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Yola ML, Atar N. Simultaneous determination of β-agonists on hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets/multi-walled carbon nanotubes nanocomposite modified glassy carbon electrode. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2018; 96:669-676. [PMID: 30606580 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
β-Agonists are illegally consumed in various products such as food and animal and effect the nutrition distribution owing to change of body fat. In addition, they result in acute poisoning and several symptoms such as muscular tremors and nervousness. A new electrochemical approach based on two-dimensional hexagonal boron nitride (2D-hBN) nanosheets decorated functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (f-MWCNTs) was presented for simultaneous determination of β-agonists such as phenylethanolamine A (PEA), clenbuterol (CLE), ractopamine (RAC) and salbutamol (SAL) in urine samples. X-ray diffraction (XRD) method, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope (SEM), cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were used characterizations of nanomaterials. After that, 2D-hBN/f-MWCNTs nanocomposite modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was prepared for simultaneous determination of β-agonists. 1.0 × 10-12-1.0 × 10-8 M and 1.0 × 10-13 M were founded as the linearity range and the detection limit (LOD) for PEA, CLE, RAC and SAL. Finally, the prepared electrochemical sensor was used for urine sample analysis in presence of ascorbic acid (AA) and uric acid (UA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Lütfi Yola
- Iskenderun Technical University, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hatay, Turkey
| | - Necip Atar
- Pamukkale University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Denizli, Turkey.
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2
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Antal I, Koneracka M, Zavisova V, Kubovcikova M, Kormosh Z, Kopcansky P. Statins Determination: A Review of Electrochemical Techniques. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2017; 47:474-489. [DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2017.1332973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I. Antal
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovakia
- Lesya Ukrainka Eastern European National University, Lutsk, Ukraine
| | - M. Koneracka
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovakia
| | - V. Zavisova
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovakia
| | - M. Kubovcikova
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Zh. Kormosh
- Lesya Ukrainka Eastern European National University, Lutsk, Ukraine
| | - P. Kopcansky
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovakia
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Lv CZ, Xun Y, Cao Z, Xie JL, Li D, Liu G, Yu L, Feng ZM, Yin YL, Tan SZ. Sensitive Determination of Toxic Clenbuterol in Pig Meat and Pig Liver Based on a Carbon Nanopolymer Composite. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-017-0796-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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4
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Wong CS, Chen YD, Chang JL, Zen JM. Biomolecule-free, selective detection of clenbuterol based on disposable screen-printed carbon electrode. Electrochem commun 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2015.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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5
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Nardiello D, Palermo C, Natale A, Quinto M, Centonze D. Pulsed amperometric detection at glassy carbon electrodes: A new waveform for sensitive and reproducible determination of electroactive compounds. Anal Chim Acta 2015; 894:1-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.05.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2015] [Revised: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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6
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Rabieh S, Koushanpour A, Tajabadi F. Green and Straightforward Modification of Graphite Electrode via In Situ Synthesis of Graphene Nanosheets for Quantifying Prazosin Hydrochloride in Urine Samples and Pharmaceutical Formulations. ELECTROANAL 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201500157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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7
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Gholivand MB, Mohammadi-Behzad L, Paimard G, Gholivand K, Ebrahimi Valmoozi AA. Electrochemical characterization of some bisphosphoramidates spiked carbon paste electrodes and their applications in DNA sensing. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2015.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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8
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Lee S, Piao Y. Voltammetric Determination of Clenbuterol on Electrochemically Activated Glassy Carbon Electrode. JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY 2014. [DOI: 10.5229/jkes.2014.17.4.216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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9
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Sensitive voltammetric sensor based on isopropanol-Nafion-PSS-GR nanocomposite modified glassy carbon electrode for determination of clenbuterol in pork. Food Chem 2014; 164:113-8. [PMID: 24996313 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.04.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 04/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) (PSS) functionalized graphene (GR) was synthesised via a simple one-step chemical reduction of exfoliated graphite oxides in the presence of PSS. Characterisation of as-made nanocomposite using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and ultraviolet and visible spectroscopy (UV-vis) clearly demonstrate the successful attachment of PSS to graphene sheets. A novel clenbuterol (CLB) electrochemical sensor was fabricated based on isopropanol-Nafion-PSS-GR composite film modified glassy carbon electrode. In the Britton-Robinson buffer (pH 1.2), the sensor exhibited superior electrocatalytic activity towards the oxidation of CLB. Applying linear sweep voltammetry, a good linear relationship of the oxidation peak current with respect to concentrations of CLB cross the range of 7.5 × 10(-8)-2.5 × 10(-5)mol L(-1) and a detection limit of 2.2 × 10(-8) mol L(-1) were achieved. The proposed method was successfully applied for the determination of CLB in pork.
