1
|
Noureldin HAM, Abdel-Aziz AM, Mabrouk MM, Saad AHK, Badr IHA. Green and cost-effective voltammetric assay for spiramycin based on activated glassy carbon electrode and its applications to urine and milk samples. RSC Adv 2023; 13:844-852. [PMID: 36686907 PMCID: PMC9809205 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra06768d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A simple, cost-effective, and efficient differential pulse voltammetric (DPV) assay for monitoring spiramycin adipate (SPA) in its dosage forms, urine, and milk samples at an activated glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was developed. GCE was electrochemically activated by anodization at a high positive voltage (2.5 V). The activated glassy carbon electrode (AGCE) was surface characterized, optimized, and utilized for the electrochemical assay of SPA. The electrochemical behavior of the AGCEs was investigated using cyclic voltammetry (CV) which shows a remarkable increase in the anodic peak of SPA in comparison with GCE. This behavior reflects a remarkable increase in the electrocatalytic oxidation of SPA at AGCE. The impacts of various parameters such as scan rate, accumulation time, and pH were investigated. The analytical performance of the activated glassy carbon electrodes was studied utilizing DPV. Under optimum conditions, the oxidation peak current exhibited two linear ranges of 80 nm to 0.8 μM and 0.85-300 μM with a lower limit of detection (LOD) of 20 nM. The developed assay exhibited high sensitivity, excellent repeatability, and good selectivity. Additionally, the developed SPA-sensitive modified GCE was successfully applied for SPA assay in its pharmaceutical dosage form and diluted biological fluids as well, with satisfactory recovery results which correlated well with the results obtained using spectrophotometry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hind A. M. Noureldin
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in CairoCairoEgypt
| | - Ali M. Abdel-Aziz
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams UniversityCairoEgypt
| | - Mokhtar M. Mabrouk
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta UniversityTantaEgypt
| | - Amira H. K. Saad
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta UniversityTantaEgypt
| | - Ibrahim H. A. Badr
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams UniversityCairoEgypt,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Galala UniversitySuezEgypt
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Elkhoudary MM, Abdel Salam RA, Hadad GM. Development and Optimization of HPLC Analysis of Metronidazole, Diloxanide, Spiramycin and Cliquinol in Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms Using Experimental Design. J Chromatogr Sci 2016; 54:1701-1712. [PMID: 27621138 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmw126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2015] [Revised: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A new simple, sensitive, rapid and accurate gradient reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detector (RP-HPLC-DAD) was developed and validated for simultaneous analysis of Metronidazole (MNZ), Spiramycin (SPY), Diloxanidefuroate (DIX) and Cliquinol (CLQ) using statistical experimental design. Initially, a resolution V fractional factorial design was used in order to screen five independent factors: the column temperature (°C), pH, phosphate buffer concentration (mM), flow rate (ml/min) and the initial fraction of mobile phase B (%). pH, flow rate and initial fraction of mobile phase B were identified as significant, using analysis of variance. The optimum conditions of separation determined with the aid of central composite design were: (1) initial mobile phase concentration: phosphate buffer/methanol (50/50, v/v), (2) phosphate buffer concentration (50 mM), (3) pH (4.72), (4) column temperature 30°C and (5) mobile phase flow rate (0.8 ml min-1). Excellent linearity was observed for all of the standard calibration curves, and the correlation coefficients were above 0.9999. Limits of detection for all of the analyzed compounds ranged between 0.02 and 0.11 μg ml-1; limits of quantitation ranged between 0.06 and 0.33 μg ml-1 The proposed method showed good prediction ability. The optimized method was validated according to ICH guidelines. Three commercially available tablets were analyzed showing good % recovery and %RSD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud M Elkhoudary
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University, El Arish, North Sinai, Egypt.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudia Arabia
| | - Randa A Abdel Salam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Ghada M Hadad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Elkhoudary MM, Abdel Salam RA, Hadad GM. Comparative artificial neural network and partial least squares models for analysis of Metronidazole, Diloxanide, Spiramycin and Cliquinol in pharmaceutical preparations. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2014; 130:222-229. [PMID: 24792195 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2014.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Revised: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Metronidazole (MNZ) is a widely used antibacterial and amoebicide drug. Therefore, it is important to develop a rapid and specific analytical method for the determination of MNZ in mixture with Spiramycin (SPY), Diloxanide (DIX) and Cliquinol (CLQ) in pharmaceutical preparations. This work describes simple, sensitive and reliable six multivariate calibration methods, namely linear and nonlinear artificial neural networks preceded by genetic algorithm (GA-ANN) and principle component analysis (PCA-ANN) as well as partial least squares (PLS) either alone or preceded by genetic algorithm (GA-PLS) for UV spectrophotometric determination of MNZ, SPY, DIX and CLQ in pharmaceutical preparations with no interference of pharmaceutical additives. The results manifest the problem of nonlinearity and how models like ANN can handle it. Analytical performance of these methods was statistically validated with respect to linearity, accuracy, precision and specificity. The developed methods indicate the ability of the previously mentioned multivariate calibration models to handle and solve UV spectra of the four components' mixtures using easy and widely used UV spectrophotometer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud M Elkhoudary
