1
|
Sunagawa M, Takayama Y, Kato M, Tanaka M, Fukuoka S, Okumo T, Tsukada M, Yamaguchi K. Kampo Formulae for the Treatment of Neuropathic Pain ∼ Especially the Mechanism of Action of Yokukansan ∼. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:705023. [PMID: 34970116 PMCID: PMC8712661 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.705023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Kampo medicine has been practiced as traditional medicine (TM) in Japan. Kampo medicine uses Kampo formulae that are composed of multiple crude drugs to make Kampo formulae. In Japan, Kampo formulae are commonly used instead of or combined with Western medicines. If drug therapy that follows the guidelines for neuropathic pain does not work or cannot be taken due to side effects, various Kampo formulae are considered as the next line of treatment. Since Kampo formulae are composed of two or more kinds of natural crude drugs, and their extracts contain many ingredients with pharmacological effects, one Kampo formula usually has multiple effects. Therefore, when selecting a formula, we consider symptoms other than pain. This review outlines the Kampo formulae that are frequently used for pain treatment and their crude drugs and the basic usage of each component. In recent years, Yokukansan (YKS) has become one of the most used Kampo formulae for pain treatment with an increasing body of baseline research available. We outline the known and possible mechanisms by which YKS exerts its pharmacologic benefits as an example of Kampo formulae's potency and holistic healing properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masataka Sunagawa
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasunori Takayama
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mami Kato
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Midori Tanaka
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seiya Fukuoka
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Okumo
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mana Tsukada
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kojiro Yamaguchi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ali RA, Gandhi AA, Dai L, Weiner J, Estes SK, Yalavarthi S, Gockman K, Sun D, Knight JS. Antineutrophil properties of natural gingerols in models of lupus. JCI Insight 2021; 6:138385. [PMID: 33373329 PMCID: PMC7934838 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.138385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Ginger is known to have antiinflammatory and antioxidative effects and has traditionally been used as an herbal supplement in the treatment of various chronic diseases. Here, we report antineutrophil properties of 6-gingerol, the most abundant bioactive compound of ginger root, in models of lupus and antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). Specifically, we demonstrate that 6-gingerol attenuates neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) release in response to lupus- and APS-relevant stimuli through a mechanism that is at least partially dependent on inhibition of phosphodiesterases. At the same time, administration of 6-gingerol to mice reduces NET release in various models of lupus and APS, while also improving other disease-relevant endpoints, such as autoantibody formation and large-vein thrombosis. In summary, this study is the first to our knowledge to demonstrate a protective role for ginger-derived compounds in the context of lupus. Importantly, it provides a potential mechanism for these effects via phosphodiesterase inhibition and attenuation of neutrophil hyperactivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramadan A Ali
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Alex A Gandhi
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Lipeng Dai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Julia Weiner
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Shanea K Estes
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Srilakshmi Yalavarthi
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Kelsey Gockman
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Duxin Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jason S Knight
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Liu J, Feng W, Peng C. A Song of Ice and Fire: Cold and Hot Properties of Traditional Chinese Medicines. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:598744. [PMID: 33542688 PMCID: PMC7851091 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.598744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The theory of cold and hot properties is the basic theory of traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) and has been successfully applied to combat human diseases for thousands of years. Although the theory of cold and hot is very important to guide the clinical application of TCMs, this ancient theory remains an enigma for a long time. In recent years, more and more researchers have tried to uncover this ancient theory with the help of modern techniques, and the cold and hot properties of a myriad of TCMs have been studied. However, there is no review of cold and hot properties. In this review, we first briefly introduced the basic theories about cold and hot properties, including how to distinguish between the cold and hot properties of TCMs and the classification and treatment of cold and hot syndromes. Then, focusing on the application of cold and hot properties, we take several important TCMs with cold or hot property as examples to summarize their traditional usage, phytochemistry, and pharmacology. In addition, the mechanisms of thermogenesis and antipyretic effect of these important TCMs, which are related to the cold and hot properties, were summarized. At the end of this review, the perspectives on research strategies and research directions of hot and cold properties were also offered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwestern China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Wuwen Feng