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Electrochemical oxidation mechanism of ambroxol and its voltammetric determination in the presence of dodecyl sulfate. Electrochim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2013.10.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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11
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Nafion® modified-screen printed gold electrodes and their carbon nanostructuration for electrochemical sensors applications. Talanta 2013; 107:376-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2013.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2012] [Revised: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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12
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Lai Y, Bai J, Zhu W, Xian Y, Jin L. Electrochemical Determination of Phenylethanolamine A Based on Nafion/MWCNTs/AuNPs Modified Carbon Electrode. CHINESE J CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201200805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Li S, Zhang J, Deng W, Shen X, Song S, Fan C. A Highly Sensitive Amperometric Immunosensor for Clenbuterol Detection in Livestock Urine. ELECTROANAL 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201200166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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14
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References. Anal Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1201/b11478-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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15
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Eskiköy D, Durmuş Z, Kiliç E. Electrochemical oxidation of atorvastatin and its adsorptive stripping determination in pharmaceutical dosage forms and biological fluids. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1135/cccc2011117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Electrochemical behavior of atorvastatin (AT) and optimum conditions to its quantitative determination were investigated using voltammetric methods. Some electrochemical parameters such as diffusion coefficient, surface coverage of adsorbed molecules, electron transfer coefficient, standard rate constant and number of electrons were calculated using the results of cyclic voltammetry. A tentative mechanism for the oxidation for AT has been suggested. The oxidation signal of AT molecule was used to develop fully validated, new, rapid, selective and simple square-wave anodic adsorptive stripping voltammetric (AdsSWV) and differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetric (AdsDPV) methods to direct determination of AT in pharmaceutical dosage forms and biological samples. For the AdsDPV and AdsSWV techniques, linear working ranges were found to be 1.0 × 10–7–5.0 × 10–6and 3.0 × 10–7–5.0 × 10–6mol l–1, respectively. The detection limits obtained from AdsDPV and AdsSWV were calculated to be 6.55 × 10–8and 1.53 × 10–7mol l–1, respectively. The methods were successfully applied to assay the drug in tablets, human blood serum and human urine.
