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Humphrey R, Truong A, Fraser R, Gallow TG, Fischbach L, Kuo T. Creating and Implementing a Community-Focused, Culturally Tailored Health Marketing Campaign to Address Menthol Cigarette Use in Los Angeles County. Prev Chronic Dis 2024; 21:E25. [PMID: 38635496 PMCID: PMC11048316 DOI: 10.5888/pcd21.230282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Menthol tobacco products have been marketed disproportionately to communities of color for decades. Methods In Los Angeles County, California, a health marketing campaign, which used glossy visuals and attractive people in appealing poses, reminiscent of tobacco marketing tactics, was created and implemented to educate smokers on the health risks of using menthol cigarettes. The campaign encouraged smokers to make a quit attempt by offering access to free or low-cost resources through the Kick It California quitline and the LAQuits website (laquits.com). A survey tailored for public health professionals and community members from the approximately 382,000 people in the county who smoked menthol cigarettes and were exposed to their smoke (our primary audience) was administered to generate insights about this problem. Survey data were used to finesse the campaign creative materials prior to launch. Advertisement exposures, website visits, and quitline call volume were monitored and tabulated to assess the performance of the campaign. Results At the conclusion of its initial run (February-April 2021), the "Done with Menthol" campaign had garnered more than 66 million impressions, received approximately 56,000 clicks on its various digital media platforms, and had click-through rates that surpassed industry benchmarks. The quitline call volume for African American and Latino subgroups were 1.9 and 1.8 times higher than the average inbound call volume for corresponding months during 2018 and 2019, respectively. In its second run (May-June 2023), the campaign garnered approximately 11 million additional impressions. Conclusions Despite having a lower budget and fewer resources than the tobacco industry, the "Done with Menthol" campaign attained excellent reach and offered free, low-cost, and accessible resources to county residents interested in tobacco use cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Humphrey
- Communications and Community Relations, Division of Chronic Disease and Injury Prevention, Los Angeles County Department of Public Health, 3530 Wilshire Blvd, 8th Floor, Los Angeles, CA 90010
| | - Amy Truong
- Communications and Community Relations, Division of Chronic Disease and Injury Prevention, Los Angeles County Department of Public Health, Los Angeles, California
| | | | - Tonya Gorham Gallow
- Tobacco Control and Prevention Program, Division of Chronic Disease and Injury Prevention, Los Angeles County Department of Public Health, Los Angeles, California
| | - Lori Fischbach
- Research and Evaluation, Division of Chronic Disease and Injury Prevention, Los Angeles County Department of Public Health, Los Angeles, California
| | - Tony Kuo
- Department of Family Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California
- Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, California
- Population Health Program, UCLA Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Los Angeles, California
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Ogunbajo A, Todd I, Zajdman D, Anderson A, Wali S, Diamant A, Ladapo JA, Ober AJ. Statin use for cardiovascular disease prevention: perceptions among people living with HIV in the United States. BMC Prim Care 2024; 25:116. [PMID: 38632550 PMCID: PMC11022377 DOI: 10.1186/s12875-024-02370-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND People living with HIV (PLWH) may be at heightened risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Statin use and lifestyle changes reduce the risk of CVD but remain under-prescribed among PLWH. The objective of this study was to characterize knowledge of CVD and statin use, current usage, barriers to taking statins, and information desired by PLWH to improve statin uptake among PLWH in Los Angeles, CA. METHODS Between April 2019 and April 2020, we conducted four focus group discussions (n = 37) with patients across three public community health clinics that serve PLWH in Los Angeles County, California. All clinics participated in a larger study to improve statin prescribing for PLWH. We asked about knowledge of statins, willingness to take a statin, possible barriers to statin usage, preferred information sources for health information, and desired information about statins. We utilized standard qualitative content analysis methods to identify themes. RESULTS We found a range in the awareness of statins, with some participants reporting never having heard of statins while others had a history of statin use. There were concerns about the potential long-term effect of statin use, but participants expressed willingness to use CVD medications generally and statins specifically, especially if recommended by their healthcare provider. Participants also expressed interest in potential alternatives to statin usage such as exercising regularly and nutritious eating. CONCLUSIONS More interventions are needed to increase statin use among PLWH to improve CVD outcomes, which also has implications for HIV progression. Clinics should aim to increase patient and provider knowledge about CVD risk and statin use for PLWH and provide shared decision-making tools that are easy to use and culturally appropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ivy Todd
- RAND Corporation, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Deborah Zajdman
- RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, VA, United States of America
| | | | - Soma Wali
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Health Services Research, Department of Medicine, UCLA Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Allison Diamant
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Health Services Research, Department of Medicine, UCLA Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Joseph A Ladapo
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Allison J Ober
- RAND Corporation, Arlington, VA, United States of America
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Aljohani B, Hall R. Optimizing the Selection of Mass Vaccination Sites: Access and Equity Consideration. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2024; 21:491. [PMID: 38673402 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21040491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
In the early phases of the COVID-19 pandemic, vaccine accessibility was limited, impacting large metropolitan areas such as Los Angeles County, which has over 10 million residents but only nine initial vaccination sites, which resulted in people experiencing long travel times to get vaccinated. We developed a mixed-integer linear model to optimize site selection, considering equitable access for vulnerable populations. Analyzing 277 zip codes between December 2020 and May 2021, our model incorporated factors such as car ownership, ethnic group disease vulnerability, and the Healthy Places Index, alongside travel times by car and public transit. Our optimized model significantly outperformed actual site allocations for all ethnic groups. We observed that White populations faced longer travel times, likely due to their residences being in more remote, less densely populated areas. Conversely, areas with higher Latino and Black populations, often closer to the city center, benefited from shorter travel times in our model. However, those without cars experienced greater disadvantages. While having many vaccination sites might improve access for those dependent on public transit, that advantage is diminished if people must search among many sites to find a location with available vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basim Aljohani
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32603, USA
| | - Randolph Hall
- Epstein Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
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4
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Cohen DA, Puttock E, Montes M, Lopez K, Labisi T, Voorhees A, Arriola F, Robinson B, Hashmi S. An Affordable and Sustainable Thrifty-Like Meal Plan, FoodRx, That Meets the Recommended Dietary Allowances. J Urban Health 2024; 101:364-370. [PMID: 38512442 DOI: 10.1007/s11524-024-00843-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
There is considerable controversy as to whether a healthy diet is affordable given recent inflation. In order to determine whether a healthy, climate-friendly sustainable diet can be obtained within the allotments of the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), we created and purchased 26 weeks of meal plans designed to meet the EAT-Lancet sustainability guidelines and > 90% of the RDAs for 23 macro/micronutrients for households with at least 2 adults and 1-3 children. We compared the food quantities and cost of a healthy sustainable diet purchased in Los Angeles, 2023, to the Thrifty Food Plan, 2021. We compared the volume of food and cost of basic groceries to those recommended in the Thrifty Food Plan, 2021. The costs of the sustainable diet fell within the 2023 SNAP allotments as long as the average calories required per person did not exceed 2000. The volume of fruits, vegetables, legumes, nuts, and seeds were considerably higher for the sustainable diet compared to the Thrifty Food Plan. Given that calorie needs are the determinants of food quantity and costs, the USDA may consider offering supplemental coverage for individuals with higher calorie needs to make healthy eating affordable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah A Cohen
- Kaiser Permanente, Southern California, Research and Evaluation, 100 S Los Robles, Pasadena, CA, 91101, USA.
