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Robinson CL, Phung A, Dominguez M, Remotti E, Ricciardelli R, Momah DU, Wahab S, Kim RS, Norman M, Zhang E, Hasoon J, Orhurh V, Viswanath O, Yazdi C, Chen GH, Simopoulos TT, Gill J. Pain Scales: What Are They and What Do They Mean. Curr Pain Headache Rep 2024; 28:11-25. [PMID: 38060102 DOI: 10.1007/s11916-023-01195-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW It is essential to have validated and reliable pain measurement tools that cover a wide range of areas and are tailored to individual patients to ensure effective pain management. The main objective of this review is to provide comprehensive information on commonly used pain scales and questionnaires, including their usefulness, intended purpose, applicability to different patient populations, and associated advantages and disadvantages. RECENT FINDINGS Acute pain questionnaires typically focus on measuring the severity of pain and the extent of relief achieved through interventions. Chronic pain questionnaires evaluate additional aspects such as pain-related functional limitations, psychological distress, and psychological well-being. The selection of an appropriate pain scale depends on the specific assessment objectives. Additionally, each pain scale has its strengths and limitations. Understanding the differences among these pain scales is essential for selecting the most appropriate tool tailored to individual patient needs in different settings. CONCLUSION Medical professionals encounter challenges in accurately assessing pain. Physicians must be familiar with the different pain scales and their applicability to specific patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher L Robinson
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anh Phung
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Moises Dominguez
- Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Edgar Remotti
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ryan Ricciardelli
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - D Uju Momah
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stephanie Wahab
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rosa S Kim
- Department of General Surgery, Georgetown University Hospital, MedStar, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Evan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jamal Hasoon
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, UTHealth McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Vwaire Orhurh
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Susquehanna, Williamsport, PA, USA
- MVM Health, East Stroudsburg, PA, USA
| | - Omar Viswanath
- Department of Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Cyrus Yazdi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Grant H Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, UTHealth McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Thomas T Simopoulos
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jatinder Gill
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Chong DST, Pople M, Hardy TJ, Cowan A, Birchley D, Guy A, McCarthy R, Welchman SA. Mirror Therapy for the Management of Phantom Limb Pain: A Single- Center Experience. Ann Vasc Surg 2023; 95:184-187. [PMID: 37075833 DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2023.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phantom limb pain (PLP) can have devastating consequences, affecting up to 90% of amputees. PLP is associated with analgesia dependence and impaired quality of life. Mirror therapy (MT) is a novel treatment that has been applied in other pain syndromes. We prospectively evaluated MT in the management of PLP. METHODS A prospective study of patients recruited between 2008 and 2020 who underwent unilateral major limb amputation, with a healthy contralateral limb. Participants were invited to attend weekly MT sessions. Pain in the 7 days prior to each MT session was scored on a Visual Analog Scale (VAS: 0-10 mm) and the short form McGill pain questionnaire. RESULTS Ninety eight patients (68 males and 30 females) aged 17-89 years were recruited over 12 years. Forty four percent of patients had amputations due to peripheral vascular disease. Over an average of 2.5 sessions, the final treatment score on the VAS scale was 2.6 (standard deviation ± 3.0) with a reduction of 4.5 points on VAS score. As a comparison using the short form McGill pain questionnaire scoring system, the average final treatment score was 3.2 (± 5.0) with 91% overall improvement. CONCLUSIONS MT is a very powerful and effective intervention for PLP. It is an exciting addition to the armory of vascular surgeons in the management of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maryanne Pople
- Royal Devon University Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK
| | | | - Andrew Cowan
- Royal Devon University Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK
| | - David Birchley
- Royal Devon University Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK
| | - Alison Guy
- Royal Devon University Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK
| | - Robert McCarthy
- Royal Devon University Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK
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Singh SP, Aggarwal R, Malhotra RK, Shekhar V, Singh VP, Bhatnagar S. Development and Validation of Total Pain Scale for Evaluation of Total Pain in Cancer Patients. Indian J Palliat Care 2023; 29:312-323. [PMID: 37700895 PMCID: PMC10493691 DOI: 10.25259/ijpc_256_2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Cancer pain has all the components of total pain such as physical, social, psychological, and spiritual. These components contribute to the overall pain experience in cancer patients. Many instruments have been developed till date to assess the effect of pain in cancer patients but none of the instruments include all components of total pain. In this article, we describe the development and validation of the total pain scale (TPS) for the evaluation of total pain in cancer patients with pain. This study aimed to develop and validate a questionnaire for the evaluation of total pain in cancer patients with pain. Material and Methods This study included a review of existing pain questionnaires for cancer pain for item pool generation. Items were generated in the Hindi language by six stakeholders to create 23 items to develop TPS. TPS was applied to 300 Hindi-speaking cancer patients. Bivariate correlation was used to reduce the number of items as well as construction of the domain followed by factor analysis to finalise TPS. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed for testing the validity and reliability of TPS. Results TPS is an 18-item scale composed of four domains (physical, social, spiritual and psychological domain). The internal consistency of TPS and its subscales was found to be very good (a = 0.84-0.88). CFA and structural equation modeling Goodness of fit has confirmed that model 4 is the best fit as it yielded a lesser root-mean-squared error of approximation value of 0.062 and a greater comparative fit index, Tucker-Lewis index value of 0.944. The convergent and divergent validity of TPS and its domain was good. Conclusion This study reports TPS to be a brief (18-item), valid, and reliable questionnaire in the Hindi language for assessment of all components of total pain in cancer patients with pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suraj Pal Singh
- Department of Oncoanaesthesia and Palliative Medicine, DR. B.R. Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rajeev Aggarwal
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rajeev Kumar Malhotra
- Department of Delhi Cancer Registry, DR. B.R. Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Varun Shekhar
- Department of Oncoanaesthesia and Palliative Medicine, DR. B.R. Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Vikram Partap Singh
- Department of Oncoanaesthesia and Palliative Medicine, DR. B.R. Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sushma Bhatnagar