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwestern China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwestern China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gräber T, Kluge H, Granica S, Horn G, Kalbitz J, Brandsch C, Breitenstein A, Brütting C, Stangl GI. Agrimonia procera exerts antimicrobial effects, modulates the expression of defensins and cytokines in colonocytes and increases the immune response in lipopolysaccharide-challenged piglets. BMC Vet Res 2018; 14:346. [PMID: 30442133 PMCID: PMC6238359 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-018-1680-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Because antibiotic use in livestock is assumed to contribute to the emerging public health crisis of antibiotic resistance, alternatives are required. Phytogenic additives are extensively studied due to their antibiotic properties. Components of Agrimonia species have been reported as candidate antimicrobials that possess antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. We studied the impact of Agrimonia procera (AP) on the growth of selected strains of gut bacteria, the effect of AP on the mRNA abundance of genes involved in inflammation and bacterial defense in a colon carcinoma cell line, the effect of AP in piglets challenged with lipopolysaccharides, and the effect of AP on the growth performance of healthy piglets. Results The in vitro growth rate of different bacteria strains was negatively affected by AP, especially in Pediococcus pentosaceus and all tested E. coli strains. Stimulation of Caco-2 cells with TNFα resulted in elevated mRNA expression of CXCL1, IL-8 and GPX2. After pretreatment of cells with AP, stimulation of Caco-2 cells with TNFα still resulted in elevated mRNA expression of CXCL1 and IL-8 at all measured points in time. However, mRNA expression in AP-pretreated cells was lower after 6 h and 24 h. In addition, expression of DEFB1 and GPX2 was significantly elevated after TNFα stimulation. In vivo, application of lipopolysaccharides induced significantly increased animal body temperatures. Piglets pretreated with AP prior to lipopolysaccharide application showed a faster and larger increase in body temperature than controls. In addition, piglets pretreated with AP appeared to release more TNFα than controls. In healthy piglets, AP treatment had no impact on growth performance parameters. Fecal dry matter and total plasma antioxidant capacity tended to be higher in piglets treated with AP than in control piglets (P = 0.055 and P = 0.087, respectively). Conclusions AP has antimicrobial effects in vitro and stimulated the expression of proinflammatory cytokines in Caco-2 cells. The additive had no effect on growth in healthy piglets but increased the immune response in LPS-treated animals. In addition, AP appeared to have antioxidative effects in vivo. Therefore, AP merits testing as a future alternative to antibiotics in animal husbandry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Gräber
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Danckelmann-Platz 2, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Holger Kluge
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Danckelmann-Platz 2, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Sebastian Granica
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha St. 1, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Gert Horn
- Exsemine GmbH, Am Wehr 4, 06198, Salzatal, Germany
| | - Jutta Kalbitz
- BioSolutions Halle GmbH, Weinbergweg 22, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Corinna Brandsch
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Danckelmann-Platz 2, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | | | - Christine Brütting
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Danckelmann-Platz 2, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Gabriele I Stangl
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Danckelmann-Platz 2, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Park HY, Choi JW, Park Y, Oh MS, Ha SK. Fermentation enhances the neuroprotective effect of shogaol-enriched ginger extract via an increase in 6-paradol content. J Funct Foods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.11.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
|
6
|
The Immunomodulatory Effects of Nidus Vespae on Human Peripheral Blood Immune Cells In Vitro. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:705308. [PMID: 26339270 PMCID: PMC4539065 DOI: 10.1155/2015/705308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Revised: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Nidus Vespae has been used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) to treat various cancers, but the underlying mechanisms were not yet clarified. This study was to investigate the effect of Nidus Vespae decoction (NVD) on tumor cell viability and immunoregulating functions of human peripheral blood immune cells. The effects on tumor cell viability, peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) proliferation activity, and the tumor cell phagocytosis of monocytes were evaluated by cell counting kit-8. Tumor-killing activity of cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) was analyzed by 51Cr releasing assay. IgG production of B cells and cytokine (TNF-α and IL-6) secretion of monocytes were determined by ELISA method. Data showed that NVD has no significant inhibiting effects on gastric cancer cells growth. Nevertheless, it could obviously promote PBMC proliferation in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. After treatment with NVD, the CTL cytotoxicity against SGC-7901 was significantly greater than control. The TNF-α and IL-6 secretion of monocytes and the IgG production of B cells also increased remarkably. Furthermore, NVD could significantly promote the phagocytosis of monocytes on tumor cells. These results suggest that NVD appears to have an immunoenhancing effect on immune cells, indicating that Nidus Vespae is worth exploring for immunomodulatory effects in tumor treatment.