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University, El Arish, North Sinai, Egypt
| | - Randa A Abdel Salam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Ghada M Hadad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
García-Mayor MA, Garcinuño RM, Fernández-Hernando P, Durand-Alegría JS. Liquid chromatography–UV diode-array detection method for multi-residue determination of macrolide antibiotics in sheep's milk. J Chromatogr A 2006; 1122:76-83. [PMID: 16682049 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2006.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2006] [Revised: 04/07/2006] [Accepted: 04/12/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A rapid, simple and sensitive liquid chromatography-UV diode-array detection method was developed for the simultaneous determination of seven macrolides (erythromycin, oleandomycin, roxithromycin, josamycin, spiramycin, tylosin and ivermectin) in sheep's milk. The column, mobile phase, temperature and flow rate were optimised to provide the best resolution of these analytes. The extraction of the antibiotic residues involves the treatment of protein-free samples with a combination of concentrated sodium hydroxide and ethyl acetate. Necessary defatting is achieved by alkaline hydrolysis. The recovery of each antibiotic was between 55% and 77%, with relative standard deviations ranging from 1% to 6.5%. The limit of quantification was 72.4 microg/kg for ivermectin, 48.3 microg/kg for roxithromycin, and 24.1 microg/kg for erythromycin, oleandomycin, spiramycin, josamycin and tylosin. The procedure was successfully used in the multi-residue determination of these macrolides at levels below the maximum concentrations legally allowed in milk samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M A García-Mayor
- Department of Analytical Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, National University of Distance Education (UNED), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Gomis D, Ferreras A, ÁLvarez M, García E. Determination of Spiramycin and Josamycin in Milk By HPLC and Fluorescence Detection. J Food Sci 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2004.tb10708.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
6
|
Zhong D, Shi X, Sun L, Chen X. Determination of three major components of bitespiramycin and their major active metabolites in rat plasma by liquid chromatography-ion trap mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2003; 791:45-53. [PMID: 12798164 DOI: 10.1016/s1570-0232(03)00205-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The rapid, selective and sensitive liquid chromatographic-ion trap mass spectrometric (LC-MS(n)) method was developed and validated for determination of three major components (isovaleryspiramycins, ISV-SPMs) of a novel macrolide antibiotic bitespiramycin and their major active metabolites (spiramycins, SPMs) in rat plasma. The analytes ISV-SPMs, SPMs, internal standard roxithromycin and azithromycin were extracted from plasma samples by liquid-liquid extraction, and chromatographed on a C(18) column using two mobile phase systems. Detection was carried out on an ion trap mass spectrometer by selected reaction monitoring (SRM) mode via electrospray ionization (ESI). Three components (ISV-SPM I, II, III or SPM I, II, III) could be simultaneously determined within 6.5 min. Linear calibration curves were obtained in the concentration ranges of 4-200 ng/ml for ISV-SPM I and SPM I, 12-600 ng/ml for ISV-SPM II and SPM II, and 18-900 ng/ml for ISV-SPM III and SPM III. The intra- and inter-run precision (RSD), calculated from quality control (QC) samples were less than 8.8 and 10.4% for ISV-SPMs, and 9.3 and 11.2% for SPMs, respectively. The method was applied for the evaluation of the pharmacokinetics of bitespiramycin in rats following peroral/intravenous administration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dafang Zhong
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, PR China.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
González de la Huebra MJ, Bordin G, Rodríguez AR. Comparative study of coulometric and amperometric detection for the determination of macrolides in human urine using high-performance liquid chromatography. Anal Bioanal Chem 2003; 375:1031-7. [PMID: 12733015 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-003-1801-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2002] [Accepted: 01/15/2003] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method using chromatographic conditions optimised in a previous work was applied for the separation of three macrolide antibiotics roxithromycin (Rox), oleandomycin (Ole) and rosamicin (Ros) and further determination of two of them, roxithromycin (Rox) and oleandomycin (Ole), in human urine samples. A comparative study of the behaviour of these macrolides under the two types of electrochemical detection (EC) widely coupled with HPLC, that is coulometric (EC-C) and amperometric (EC-A), was carried out by applying the same multiresidue method. From the assays performed using both detectors the comparison was made taking relevant criteria such as detection limits, linearity, recovery and precision values into account. As a result of this comparison, the coulometric detector appears slightly more suitable than the amperometric one for macrolide analysis.