- Department of Oncoanaesthesia and Palliative Medicine, DR. B.R. Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Pergolizzi J, LeQuang JAK, Coluzzi F, Magnusson P, Lara-Solares A, Varrassi G. Considerations for Pain Assessments in Cancer Patients: A Narrative Review of the Latin American Perspective. Cureus 2023; 15:e40804. [PMID: 37489190 PMCID: PMC10363018 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.40804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer incidence in Latin America is lower than in Europe or the United States but morbidity and mortality rates are disproportionately high. A barrier to adequate pain control is inadequate pain assessment, which is a relatively easy and inexpensive metric. The objective of this narrative review is to describe pain assessment for cancer patients in Latin America. Cultural factors may influence pain perception, including contextualizing pain as noble or natural suffering and aspects of what is now called "spiritual pain." Unlike other painful conditions, cancer pain may be strongly associated with existential fear, psychosocial distress, anxiety, and spiritual concerns. Pain assessment allows not just quantification of pain intensity but may elucidate pain mechanisms involved or psychosocial aspects that may color the pain. Many current pain assessment instruments capture only pain intensity, which is but one aspect of the pain experience; some have expanded to include functional assessments, mental health status evaluations, and quality of life metrics. A quality-of-life assessment may be appropriate for cancer patients since chronic pain can severely impact function, which can in turn create a vicious cycle by exacerbating pain. The incidence of cancer in Latin America is expected to increase in the ensuing years. Better pain assessment and clinician education are needed to help manage pain in this large and growing patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Flaminia Coluzzi
- Medical and Surgical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, ITA
| | | | - Argelia Lara-Solares
- Pain and Palliative Care, National Institute of Medical and Nutritional Sciences, Mexico City, MEX
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Sullivan MJL, Wideman TH, Gauthier N, Thibault P, Ellis T, Adams H. Risk-targeted behavioral activation for the management of work disability associated with comorbid pain and depression: a feasibility study. Pilot Feasibility Stud 2022; 8:90. [PMID: 35461255 PMCID: PMC9034524 DOI: 10.1186/s40814-022-01040-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of the present study was to conduct a preliminary evaluation of the feasibility and impact of a risk-targeted behavioral activation intervention for work-disabled individuals with comorbid pain and depression. Methods The design of the study was a single-arm non-randomized trial. The sample consisted of 66 work-disabled individuals with comorbid pain and depression. The treatment program consisted of a 10-week standardized behavioral activation intervention supplemented by techniques to target two psychosocial risk factors for delayed recovery, namely, catastrophic thinking and perceptions of injustice. Measures of pain severity, depression, catastrophic thinking, perceived injustice, and self-reported disability were completed pre-, mid-, and post-treatment. Satisfaction with treatment was assessed at post-treatment. Return to work was assessed at 6-month follow-up. Results The drop-out rate was 18%. At treatment termination, 91% of participants indicated that they were “very” or “completely” satisfied with their involvement in the treatment program. Significant reductions in pain (Cohen’s d = 0.71), depression (d = 0.86), catastrophic thinking (d = 1.1), and perceived injustice (d = 1.0) were observed through the course of treatment. In multivariate analyses, treatment-related reductions in depression, catastrophic thinking, and perceived injustice, but not pain, contributed significant unique variance to the prediction of return-to-work outcomes. Conclusions Risk-targeted behavioral activation was found to be an acceptable and effective intervention for work-disabled individuals with comorbid pain and depression. The findings suggest that interventions targeting psychosocial risk factors for pain and depression might contribute to more positive recovery outcomes in work-disabled individuals with comorbid pain and depression. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT0517442. Retrospectively registered.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Timothy H Wideman
- School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Nathalie Gauthier
- Clinique de Consultation Conjugale et Familiale Poitras-Wright, Coté, Longueuil, QC, Canada
| | - Pascal Thibault
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 1G1, Canada
| | - Tamra Ellis
- Centre for Rehabilitation and Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Heather Adams
- University Centre for Research and Disability, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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6
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Maldonado E, Thalla N, Nepaul S, Wisotzky E. Outcome Measures in Cancer Rehabilitation: Pain, Function, and Symptom Assessment. FRONTIERS IN PAIN RESEARCH (LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 2:692237. [PMID: 35295495 PMCID: PMC8915687 DOI: 10.3389/fpain.2021.692237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Assessment of cancer rehabilitation outcome measures is integral for patient assessment, symptom screening, and advancing scientific research. In the broad field of cancer rehabilitation, outcome measures can cross-cut across many different branches of oncologic care including clinician-reported, patient-reported, and objective measures. Specific outcome measures that apply to cancer rehabilitation include those pertinent to pain, function, quality of life, fatigue, and cognition. These outcome measures, when used in cancer rehabilitation, can be utilized to evaluate the effectiveness of an intervention and to triage to the appropriate supportive care service. This review article summarizes some of the commonly used outcome measures that can be applied in the cancer rehabilitation setting to support scholarly work and patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Maldonado
- MedStar National Rehabilitation Hospital, Washington, DC, United States.,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Nirguna Thalla
- MedStar National Rehabilitation Hospital, Washington, DC, United States.,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Sargoon Nepaul
- MedStar National Rehabilitation Hospital, Washington, DC, United States.,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Eric Wisotzky
- MedStar National Rehabilitation Hospital, Washington, DC, United States.,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States
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Peoples AR, Pigeon WR, Li D, Garland SN, Perlis ML, Inglis JE, Vinciguerra V, Anderson T, Evans LS, Wade JL, Ossip DJ, Morrow GR, Wolf JR. Association Between Pretreatment Sleep Disturbance and Radiation Therapy-Induced Pain in 573 Women With Breast Cancer. J Pain Symptom Manage 2021; 61:254-261. [PMID: 32768555 PMCID: PMC7854971 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2020.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Pain can be a debilitating side effect of radiation therapy (RT). Data from the general population have shown that sleep disturbance can influence pain incidence and severity; however, less is known about this relationship in patients with breast cancer receiving RT. OBJECTIVES This secondary analysis examined the association of pretreatment moderate/severe levels of sleep disturbance with subsequent RT-induced pain after adjusting for pre-RT pain. METHODS We report on 573 female patients with breast cancer undergoing RT from a previously completed Phase II clinical trial for radiation dermatitis. Sleep disturbance, total pain, and pain subdomains-sensory pain, affective pain, and perceived pain intensity were assessed at pre-RT and post-RT. At pre-RT, patients were dichotomized into two groups: those with moderate/severe sleep disturbance (N = 85) vs. those with no/mild sleep disturbance (control; N = 488). RESULTS At pre-RT, women with moderate/severe sleep disturbance were younger, less likely to be married, more likely to have had mastectomy and chemotherapy, and more likely to have depression/anxiety disorder and fatigue than the control group (all Ps < 0.05). Generalized estimating equations model, after controlling for pre-RT pain and other covariates (e.g., trial treatment condition and covariates that were significantly correlated with post-RT pain), showed that women with moderate/severe sleep disturbance at pre-RT vs. control group had significantly higher mean post-RT total pain as well as sensory, affective, and perceived pain (effect size = 0.62, 0.60, 0.69, and 0.52, respectively; all Ps < 0.05). CONCLUSION These findings suggest that moderate/severe disturbed sleep before RT is associated with increased pain from pre-to-post-RT in patients with breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita R Peoples
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA.