Collapse
|
7
|
Hosseini A, Mirazi N. Alteration of pentylenetetrazole-induced seizure threshold by chronic administration of ginger (Zingiber officinale) extract in male mice. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2015; 53:752-7. [PMID: 25609148 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2014.942789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Zingiber officinale Roscoe (Zingiberaceae), or ginger, used in traditional Chinese medicine, has antioxidant activity and neuroprotective effects. The effects of this plant on clonic seizure have not yet been studied. OBJECTIVE The present study evaluated the anticonvulsant effect of ginger in a model of clonic seizures induced with pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) in male mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS The anticonvulsant effect of Z. officinale was investigated using i.v. PTZ-induced seizure models in mice. Different doses of the hydroethanolic extract of Z. officinale (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg) were administered intraperitonal (i.p.), daily for 1 week before induction of PTZ. Phenobarbital sodium (30 mg/kg), a reference standard, was also tested for comparison. The effect of ginger on to the appearance of three separate seizure endpoints, e.g., myoclonic, generalized clonic, and tonic extension phase, was recorded. RESULTS Hydroethanolic extract of Z. officinale significantly increased the onset time of myoclonic seizure at doses of 25-100 mg/kg (55.33 ± 1.91 versus 24.47 ± 1.33 mg/kg, p < 0.001) and significantly prevented generalized clonic (74.64 ± 3.52 versus 47.72 ± 2.31 mg/kg, p < 0.001) and increased the threshold for the forelimb tonic extension (102.6 ± 5.39 versus 71.82 ± 7.82 mg/kg, p < 0.01) seizure induced by PTZ compared with the control group. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Based on the results, the hydroethanolic extract of ginger has anticonvulsant effects, possibly through an interaction with inhibitory and excitatory systems, antioxidant mechanisms, and oxidative stress inhibition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdolkarim Hosseini
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Science, Bu-Ali Sina University , Hamedan , Iran
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ahmed ST, Hossain ME, Kim GM, Hwang JA, Ji H, Yang CJ. Effects of resveratrol and essential oils on growth performance, immunity, digestibility and fecal microbial shedding in challenged piglets. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2014; 26:683-90. [PMID: 25049839 PMCID: PMC4093338 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2012.12683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2012] [Revised: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of resveratrol and essential oils from medicinal plants on the growth performance, immunity, digestibility, and fecal microbial shedding of weaned piglets. A total of 48 weaned piglets (8 kg initial weight, 28-d-old) were randomly allotted to four dietary treatments with 3 replications of 4 piglets each. The dietary treatments were NC (negative control; basal diet), PC (positive control; basal diet+0.002% apramycin), T1 (basal diet+0.2% resveratrol), and T2 (basal diet+0.0125% essential oil blend). All piglets were orally challenged with 5 ml culture fluid containing 2.3×108 cfu/ml of Escherichia coli KCTC 2571 and 5.9×108 cfu/ml Salmonella enterica serover Typhimurium. The PC group (p<0.05) showed the highest average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) throughout the experimental period, although feed conversion ratio (FCR) was improved in the T1 group (p>0.05). Serum IgG level was increased in the T1 group, whereas TNF-α levels was reduced in the supplemented groups compared to control (p<0.05). The PC diet improved the dry matter (DM) digestibility, whereas PC and T2 diets improved nitrogen (N) digestibility compared to NC and T1 diets (p<0.05). Fecal Salmonella and E. coli counts were reduced in all treatment groups compared to control (p<0.05). Fecal Lactobacillus spp. count was increased in the T2 group compared to others (p<0.05). Dietary treatments had no significant effect on fecal Bacillus spp. count throughout the entire experimental period. Based on these results, resveratrol showed strong potential as antibiotic alternatives for reversing the adverse effects of weaning stress on growth performance, immunity and microbial environment in E. coli and Salmonella-challenged piglets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S T Ahmed
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Jeonnam 540-742, Korea
| | - M E Hossain
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Jeonnam 540-742, Korea
| | - G M Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Jeonnam 540-742, Korea
| | - J A Hwang
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Jeonnam 540-742, Korea
| | - H Ji
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Jeonnam 540-742, Korea
