Analysis of miconazole and econazole in pharmaceutical formulations by derivative UV spectroscopy and liquid chromatography (HPLC)

Coupling of Physical and Chromatographic Separation for Analyzing Cream Containing Miconazole, Mometasone Furoate and Gentamicin Sulphate

High-performance liquid chromatographic method was developed, validated and applied for miconazole, mometasone and gentamicin in Momenta® cream. Physical separation was applied using two extraction procedures due to different solubility of the three components. First, a methanolic extract of the cream contained miconazole and mometasone was chromatographed on ODS-3 Inertsil C18 column (150 × 4.6, 5 μm) using acetonitrile: water (80:20, v/v) as a mobile phase, flow rate 1.5 mL·min-1, scanned at 230 nm, showing tR 2.817 and 6.808 min for mometasone and miconazole, respectively. Second, an aqueous extract of the cream containing gentamicin was derivatized with o-phthalaldehyde in order to enhance the gentamicin UV detection and subjected to ion pairing chromatography on Inertsil ODS-3 C18 column (150 × 4.6, 5 μm), using methanol: 0.025 M heptane sulphonic acid: glacial acetic acid (75:20:5, by volume) as a mobile phase, flow rate 0.8 mL·min-1, scanned at 330 nm where the three active gentamicin isomers were separated at tR 11.7, 15.6 and 18.3 min. Suitability of this method for quantitative estimation of the drugs was proved by validation according to ICH guidelines. The method was selective, precise and accurate so could be used for analysis of cream formulation in QC labs.

RP-HPLC-UV Detection Method for the Simultaneous Determinat ion of Econazole Nitrate, Triamcinolone Acetonide and Benzoic Acid in Ternary Mixture

Background:

Econazole nitrate and triamcinolone acetonide are one of the topical antifungal corticosteroid fixed combinations. Although this combination has been literately investigated, yet their ternary mixture with benzoic acid as preservative lack of a simple method for its determination.

Objective:

The objective of this work is to present simple, accurate, precise and low cost reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RP-LC) method for the separation and determination of econazole nitrate, triamcinolone acetonide and benzoic acid in a ternary mixture.

Methods:

Separation was conducted on Mediterranea C18 (150mm x 4.6mm, 5μm) column using methanol: 50 mM potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer (pH 2.60±1), (70:30, v/v) as a mobile phase at ambient temperature. Isocratic flow rate at 1 ml/min was used and UV detection was carried out at 230 nm. The Linearity, accuracy and precision of the developed method investigated as per ICH guidelines.

Results:

Good separation of two drugs, benzoic acid as preservative and excipients of dosage form was achieved with acceptable retention times (< 8 min). Validation parameters tested including linearity, accuracy and precision were found to be satisfactory over the concentration range (10-200 µg/ml) for econazole nitrate, (1-20 µg/ml) for triamcinolone acetonide and (2-40 μg/ml) for benzoic acid.

Conclusion:

The proposed method showed good separation and demonstrated adequate specificity, robustness and accuracy for the quantification of the tested drugs in laboratory prepared mixtures and in pharmaceutical preparations.

The determination of Miconazole and its related production impurities together with basic solution stability studies using a sub 2 μm chromatographic column

A selective and sensitive method for the analysis of Miconazole and its associated impurities is developed. The separation is carried out using a Thermo Scientific Hypersil Gold C18 Column (50 mm x 4.6 mm i.d., 1.9 µm particle size) with a mobile phase of acetonitrile-methanol-ammonium acetate (1.5 w/v) (30:32:38 v/v) at a flow rate of 2.5 mL/min and UV detection at 235 nm. The method is validated according to ICH guidelines with respect to precision, accuracy, linearity, specificity, robustness, and limits of detection and quantification. All parameters examined are found to be well within the stated guidelines. Naturally aged samples are also tested to determine sample stability. A profile of sample and impurity breakdown was presented. The analysis time was more than halved from just under 20 min (the current European Pharmacopeia Method) to under 8 min (developed method) and the method is applicable for assay and related substance determination.

Preparation and solid-state characterization of inclusion complexes formed between miconazole and methyl-beta-cyclodextrin

The aim of this study is to confirm the formation of inclusion complexes between miconazole (MCZ) and two derivatives of beta-cyclodextrin, methyl-beta-cyclodextrin (MbetaCD) and 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HPbetaCD) in aqueous solution by phase solubility studies. Inclusion complexes with MbetaCD in the solid state were then prepared by different methods, i.e., kneading, coevaporation (COE), spray-drying (SD), and lyophilization (LPh). The physicochemical properties of these complexes were subsequently studied by means of differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction techniques. Phase solubility diagrams with MbetaCD and HPbetaCD were classified as A(P) type, indicating the formation of 1:1 and 1:2 stoichiometric inclusion complexes. The apparent stability constants (K(S)) calculated from the phase solubility diagram were 145.69 M(-1) (K(1:1)) and 11.11 M(-1) (K(1:2)) for MbetaCD and 126.94 M(-1) (K(1:1)) and 2.20 M(-1) (K(1:2)) for HPbetaCD. The method of preparation of the inclusion complexes in the solid state was shown to greatly affect the properties of the formed complex. Hence, the LPh, SD, and COE methods produce true inclusion complexes between MCZ and MbetaCD. In contrast, crystalline drug was still clearly detectable in the kneaded (KN) product.