| | - Eric Puttock
- Kaiser Permanente, Southern California, Research and Evaluation, 100 S Los Robles, Pasadena, CA, 91101, USA
| | | | - Kelly Lopez
- Kaiser Permanente, Southern California, Research and Evaluation, 100 S Los Robles, Pasadena, CA, 91101, USA
| | - Titi Labisi
- Kaiser Permanente, Southern California, Research and Evaluation, 100 S Los Robles, Pasadena, CA, 91101, USA
| | - Allison Voorhees
- Kaiser Permanente, Southern California, Research and Evaluation, 100 S Los Robles, Pasadena, CA, 91101, USA
| | - Freddy Arriola
- Kaiser Permanente, Southern California, Research and Evaluation, 100 S Los Robles, Pasadena, CA, 91101, USA
| | - Brooke Robinson
- Kaiser Permanente, Southern California, Research and Evaluation, 100 S Los Robles, Pasadena, CA, 91101, USA
| | - Sean Hashmi
- Kaiser Permanente, Southern California Pasadena, CA, USA
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5
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Spear SE, Salcedo P, Graves SM, Xie H. Is that a treatment program? Examining the physical landscape of opioid treatment programs in Los Angeles. J Subst Use Addict Treat 2024; 159:209256. [PMID: 38072382 DOI: 10.1016/j.josat.2023.209256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Little attention has been paid to the built environment of outpatient opioid treatment programs, despite the need to increase access to medications for opioid use disorder, particularly among people of color. The aims of this study were to rate the attractiveness of publicly-funded opioid treatment programs (OTPs) in Los Angeles County and explore whether less attractive OTPs are found in disadvantaged neighborhoods. METHODS We conducted observations of the exteriors of all OTPs located in specialty substance use disorder treatment clinics in Los Angeles County in 2021 (N = 44). We created an attractiveness index based on attractiveness of the building exteriors and the surrounding grounds, the presence of disorder such as garbage and graffiti, and the presence of bars on the windows. We tested whether less attractive facilities were more likely to be situated in disadvantaged neighborhoods with high concentrations of racial/ethnic minorities. RESULTS Most building exteriors were found to have an ordinary level of attractiveness or rated as unattractive. The grounds were largely unattractive. We found a significant negative association between attractiveness and neighborhood disadvantage. CONCLUSION This project was a preliminary study of the physical conditions of OTPs in Los Angeles. We found was that the physical conditions of OTPs in LA County were generally poor. Research has identified many individual and structural barriers to treatment for people with opioid use disorders. Future research should empirically test the association between the built environment of treatment clinics and access to treatment, particularly in communities of color.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne E Spear
- Department of Health Sciences, California State University, Northridge, United States of America.
| | - Priscilla Salcedo
- Environmental Health and Safety Department, University of California Santa Barbara, United States of America
| | - Steven M Graves
- Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, California State University, Northridge, United States of America
| | - Hui Xie
- Department of Recreation and Tourism Management, California State University, Northridge, United States of America
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Jang Y, Park J, Park C, Wu S, Suarez-Durall P, Chung S, Kim MT. Intervention to promote preventive dental care for older Korean-American Medi-Cal enrollees in Los Angeles. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:332. [PMID: 38481227 PMCID: PMC10938649 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04113-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In California, preventive dental care is covered by Medi-Cal (California's Medicaid program). However, many beneficiaries do not use their dental benefits. Given that a lack of knowledge about oral health and insurance coverage contributes to this underutilization, promoting the use of dental benefits among eligible individuals via an educational program is imperative. Responding to the particular needs of older immigrants with limited English proficiency, we developed a digital oral health intervention for older Korean-American Medi-Cal enrollees in Los Angeles. This educational intervention is designed to be delivered via computers and the Internet. It consists of a 15-min self-running PowerPoint presentation narrated in Korean with links to additional information on the Internet. The slides contain information about the basic etiology of oral diseases, oral hygiene, common myths about oral health and dental care, Medi-Cal coverage of preventive dental care, and how to find a dental clinic. METHODS We pilot tested the intervention with 12 participants to examine its feasibility and acceptability. We also obtained participants' qualitative feedback about the intervention. RESULTS A post-intervention quantitative assessment yielded high participant satisfaction and improved oral health and dental care knowledge. Participant responses to the intervention yielded four themes: (1) content and structure, (2) linguistic and cultural aspects, (3) delivery mode, and (4) additional concerns and suggestions. CONCLUSIONS Our findings confirm the intervention's feasibility and acceptability and suggest further refinement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Jang
- Edward R. Roybal Institute On Aging, Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, 669 West 34th Street, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-0411, USA.