| | - C J Yang
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Jeonnam 540-742, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Rashidian A, Mehrzadi S, Ghannadi AR, Mahzooni P, Sadr S, Minaiyan M. Protective effect of ginger volatile oil against acetic acid-induced colitis in rats: a light microscopic evaluation. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 12:115-20. [PMID: 24666677 DOI: 10.1016/s2095-4964(14)60011-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ulcerative colitis is a chronically recurrent inflammatory bowel disease of unknown origin. In the present study, the effect of ginger (rhizome of Zingiber officinale Roscoe) volatile oil on a rat model of colitis was evaluated. METHODS Volatile oil of ginger with doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg, prednisolone (4 mg/kg), or vehicle were administered orally to groups of male Wistar rats (n = 6) for 5 d. Animals were randomly divided into 6 groups, each group consisting of 6 rats. Colitis was induced by intracolonic instillation of 2 mL of 4% (v/v) acetic acid solution. All rats were sacrificed 24 h later and the tissue injuries were assessed macroscopically and histopathologically. RESULTS Ginger volatile oil with all doses reduced colon weight/length ratio (P < 0.01) and the effects were similar to the reference drugs. Higher oral doses of volatile oil (200 and 400 mg/kg) reduced ulcer severity (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01), ulcer area (P < 0.01) and ulcer index (P < 0.01). On the other hand, evaluation of microscopic scores showed that the dose of 400 mg/kg of volatile oil was effective to reduce inflammation severity (P < 0.01) and inflammation extent (P < 0.05) compared to the control group. CONCLUSION It is concluded that ginger volatile oil could effectively reduce symptoms of experimental colitis in a dose-dependent manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amir Rashidian
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Mehrzadi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Reza Ghannadi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Parvin Mahzooni
- Department of Clinical Pathology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Samira Sadr
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Minaiyan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hosseini A, Mirazi N. Acute administration of ginger (Zingiber officinale rhizomes) extract on timed intravenous pentylenetetrazol infusion seizure model in mice. Epilepsy Res 2014; 108:411-9. [PMID: 24529324 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2014.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Revised: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Zingiber officinale (Zingiberaceae) or ginger, which is used in traditional medicine has antioxidant activity and neuroprotective effects. The effects of this plant on clonic seizure have not yet been studied. The present study evaluated the anticonvulsant effect of ginger in a model of clonic seizures induced with pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) in male mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS The anticonvulsant effect of Z. officinale was investigated using i.v. PTZ-induced seizure models in mice. Different doses of the hydroethanolic extract of Z. officinale (25, 50, and 100mg/kg) were administered intraperitonal (i.p.), 2 and 24h before induction of PTZ. Phenobarbital sodium (30mg/kg), a reference standard, was also tested for comparison. The effect of ginger on to the appearance of three separate seizure endpoints (myoclonic, generalized clonus and forelimb tonic extension phase) was recorded. RESULTS The results showed that the ginger extract has anticonvulsant effects in all the experimental treatment groups of seizure tested as it significantly increased the seizure threshold. Hydroethanolic extract of Z. officinale significantly increased the onset time of myoclonic seizure at doses of 25-100mg/kg (p<0.001) and significantly prevented generalized clonic (p<0.001) and increased the threshold for the forelimb tonic extension (p<0.01) seizure 2 and 24h before induction of PTZ compared with control group. CONCLUSION Based on the results the hydroethanolic extract of ginger has anticonvulsant effects, possibly through an interaction with inhibitory and excitatory system, antioxidant mechanisms, oxidative stress and calcium channel inhibition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdolkarim Hosseini
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Science, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Naser Mirazi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Science, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Gomar A, Hosseini A, Mirazi N. Memory enhancement by administration of ginger (Zingiber officinale) extract on morphine-induced memory impairment in male rats. JOURNAL OF ACUTE DISEASE 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s2221-6189(14)60047-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