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Zhao C, Jin GP, Chen LL, Li Y, Yu B. Preparation of molecular imprinted film based on chitosan/nafion/nano-silver/poly quercetin for clenbuterol sensing. Food Chem 2011; 129:595-600. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.04.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2010] [Revised: 01/11/2011] [Accepted: 04/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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17
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Atta NF, Galal A, Azab SM. Determination of morphine at gold nanoparticles/Nafion® carbon paste modified sensor electrode. Analyst 2011; 136:4682-91. [PMID: 21879032 DOI: 10.1039/c1an15423k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel and effective electrochemical sensor for the determination of morphine (MO) in 0.04 mol L(-1) universal buffer solution (pH 7.4) is introduced using gold nanoparticles electrodeposited on a Nafion modified carbon paste electrode. The effect of various experimental parameters including pH, scan rate and accumulation time on the voltammetric response of MO was investigated. At the optimum conditions, the concentration of MO was determined using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) in a linear range of 2.0 × 10(-7) to 2.6 × 10(-4) mol L(-1) with a correlation coefficient of 0.999, and a detection limit of 13.3 × 10(-10) mol L(-1), respectively. The effect of common interferences on the current response of morphine namely ascorbic acid (AA) and uric acid (UA) is studied. The modified electrode can be used for the determination of MO spiked into urine samples, and excellent recovery results were obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada F Atta
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
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Atta NF, Galal A, Abu-Attia FM, Azab SM. Simultaneous determination of paracetamol and neurotransmitters in biological fluids using a carbon paste sensor modified with gold nanoparticles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1jm11795e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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19
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Liu L, Pan H, Du M, Xie W, Wang J. Glassy carbon electrode modified with Nafion–Au colloids for clenbuterol electroanalysis. Electrochim Acta 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2010.06.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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20
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Shen L, Li Z, He P. Electrochemical behavior of β2-agonists at graphite nanosheet modified electrodes. Electrochem commun 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2010.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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21
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Electrochemical evaluation and determination of antiretroviral drug fosamprenavir using boron-doped diamond and glassy carbon electrodes. Anal Bioanal Chem 2009; 397:189-203. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-009-3334-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2009] [Revised: 11/19/2009] [Accepted: 11/19/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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22
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Guzmán-Vázquez de Prada A, Reviejo AJ, Pingarrón JM. A method for the quantification of low concentration sulfamethazine residues in milk based on molecularly imprinted clean-up and surface preconcentration at a Nafion-modified glassy carbon electrode. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2006; 40:281-6. [PMID: 16239091 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2005.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2005] [Revised: 07/20/2005] [Accepted: 07/20/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
An electrochemical method for the determination of sulfamethazine at a low concentration level (25 microgl(-1)) in milk is reported. The method involves sample clean-up and selective preconcentration of sulfamethazine with a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP), and a further electrode surface preconcentration of the analyte at a Nafion-coated glassy carbon electrode (GCE). Square wave (SW) oxidative voltammetry of accumulated sulfamethazine was employed for its quantification. Sulfamethazine electrode preconcentration was carried out in 0.1 moll(-1) Britton-Robinson buffer of pH 1.5, and by applying 5 min of accumulation at open circuit. A linear calibration graph was obtained for sulfamethazine at the Nafion-modified GCE over the 1.0x10(-8) to 1.0x10(-6)moll(-1) concentration range, with a detection limit of 6.8x10(-9)moll(-1) (1.9 microgl(-1)). This detection limit is remarkably better than those reported previously in the literature using electroanalytical techniques. Although the detection limit achieved was sufficient to allow the direct