| | - Wilfred R Pigeon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA; Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Dongmei Li
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Sheila N Garland
- Departments of Psychology and Oncology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Michael L Perlis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Julia E Inglis
- Department of Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | | | | | - Lisa S Evans
- Southeast Clinical Oncology Research Consortium NCORP, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - James L Wade
- Heartland Cancer Research NCORP, Decatur, Illinois, USA
| | - Deborah J Ossip
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA; Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Gary R Morrow
- Department of Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Julie Ryan Wolf
- Departments of Dermatology and Radiation Oncology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
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Yu H, Xu Z, Dai SH, Jiang JL, He LL, Zheng JQ, Yu H. The Effect of Propofol Versus Volatile Anesthetics on Persistent Pain After Cardiac Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2020; 35:2438-2446. [PMID: 33183935 DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2020.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Sternal incisions can generate persistent and intense post-sternotomy pain. Propofol has been shown to improve postoperative analgesia, but the preventive effect on persistent pain after cardiac surgery is unknown. The hypothesis of the present study was that intraoperative propofol-based anesthesia compared with volatile anesthesia could reduce the risk of chronic pain after cardiac surgery. DESIGN A single-center, two-arm, patient-and-evaluator-blinded, randomized controlled trial. SETTING A single major urban teaching and university hospital. PATIENTS Five-hundred adult patients undergoing cardiac surgery via sternotomy randomly were assigned. With six withdrawals from the study and five from surgery, 244 in the total intravenous anesthesia group and 245 in the volatile group were included in the modified intention-to-treat analysis. INTERVENTIONS Patients randomly were assigned to receive either propofol-based total intravenous anesthesia or volatile anesthesia during surgery. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS The primary outcomes were the incidence of pain at three, six, and 12 months after surgery defined as pain score >0 on the numeric rating scale. The secondary outcomes included acute pain, opioid use during the first 72 hours after surgery, and quality of life. The use of propofol did not significantly affect chronic pain at three months (55.4% v 52.9%, difference 2.5%, 95% confidence interval [CI] -6.6 to 11.6; p = 0.656), six months (35.5% v 37.5%, difference -2.0%, 95% CI -10.9 to 6.9; p = 0.657), or 12 months (18.2% v 20.7%, difference -2.5%, 95% CI -9.8 to 4.8; p = 0.495) compared with volatile anesthetics. Furthermore, there were no differences in acute pain score; morphine-equivalent consumption during the first 72 hours; and quality of life at three, six, and 12 months after surgery. CONCLUSIONS Intraoperative administration of propofol did not reduce persistent pain after cardiac surgery compared with volatile anesthetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; The Research Units of West China (2018RU012), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhao Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; The Research Units of West China (2018RU012), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Shun-Hui Dai
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; The Research Units of West China (2018RU012), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Jia-Li Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; The Research Units of West China (2018RU012), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei-Lei He
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; The Research Units of West China (2018RU012), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Jian-Qiao Zheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; The Research Units of West China (2018RU012), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Hai Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; The Research Units of West China (2018RU012), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China.
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Assari S, Cobb S, Saqib M, Bazargan M. Economic Strain Deteriorates While Education Fails to Protect Black Older Adults Against Depressive Symptoms, Pain, Self-rated Health, Chronic Disease, and Sick Days. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 4:49-62. [PMID: 32724902 DOI: 10.29245/2578-2959/2020/2.1203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Background A large body of empirical evidence on Minorities' Diminished Returns (MDRs) suggests that educational attainment shows smaller health effects for Blacks compared to Whites. At the same time, economic strain may operate as a risk factor for a wide range of undesired mental and physical health outcomes in Black communities. Aim The current study investigated the combined effects of education and economic strain on the following five health outcomes in Black older adults in underserved areas of South Los Angeles: depressive symptoms, number of chronic diseases, pain intensity, self-rated health, and sick days. Methods This cross-sectional study included 619 Black older adults residing in South Los Angeles. Data on demographic factors (age and gender), socioeconomic characteristics, economic strain, health insurance, living arrangement, marital status, health behaviors, depressive symptoms, pain intensity, number of chronic diseases, sick days, and self-rated health were collected. Five linear regressions were used to analyze the data. Results Although high education was associated with less economic strain, it was the economic strain, not educational attainment, which was universally associated with depressive symptoms, pain intensity, self-rated health, chronic diseases, and sick days, independent of covariates. Similar patterns emerged for all health outcomes suggesting that the risk associated with economic strain and lack of health gain due to educational attainment are both robust and independent of type of health outcome. Conclusion In economically constrained urban environments, economic strain is a more salient social determinant of health of Black older adults than educational attainment. While education loses some of its protective effects, economic strain deteriorates health of Black population across domains. There is a need for bold economic and social policies that increase access of Black communities to cash at times of emergency. There is also a need to improve the education quality in the Black communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shervin Assari
- Departments of Family Medicine, Charles R Drew University of Medicine and Science
| | - Sharon Cobb
- School of Nursing, Charles R Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Mohammed Saqib
- University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Mohsen Bazargan
- Departments of Family Medicine, Charles R Drew University of Medicine and Science.,Departments of Family Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States
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Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation Reduces Resting Pain in Head and Neck Cancer Patients: A Randomized and Placebo-Controlled Double-Blind Pilot Study. Cancer Nurs 2020; 42:218-228. [PMID: 29649082 DOI: 10.1097/ncc.0000000000000594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals receiving radiation for head and neck cancer (HNC) often develop painful oral mucositis that impairs function, possibly leading to feeding tubes, hospitalization, and treatment delays. Although pharmacologic medications provide some relief, many report inadequate analgesia and adverse effects. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) is a safe, nonpharmacologic intervention; it decreases pain and analgesics and improves function, yet no studies examined TENS for HNC. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine the efficacy of TENS for pain and function in HNC patients. METHODS This study used a randomized, double-blinded crossover design; participants received 3 TENS treatments during weeks 4 to 6 of radiation: active, placebo, and no TENS over the temporomandibular joint and upper cervical region. Pain (McGill Pain Questionnaire, visual analog scale [VAS] resting and function), function (mouth opening, tongue movement, speaking), fatigue (VAS), and treatment effectiveness (VAS) were assessed before and after TENS at 3 visits. RESULTS Resting pain (McGill Pain Questionnaire and VAS) decreased significantly more after active TENS than placebo or no TENS; changes in function and pain with function did not differ between conditions. Active TENS decreased fatigue significantly more than no TENS and was rated as more effective than placebo TENS. CONCLUSION Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation improves pain in HNC patients receiving radiation but not function or pain with function relative to placebo or no TENS. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation may be a viable tool for radiation-induced HNC pain to complement pharmacologic approaches. This nonpharmacologic intervention could decrease the debilitating effects of radiation and analgesics, and improve quality of life. Clinical trials should examine the effects and safety of repeated, daily TENS in HNC patients receiving radiation.