|
12
|
Nduka SO, Okonta MJ, Esimone CO. Effects of Zingiber officinale on the plasma pharmacokinetics and lung penetrations of ciprofloxacin and isoniazid. Am J Ther 2013; 20:507-13. [PMID: 23344089 DOI: 10.1097/mjt.0b013e31820544be] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The study was carried out to determine the effect of ginger on the plasma pharmacokinetics of ciprofloxacin and Isoniazid in a rat model in phase 1. The effects of the herb on the penetration of ciproflacin and Isoniazid into the lung tissues were also determined in phase 2. In phase 1, Albino rats of both sexes (n = 20) were divided into 4 groups of 5 rats per group. Two groups received oral ciprofloxacin (20 mg/kg) and isoniazid (15 mg/kg). Other groups were fed with ginger (5 mg/kg) for 10 days followed by the drug administration on the 11th day. Blood samples were collected from each group at 0-, 0.5-, 1-, 2-, 5-, 8-, 12-, and 24-hour intervals. Plasma concentrations of the drugs were determined by a spectrophotometric method and the pharmacokinetic parameters determined using noncompartmental method as implemented in the winNonlin program. In phase 2, where the effects of the herb on the penetration of the drugs were determined, the concentrations of ciprofloxacin and isoniazid attained in the lung fluid of rats in the presence and absence of the herb were compared after a single oral dose of the drugs used in the same dose range as in phase 1. In the first phase, treatment with ginger significantly increased the area under the concentration-time curve of ciprofloxacin, whereas Vz and Cl were decreased. Ginger significantly decreased the area under the concentration-time curve of isoniazid, whereas Vz and Cl were increased. Ginger enhanced the penetration of ciprofloxacin and Isoniazid into the lung tissues; however, their rates of penetration were delayed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sunday O Nduka
- 1Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Management, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria 2Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Management, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria 3Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Akhtar N, Haqqi TM. Current nutraceuticals in the management of osteoarthritis: a review. Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis 2012; 4:181-207. [PMID: 22850529 DOI: 10.1177/1759720x11436238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a progressive degenerative joint disease that has a major impact on joint function and quality of life. Nutraceuticals and dietary supplements derived from herbs have long been used in traditional medicine and there is considerable evidence that nutraceuticals may play an important role in inflammation and joint destruction in OA. We review the biological effects of some medicinal fruits and herbs - pomegranate, green tea, cat's claw, devil's claw, ginger, Indian olibaum, turmeric and ananas - in an attempt to understand the pivotal molecular targets involved in inflammation and the joint destruction process and to summarize their toxicities and efficacy for OA management. So far there is insufficient reliable evidence on the effectiveness of ginger, turmeric and ananas. Pomegranate and green tea only have preclinical evidence of efficacy due to the lack of clinical data. In vivo and clinical studies are required to understand their targets and efficacy in OA. Limited in vitro and in vivo evidence is available for cat's claw and Indian olibaum. More extensive studies are required before long-term controlled trials of whole cat's claw and Indian olibaum extracts, or isolated active compounds, are carried out in patients with OA to determine their long-term efficacy and safety. Devil's claw has not been rigorously tested to determine its antiarthritic potential in in vitro and in vivo models. There is strong clinical evidence of the effectiveness of devil's claw in pain reduction. However, high-quality clinical trials are needed to determine its effectiveness. No serious side effects have been reported for any fruits and herbs. Overall, these studies identify and support the use of nutraceuticals to provide symptomatic relief to patients with OA and to be used as adjunct therapy for OA management. More high-quality trials are needed to provide definitive answers to questions related to their efficacy and safety for OA prevention and/or treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nahid Akhtar
