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Chang YT, Shu CL, Lai JY, Lin CY, Chuu CP, Morishita K, Ichikawa T, Jessberger R, Fukui Y. SWAP-70 contributes to spontaneous transformation of mouse embryo fibroblasts. Exp Cell Res 2016; 345:150-7. [PMID: 26103139 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2015.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2015] [Revised: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEFs) grow slowly after cultivation from animals, however, after an extended period of cultivation, their growth accelerates. We found that SWAP-70 deficient MEFs failed to increase growth rates. They maintain normal growth rates and proliferation cycles for at least 5 years. Complementing SWAP-70 deficiency in one of these MEF clones, MEF1F2, by expressing human SWAP-70 resulted in fast growth of the cells after further cultivation for a long period. The resulting cells show a transformation phenotype, since they grow on top of each other and do not show contact inhibition. This phenotype was reverted when sanguinarine, a putative SWAP-70 inhibitor, was added. Two SWAP-70 expressing clones were examined in detail. Even after cell density became very high their cdc2 and NFκB were still activated suggesting that they do not stop growing. One of the clones formed colonies in soft agar and formed tumors in nude mice. Lately, one more clone became transformed being able to make colonies in soft agar. We maintain 4 human SWAP-70 expressing MEF1F2 cell lines. Three out of 4 clones exhibited transforming phenotypes. The mouse SWAP-70 gene also promoted transformation of MEFs. Taken together our data suggest that SWAP-70 is not a typical oncogene, but is required for spontaneous transformation of MEFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Tzu Chang
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine National Health Research Institute, Zhunan Town 35053, Miaoli County, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chung-Li Shu
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine National Health Research Institute, Zhunan Town 35053, Miaoli County, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jing-Yang Lai
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine National Health Research Institute, Zhunan Town 35053, Miaoli County, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ching-Yu Lin
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine National Health Research Institute, Zhunan Town 35053, Miaoli County, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chih-Pin Chuu
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine National Health Research Institute, Zhunan Town 35053, Miaoli County, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Kazuhiro Morishita
- Division of Tumor and Cellular Biochemistry Department of Medical Sciences Faculty of Medicine University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki-shi, Miyazaki 889-1692 Japan
| | - Tomonaga Ichikawa
- Division of Tumor and Cellular Biochemistry Department of Medical Sciences Faculty of Medicine University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki-shi, Miyazaki 889-1692 Japan
| | - Rolf Jessberger
- Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Yasuhisa Fukui
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine National Health Research Institute, Zhunan Town 35053, Miaoli County, Taiwan, ROC.
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Abstract
The field of cellular senescence (cytogerontology) is reviewed. The historical precedence for investigation in this field is summarized, and placed in the context of more recent studies of the regulation of cellular proliferation and differentiation. The now-classical embryonic lung fibroblast model is compared to models utilizing other cell types as well as cells from donors of different ages and phenotypes. Modulation of cellular senescence by growth factors, hormones, and genetic manipulation is contrasted, but newer studies in oncogene involvement are omitted. A current consensus would include the view that the life span of normal diploid cells in culture is limited, is under genetic control, and is capable of being modified. Finally, embryonic cells aging in vitro share certain characteristics with early passage cells derived from donors of increasing age.
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