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11
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Yu H, Zheng JQ, Hua YS, Ren SF, Yu H. Influence of volatile anesthesia versus total intravenous anesthesia on chronic postsurgical pain after cardiac surgery using the Initiative on Methods, Measurement, and Pain Assessment in Clinical Trials criteria: study protocol for a prospective randomized controlled trial. Trials 2019; 20:645. [PMID: 31775854 PMCID: PMC6880356 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-019-3742-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Many patients develop chronic postsurgical pain (CPSP) after cardiac surgery, which interferes with their sleep, mood, and quality of life. Studies have suggested that propofol improves postoperative analgesia compared with volatile anesthetics, but its preventive effect on CPSP following cardiac surgery is still unknown. This study compares the incidence of CPSP following cardiac surgery for those receiving volatile anesthesia and those receiving propofol-based total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) using criteria recommended by the Initiative on Methods, Measurement, and Pain Assessment in Clinical Trials (IMMPACT). Methods/design This is a prospective randomized controlled trial. In total, 500 adults undergoing cardiac surgery will be randomly allocated to the volatile or the TIVA group. The volatile group will receive sevoflurane or desflurane during surgery as general anesthesia. The TIVA group will receive propofol-based intravenous agents and no volatile agents during surgery. The primary outcomes will be the frequency of CPSP at 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year after surgery. In this case, CPSP is sternal or thoracic pain. It is defined as either (1) numerical rating scale (NRS) > 0 or (2) meeting all six IMMPACT criteria for CPSP. The IMMPACT criteria are validated pain instruments. Discussion To our knowledge, this is the first prospective randomized controlled trial to investigate the prevention of CPSP following cardiac surgery for patients receiving volatile anesthesia compared to those receiving propofol-based TIVA using validated pain instruments in accordance with the IMMPACT recommendations. This study will provide important information on which of these two anesthetic regimens is better for preventing CPSP after cardiac surgery. Trial registration Chictr.org.cn, ChiCTR1900020747. Registered on 16 January 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University & The Research Units of West China (2018RU012), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Qiao Zheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University & The Research Units of West China (2018RU012), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Si Hua
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University & The Research Units of West China (2018RU012), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuo-Fang Ren
- Department of Cardiovascular surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University & The Research Units of West China (2018RU012), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University & The Research Units of West China (2018RU012), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.
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Substance Use among Economically Disadvantaged African American Older Adults; Objective and Subjective Socioeconomic Status. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16101826. [PMID: 31126049 PMCID: PMC6572418 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16101826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose. This study investigated the effects of objective and subjective socioeconomic status (SES) indicators on two health behaviors, cigarette smoking and alcohol drinking, among African American older adults. Methods. This community-based study recruited 619 economically disadvantaged African American older adults (age ≥ 65 years) residing in South Los Angeles. Structured face-to-face interviews were conducted to collect data. Data on demographic factors (age and gender), subjective SES (financial difficulties), objective SES (educational attainment), living arrangement, marital status, healthcare access (insurance), and health (number of chronic medical conditions, self-rated health, sick days, depression, and chronic pain) and health behaviors (cigarette smoking and alcohol drinking) were collected from participants. Logistic regressions were used to analyze the data. Results. High financial difficulties were associated with higher odds of smoking cigarettes and drinking alcohol, independent of covariates. Educational attainment did not correlate with our outcomes. Similar patterns emerged for cigarette smoking and alcohol drinking. Conclusion. Subjective SES indicators such as financial difficulties may be more relevant than objective SES indicators such as educational attainment to health risk behaviors such as cigarette smoking and alcohol drinking among African American older adults in economically constrain urban environments. Smoking and drinking may serve as coping mechanisms with financial difficulty, especially among African American older adults. In line with the minorities' diminished returns (MDR) theory, and probably due to discrimination against racial minorities, educational attainment has a smaller protective effect among economically disadvantaged African American individuals against health risk behaviors.
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Bazargan M, Smith JL, Robinson P, Uyanne J, Abdulrahoof R, Chuku C, Assari S. Chronic Respiratory Disease and Health-Related Quality of Life of African American Older Adults in an Economically Disadvantaged Area of Los Angeles. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E1756. [PMID: 31108963 PMCID: PMC6571607 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16101756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background. Most of the attention of policy makers, program planners, clinicians, and researchers in the area of physical health disparities among African American older adults has been traditionally focused on cardiometabolic disease and cancer. Among a long list of chronic medical conditions, chronic respiratory conditions (CRCs), such as asthma, chronic bronchitis, and emphysema, have received less attention. Purpose. This study investigated whether CRCs contribute to physical and mental health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of African American older adults who live in economically disadvantaged urban areas, and whether these effects are due to demographic factors, socioeconomic status (SES), health behaviors, and comorbid medical and mental conditions. Methods. This community-based study recruited 617 African American older adults (age ≥ 65 years) from Service Planning Areas (SPA) 6, an economically disadvantaged area in South Los Angeles. Structured face-to-face interviews were used to collect data on demographic factors (age and gender), SES (educational attainment and financial difficulty), living arrangements, marital status, health behaviors (cigarette smoking and alcohol drinking), health (CRC, number of comorbid medical conditions, depressive symptoms, and pain intensity), and physical and mental HRQoL (Physical and Mental Component Summary Scores; PCS and MCS; SF-12). Linear regressions were used to analyze the data. Results. The presence of CRCs was associated with lower PCS and MCS in bivariate analysis. The association between CRCs and PCS remained significant above and beyond all confounders. However, the association between CRCs and MCS disappeared after controlling for confounders. Conclusion. For African American older adults living in economically disadvantaged urban areas, CRCs contribute to poor physical HRQoL. Evaluation and treatment of CRCs in African American older adults may be a strategy for reduction of disparities in HRQoL in this population. As smoking is the major modifiable risk factor for CRCs, there is a need to increase accessibility of smoking cessation programs in economically disadvantaged urban areas. More research is needed on the types, management, and prognosis of CRCs such as asthma, chronic bronchitis, and emphysema in African American older adults who reside in low-income and resource limited urban areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Bazargan
- Departments of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, Charles R Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA.
- Departments of Public Health, College of Health and Science, Charles R Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA.
- Departments of Family Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - James L Smith
- Departments of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, Charles R Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA.
| | - Paul Robinson
- Departments of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, Charles R Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA.
- Departments of Family Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - John Uyanne
- Division of Internal Medicine & Geriatrics, Charles R Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA.
| | - Ruqayyah Abdulrahoof
- Departments of Public Health, College of Health and Science, Charles R Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA.
| | - Chika Chuku
- Departments of Public Health, College of Health and Science, Charles R Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA.
| | - Shervin Assari
- Departments of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, Charles R Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA.