determination of sulfamethazine at the concentration level required in milk, a sample clean-up was shown to be necessary to obtain analytically useful SW voltammograms. This was accomplished by processing the deproteinized milk through a cartridge containing a molecularly imprinted polymer for sulfamethazine, also allowing a selective preconcentration of the analyte. Elution of the analyte from the MIP cartridges was carried out with 2 ml of a (9:1) MeOH:acetic acid mixture. Determination of sulfamethazine in milk samples was accomplished by interpolation into a calibration graph constructed with sulfamethazine standard solutions which were subjected to the same procedure than the deproteinized milk samples. Results obtained for five samples, spiked at the 25 microgl(-1) level, showed a mean recovery of (100+/-3)%.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Guzmán-Vázquez de Prada
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain
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24
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Pulsed Amperometry for Anti-fouling of Boron-doped Diamond in Electroanalysis of β-Agonists: Application to Flow Injection for Pharmaceutical Analysis. SENSORS 2006. [DOI: 10.3390/s6121837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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25
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Erk N. Differential pulse anodic voltammetric determination of pantoprazole in pharmaceutical dosage forms and human plasma using glassy carbon electrode. Anal Biochem 2003; 323:48-53. [PMID: 14622958 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2003.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Pantoprazole is used as an anti-ulcer drug through inhibition of H(+), K(+)-adenosine 5(')-triphosphatase in gastric parietal cells. It reduces the gastric acid secretion regardless of the nature of stimulation. The use of differential pulse voltammetry for the determination of pantoprazole in pharmaceutical dosage forms and human plasma using a glassy carbon electrode has been examined. The best voltammetric response was reached for a glassy carbon electrode in Britton-Robinson buffer solution of pH 5.0 submitted to a scan rate of 20.0 mVs(-1) and a pulse amplitude of 50.0 mV. This electroanalytical procedure was able to determine pantoprazole in the concentration range 6.0 x 10(-6)-8.0 x 10(-4)M. Precision and accuracy of the developed method was checked with recovery studies. The limit of detection and limit of quantitation were found to be 4.0 x 10(-7) and 9.0 x 10(-7)M, respectively. Rapidity, precision, and good selectivity were also found for the determination of pantoprazole in pharmaceutical dosage forms and human plasma. For comparative purposes high-performance liquid chromatography with a diode array and UV/VIS detection at 290.0 nm determination also was developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nevin Erk
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, 06100 Ankara, Turkey.
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Bazylak G, Nagels LJ. Simultaneous high-throughput determination of clenbuterol, ambroxol and bromhexine in pharmaceutical formulations by HPLC with potentiometric detection. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2003; 32:887-903. [PMID: 12899975 DOI: 10.1016/s0731-7085(03)00191-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Potentiometric detection of clenbuterol, ambroxol and bromhexine in marketed pharmaceuticals was described in six isocratic HPLC systems. The podant- and macrocyclic-type neutral ionophores, N,N,N',N'-tetracyclohexyl-oxybis(o-phenyleneoxy)diacetamide (TOPA) and hexakis(2,3,6-tri-O-octyl)-alpha-cyclodextrin (OCD), were applied in poly(vinyl)chloride (PVC)-based liquid membrane electrodes. Both types of neutral ionophores improve the sensitivity for all mentioned drugs when compared with a tetrakis(p-chlorophenyl)borate (BOR)-based electrode as well as with single wavelength UV detection. Detection limits (S/N=3) of 2.6 x 10(-10) mol l(-1) (injected concentration) for the highly hydrophobic bromhexine were achieved with the TOPA-based electrode and a cyano reversed-phase (RP)-HPLC with Uptisphere UP5CN-25QS silica column (250 x 4.6 mm i.d.) eluted with acetonitrile (AcN)-ethanol-perchloric acid (1.66 mM) (60:2:38, v/v/v) (pH* 2.45). Comparable result was obtained with OCD-based electrodes and an XTerra RP18 hybrid silica-polymer column eluted with AcN-phosphoric acid (20 mM) (25:75, v/v) (pH* 2.60). In the mobile phases containing 60-75% v/v AcN or methanol, stable and reproducible response of both types of neutral ionophore-based electrodes was observed for at least 3 days. The results of the validated procedure for reliable simultaneous determination of the drugs in fortified representative samples of pharmaceuticals were also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Bazylak
- Faculty of Science and Biomedicine, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp RUCA, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium.