- Department of Medicine/Rheumatology, MetroHealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Yeh HS, Weng BC, Lien TF. Effects of Chinese traditional herbal medicine complex supplementation on the growth performance, immunity and serum traits of pigs. Anim Sci J 2011; 82:747-52. [PMID: 22111630 DOI: 10.1111/j.1740-0929.2011.00897.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a traditional Chinese herbal medicine complex supplementation on the growth performance, immunity and serological traits of pigs, and the feasibility of its use as a substitute for antibiotics. Thirty-six weaned pigs LYD with average initial body weight of 10 ± 0.55 kg were randomly divided into three treatments with three replicates. These constituted the control, the antibiotics group (chlortetracycline 100 µg/kg, oxytetracycline 100 µg/kg), and 0.3% Chinese herbal medicine complex group (CHM). Experiment results indicated that the CHM group exhibited significantly increased average feed intake and peripheral blood CD3(+)CD8(+) T cell percentage as compared with those of the antibiotics group (P < 0.05). High-density lipoprotein (HDL) level was greater while low-density lipoprotein + very low-density lipoprotein (LDL + VLDL) level was lower in the CHM group than the control group (P < 0.05). The in vitro results indicated that peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) stimulated by Con-A produced a greater interleukin (IL)-6 level in the CHM group and IL-6 level stimulated by lipopolysaccharide was greater than the antibiotics groups (P < 0.05). Above all, this study has indicated that the addition of Chinese traditional herbal complex to pigs' diets has beneficial results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Shuang Yeh
- Department of Animal Science, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Liu X, Zheng J, Zhou H. TLRs as pharmacological targets for plant-derived compounds in infectious and inflammatory diseases. Int Immunopharmacol 2011; 11:1451-6. [PMID: 21586344 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2011.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2011] [Revised: 04/11/2011] [Accepted: 04/30/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are generally involved in host immune responses against microbial invasions. Dysfunction of TLRs is closely related to infectious and inflammatory diseases, for which therapeutic manipulation with TLRs agonists and antagonists represent a promising drug strategy. Medicinal plants were used traditionally for the prevention and treatment of infectious and inflammatory diseases. Active compounds derived from these plants were also found with unique features as TLRs agonists and antagonists. These findings bring about new hopes for the application of these naturally existed TLRs modulators. They also provide evidences encouraging further research work of continued characterization for these compounds, which will become promising drug candidates in TLRs-based therapy in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Lu M, Yuan B, Zeng M, Chen J. Antioxidant capacity and major phenolic compounds of spices commonly consumed in China. Food Res Int 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2010.10.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
17
|
Wang HM, Chen CY, Chen HA, Huang WC, Lin WR, Chen TC, Lin CY, Chien HJ, Lu PL, Lin CM, Chen YH. Zingiber officinale (ginger) compounds have tetracycline-resistance modifying effects against clinical extensively drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. Phytother Res 2010; 24:1825-30. [PMID: 20564496 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.3201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Extensively drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (XDRAB) is a growing and serious nosocomial infection worldwide, such that developing new agents against it is critical. The antimicrobial activities of the rhizomes from Zingiber officinale, known as ginger, have not been proven in clinical bacterial isolates with extensive drug-resistance. This study aimed to investigate the effects of four known components of ginger, [6]-dehydrogingerdione, [10]-gingerol, [6]-shogaol and [6]-gingerol, against clinical XDRAB. All these compounds showed antibacterial effects against XDRAB. Combined with tetracycline, they showed good resistance modifying effects to modulate tetracycline resistance. Using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging method, these four ginger compounds demonstrated antioxidant properties, which were inhibited by MnO₂, an oxidant without antibacterial effects. After the antioxidant property was blocked, their antimicrobial effects were abolished significantly. These results indicate that ginger compounds have antioxidant effects that partially contribute to their antimicrobial activity and are candidates for use in the treatment of infections with XDRAB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Min Wang