- Department of Social Welfare, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Juyoung Park
- Edward R. Roybal Institute On Aging, Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, 669 West 34th Street, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-0411, USA
| | - Chaeyoon Park
- Department of Social Welfare, Soongsil University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Shinyi Wu
- Edward R. Roybal Institute On Aging, Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, 669 West 34th Street, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-0411, USA
- Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Piedad Suarez-Durall
- Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Soondool Chung
- Department of Social Welfare, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Miyong T Kim
- School of Nursing, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, USA
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7
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Wadhwa A, Roscoe C, Duran EA, Kwan L, Haroldsen CL, Shelton JB, Cullen J, Knudsen BS, Rettig MB, Pyarajan S, Nickols NG, Maxwell KN, Yamoah K, Rose BS, Rebbeck TR, Iyer HS, Garraway IP. Neighborhood Deprivation, Race and Ethnicity, and Prostate Cancer Outcomes Across California Health Care Systems. JAMA Netw Open 2024; 7:e242852. [PMID: 38502125 PMCID: PMC10951732 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.2852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Importance Non-Hispanic Black (hereafter, Black) individuals experience worse prostate cancer outcomes due to socioeconomic and racial inequities of access to care. Few studies have empirically evaluated these disparities across different health care systems. Objective To describe the racial and ethnic and neighborhood socioeconomic status (nSES) disparities among residents of the same communities who receive prostate cancer care in the US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) health care system vs other settings. Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort study obtained data from the VA Central Cancer Registry for veterans with prostate cancer who received care within the VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System (VA cohort) and from the California Cancer Registry (CCR) for nonveterans who received care outside the VA setting (CCR cohort). The cohorts consisted of all males with incident prostate cancer who were living within the same US Census tracts. These individuals received care between 2000 and 2018 and were followed up until death from any cause or censoring on December 31, 2018. Data analyses were conducted between September 2022 and December 2023. Exposures Health care setting, self-identified race and ethnicity (SIRE), and nSES. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was all-cause mortality (ACM). Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios for associations of SIRE and nSES with prostate cancer outcomes in the VA and CCR cohorts. Results Included in the analysis were 49 461 males with prostate cancer. Of these, 1881 males were in the VA cohort (mean [SD] age, 65.3 [7.7] years; 833 Black individuals [44.3%], 694 non-Hispanic White [hereafter, White] individuals [36.9%], and 354 individuals [18.8%] of other or unknown race). A total of 47 580 individuals were in the CCR cohort (mean [SD] age, 67.0 [9.6] years; 8183 Black individuals [17.2%], 26 206 White individuals [55.1%], and 13 191 individuals [27.8%] of other or unknown race). In the VA cohort, there were no racial disparities observed for metastasis, ACM, or prostate cancer-specific mortality (PCSM). However, in the CCR cohort, the racial disparities were observed for metastasis (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 1.36; 95% CI, 1.22-1.52), ACM (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR], 1.13; 95% CI, 1.04-1.24), and PCSM (AHR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.05-1.25). Heterogeneity was observed for the racial disparity in ACM in the VA vs CCR cohorts (AHR, 0.90 [95% CI, 0.76-1.06] vs 1.13 [95% CI, 1.04-1.24]; P = .01). No evidence of nSES disparities was observed for any prostate cancer outcomes in the VA cohort. However, in the CCR cohort, heterogeneity was observed for nSES disparities with ACM (AHR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.80-0.84; P = .002) and PCSM (AHR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.82-0.89; P = .007). Conclusions and Relevance Results of this study suggest that racial and nSES disparities were wider among patients seeking care outside of the VA health care system. Health systems-related interventions that address access barriers may mitigate racial and socioeconomic disparities in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananta Wadhwa
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Care, Veterans Affairs (VA) Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California
| | - Charlotte Roscoe
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Elizabeth A. Duran
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego
- Center for Health Equity Education and Research, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Lorna Kwan
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Care, Veterans Affairs (VA) Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA (University of California, Los Angeles), Los Angeles
| | - Candace L. Haroldsen
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Care, Veterans Affairs (VA) Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City
- IDEAS Center (COIN), VA Salt Lake City Healthcare System, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Jeremy B. Shelton
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Care, Veterans Affairs (VA) Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jennifer Cullen
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Beatrice S. Knudsen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City
- IDEAS Center (COIN), VA Salt Lake City Healthcare System, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Mathew B. Rettig
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Care, Veterans Affairs (VA) Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA (University of California, Los Angeles), Los Angeles
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles
- UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles
| | | | - Nicholas G. Nickols
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Care, Veterans Affairs (VA) Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA (University of California, Los Angeles), Los Angeles
- UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles
| | - Kara N. Maxwell
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
- Department of Medicine, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Kosj Yamoah
- Department of Radiation Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
- James A. Haley Veterans Hospital, Tampa, Florida
| | - Brent S. Rose
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego
- Center for Health Equity Education and Research, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Timothy R. Rebbeck
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Hari S. Iyer
- Section of Cancer Epidemiology and Health Outcomes, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick
| | - Isla P. Garraway
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Care, Veterans Affairs (VA) Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA (University of California, Los Angeles), Los Angeles
- UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles
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Shapiro N, Keel T. Naturalizing unnatural death in Los Angeles County jails. Med Anthropol Q 2024; 38:6-23. [PMID: 37853528 PMCID: PMC10922010 DOI: 10.1111/maq.12819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
In this paper we use quantitative and qualitative methods to examine how death investigations in Los Angeles County jails disproportionately naturalize death among Black and Latino incarcerated people. Our study is based on an assessment of 58 autopsies, coroner investigator narratives, and toxicology reports produced between 2009 and 2018. We found that the Medical Examiner frequently arrived at natural or undetermined death determinations that minimized the culpability of carceral staff for loss of life that occurred within county jail. In our dataset, Black people were disproportionately classified as natural. Undetermined deaths were almost exclusively Latino. More than 75% of the cases in our study were deaths that occurred before standing trial. Our findings reveal how biomedical knowledge about incarcerated Black and Latino people is used to erase the life-diminishing effects of punishment, neglect, and maltreatment that are central to the project of mass incarceration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Shapiro