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Bazylak G, Nagels LJ. A novel potentiometric approach for detection of beta-adrenergics and beta-adrenolytics in high-performance liquid chromatography. FARMACO (SOCIETA CHIMICA ITALIANA : 1989) 2003; 58:591-603. [PMID: 12875890 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-827x(03)00096-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Potentiometric approach enabling sensitive and reliable detection for a series of 20 autonomic beta-adrenergic ligands with the use of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) based liquid membrane electrode coatings in the normal-bore cation exchange HPLC and narrow-bore reversed phase HPLC system is presented. It was found that in both kinds of HPLC modes with a contemporary hybrid polymer-silica packings an application of electrodes containing a tetrakis(p-chlorophenyl)borate (TCPB) gives limits of detection below to 8.0x10(-7) mol l(-1) (injected concentrations). In case of highly hydrophobic beta-adrenergic drugs the use of binary aqueous mobile phases with high concentrations of acetonitrile (up to 25% v/v) shifting an observable detection limits (DL) down to 2.0x10(-8) mol l(-1), especially for electrodes with addition of trioctylated alpha-cyclodextrin. The characteristics of developed potentiometric detectors was established by proposed a quantitative structure-potentiometric response relationships (QSPRRs) for a series of diversified beta-adrenergic compounds and for a set of the PVC based electrodes using TCPB alone as well as in combination with trioctylated alpha-cyclodextrin, dibenzo-18-crown-6, or calix[6]arene hexaethylester as the neutral macrocycle ionophore. A highly significant QSPRRs equations were obtained leading to reasonable prediction of the DL of specified electrodes in terms of the computationally derived set of molecular descriptors of beta-adrenergics and beta-blocking agents and similar amino alcohol type xenobiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Bazylak
- Department of Drug Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ludwik Rydygier Medical University, Jagiellonska 13, PL-85-067 Bydgoszcz, Poland.
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28
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Macrocycleversus podant-type neutral ionophore in potentiometric detection of mucolytic agents following separation by various HPLC modes. Chromatographia 2003. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02491762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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29
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Bazylak G, Nagels LJ. Potentiometric detection of exogenic beta-adrenergic substances in liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2002; 973:85-96. [PMID: 12437166 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(02)01190-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Potentiometric detection with poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) based liquid membrane electrode coatings is presented for a series of 18 exogenic beta-adrenergic substances in cation-exchange-HPLC and RP-HPLC systems. In both types of HPLC modes employing hybrid polymer-silica packings we observed that use of tetrakis(p-chlorophenyl)borate (TCPB) containing electrodes yielded limits of detection (DL) down to 10(-7)-10(-8) M (injected concentrations). The use of eluents with high concentrations of acetonitrile (up to 55%) yielded detection limits down to 10(-9) M (injected concentrations). A quantitative structure-potentiometric response activity relationship (QSAR) was developed for the set of beta-adrenergic substances and for a set of PVC-based electrodes using TCPB alone or in admixture with trioctylated alpha-cyclodextrin, dibenzo-18-crown-6, or calix[6]arene hexaethylester. A multiple linear regression model based on a computationally derived set of 14 molecular descriptors allowed prediction of the detection limits of beta-adrenergic substances and other amine substances from their molecular structure.
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Amendola L, Colamonici C, Rossi F, Botrè F. Determination of clenbuterol in human urine by GC-MS-MS-MS: confirmation analysis in antidoping control. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2002; 773:7-16. [PMID: 12015265 DOI: 10.1016/s1570-0232(02)00141-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This work presents a GC-MS-MS-MS method for the direct determination of clenbuterol in human urine. The method comprises a pretreatment procedure and the instrumental analysis of the derivatives performed by GC-MS(3) (ion trap) with electron impact ionization. The GC-MS(3) analysis allows isolation and characterization of specific fragments from the original (MS(1)) molecular structure, and in particular, those fragments originating from the precursor ion cluster (m/z=335-337) characteristic of clenbuterol. The MS(2) product fragment m/z=300 is in turn used as a further precursor fragment giving rise to a MS(3) spectrum specific for clenbuterol. MS(4) fragmentation spectra were also investigated. However, further fragmentation of MS(3) product ions does not lead to functional MS(4) spectra nor to any significant increase in the signal-to-noise ratio. The sensitivity limit of the MS(3) technique is lower than 0.2 microg/l, with a linear range between 0.5 and 5 microg/l, thus matching the basic requirements for antidoping analysis according to the guidelines of the International Olympic Committee. Due to its overall analytical performance, the method is presently being evaluated as a confirmation protocol to be followed to detect illicit clenbuterol administration to the athletes, and compared with reference GC-MS and GC-MS-MS techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Amendola