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Fiala CA, Abbott LI, Carter CD, Hillis SL, Wolf JS, Schuster M, Dulski R, Grice EA, Rakel BA, Gardner SE. Severe pain during wound care procedures: A cross-sectional study protocol. J Adv Nurs 2018; 74:10.1111/jan.13699. [PMID: 29733454 PMCID: PMC6222007 DOI: 10.1111/jan.13699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study is to: (a) develop and evaluate a model to predict severe pain during wound care procedures (WCPs) so that high-risk patients can be targeted for specialized dressings and preventive pain control; and (b) identify biological factors associated with severe pain during WCPs so that novel pain control strategies can be developed. BACKGROUND Wound care procedures such as dressing changes can cause moderate to severe pain in 74% of patients, with nearly half (36%) of all patients experiencing severe pain (rated as 8-10 on a 10-point numeric rating scale) during dressing change. Additionally, clinicians have little direction with current guidelines regarding pain control during WCPs including the selection of the appropriate advanced wound dressings and the appropriate use of analgesics. DESIGN This is a cross-sectional study. METHODS The National Institute of Nursing Research approved and funded the study June of 2015 and the appropriate Institutional Review Board approved all study protocols prior to funding. Study enrolment is underway at the University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics with a target of 525 participants. Potential participants must be adults (21+ years) and have a nonburn, nondiabetic foot, full-thickness wound. The research team performs a one-time study dressing change on enrolled participants and collects all study data. DISCUSSION This study will allow the development of a tool for clinicians to use to predict severe pain during WCPs and identify biological factors significantly associated with severe pain during WCPs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Linda I Abbott
- College of Nursing, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
- Department of Nursing, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa
| | | | - Stephen L Hillis
- Departments of Radiology and Biostatistics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | | | | | - Rachel Dulski
- College of Nursing, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Elizabeth A Grice
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Sue E Gardner
- College of Nursing, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
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Oncology Section EDGE Task Force on Cancer: A Systematic Review of Clinical Measures for Pain. REHABILITATION ONCOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1097/01.reo.0000000000000097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Rodríguez Medina DA, Domínguez Trejo B, Cortés Esteban P, Cruz Albarrán IA, Morales Hernández LA, Leija Alva G. Biopsychosocial Assessment of Pain with Thermal Imaging of Emotional Facial Expression in Breast Cancer Survivors. MEDICINES 2018; 5:medicines5020030. [PMID: 29601485 PMCID: PMC6023480 DOI: 10.3390/medicines5020030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background: Recent research has evaluated psychological and biological characteristics associated with pain in survivors of breast cancer (BC). Few studies consider their relationship with inflammatory activity. Voluntary facial expressions modify the autonomic activity and this may be useful in the hospital environment for clinical biopsychosocial assessment of pain. Methods: This research compared a BC survivors group under integral treatment (Oncology, Psychology, Nutrition) with a control group to assess the intensity of pain, behavioral interference, anxiety, depression, temperament-expression, anger control, social isolation, emotional regulation, and alexithymia and inflammatory activity, with salivary interleukin 6 (IL-6). Then, a psychophysiological evaluation through repeated measures of facial infrared thermal imaging (IRT) and hands in baseline—positive facial expression (joy)—negative facial expression (pain)—relaxation (diaphragmatic breathing). Results: The results showed changes in the IRT (p < 0.05) during the execution of facial expressions in the chin, perinasal, periorbital, frontal, nose, and fingers areas in both groups. No differences were found in the IL-6 level among the aforementioned groups, but an association with baseline nasal temperature (p < 0.001) was observable. The BC group had higher alexithymia score (p < 0.01) but lower social isolation (p < 0.05), in comparison to the control group. Conclusions: In the low- and medium-concentration groups of IL-6, the psychophysiological intervention proposed in this study has a greater effect than on the high concentration group of IL-6. This will be considered in the design of psychological and psychosocial interventions for the treatment of pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Alberto Rodríguez Medina
- Division of Research and Postgraduate Studies, Faculty of Psychology, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico.
| | - Benjamín Domínguez Trejo
- Division of Research and Postgraduate Studies, Faculty of Psychology, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico.
| | - Patricia Cortés Esteban
- National Medical Center 20 de Noviembre, Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado, Mexico City 03229, Mexico.
| | - Irving Armando Cruz Albarrán
- CA Mechatronics, Faculty of Engineering, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, San Juan del Río City 76807, México.
| | | | - Gerardo Leija Alva
- Interdisciplinary Center of Health Sciences, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Santo Tomás, Mexico City 11340, Mexico.
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Kendall MC, McCarthy RJ, Panaro S, Goodwin E, Bialek JM, Nader A, De Oliveira GS. The Effect of Intraoperative Systemic Lidocaine on Postoperative Persistent Pain Using Initiative on Methods, Measurement, and Pain Assessment in Clinical Trials Criteria Assessment Following Breast Cancer Surgery: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Cont. Pain Pract 2017; 18:350-359. [DOI: 10.1111/papr.12611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark C. Kendall
- Anesthesiology Department; Feinberg School of Medicine; Northwestern University; Chicago Illinois U.S.A
| | - Robert J. McCarthy
- Anesthesiology Department; Feinberg School of Medicine; Northwestern University; Chicago Illinois U.S.A
| | - Steve Panaro
- Anesthesiology Department; Alpert School of Medicine; Rhode Island Hospital; Brown University; Providence Rhode Island U.S.A
| | - Emily Goodwin
- Anesthesiology Department; Alpert School of Medicine; Rhode Island Hospital; Brown University; Providence Rhode Island U.S.A
| | - Jane M. Bialek
- Anesthesiology Department; Feinberg School of Medicine; Northwestern University; Chicago Illinois U.S.A
| | - Antoun Nader
- Anesthesiology Department; Feinberg School of Medicine; Northwestern University; Chicago Illinois U.S.A
| | - Gildasio S. De Oliveira
- Anesthesiology Department; Alpert School of Medicine; Rhode Island Hospital; Brown University; Providence Rhode Island U.S.A
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Gallagher E, Rogers B, Brant J. Cancer-Related Pain Assessment: Monitoring the Effectiveness of Interventions. Clin J Oncol Nurs 2017; 21:8-12. [DOI: 10.1188/17.cjon.s3.8-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Dureja GP, Iyer RN, Das G, Ahdal J, Narang P. Evidence and consensus recommendations for the pharmacological management of pain in India. J Pain Res 2017; 10:709-736. [PMID: 28435313 PMCID: PMC5386610 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s128655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite enormous progress in the field of pain management over the recent years, pain continues to be a highly prevalent medical condition worldwide. In the developing countries, pain is often an undertreated and neglected aspect of treatment. Awareness issues and several misconceptions associated with the use of analgesics, fear of adverse events - particularly with opioids and surgical methods of analgesia - are major factors contributing to suboptimal treatment of pain. Untreated pain, as a consequence, is associated with disability, loss of income, unemployment and considerable mortality; besides contributing majorly to the economic burden on the society and the health care system in general. Available guidelines suggest that a strategic treatment approach may be helpful for physicians in managing pain in real-world settings. The aim of this manuscript is to propose treatment recommendations for the management of different types of pain, based on the available evidence. Evidence search was performed by using MEDLINE (by PubMed) and Cochrane databases. The types of articles included in this review were based on randomized control studies, case-control or cohort studies, prospective and retrospective studies, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, clinical practice guidelines and evidence-based consensus recommendations. Articles were reviewed by a multidisciplinary expert panel and recommendations were developed. A stepwise treatment algorithm-based approach based on a careful diagnosis and evaluation of the underlying disease, associated comorbidities and type/duration of pain is proposed to assist general practitioners, physicians and pain specialists in clinical decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rajagopalan N Iyer
- Department of Orthopaedics, Raja Rajeswari Medical College and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka
| | - Gautam Das
- Daradia Pain Clinic, Kolkata, West Bengal
| | - Jaishid Ahdal
- Department of Medical Affairs, Janssen India, Johnson & Johnson Pvt Ltd, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Prashant Narang
- Department of Medical Affairs, Janssen India, Johnson & Johnson Pvt Ltd, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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McDonald DD, Molony SL. Postoperative Pain Communication Skills for Older Adults. West J Nurs Res 2016; 26:836-52; discussion 853-9. [PMID: 15539531 DOI: 10.1177/0193945904269292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study tested the effect of a preoperative pain communication intervention on older adults’ ability to obtain pain relief after a total knee arthroplasty. A posttest-only experimental design was used to compare older adults randomly assigned to (a) view a pain management and pain communication film, (b) view the pain management film only, or (c) receive standard care only. Initial method adjustments decreased potential error in the study. Adjustments included testing only total knee arthroplasty patients receiving standard physical therapy and omitting unreliable measures from the analyses. Recruitment of the standard care group was halted when differences emerged between the remaining groups. Older adults in the communication group reported significantly less sensory pain on postoperative Day 1 than older adults in the pain management only group. Teaching older adults both pain communication skills and pain management information before surgery might result in greater pain relief during the early postoperative period.