- Carceral Ecologies, Institute for Society and Genetics, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Terence Keel
- BioCritical Studies Lab, Department of African American Studies, Institute for Society and Genetics, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Carson SL, Cameron F, Lee D, Zúñiga D, Poole K, Jones A, Herman C, Ramirez M, Harlow S, Johnson J, Agonafer EP, Hong CS, Brown AF. A collaboration team to build social service partnerships within a safety-net health system. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:654. [PMID: 38429651 PMCID: PMC10905940 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18155-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To facilitate safety-net healthcare system partnerships with community social service providers, the Los Angeles County Department of Health Services (LAC DHS) created a new collaboration team to spur cross-agency social and medical referral networks and engage communities affected by health disparities as part of a Sect. 1115 Medicaid waiver in Los Angeles County entitled Whole Person Care-Los Angeles (WPC-LA). METHODS This observational research reviews three years of collaboration team implementation (2018-2020) through Medicaid-reportable engagement reports, a collaboration team qualitative survey on challenges, facilitators, and recommendations for community engagement. Member reflections for survey findings were conducted with the collaboration team and LAC DHS WPC-LA leadership. RESULTS Collaboration team Medicaid engagement reports (n = 144) reported > 2,700 events, reaching > 70,000 individuals through cross-agency and community-partnered meetings. The collaboration team survey (n = 9) and member reflection sessions portrayed engagement processes through outreach, service assessments, and facilitation of service partnerships. The collaboration team facilitated community engagement processes through countywide workgroups on justice-system diversion and African American infant and maternal health. Recommendations for future safety net health system engagement processes included assessing health system readiness for community engagement and identifying strategies to build mutually beneficial social service partnerships. CONCLUSIONS A dedicated collaboration team allowed for bi-directional knowledge exchange between county services, populations with lived experience, and social services, identifying service gaps and recommendations. Engagement with communities affected by health disparities resulted in health system policy recommendations and changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savanna L Carson
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Health Services Research, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, 1100 Glendon Ave, Suite 1100, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - Francesca Cameron
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Health Services Research, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, 1100 Glendon Ave, Suite 1100, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Diamond Lee
- Los Angeles County Department of Health Services, 711 Del Amo Blvd, Torrance, CA, 90502, USA
| | - Diana Zúñiga
- Los Angeles County Department of Health Services, 711 Del Amo Blvd, Torrance, CA, 90502, USA
- Tres Lunas Consulting, 1509 Stanley Ave. #302, Long Beach, 90804, USA
| | - Kelli Poole
- Los Angeles County Department of Health Services, 711 Del Amo Blvd, Torrance, CA, 90502, USA
| | - Adjoa Jones
- Los Angeles County Department of Health Services, 313 N Figueroa St, Los Angeles, CA, 90012, USA
| | - Cristina Herman
- Los Angeles County Department of Health Services, 711 Del Amo Blvd, Torrance, CA, 90502, USA
| | - Mayra Ramirez
- Los Angeles County Department of Health Services, 711 Del Amo Blvd, Torrance, CA, 90502, USA
| | - Simone Harlow
- Los Angeles County Department of Health Services, 711 Del Amo Blvd, Torrance, CA, 90502, USA
| | - Jeannette Johnson
- Los Angeles County Department of Health Services, 711 Del Amo Blvd, Torrance, CA, 90502, USA
| | - Etsemaye P Agonafer
- Department of Health System Science, Kaiser Permanente Bernard J. Tyson School of Medicine, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Clemens S Hong
- Los Angeles County Department of Health Services, 711 Del Amo Blvd, Torrance, CA, 90502, USA
| | - Arleen F Brown
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Health Services Research, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, 1100 Glendon Ave, Suite 1100, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
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Brown S, Barman-Adhikari A, Garcia K, Chassman S, Hsu HT, Petering R, Santa Maria D, Narendorf S, Shelton J, Bender K, Ferguson K. Substance use typologies among young people experiencing homelessness in seven cities across the United States: A latent class analysis. Addict Behav 2024; 150:107929. [PMID: 38056194 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2023.107929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Substance use and other health-risk risk factors, including mental health, trauma, and sexual-risk behaviors, often co-occur among youth experiencing homelessness (YEH). The present study aimed to identify subgroups of YEH based on polysubstance use and the linkages to sociodemographic and health-risk characteristics. METHODS From June 2016 to July 2017, 1,426 YEH (aged 18-26 years) were recruited from seven cities (Houston, Los Angeles, Denver, Phoenix, New York City, St. Louis, San Jose). Participants provided information via a self-administered electronic survey on substance use, mental health, trauma, sexual risk behaviors, and sociodemographic characteristics. The majority of YEH identified as Black (37.3%), cisgender (92.8%), and heterosexual (69.2%). On average, YEH were 20.9 years (SD = 2.1). This study employed latent class analysis (LCA) to identify subgroups of YEH according to their substance use. Multinomial logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify sociodemographic and health-risk characteristics associated with class-membership. RESULTS Four latent classes of YEH substance use were identified: (1) high polysubstance use; (2) moderate stimulant and high marijuana, alcohol, and prescription drug use; (3) high marijuana, alcohol, and prescription drug use; (4) low/moderate marijuana and alcohol use. Multinomial logistic regression models indicated that geographic location, gender, race/ethnicity, mental health, trauma history, and sexual risk behaviors were significant correlates of substance use class membership among YEH. CONCLUSIONS These findings offer important implications for the prevention and treatment of substance use among YEH. Screening protocols should consider co-occurring risk factors such as traumatic experiences, sexual risk behaviors, and mental health history as indicators of polysubstance use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Brown
- School of Social Work, Colorado State University, 450 W Pitkin St, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA.
| | - Anamika Barman-Adhikari
- Graduate School of Social Work, University of Denver, 2148 S. High St., Denver, CO 80208, USA.
| | - Kevin Garcia
- School of Social Work, Colorado State University, 450 W Pitkin St, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA
| | - Stephanie Chassman
- Graduate School of Social Work, University of Denver, 2148 S. High St., Denver, CO 80208, USA.
| | - Hsun-Ta Hsu
- School of Social Work, University of Missouri, 729 Clark Hall, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Robin Petering
- Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, 1150 South Olive Street, 1503-1, Los Angeles, CA 90015, USA
| | - Diane Santa Maria
- Department of Nursing Systems, Cizik School of Nursing, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6901 Bertner Ave., Ste. 591, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sarah Narendorf
- Graduate College of Social Work, University of Houston, 3511 Cullen Blvd. #110HA, Houston, TX 77204-4013, USA
| | - Jama Shelton
- Silberman School of Social Work at Hunter College, 2180 Third Ave., New York, NY 10035, USA
| | - Kimberly Bender
- Graduate School of Social Work, University of Denver, 2148 S. High St., Denver, CO 80208, USA.