Collapse
|
8
|
Chepkwony HK, Vermaelen A, Roets E, Hoogmartens J. Development and validation of an reversed-phase liquid chromatographic method for analysis of spiramycin and related substances. Chromatographia 2001. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02491832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
9
|
Dubois M, Fluchard D, Sior E, Delahaut P. Identification and quantification of five macrolide antibiotics in several tissues, eggs and milk by liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY. B, BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS 2001; 753:189-202. [PMID: 11334331 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(00)00542-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
We present an electrospray high-performance liquid chromatographic tandem mass spectrometric (HPLC-MS-MS) method capable of determining in several tissues (muscle, kidney, liver), eggs and milk the following five macrolides: tylosin, tilmicosin, spiramycin, josamycin, erythromycin. Roxithromycin was used as an internal standard. The method uses extraction in a Tris buffer at pH 10.5, followed by protein precipitation with sodium tungstate and clean-up on an Oasis solid-phase extraction column. The HPLC separation was performed on a Purospher C18 column (125 x 3 mm I.D.) protected by a guard column, with a gradient of aqueous 0.1 M ammonium acetate-acetonitrile as the mobile phase at a flow-rate of 0.7 ml min(-1). Protonated molecules served as precursor ions for electrospray ionisation in the positive ion mode and four product ions were chosen for each analyte for multiple reaction monitoring (MRM). A validation study was conducted to confirm the five macrolides by MRM HPLC-MS-MS analysis of a negative control and fortified samples. All of the samples analysed were confirmed with four ions. The ion ratio reproducibility limit ranged from 2.4 to 15%. All compounds could be detected and quantified at half-maximum residue limits (MRLs). The method is specific, quantitative and reproducible enough to conform to European Union recommendations within the concentration range 0.5 MRL-2 MRL (accuracy: 80 to 110%, relative standard deviation: 2 to 13%). This whole method allows extraction and analysis of up to 50 samples per day.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Dubois
- CER, Laboratoire d'Hormonologie, Marloie, Belgium
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
The following macrolide antibiotics have been covered in this review: erythromycin and its related substances, azithromycin, clarithromycin, dirithromycin, roxithromycin, flurithromycin, josamycin, rokitamycin, kitasamycin, mycinamycin, mirosamycin, oleandomycin, rosaramicin, spiramycin and tylosin. The application of various thin-layer chromatography, paper chromatography, gas chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography and capillary zone electrophoresis procedures for their analysis are described. These techniques have been applied to the separation and quantitative analysis of the macrolides in fermentation media, purity assessment of raw materials, assay of pharmaceutical dosage forms and the measurement of clinically useful macrolide antibiotics in biological samples such as blood, plasma, serum, urine and tissues. Data relating to the chromatographic behaviour of some macrolide antibiotics as well as the various detection methods used, such as bioautography, UV spectrophotometry, fluorometry, electrochemical detection, chemiluminescence and mass spectrometry techniques are also included.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Kanfer
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Horie M, Saito K, Ishii R, Yoshida T, Haramaki Y, Nakazawa H. Simultaneous determination of five macrolide antibiotics in meat by high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 1998; 812:295-302. [PMID: 9691326 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(98)00004-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A simple and rapid method using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for the simultaneous determination of five macrolides (josamycin, kitasamycin, mirosamicin, spiramycin and tylosin) in meat has been developed. The drugs were extracted with 0.3% metaphosphoric acid-methanol (7:3, v/v), and the extracts were cleaned up on a Bond Elut SCX (500 mg) cartridge. The HPLC separation was performed on a Puresil 5C18 column (150 x 4.6 mm I.D.) with a gradient system of 0.025 M phosphate buffer (pH 2.5)-acetonitrile as the mobile phase at a flow-rate of 1.0 ml/min. The drugs were detected at 232 mn for josamycin, kitasamycin, mirosamicin and spiramycin, and 287 mn for tylosin. The calibration graphs were rectilinear from 2.5 to 100 ng for each drug. The recoveries at the level of 1.0 microgram/g were 70.8-90.4%, and detection limits were 0.05 microgram/g for each drug.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Horie
- Saitama Prefectural Institute of Public Health, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Khan SI, Limburg DC, Khan IA, Williamson JS. A New Reversed Phase HPLC Method for the Determination of Spiramycins I, II and III. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1080/10575639808044942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
13
|
Mourier P, Brun A. Study of the metabolism of spiramycin in pig liver. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY. B, BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS 1997; 704:197-205. [PMID: 9518151 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(97)00477-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A major metabolic pathway of spiramycins in pig liver is described. This biochemical reaction involves L-cysteine--a common amino acid present in most animal tissues--which reacts with the aldehyde function of the antibiotic forming a thiazolidine ring. This transformation of spiramycin derivatives drastically increased their polarity. A preliminary HPLC method enabling the quantitation of each metabolite in the range 0.5 microg/g of liver tissue is proposed. Spiramycin S is used as an internal standard while extraction procedures take into account the physico-chemical properties of the thiazolidine moieties. By comparison, previous HPLC methods underestimated the exact amount of antibiotic residues because these metabolites were not extracted from the studied tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Mourier
- Rhône Poulenc Rorer, Centre de Recherche de Vitry Alfortville, Vitry sur Seine, France
| | | |
Collapse
|