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Pain assessment in context: a state of the science review of the McGill pain questionnaire 40 years on. Pain 2015; 157:1387-1399. [DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Schmid S, Omlin A, Blum D, Strasser F, Gillessen S, Rothermundt C. Assessment of anticancer-treatment outcome in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer-going beyond PSA and imaging, a systematic literature review. Ann Oncol 2015. [PMID: 26216388 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdv326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the past years, there has been significant progress in anticancer drug development for patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). However, the current instruments to assess clinical treatment response have limitations and may not sufficiently reflect patient benefit. Our objective was to systematically identify tools to evaluate both patient benefit and clinical anticancer-treatment response as basis for an international consensus process and development of a specific pragmatic instrument for men with CRPC. METHODS PubMed, Embase and CINAHL were searched to identify currently available tools to assess anticancer-treatment benefit, other than standard imaging procedures and prostate-specific antigen measurements, namely quality of life (QoL), detailed pain assessment, physical function and objective measures of other complex cancer-related syndromes in patients with CRPC. Additionally, all CRPC phase III trials published in the last 5 years were reviewed as well as studies using physical function tools in a general cancer population. The PRIMSA statement was followed for the systematic review process. RESULTS The search generated 1096 hits, 185 full-text papers were screened and finally 73 publications were included. Additional 89 publications were included by hand-search. We identified a total of 98 tools used in CRPC trials and grouped these into three categories: 22 tools assessing QoL domains and subgroups, 47 tools for pain assessment and 29 tools for objective measures, mainly physical function and assessment of skeletal disease burden. CONCLUSION A wide variety of assessment tools and also efforts to standardize and harmonize patient-reported outcomes and pain assessment were identified. However, the specific needs of the increasing CRPC population living longer with their incurable cancer are insufficiently captured and objective physical outcome measures are under-represented. In the age of new anticancer drug targets and principles, new methods to monitor patient relevant outcomes of antineoplastic therapy are of utmost importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Schmid
- Division of Oncology and Haematology, Division of Oncology and Palliative Centre, Cantonal Hospital St Gallen, St Gallen,Switzerland
| | - A Omlin
- Division of Oncology and Haematology, Division of Oncology and Palliative Centre, Cantonal Hospital St Gallen, St Gallen,Switzerland
| | - D Blum
- Division of Oncological Palliative Medicine, Division of Oncology and Palliative Centre, Cantonal Hospital St Gallen, St Gallen,Switzerland
| | - F Strasser
- Division of Oncology and Haematology, Division of Oncology and Palliative Centre, Cantonal Hospital St Gallen, St Gallen,Switzerland Division of Oncological Palliative Medicine, Division of Oncology and Palliative Centre, Cantonal Hospital St Gallen, St Gallen,Switzerland
| | - S Gillessen
- Division of Oncology and Haematology, Division of Oncology and Palliative Centre, Cantonal Hospital St Gallen, St Gallen,Switzerland
| | - C Rothermundt
- Division of Oncology and Haematology, Division of Oncology and Palliative Centre, Cantonal Hospital St Gallen, St Gallen,Switzerland
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Pellaprat J, Ory-Magne F, Canivet C, Simonetta-Moreau M, Lotterie JA, Radji F, Arbus C, Gerdelat A, Chaynes P, Brefel-Courbon C. Deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus improves pain in Parkinson's disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2014; 20:662-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2014.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Revised: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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The Relationship Between Pain and Comorbid Health Conditions in People with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Cardiopulm Phys Ther J 2014. [DOI: 10.1097/01823246-201403000-00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Ferreira KASL, de Andrade DC, Teixeira MJ. Development and Validation of a Brazilian Version of the Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF-MPQ). Pain Manag Nurs 2013; 14:210-219. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pmn.2011.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2011] [Revised: 04/13/2011] [Accepted: 04/21/2011] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Hunter J, Leeder S. Patient questionnaires for use in the integrative medicine primary care setting—A systematic literature review. Eur J Integr Med 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2013.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Morrison RS. Research priorities in geriatric palliative care: an introduction to a new series. J Palliat Med 2013; 16:726-9. [PMID: 23721426 DOI: 10.1089/jpm.2013.9499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- R Sean Morrison
- National Palliative Care Research Center, Hertzberg Palliative Care Institute, Brookdale Department of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA.