| | - Kristin Ferguson
- School of Social Work, Arizona State University, 411 N. Central Ave., #865, Phoenix, AZ 85004-0689, USA
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11
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Douglas JA. Empowering Communities of Color for Environmental Health and Justice: The Stand Together Against Neighborhood Drilling in Los Angeles Case. Prev Chronic Dis 2024; 21:E13. [PMID: 38386628 PMCID: PMC10890355 DOI: 10.5888/pcd21.230248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jason A Douglas
- University of California, Irvine, Department of Health, Society, and Behavior and the Center for Environmental Health Disparities Research, Irvine, CA 92697
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12
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Mousavinezhad S, Choi Y, Khorshidian N, Ghahremanloo M, Momeni M. Air quality and health co-benefits of vehicle electrification and emission controls in the most populated United States urban hubs: Insights from New York, Los Angeles, Chicago, and Houston. Sci Total Environ 2024; 912:169577. [PMID: 38154628 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Transitioning to electric vehicles (EVs) is a prominent strategy for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. However, given the complexity of atmospheric chemistry, the nuanced implications on air quality are yet to be fully understood. Our study delved into changes in PM2.5, ozone, and their associated precursors in major US urban areas, considering various electrification and mitigation scenarios. In the full electrification (FullE) scenario, PM2.5 reduction peaked at values between 0.34 and 2.29 μg.m-3 across distinct regions. Yet, certain areas in eastern Los Angeles exhibited a surprising uptick in PM2.5, reaching as much as 0.67 μg.m-3. This phenomenon was linked to a surge in secondary organic aerosols (SOAs), resulting from shifting NOx/VOCs (volatile organic compounds) dynamics and a spike in hydroxyl radical (OH) concentrations. The FullE scenario ushered in marked reductions in both NOx and maximum daily average 8-h (MDA8) ozone concentrations, with maximum levels ranging from 14.00 to 32.34 ppb and 2.58-9.58 ppb, respectively. However, certain instances revealed growths in MDA8 ozone concentrations, underscoring the intricacies of air quality management. From a health perspective, in the FullE scenario, New York, Chicago, and Houston stand to potentially avert 796, 328, and 157 premature deaths/month, respectively. Los Angeles could prevent 104 premature deaths/month in the HighE-BL scenario, representing a 29 % EV share for light-duty vehicles. However, the FullE scenario led to a rise in mortality in Los Angeles due to increased PM2.5 and MDA8 ozone levels. Economically, the FullE scenario projects health benefits amounting to 51-249 million $/day for New York, Chicago, and Houston. In contrast, Los Angeles may face economic downturns of up to 18 million $/day. In conclusion, while EV integration has the potential to improve urban air quality, offering substantial health and economic advantages, challenges persist. Our results emphasize the pivotal role of VOCs management, providing policymakers with insights for adaptable and efficient measures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yunsoo Choi
- Department of Earth and Atemospheric Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Nima Khorshidian
- Department of Earth and Atemospheric Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Masoud Ghahremanloo
- Department of Earth and Atemospheric Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Mahmoudreza Momeni
- Department of Earth and Atemospheric Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
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13
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Wong E, Liu Y, Shier V, Datar A. Heterogeneity in COVID-19 vaccine uptake within low-income minority communities: evidence from the watts neighborhood health study. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:503. [PMID: 38365658 PMCID: PMC10873997 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-17968-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The literature on disparities in COVID-19 vaccine uptake focuses primarily on the differences between White versus non-White individuals or differences by socioeconomic status. Much less is known about disparities in vaccine uptake within low-income, minority communities and its correlates. METHODS This study investigates disparities in COVID-19 vaccination uptake within racial and ethnic minoritized communities with similar socioeconomic backgrounds and built environments, specifically focusing on Black-Hispanic disparities and disparities within the Hispanic community by country of origin. Data are analyzed from the fourth wave (June 2021- May 2022) of the Watts Neighborhood Health Study, a cohort study of public housing residents in south Los Angeles, CA. Linear probability models estimated the association between vaccine uptake and participants' race/ethnicity, sequentially adding controls for sociodemographic characteristics, health care access and insurance, prior infection, and attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccines. Differences in reasons for vaccination status by race/ethnicity were also tested. RESULTS Mexican Hispanic and non-Mexican Hispanic participants were 31% points (95% CI: 0.21, 0.41, p < 0.001) and 44% points (95% CI: 0.32, 0.56, p < 0.001) more likely to be vaccinated than non-Hispanic Black participants, respectively. The disparity between Black and Hispanic participants was reduced by about 40% after controlling for attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccines. Among Hispanic participants, non-Mexican participants were 13% points (95% CI: 0.03, 0.24, p = 0.01) more likely to be vaccinated than Mexican participants, however, these differences were no longer significant after controlling for individual and household characteristics (β = 0.04, 95% CI: -0.07, 0.15, p = 0.44). CONCLUSION There are sizeable racial and ethnic COVID-19 vaccination disparities even within low-income and minoritized communities. Accounting for this heterogeneity and its correlates can be critically important for public health efforts to ensure vaccine equity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Wong
- Center for Economic and Social Research, University of Southern California, 635 Downey Way, VPD, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Ying Liu
- Center for Economic and Social Research, University of Southern California, 635 Downey Way, VPD, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Victoria Shier
- Sol Price School of Public Policy, Schaeffer Center for Health Policy and Economics, University of Southern California, 635 Downey Way, VPD, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Ashlesha Datar
- Center for Economic and Social Research, University of Southern California, 635 Downey Way, VPD, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.
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14
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Brauer ER, Ganz PA. History and current status of the survivorship care program at the University of California, Los Angeles Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center (UCLA JCCC). J Cancer Surviv 2024; 18:5-10. [PMID: 38183578 DOI: 10.1007/s11764-023-01522-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
As one of the first comprehensive cancer centers to receive a designation from the National Cancer Institute, the Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center at UCLA Health has served as a leader in survivorship research for three decades. A clinical survivorship program for childhood cancer survivors was established in the early 2000s as this became a standard of care in pediatric oncology. However, it was not until receipt of external funding and the establishment of a Survivorship Center of Excellence in 2006 that clinical services were expanded to include adult cancer survivors, as well as survivorship care delivery research in the community and at affiliated clinical sites. When this funding ended, there was limited institutional support for expansion of the program, and so the clinical programs did not develop further. Recently, there has been renewed interest in obtaining Commission on Cancer accreditation, and this has prompted an institutional assessment of survivorship care to inform future activities for system-wide program development. As oncology care expands throughout a large regional health system network, the future survivorship program will need to serve as a common resource for the entire health system by providing a repository of specialized services and resources as well as standard processes and pathways for a cohesive approach to care. IMPLICATIONS FOR CANCER SURVIVORS: There are many challenges to development and sustainment of cancer survivorship programs, even in NCI-designated comprehensive cancers. As the delivery of cancer care services expands and becomes more integrated in large health care systems, innovative strategies are needed to ensure delivery of tailored care to cancer survivors through acute treatment and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eden R Brauer
- School of Nursing, UCLA, 4-234 Factor Building, Box 956900, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-6900, USA.