- Laboratorio Antidoping, Federazione Medico Sportiva Italiana, Largo Giulio Onesti 1, 00197, Rome, Italy
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Arranz A, de Betoño SF, Echevarria C, Moreda JM, Cid A, Valentín JF. Voltammetric and spectrophotometric techniques for the determination of the antihypertensive drug Prazosin in urine and formulations. J Pharm Biomed Anal 1999; 21:797-807. [PMID: 10701945 DOI: 10.1016/s0731-7085(99)00194-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive method was developed to determine Prazosin using a nafion modified carbon paste electrode (NMCPE). Prazosin was accumulated at a potential of 750 mV in Britton-Robinson buffer (pH 6.0) and then a negative sweep was made obtaining a cathodic peak close to 0 V. Cyclic voltammetric studies indicated that the process was quasi-reversible, and fundamentally controlled by adsorption. To obtain a good sensitivity, the instrumental and accumulation variables were studied using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). Adsorptive voltammetric peak currents showed a linear response for Prazosin concentrations in the range between 4.0 x 10(-11) and 4.0 x 10(-8) M with two different slopes, and a detection limit (LOD) of 3.1 x 10(-11)M was obtained. The variation coefficient (CV) for a 8.0 x 10(-10) M solution (n = 10) was 4.08%. A spectrophotometric study of Prazosin was also carried out and two absorption bands were obtained at 246 and 329 nm (pH 1.8). The band at 329 nm was pH-dependent and its height and position changed with the pH values, so this allowed the pK'a determination (7.14 +/- 0.20) using different methods. The detection limit reached by means of UV-spectrophotometry was 0.9 x 10(-7) M, and the variation coefficient for 1.5 x 10(-5) M Prazosin solutions was 1.14% (n = 10). Although the sensitivity of the UV-spectrophotometric method was lower than that obtained using adsorptive stripping-differential pulse voltammetry (AdS-DPV), it could be applied to the determination of Prazosin in Minipres tablets. The voltammetric method was used for the determination of the drug in human urine samples at trace levels with good recoveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Arranz
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad del País Vasco EHU, Vitoria, Spain
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Fdez de Betoño S, Arranz Garcia A, Arranz Valentín JF. UV-spectrophotometry and square wave voltammetry at nafion-modified carbon-paste electrode for the determination of doxazosin in urine and formulations. J Pharm Biomed Anal 1999; 20:621-30. [PMID: 10704131 DOI: 10.1016/s0731-7085(98)00251-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
By using several electrochemical techniques, the study of electroanalytical behaviour of antihipertensive Doxazosin at Nafion modified carbon paste electrode (NMCPE) has been carried out. The voltammetric peak is very pH dependent, reaching the maximum i(p) at pH 6.8 (Ep -0.17 V), the reduction process being quasi-reversible and fundamentally controlled by adsorption. A method based on the control of adsorptive preconcentration of the Doxazosin on the NMCPE, before its voltammetric determination, is proposed. The detection limit reached using square wave voltammetry (SWV) as redissolution technique was 2.33x10(-11) M and the variation coefficient at 2x10(-9) M level was 3.54%. A spectrophotometric study of Doxazosin has also been made and two waves at 244 and 329 nm (pH 1.7), were obtained. The wave at 329 nm changes its height and position with the pH, allowing the pKa determination (6.94+/-0.21) using different methods. The obtained detection limit was 0.5x10(-6) M, and the variation coefficient at 1.5x10(-5) M level was 0.99%. The UV spectrophotometric method is sufficiently accurate and precise to be applied in the Carduran tablets assay, while the voltammetric method (AdS-SWV) can in addition be used to determine the drug at trace level in human urine samples with good recoveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Fdez de Betoño
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad del Pais Vasco/EHU, Vitoria, Spain
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Affiliation(s)
- R K Gilpin
- College of Science and Mathematics, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio 45435, USA
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