HPLC determination of imidazole antimycotis in antidandruff cosmetic products

A simple HPLC method for the determination of imidazole antimycotics in cosmetic antidandruff formulations has been developed. HPLC was carried out on a Discovery RP-Amide C16 column and spectrophotometric detection was performed at 220 nm. The initial mobile phase was a mixture of acetonitrile and aqueous 10(-3) M NaClO4 (pH 3.0) in the ratio of 15:85 (v/v); then a linear gradient up to 46% acetonitrile in 70 min, and up to 50% in 80 min. The extraction procedure has been validated by analyzing samples of shampoo and lotion spiked with 1% of the active principles. The recoveries were greater than 95% and the reproducibility was within 3%.

Simultaneous determination of metronidazole and miconazole in pharmaceutical dosage forms by RP-HPLC

A reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method with UV detection is described for the simultaneous determination of metronidazole and miconazole in pharmaceutical dosage forms. Chromatography was carried out on a C18 reversed-phase column, using a mixture of methanol-water (40+60, v/v) as a mobile phase, at a flow rate of 1.0 ml min(-1). Sulfamethoxazole was used as an internal standard and detection was performed using a diode array detector at 254 nm. The method produced linear responses in the concentration ranges 10-70 and 1-20 microg ml(-1) with detection limits 0.33 and 0.27 microg ml(-1) for metronidazole and micanozole, respectively. This procedure was found to be convenient and reproducible for analysis of these drugs in ovule dosage forms.

Determination of miconazole in pharmaceutical creams using internal standard and second derivative spectrophotometry

A simple method is proposed for miconazole determination in pharmaceutical creams, based on extraction and second derivative spectrophotometry. In the presence of sodium lauryl sulfate (0.5%) and sulphuric acid (0.4 mol l(-1)), the miconazole and internal standard (IS) (methylene blue) were extracted to 100 microl of methylene chloride. The organic phase was evaporated in the nitrogen stream and the dry residue was dissolved in methanol (1.5 ml). The analytical signal was obtained as the ratio between second derivative absorbances measured at 236.9 nm (miconazole) and at 663.2 nm (IS). The use of IS in such multi-stage procedure enabled quite good analytical performance in calibration range 50.0 400 mg l(-1): linear correlation coefficient 0.9995, precision (measured as CV for ten replicates) at 50.0 mg l(-1) and at 400 mg l(-1) of miconazole was 1.5 and 0.5% respectively. Four commercial pharmaceutical creams were analyzed and the results obtained were in good agreement with the results obtained by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).

Determination of imidazole antimycotics in creams by supercritical fluid extraction and derivative UV spectroscopy

A supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) method was developed for the isolation of imidazole antimycotic drugs (miconazole, econazole, clotrimazole and bifonazole) from cream preparations. The SFE process involved static (1 min) and dynamic (4 min) extraction steps using pure and 10% methanol modified carbon dioxide. The SFE step was then followed by derivative UV spectrophotometric analysis. The method proved to be suitable for quality control assays of the examined antimycotics in commercial cream formulations.

Analysis of pharmaceutical creams: a useful approach based on solid-phase extraction (SPE) and UV spectrophotometry

Solid-phase extraction (SPE) using C-18, diol and ion-exchange sorbents followed by UV spectrophotometric (conventional and derivative mode) assay was applied to the analysis of basic, acidic and neutral drugs commercially available in creams. A representative set of drugs (promethazine, chlorhexidine, benzydamine, ketoprofen, ibuprofen, fentiazac, piroxicam, fluorouracil, crotamiton and hydrocortisone acetate) was selected, and for each drug the appropriate SPE conditions (adsorption, washing and elution) were investigated to obtain a practical and reliable sample clean-up. It was shown that the developed SPE procedures were capable of removing interfering cream components (excipients including preservatives) allowing accurate spectrophotometric analyses to be performed. In some applications, derivative spectrophotometry was advantageous over the conventional absorption mode with respect to higher selectivity and versatility.

HPLC analysis of imidazole antimycotic drugs in pharmaceutical formulations

Reversed-phase HPLC on different column packing materials (Hypersil C-18, Spherisorb-CN, Chromspher-B) is used to obtain selective separations of imidazole antimycotic drugs, such as ketoconazole, clotrimazole, tioconazole, bifonazole, isoconazole, econazole, miconazole and fenticonazole. The use of a post-column on-line photochemical reactor is shown to be useful for the enhancement of the sensitivity of the HPLC analysis with UV detection. The proposed HPLC methods are applied to the analysis of commercial dosage forms (creams) with solid-phase extraction (SPE) procedure, using a diol sorbent, being found to be a convenient technique for the sample preparation giving quantitative drug recovery.

Determination of sertaconazole nitrate, a new imidazole antifungal, by high-performance liquid chromatography

A high-performance liquid chromatographic method is developed for the determination of bulk sertaconazole nitrate and related compounds (potential impurities and degradation products) as well as a sertaconazole nitrate cream formulation. A 10-microns Spherisorb CN column is used along with a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and aqueous 0.01 M sodium phosphate (37:63, v/v). The sertaconazole nitrate peak is monitored at a wavelength of 260 nm; the retention time being 19.3 min. The detector response for sertaconazole nitrate is linear over the concentration range from 64 to 96 micrograms ml-1. The method is found to be sufficiently selective for the reliable determination of related compounds, FI-7001, FI-7009 and FI-7011, as indicated by same-day and between-day relative standard deviations (RSD) for replicate assays of 1.72% (n = 9) and 2.17% (n = 24), respectively. The application of this method to a cream formulation of sertaconazole nitrate is found to give a mean percentage recovery of 99.4% with RSD of 1.14% (n = 9); none of the cream vehicle peaks are found to interfere with the determination of sertaconazole nitrate.