- Center for Cancer Control and Prevention Research Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Patricia A Ganz
- Center for Cancer Control and Prevention Research Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Fielding School of Public Health, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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15
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Winiker AK, Eschliman EL, Kisanga EP, Poku OB, Candelario J, Takahashi LM, Tobin K. Multilevel experiences of carceral violence in Los Angeles, California: first-hand accounts from a racially diverse sample of transgender women. Cult Health Sex 2024; 26:159-173. [PMID: 36995142 PMCID: PMC10731923 DOI: 10.1080/13691058.2023.2194353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Transgender women face a disproportionate burden of carceral violence, or violence related to policing and the criminal legal system, with transgender women of colour experiencing even greater disparities. Several frameworks conceptualise the mechanisms through which violence impacts transgender women. However, none of them directly explore the role of carceral violence, particularly as it is experienced by transgender women themselves. Sixteen in-depth interviews were conducted with a racially/ethnically diverse sample of transgender women in Los Angeles between May and July 2020. Participants were between 23 - 67 years old. Participants identified as Black (n = 4), Latina (n = 4), white (n = 2), Asian (n = 2), and Native American (n = 2). Interviews assessed experiences of multilevel violence, including from police and law enforcement. Deductive and inductive coding methods were used to identify and explore common themes concerning carceral violence. Experiences of law enforcement-perpetrated interpersonal violence were common and included physical, sexual and verbal abuse. Participants also highlighted structural violence, including misgendering, the non-acceptance of transgender identities, and police intentionally failing to uphold laws that could protect transgender women. These results demonstrate the pervasive, multilevel nature of carceral violence perpetrated against transgender women and suggest avenues for future framework development, trans-specific expansions of carceral theory, and system-wide institutional change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail K. Winiker
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Evan L. Eschliman
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Edwina P. Kisanga
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ohemaa B. Poku
- HIV Center for Clinical and Behavioral Studies, Division of Gender, Sexuality, and Health, Columbia University and New York Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Lois M. Takahashi
- Sol Price School of Public Policy, University of Southern California, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Karin Tobin
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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16
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Louie JS. Lessons from Carl M. Pearson 1919 - 1981. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 2024; 50:73-77. [PMID: 37973289 DOI: 10.1016/j.rdc.2023.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Carl M. Pearson was an energetic and exceptional physician-scholar-leader who founded, established, and broadened the Divisions of Rheumatology at University of California in Los Angeles (UCLA) beginning in 1956. His studies to induce myositis by injecting muscle saturated with the heat-killed tubercle bacillus, an emulsifier, and mineral oil (Freund's adjuvant) enabled his report that polyarthritis occurred with Freund's adjuvant alone in certain strains of rat and mice. This model of adjuvant arthritis allowed the next generation of studies to assess therapies for autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- James S Louie
- Rheumatology and Arthritis, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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17
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Astridge DJ, Peeling P, Goods PSR, Girard O, Watts SP, Dennis MC, Binnie MJ. Shifting the Energy Toward Los Angeles: Comparing the Energetic Contribution and Pacing Approach Between 2000- and 1500-m Maximal Ergometer Rowing. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2024; 19:133-141. [PMID: 38016454 DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2023-0216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the energetic contribution and pacing in 2000- and 1500-m maximal rowing-ergometer performances. METHODS On separate visits (>48 h apart, random order), 18 trained junior (16.7 [0.4] y) male rowers completed 3 trials: a 7 × 4-minute graded exercise test, a 2000-m time trial (TT2000), and a 1500-m TT (TT1500). Respiratory gases were continuously measured throughout each trial. The submaximal power-to-oxygen-consumption relationship from the graded exercise test was used to determine the accumulated oxygen deficit for each TT. Differences in mean power output (MPO), relative anaerobic contribution, percentage of peak oxygen uptake, pacing index, maximum heart rate, rating of perceived exertion, and blood lactate concentration were assessed using linear mixed modeling. RESULTS Compared to TT2000 (324 [24] W), MPO was 5.2% (3.3%) higher in TT1500 (341 [29 W]; P < .001, ηp2=.70). There was a 4.9% (3.3%) increase (P < .001, ηp2=.71) in anaerobic contribution from 17.3% (3.3%) (TT2000) to 22.2% (4.3%) (TT1500). Compared to TT1500, maximum heart rate, rating of perceived exertion, and blood lactate concentration were all greater (P < .05) in TT2000. The pacing index was not different between trials. Percentage increase in MPO from TT2000 to TT1500 was negatively associated with pacing variance in TT1500 (R2 = .269, P = .027). CONCLUSIONS Maximal ergometer performance over 1500 m requires a significantly greater anaerobic contribution compared with 2000 m. Junior male athletes adopt a consistent pacing strategy across both distances. However, those who experienced greater percentage increases in MPO over the shorter test adopted a more even pacing strategy. To prepare for 1500-m performance, greater emphasis should be placed on developing capacity for work in the severe domain and completing race simulations with a more even pacing strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Astridge
- School of Human Sciences (Sport and Exercise Sciences), University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
- Western Australian Institute of Sport, Mt Claremont, WA, Australia
| | - Peter Peeling
- School of Human Sciences (Sport and Exercise Sciences), University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
- Western Australian Institute of Sport, Mt Claremont, WA, Australia
| | - Paul S R Goods
- Western Australian Institute of Sport, Mt Claremont, WA, Australia
- Murdoch Applied Sports Science Laboratory, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Center for Healthy Aging, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Olivier Girard
- School of Human Sciences (Sport and Exercise Sciences), University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Sophie P Watts
- School of Human Sciences (Sport and Exercise Sciences), University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
- Western Australian Institute of Sport, Mt Claremont, WA, Australia
| | | | - Martyn J Binnie
- School of Human Sciences (Sport and Exercise Sciences), University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
- Western Australian Institute of Sport, Mt Claremont, WA, Australia
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18
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Roberts WN, Lew ER, Liang MH. Hal Holman of Stanford. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 2024; 50:133-146. [PMID: 37973281 DOI: 10.1016/j.rdc.2023.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Before age 35, Holman hit over 0.500 at the University of California Los Angeles (UCLA); was recruited by professional baseball; led the Association of Interns and Medical Students and the International Union of Students in Denmark; had his passport confiscated; was stripped of a prestigious internship; shadowed by the Federal Bureau of Investigation ; grilled before a Senate committee on subversive activities; made a major medical discovery; and was recruited to be the new Chief of Medicine at Stanford. Holman was involved in building a leading academic institution. He expanded what medical students and graduates learned and what they researched. Holman saw the collision course between the technological capacity to do more and the growing expectations of the public. Moreover, he anticipated the monetization of health care and how it would widen the gap between what we know and what we practice in health care. He reinvented himself in population health. In contrast to reductionist laboratory-based research, his work embraced complexity and made action researchable and research action-oriented. Some innovations did not survive as originally conceived, but their ethos became mainstream. These included evidence-based management, shared physician-patient decision-making, self-management, critical evaluation of medical technology and diagnostics, and chronic disease management. Through the rise of the twentieth century American biomedical medicine, medical education, and slow-motion health care delivery crises that still occur, Holman changed the debate in a time when the funding, the people, the technology, and the need made all things seem possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Neal Roberts
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, KY, USA.