- Department of Fragrance and Cosmetic Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100, Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Sforcin JM, Amaral JT, Fernandes A, Sousa JPB, Bastos JK. Lemongrass effects on IL-1beta and IL-6 production by macrophages. Nat Prod Res 2009; 23:1151-9. [PMID: 19662581 DOI: 10.1080/14786410902800681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Cymbopogon citratus has been widely recognised for its ethnobotanical and medicinal usefulness. Its insecticidal, antimicrobial and therapeutic properties have been reported, but little is known about its effect on the immune system. This work aimed to investigate the in vivo effect of a water extract of lemongrass on pro-inflammatory cytokine (IL-1beta and IL-6) production by macrophages of BALB/c mice. The action of lemongrass essential oil on cytokine production by macrophages was also analysed in vitro. The chemical composition of the extract and the oil was also investigated. Treatment of mice with water extract of lemongrass inhibited macrophages to produce IL-1beta but induced IL-6 production by these cells. Lemongrass essential oil inhibited the cytokine production in vitro. Linalool oxide and epoxy-linalool oxide were found to be the major components of lemongrass water extract, and neral and geranial were the major compounds of its essential oil. Taken together, these data suggest an anti-inflammatory action of this natural product.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J M Sforcin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Biosciences Institute, UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Park SJ, Lee MY, Son BS, Youn HS. TBK1-targeted suppression of TRIF-dependent signaling pathway of Toll-like receptors by 6-shogaol, an active component of ginger. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2009; 73:1474-8. [PMID: 19584560 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.80738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are primary sensors that detect a wide variety of microbial components involving induction of innate immune responses. After recognition of microbial components, TLRs trigger the activation of myeloid differential factor 88 (MyD88) and Toll-interleukin-1 (IL-1) receptor domain-containing adapter inducing interferon-beta (TRIF)-dependent downstream signaling pathways. 6-Shoagol, an active ingredient of ginger, inhibits the MyD88-dependent signaling pathway by inhibiting inhibitor-kappaB kinase activity. Inhibitor-kappaB kinase is a key kinase in nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) activation. However, it is not known whether 6-shogaol inhibits the TRIF-dependent signaling pathway. Our goal was to identify the molecular target of 6-shogaol in the TRIF-dependent pathway of TLRs. 6-Shogaol inhibited the activation of interferon-regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and by polyriboinosinic polyribocytidylic acid (poly[I:C]), overexpression of TRIF, TANK-binding kinase1 (TBK1), and IRF3. Furthermore, 6-shogaol inhibited TBK1 activity in vitro. Together, these results suggest that 6-shogaol inhibits the TRIF-dependent signaling pathway of TLRs by targeting TBK1, and, they imply that 6-shogaol can modulate TLR-derived immune/inflammatory target gene expression induced by microbial infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Se-Jeong Park
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan-Si, Chungnam, Korea
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Chen BH, Wu PY, Chen KM, Fu TF, Wang HM, Chen CY. Antiallergic potential on RBL-2H3 cells of some phenolic constituents of Zingiber officinale (ginger). JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2009; 72:950-3. [PMID: 19271742 DOI: 10.1021/np800555y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In the present study on five pure phenolic compounds (1-5) isolated from the rhizomes of Zingiber officinale (ginger) and investigated for their antiallergic potency, rat basophilic leukemia (RBL-2H3) cells were incubated with these compounds and the release of beta-hexosaminidase was measured kinetically. The data obtained suggest that ginger rhizomes harbor potent compounds capable of inhibiting allergic reactions and may be useful for the treatment and prevention of allergic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Hung Chen
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Rout K, Mishra S. Efficient and sensitive method for quantitative analysis of 6-gingerol in marketed Ayurvedic formulation. JPC-J PLANAR CHROMAT 2009. [DOI: 10.1556/jpc.22.2009.2.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
22
|
Ahn SI, Lee JK, Youn HS. Inhibition of homodimerization of toll-like receptor 4 by 6-shogaol. Mol Cells 2009; 27:211-5. [PMID: 19277504 DOI: 10.1007/s10059-009-0026-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2008] [Revised: 11/30/2008] [Accepted: 12/01/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a critical role in sensing microbial components and inducing innate immune and inflammatory responses by recognizing invading microbial pathogens. Lipopolysaccharide-induced dimerization of TLR4 is required for the activation of downstream signaling pathways including nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB). Therefore, TLR4 dimerization may be an early regulatory event in activating ligand-induced signaling pathways and induction of subsequent immune responses. Here, we report biochemical evidence that 6-shogaol, the most bioactive component of ginger, inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced dimerization of TLR4 resulting in the inhibition of NF-kappaB activation and the expression of cyclooxygenase-2. Furthermore, we demonstrate that 6-shogaol can directly inhibit TLR-mediated signaling pathways at the receptor level. These results suggest that 6-shogaol can modulate TLR-mediated inflammatory responses, which may influence the risk of chronic inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Il Ahn