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Humphries TJ, Kessler CM. The challenge of pain evaluation in haemophilia: can pain evaluation and quantification be improved by using pain instruments from other clinical situations? Haemophilia 2012; 19:181-7. [DOI: 10.1111/hae.12023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Biçici B, Güneş UY. The validity and reliability of the Turkish version of short-form McGill Pain Questionnaire in patients with leukemia. J Clin Nurs 2012; 21:3328-34. [PMID: 22686194 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2702.2012.04107.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To assess reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the Short-form McGill Pain Questionnaire. BACKGROUND Pain is one of the most frequent and significant problems encountered by nurses practice across the world. The Short-form McGill Pain Questionnaire was widely translated and used to assess the pain experience of several types of patients because it combines the properties of the standard McGill Pain Questionnaire but takes substantially less time to administer. DESIGN The study used psychometric testing to establish reliability and validity of the Turkish version of Short-form McGill Pain Questionnaire. METHODS A convenience sample of 160 patients with leukaemia in Turkey was used to collect data regarding pain evaluation. The original version of the Short-form McGill Pain Questionnaire, adapted into Turkish, was tested for internal consistency, content validity, construct validity and concurrent validity. RESULTS Internal consistency was found adequate at both assessments with Cronbach's α 0.88 for test and 0.91 for retest. For reliability of the total, sensory, affective and evaluative total pain intensity, high intraclass correlations were demonstrated (0.85, 0.84, 0.82 and 0.70, respectively). Correlation of total, sensory and affective score with the numerical rating scale was tested for construct validity demonstrating r = 0.61 (p < 0.01) for test and r = 0.68 (p < 0.01) for retest. Correlation with blood pressure values for concurrent validity was found to be r = 0.78 (p < 0.001) for test and r = 0.73 (p < 0.001) for retest. CONCLUSION Turkish version of the Short-form McGill Pain Questionnaire has shown statistically acceptable levels of reliability and validity for pain evaluation in patients with leukaemia. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE This study provided evidence that the Turkish version of the Short-form McGill Pain Questionnaire is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing pain. This scale can be used to assess nursing interventions aimed at decreasing pain and efficacy of the treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berna Biçici
- Department of Fundamentals of Nursing, Ege University Faculty of Nursing, Bornova-Izmir, Turkey
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Arimura T, Hosoi M, Tsukiyama Y, Yoshida T, Fujiwara D, Tanaka M, Tamura R, Nakashima Y, Sudo N, Kubo C. Pain questionnaire development focusing on cross-cultural equivalence to the original questionnaire: the Japanese version of the Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire. PAIN MEDICINE 2012; 13:541-51. [PMID: 22360795 DOI: 10.1111/j.1526-4637.2012.01333.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present study aimed to develop a Japanese version of the Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF-MPQ-J) that focuses on cross-culturally equivalence to the original English version and to test its reliability and validity. DESIGN Cross-sectional design. METHOD In study 1, SF-MPQ was translated and adapted into Japanese. It included construction of response scales equivalent to the original using a variation of the Thurstone method of equal-appearing intervals. A total of 147 undergraduate students and 44 pain patients participated in the development of the Japanese response scales. To measure the equivalence of pain descriptors, 62 pain patients in four diagnostic groups were asked to choose pain descriptors that described their pain. In study 2, chronic pain patients (N=126) completed the SF-MPQ-J, the Long-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire Japanese version (LF-MPQ-J), and the 11-point numerical rating scale of pain intensity. Correlation analysis examined the construct validity of the SF-MPQ-J. RESULTS The results from study 1 were used to develop SF-MPQ-J, which is linguistically equivalent to the original questionnaire. Response scales from SF-MPQ-J represented the original scale values. All pain descriptors, except one, were used by >33% in at least one of the four diagnostic groups. Study 2 exhibited adequate internal consistency and test-retest reliability, with the construct validity of SF-MPQ-J comparable to the original. CONCLUSION These findings suggested that SF-MPQ-J is reliable, valid, and cross-culturally equivalent to the original questionnaire. Researchers might consider using this scale in multicenter, multi-ethnical trials or cross-cultural studies that include Japanese-speaking patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuyuki Arimura
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Thompson T, Keogh E, Chen MJL, French CC. Emotion-focused coping and distraction: Sex differences in the influence of anxiety sensitivity during noxious heat stimulation. Eur J Pain 2011; 16:410-20. [DOI: 10.1002/j.1532-2149.2011.00028.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - E. Keogh
- Centre for Pain Research & Department of Psychology; University of Bath; Bath; BA2 7AY; UK
| | | | - C. C. French
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths; University of London; London; SE14 6NW; UK
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Adelmanesh F, Arvantaj A, Rashki H, Ketabchi S, Montazeri A, Raissi G. Results from the translation and adaptation of the Iranian Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire (I-SF-MPQ): preliminary evidence of its reliability, construct validity and sensitivity in an Iranian pain population. Sports Med Arthrosc Rehabil Ther Technol 2011; 3:27. [PMID: 22074591 PMCID: PMC3225325 DOI: 10.1186/1758-2555-3-27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2010] [Accepted: 11/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Background The Short Form McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF-MPQ) is one of the most widely used instruments to assess pain. The aim of this study was to translate and culturally adapt the questionnaire for Farsi (the official language of Iran) speakers in order to test its reliability and sensitivity. Methods We followed Guillemin's guidelines for cross-cultural adaption of health-related measures, which include forward-backward translations, expert committee meetings, and face validity testing in a pilot group. Subsequently, the questionnaire was administered to a sample of 100 diverse chronic pain patients attending a tertiary pain and rehabilitation clinic. In order to evaluate test-retest reliability, patients completed the questionnaire in the morning and early evening of their first visit. Finally, patients were asked to complete the questionnaire for the third time after completing a standardized treatment protocol three weeks later. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to evaluate reliability. We used principle component analysis to assess construct validity. Results Ninety-two subjects completed the questionnaire both in the morning and in the evening of the first visit (test-retest reliability), and after three weeks (sensitivity to change). Eight patients who did not finish treatment protocol were excluded from the study. Internal consistency was found by Cronbach's alpha to be 0.951, 0.832 and 0.840 for sensory, affective and total scores respectively. ICC resulted in 0.906 for sensory, 0.712 for affective and 0.912 for total pain score. Item to subscale score correlations supported the convergent validity of each item to its hypothesized subscale. Correlations were observed to range from r2 = 0.202 to r2 = 0.739. Sensitivity or responsiveness was evaluated by pair t-test, which exhibited a significant difference between pre- and post-treatment scores (p < 0.001). Conclusion The results of this study indicate that the Iranian version of the SF-MPQ is a reliable questionnaire and responsive to changes in the subscale and total pain scores in Persian chronic pain patients over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhad Adelmanesh
- Multidisciplinary Pain Clinic, Kasra Hospital, Tehran, 1514945311, Iran.