| | - Edward R Lew
- Department of Political Science and Legal Studies, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 150 South Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02130, USA
| | - Matthew H Liang
- Rheumatology Section, Jamaica Plain VA Medical Center, 150 South Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02130, USA; Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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Venkateswaran V, Boulier K, Ding Y, Johnson R, Bhattacharya A, Pasaniuc B. Polygenic scores for tobacco use provide insights into systemic health risks in a diverse EHR-linked biobank in Los Angeles. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:38. [PMID: 38238290 PMCID: PMC10796315 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-02743-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Tobacco use is a major risk factor for many diseases and is heavily influenced by environmental factors with significant underlying genetic contributions. Here, we evaluated the predictive performance, risk stratification, and potential systemic health effects of tobacco use disorder (TUD) predisposing germline variants using a European- ancestry-derived polygenic score (PGS) in 24,202 participants from the multi-ancestry, hospital-based UCLA ATLAS biobank. Among genetically inferred ancestry groups (GIAs), TUD-PGS was significantly associated with TUD in European American (EA) (OR: 1.20, CI: [1.16, 1.24]), Hispanic/Latin American (HL) (OR:1.19, CI: [1.11, 1.28]), and East Asian American (EAA) (OR: 1.18, CI: [1.06, 1.31]) GIAs but not in African American (AA) GIA (OR: 1.04, CI: [0.93, 1.17]). Similarly, TUD-PGS offered strong risk stratification across PGS quantiles in EA and HL GIAs and inconsistently in EAA and AA GIAs. In a cross-ancestry phenome-wide association meta-analysis, TUD-PGS was associated with cardiometabolic, respiratory, and psychiatric phecodes (17 phecodes at P < 2.7E-05). In individuals with no history of smoking, the top TUD-PGS associations with obesity and alcohol-related disorders (P = 3.54E-07, 1.61E-06) persist. Mendelian Randomization (MR) analysis provides evidence of a causal association between adiposity measures and tobacco use. Inconsistent predictive performance of the TUD-PGS across GIAs motivates the inclusion of multiple ancestry populations at all levels of genetic research of tobacco use for equitable clinical translation of TUD-PGS. Phenome associations suggest that TUD-predisposed individuals may require comprehensive tobacco use prevention and management approaches to address underlying addictive tendencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidhya Venkateswaran
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
- Office of the Director and National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Kristin Boulier
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Yi Ding
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Ruth Johnson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Arjun Bhattacharya
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Institute for Data Science in Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Bogdan Pasaniuc
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Computational Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Institute of Precision Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
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20
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Smiley SL, Shin H. Motivation to Quit Smoking Among Black Adults Residing in Los Angeles County Communities With Menthol Cigarette Sales Restrictions. Subst Use Misuse 2024; 59:727-731. [PMID: 38226661 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2023.2294984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Background: Research is needed to identify the determinants of motivation to quit smoking among non-Hispanic Black (NHB) adults who smoke menthol cigarettes and reside in communities covered by menthol cigarette bans. Objectives: This study examined the associations between motivation to quit smoking and a range of individual-level predictors, including measures of demographics, harm/risk perception of menthol cigarettes, and awareness of a ban on menthol cigarettes in Los Angeles County unincorporated communities. Self-identified NHB adults who currently smoke menthol cigarettes (N=50; M=47.2 years; SD=13.7; 46% female) were recruited in Los Angeles County unincorporated communities. Participants completed an interviewer-administered cross-sectional survey between January to September 2021. Results: Participants (74%) reported an annual household income of less than $25,000. Participants' mean age at cigarette initiation was 15.7 years old (SD=5.68). Most (88%) were aware of the ordinance banning menthol cigarette sales. Employing multivariable linear regression analysis, harm/risk perception of menthol cigarettes (B=14.69, p<0.01) and awareness of the local menthol ban (B=26.18, p<0.05) were found to be independently associated with motivation to quit smoking. Conclusions: Findings from this community-based sample suggest that among NHB adults who smoke menthol cigarettes, motivation to quit smoking is influenced by their perception of menthol cigarettes as harmful and awareness of local policy banning the sale of menthol cigarettes. Findings underscore the need for community-centered and culturally grounded interventions to facilitate quitting among NHB adults who smoke in order for communities covered by menthol bans to achieve health equity in reducing preventable racial inequities due to menthol cigarettes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina L Smiley
- Division of Health Promotion and Behavioral Science, School of Public Health, College of Health and Human Services, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Heesung Shin
- Division of Health Promotion and Behavioral Science, School of Public Health, College of Health and Human Services, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
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21
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Lewthwaite JMM, Baiotto TM, Brown BV, Cheung YY, Baker AJ, Lehnen C, McGlynn TP, Shirey V, Gonzalez L, Hartop E, Kerr PH, Wood E, Guzman LM. Drivers of arthropod biodiversity in an urban ecosystem. Sci Rep 2024; 14:390. [PMID: 38172148 PMCID: PMC10764344 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50675-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Our world is becoming increasingly urbanized with a growing human population concentrated around cities. The expansion of urban areas has important consequences for biodiversity, yet the abiotic drivers of biodiversity in urban ecosystems have not been well characterized for the most diverse group of animals on the planet, arthropods. Given their great diversity, comparatively small home ranges, and ability to disperse, arthropods make an excellent model for studying which factors can most accurately predict urban biodiversity. We assessed the effects of (i) topography (distance to natural areas and to ocean) (ii) abiotic factors (mean annual temperature and diurnal range), and (iii) anthropogenic drivers (land value and amount of impervious surface) on the occurrence of six arthropod groups represented in Malaise trap collections run by the BioSCAN project across the Greater Los Angeles Area. We found striking heterogeneity in responses to all factors both within and between taxonomic groups. Diurnal temperature range had a consistently negative effect on occupancy but this effect was only significant in Phoridae. Anthropogenic drivers had mixed though mostly insignificant effects, as some groups and species were most diverse in highly urbanized areas, while other groups showed suppressed diversity. Only Phoridae was significantly affected by land value, where most species were more likely to occur in areas with lower land value. Los Angeles can support high regional arthropod diversity, but spatial community composition is highly dependent on the taxonomic group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayme M M Lewthwaite
- Marine and Environmental Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, 90089, USA
| | - Teagan M Baiotto
- Marine and Environmental Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, 90089, USA
| | - Brian V Brown
- Department of Entomology, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Los Angeles, 90007, USA
| | - Yan Yin Cheung
- Marine and Environmental Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, 90089, USA
| | - Austin J Baker
- Marine and Environmental Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, 90089, USA
- Department of Entomology, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Los Angeles, 90007, USA
| | - Charles Lehnen
- Marine and Environmental Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, 90089, USA
- Human Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, 90089, USA
| | - Terrence P McGlynn
- Department of Entomology, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Los Angeles, 90007, USA
- Department of Biology, California State University Dominguez Hills, Carson, 90747, USA
| | - Vaughn Shirey
- Marine and Environmental Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, 90089, USA
- Department of Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Lisa Gonzalez
- Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Los Angeles, 90007, USA
| | - Emily Hartop
- Center for Integrative Biodiversity Discovery, Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter H Kerr
- California State Collection of Arthropods, CDFA Plant Pest Diagnostics Center, Sacramento, CA, 95832, USA
| | - Eric Wood
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University Los Angeles, 5151 State University Drive, Los Angeles, 90032, USA
| | - Laura Melissa Guzman
- Marine and Environmental Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, 90089, USA.