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, 336-745, Korea
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Lantz RC, Chen GJ, Sarihan M, Sólyom AM, Jolad SD, Timmermann BN. The effect of extracts from ginger rhizome on inflammatory mediator production. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2007; 14:123-8. [PMID: 16709450 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2006.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Compounds from rhizomes of Zingiber officinale, commonly called ginger, have been purported to have anti-inflammatory actions. We have used an in vitro test system to test the anti-inflammatory activity of compounds isolated from ginger rhizome. U937 cells were differentiated and exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Escherichia coli (1 microg/ml) in the presence or absence of organic extracts or standard compounds found in ginger (6-, 8-, 10-gingerol or 6-shogaol) for 24 h. Supernatants were collected and analyzed for the production of prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) by standard ELISA assays. Predominant compounds in the organic extracts were identified as 6-, 8- 10-gingerols and 6-, 8-, 10-shogaols. Organic extracts or standards containing gingerols were not cytotoxic, while extracts or standards containing predominantly shogaols were cytotoxic at concentrations above 20 microg/ml. Crude organic extracts of ginger were capable of inhibiting LPS induced PGE(2) (IC(50)<0.1 microg/ml) production. However, extracts were not nearly as effective at inhibiting TNF-alpha (IC(50)>30 microg/ml). Thirty three fractions and subfractions, prepared by column chromatography, were analyzed for bioactivity. Extracts containing either predominantly gingerols or shogaols (identified by HPLC) were both highly active at inhibiting LPS-induced PGE(2) production (IC(50)<0.1 microg/ml), while extracts that contained unknown compounds were less effective (IC(50)<3.2 microg/ml). Extracts or standards containing predominantly gingerols were capable of inhibiting LPS-induced COX-2 expression while shogaol containing extracts had no effect on COX-2 expression. These data demonstrate that compounds found in ginger are capable of inhibiting PGE(2) production and that the compounds may act at several sites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R C Lantz
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Arizona, P.O. Box 245044, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Effect of two plant extracts and Lactobacillus fermentum on colonization of gastrointestinal tract by Salmonella enterica var. Düsseldorf in chicks. Biologia (Bratisl) 2006. [DOI: 10.2478/s11756-006-0156-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
25
|
Dib JG, El-Saddik RA. Ginger for Nausea and Vomiting in Pregnancy. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY PRACTICE AND RESEARCH 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/jppr2004344305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
26
|
Hsu HY, Yang JJ, Lian SL, Ho YH, Lin CC. Recovery of the hematopoietic system by Si-Jun-Zi-Tang in whole body irradiated mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 1996; 54:69-75. [PMID: 8953420 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-8741(96)01450-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The herbal formulation Si-Jun-Zi-Tang reduced the decrease of leukocytes, erythrocytes, thrombocytes and hematocrit in irradiated mice. In general, its protection was more effective in leukocytes and thrombocytes than other hematocytes. Protection of bone marrow stem cells by Si-Jun-Zi-Tang was markedly enhanced by increased radiotolerance under the dose ranging from 0 to 5 Gy. This increased radiotolerance led to a prolonged shoulder in the survival curve but did not influence the D0 value. Si-Jun-Zi-Tang exerted a beneficial effect on clinical syndromes such as anemia. From the results in this study, we concluded preliminarily that the most effective concentration with least toxicity was about 20 mg/20 g body weight. At this dose, levels of leukocytes as well as thrombocytes were enhanced significantly after chi-irradiation. Elevation of erythrocytes and hematocrits could also be found but was not significant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Y Hsu
- School of Technology for Medical Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical College, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|