-produced thromboxane B2. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY 1993; 612:27-32. [PMID: 8454699 DOI: 10.1016/0378-4347(93)80363-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
A method for the routine determination of platelet-produced thromboxane B2 (TXB2) from human serum is presented. To induce the secretion of thromboxane A2 from the platelets, blood is kept at 37 degrees C for 30 min before serum is separated. Serum is prepurified through small reversed-phase columns and TXB2 is analysed by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. A column-switching technique is used to remove the interfering compounds present in serum. The detection limit with standard solution is 30 ng per injection. The method was applied to the measurement of platelet-produced TXB2 serum from 1040 men. The mean TXB2 was 247 +/- 134 ng/ml in the serum of men who had not used prostaglandin inhibitors, and 208 +/- 123 ng/ml in the serum of men who had used a prostaglandin inhibitor during a two-week period before blood sampling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Nyyssönen
- Research Institute of Public Health, University of Kuopio, Finland
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Vossen RC, van Dam-Mieras MC, Lemmens PJ, Hornstra G, Zwaal RF. Membrane fatty acid composition and endothelial cell functional properties. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1991; 1083:243-51. [PMID: 2049388 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2760(91)90078-v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In order to study the influence of endothelial cell fatty acid composition on various membrane related parameters, several in vitro methods were developed for manipulating the fatty acid content of human endothelial cell membranes. Changes in membrane fatty acid profile were induced by using fatty acid modified lipoproteins or free fatty acids. The largest changes in endothelial fatty acid composition were obtained by culturing the cells in media supplemented with specific free fatty acids. An increase in arachidonic acid content of endothelial phospholipids was induced by supplementation with saturated fatty acids or with arachidonic acid itself. A decrease in arachidonic acid content was obtained by supplementation with other unsaturated fatty acids. Under the experimental conditions used endothelial cells showed a low desaturase activity and a high elongase activity. Considerable alterations in membrane fatty acid composition did not greatly influence certain membrane related parameters such as polymorphonuclear leukocyte adherence and endothelial cell procoagulant activity. In general, for fatty acid modified endothelial cells an association between endogenous arachidonic acid content and total production of eicosanoids was found. This study demonstrates that considerable changes in membrane fatty acid profile affect endothelial cell arachidonic acid metabolism, but it also illustrates homeostasis at the level of endothelial cell functional activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R C Vossen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Limburg, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Cordis GA, Das DK. High-performance liquid chromatographic detection of myocardial prostaglandins and thromboxanes. J Chromatogr A 1991; 536:309-17. [PMID: 2050769 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(01)89264-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Reperfusion of ischemic myocardium is associated with the breakdown of membrane phospholipids and a corresponding increase in arachidonic acid, ultimately resulting in the production of prostaglandins (PGs) and thromboxanes (TXs). However, quantification of these arachidonic acid metabolites has been limited to radioimmunoassay because of their presence in extremely low amounts. In this report, we describe a method suitable to detect sub-picogram levels of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, PGF1 alpha, PGE2 and TXB2 in myocardial perfusates by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a high-gain photomultiplier and a xenon-mercury are lamp. Strong Raleigh scatter of the lamp was eliminated by both interference and long-pass cut-off filters. Improved sample clean-up and HPLC separation were achieved by an HPLC system with an Ultrasphere 3-microns C18 column.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G A Cordis
- Department of Surgery, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington 06030
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Doyle MJ, Eichhold TH, Hynd BA, Weisman SM. Determination of leukotriene B4 in human plasma by gas chromatography using a mass selective detector and a stable isotope labelled internal standard. Effect of NE-11740 on arachidonic acid metabolism. J Pharm Biomed Anal 1990; 8:137-42. [PMID: 1965571 DOI: 10.1016/0731-7085(90)80020-p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A highly selective gas chromatographic method, coupled with selected ion monitoring using a mass selective detector and positive electron ionization, was developed for the determination of leukotriene B4 (LTB4) in human plasma. Plasma was separated from whole human blood via centrifugation, proteins precipitated with acetonitrile and LTB4 recovered (approximately 82.0%) by ethyl acetate extraction. The methyl ester, bis-t-butyldimethylsilyl ether derivative of LTB4 was formed prior to analysis and determined quantitatively using [18O]2-LTB4 as an internal standard. The limit of detection (S/N = 2) was 425 pg on column (m/z 335/339) using a 1-microliter injection. Standard curves were linear over two orders of magnitude with an RSD of less than 5.0% (n = 10). NE-11740, a new anti-inflammatory drug, was shown to inhibit, in a dose-dependent manner (ED50 = 22 microM) ionophore-stimulated LTB4 biosynthesis by human whole blood in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M J Doyle
- Procter & Gamble Company, Miami Valley Laboratories, H&PCTD, Cincinnati, OH 45239-8707
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|