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Liepe K, Kotzerke J. Internal radiotherapy of painful bone metastases. Methods 2011; 55:258-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2011.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2011] [Revised: 06/16/2011] [Accepted: 07/07/2011] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
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Thompson T, Keogh E, French CC. Sensory Focusing Versus Distraction and Pain: Moderating Effects of Anxiety Sensitivity in Males and Females. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2011; 12:849-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2011.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2010] [Revised: 01/17/2011] [Accepted: 01/19/2011] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Li XM, Yan H, Zhou KN, Dang SN, Wang DL, Zhang YP. Effects of music therapy on pain among female breast cancer patients after radical mastectomy: results from a randomized controlled trial. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2011; 128:411-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s10549-011-1533-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2010] [Accepted: 04/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Ni Riordain R, Moloney E, O’Sullivan K, McCreary C. Burning mouth syndrome and oral health-related quality of life: is there a change over time? Oral Dis 2010; 16:643-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-0825.2010.01666.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Lee JE, Watson D, Frey Law LA. Lower-order pain-related constructs are more predictive of cold pressor pain ratings than higher-order personality traits. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2010; 11:681-91. [PMID: 20356801 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2009.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2009] [Revised: 10/02/2009] [Accepted: 10/12/2009] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Pain is a debilitating condition affecting millions each year, yet what predisposes certain individuals to be more sensitive to pain remains relatively unknown. Several psychological factors have been associated with pain perception, but the structural relations between multiple higher- and lower-order constructs and pain are not well understood. Thus, we aimed to examine the associations between pain perception using the cold pressor task (CPT), higher-order personality traits (neuroticism, negative affectivity, trait anxiety, extraversion, positive affectivity, psychoticism), and lower-order pain-related psychological constructs (pain catastrophizing [pre- and post-], fear of pain, anxiety sensitivity, somatosensory amplification, hypochondriasis) in 66 pain-free adults. Factor analysis revealed 3 latent psychological variables: pain- or body-sensitivity, negative affect/neuroticism, and positive affect/extraversion. Similarly, pain responses factored into 3 domains: intensity, quality, and tolerance. Regression and correlation analyses demonstrated that: 1) all the lower-order pain constructs (fear, catastrophizing, and hypochondriasis) are related through a single underlying latent factor that is partially related to the higher-order negative-valence personality traits; 2) pain- or body-sensitivity was more strongly predictive of pain quality than higher-order traits; and 3) the form of pain assessment is important-only qualitative pain ratings were significantly predicted by the psychological factors. PERSPECTIVE Consistent with the biopsychosocial model, these results suggest multiple pain-related psychological measures likely assess a common underlying factor, which is more predictive of qualitative than intensity pain ratings. This information may be useful for the development and advancement of pain assessments and treatments while considering the multidimensional nature of pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer E Lee
- Graduate Program in Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Pain Impact Functioning and Disability After Major Burn Injury. J Burn Care Res 2010; 31:13-25. [DOI: 10.1097/bcr.0b013e3181cb8cc8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Stice BD, Dik BJ. Depression among injured workers receiving vocational rehabilitation: contributions of work values, pain, and stress. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL REHABILITATION 2009; 19:354-363. [PMID: 19597973 DOI: 10.1007/s10926-009-9190-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2008] [Accepted: 06/28/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Work-related injuries or disabilities result in significant negative consequences to physical, economic, social, and psychological well-being. Depression has been shown to increase post-injury and to contribute to poor return to work outcomes. The primary goals of the study were to test known correlates of depression in a sample of injured workers receiving vocational rehabilitation and to assess the unique contribution of work values in injured worker depression. METHOD Scores on depression, stress, pain, work values, and demographic information were obtained from an archived sample of 253 injured workers receiving vocational rehabilitation. RESULTS Hierarchical multiple linear regression was used for analyses, resulting in a final model with a "large" effect size (R (2) = 0.42). The accepting vs. investigative work value dimension accounted for variance in depression scores beyond that accounted for by covariates and other significant correlates. Of the study variables, significant regression coefficients were found for pain, psychosocial stress, an interaction between pain and stress, and having an accepting work value. CONCLUSIONS Injured workers experiencing higher levels of pain and stress and who prefer to avoid workplace challenges may be vulnerable to experiencing depression. Results suggest that the presence of pain, stress, and the accepting work value dimension should be monitored in injured workers, and that the role of work values in injured worker depression may be a fruitful area for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan D Stice
- Counseling & Testing Services, University of Oklahoma, 620 Elm, Room 201, Norman, OK 73019-2092, USA.
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Improvement in Sensory Pain Rating After Palliative Systemic Radionuclide Therapy in Patients With Advanced Prostate Cancer. Am J Ther 2009; 16:127-32. [DOI: 10.1097/mjt.0b013e31816ddb5d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Mason VL, Skevington SM, Osborn M. A measure for quality of life assessment in chronic pain: preliminary properties of the WHOQOL-pain. J Behav Med 2008; 32:162-73. [DOI: 10.1007/s10865-008-9187-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2008] [Accepted: 11/07/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Najafi-Ghezeljeh T, Ekman I, Nikravesh MY, Emami A. Adaptation and validation of the Iranian version of Angina Pectoris characteristics questionnaire. Int J Nurs Pract 2008; 14:470-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-172x.2008.00722.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Victorson DE, Enders CK, Burnett KF, Ouellette EA. The Injury Distress Index: Development and Validation. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2008; 89:1893-902. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2008.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2007] [Revised: 02/05/2008] [Accepted: 02/11/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Characteristics of chronic ischemic pain in patients with peripheral arterial disease. Pain 2008; 139:201-208. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pain.2008.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2007] [Revised: 03/26/2008] [Accepted: 03/26/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Sawyer J, Haslam L, Robinson S, Daines P, Stilos K. Pain Prevalence Study in a Large Canadian Teaching Hospital. Pain Manag Nurs 2008; 9:104-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pmn.2008.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2007] [Revised: 01/08/2008] [Accepted: 02/04/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Khorsan R, Coulter ID, Hawk C, Choate CG. Measures in chiropractic research: choosing patient-based outcome assessments. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 2008; 31:355-75. [PMID: 18558278 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmpt.2008.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2007] [Revised: 01/15/2008] [Accepted: 02/24/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Outcome assessment normally used in research can support the therapeutic process by tracking patient symptoms and function and offering a common language to clinicians and researchers. This study's objectives were to (1) identify patient-based outcomes assessments used in published chiropractic studies, (2) describe a framework for identifying appropriate sets of measures, and (3) address the challenges associated with these measures relevant to chiropractic. METHODS This literature review identified and evaluated the most commonly used to outcome measures in chiropractic research. Instruments were evaluated in terms of feasibility, practicality, economy, reliability, validity, and responsiveness to clinical change. A search of PubMed and Index to Chiropractic Literature (from inception to June 2006) was performed. RESULTS A total of 1166 citations were identified. Of these, 629 were selected as relevant. The most common patient-based outcomes assessments instruments identified were the Oswestry Pain/Disability Index, Visual Analog Scale, and Short Form 36. CONCLUSIONS The integration of outcome measures is consistent with current national initiatives to enhance health care quality through performance measurement and can also be used to further the field of chiropractic health care research. Outcome measures are both a research tool and a means by which providers can consistently measure health care quality. Based upon this review, there is a wide range of outcome measures available for use in chiropractic care. Those most commonly cited in the literature are the numeric rating scale, Visual Analog Scale, Oswestry Pain/Disability Index, Roland-Morris Low Back Pain and Disability Questionnaire, and Short Form 36.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raheleh Khorsan
- Integrative Medicine and Military Medical Research, Samueli Institute, Corona del Mar, CA 92625, USA.
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