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22
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Stanimirova I, Rich DQ, Russell AG, Hopke PK. Common and distinct pollution sources identified from ambient PM 2.5 concentrations in two sites of Los Angeles Basin from 2005 to 2019. Environ Pollut 2024; 340:122817. [PMID: 37913979 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
The effects of air quality control policies implemented in California from 2005 to 2019 targeting sources contributing to ambient PM2.5 concentrations, were assessed at two sampling sites in the Los Angeles Basin (N. Main Street and Rubidoux). The spatial and temporal variations of pollution source contributions obtained from dispersion-normalized positive matrix factorization, (DN-PMF) were interpreted with respect to site specific locations. Secondary nitrate and secondary sulfate were the major contributors to the ambient PM2.5 mass concentrations at both sites with substantial concentration decreases after 2008 that were likely due to the implementation of California specific programs including stricter NOx emissions control on motor vehicles. Biomass burning emissions also decreased over the study period at both sampling sites except for one event in December 2005 when strong winter storms and multiple floods led to unusually low atmospheric temperatures and likely increased residential wood burning. The large number of wildfires, trans-Pacific transport of mineral dust and regional dust transported by strong Santa Ana winds and agriculturally generated dust in Rubidoux contributed to poor air quality. Severe storms and devastating wildfires were also linked to the elevated pyrolyzed organic carbon (OP-rich) concentrations. The two distinct region-specific sources, describing fuel combustion in LA, were "residual oil" and "traffic", while separate "gasoline" and "diesel" vehicles sources were identified in Rubidoux. California emissions standards program which required replacement of conventional cars with electric or hybrid vehicles and standards for gasoline and diesel fuels, led to lower "traffic" contributions. Gasoline vehicle emissions after 2017 in Rubidoux also decreased. "Diesel" concentrations declined between 2007 and 2011 because of the recession from late 2007 to early 2009 and the Federal Heavy-Duty Diesel Rule.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Stanimirova
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, 40-006, Poland; Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
| | - David Q Rich
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Armistead G Russell
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - P K Hopke
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA; Institute for Sustainable Environment, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, 13699, USA
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23
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Gedestad I, Munnangi M, Chamberlain A, Shabaik S, Xandre P, Kakaiya R, Nelson AL. Five years later: Can women in Los Angeles County, California, get adequate pill supplies? Contraception 2024; 129:110294. [PMID: 37739303 DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2023.110294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study sought to determine if pharmacies in Los Angeles County had implemented 2017 legislation requiring insurance companies based in California to fully reimburse for 13 cycles of oral contraceptives dispensed at once. STUDY DESIGN We conducted a secret shopper telephone survey of Los Angeles County pharmacies nearly 5 years after the legislation went into effect. We chose the categorical state family program (Family PACT) to represent all programs covered by the legislation. Representative numbers of pharmacies were randomly selected in each of Los Angeles County's eight service planning areas in proportion to the number of women living in each area. We asked pharmacies if they would fill a prescription for a year's supply of contraception all at once for a patient enrolled in Family PACT. RESULTS We contacted a total of 582 pharmacies and excluded the 150 unresponsive pharmacies. Of the 432 pharmacies contacted, only 3.2% said they would dispense a 1-year supply of pills at once to a patient enrolled in this representative program. Nearly 50% explicitly said they would not dispense 13 cycles at one time regardless of the prescription. CONCLUSIONS Only 3.2% of surveyed pharmacies in Los Angeles County said they would comply with current legislation, which requires dispensing 1-year supply of pills at once. IMPLICATIONS Collaboration among physicians, pharmacies, and patients along with enhanced insurance company oversight will be needed to improve dispensing practices to achieve the lower unintended pregnancy rates associated with providing adequate contraceptive supplies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilish Gedestad
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States
| | - Meghana Munnangi
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States
| | - Abigail Chamberlain
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States
| | - Salma Shabaik
- Department of Family Medicine, Rahma Health, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Pamela Xandre
- Department of Family Practice, School of Nursing, California State University, Long Beach, CA, United States
| | - Roshni Kakaiya
- Department of Family Medicine, Scripps Chula Vista Family Medicine Residency, Chula Vista, CA, United States
| | - Anita L Nelson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States.
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24
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Warren J, Wilhelm K, Gupta P, Kazan C. Use of i-Gel Supraglottic Airway in a Simulated Cardiac Arrest Resuscitation During Boat Rescue Transport by Los Angeles County Fire Lifeguard Division: A Proof-of-Concept Study. Air Med J 2024; 43:34-36. [PMID: 38154837 DOI: 10.1016/j.amj.2023.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The Los Angeles County Fire Department Lifeguard Division responds to water rescues and medical and dive emergencies across 72 miles of Southern California coastline and Catalina Island. Limited advanced life support resources make cardiac arrest resuscitations logistically challenging during transport to shore or the hyperbaric chamber. This proof-of-concept study looked to determine if an i-Gel (Intersurgical Complete Respiratory Systems, Wokingham, Berkshire, UK) supraglottic airway device would either become dislodged or compromise ventilations during prolonged resuscitation at high speeds over open water with an ongoing automatic chest compression device (ACCD). METHODS A simulated resuscitation was performed on the Los Angeles County Lifeguard rescue boat while underway at speeds up to 25 knots. A LUCAS ACCD (Jolife AB, Ideon Science Park, Lund, Sweden) and a size 3 i-Gel were used. The volume of ventilations and depth of compressions were continuously monitored using the AmbuMan Advanced manikin (Ambu, Ballerup, Denmark). RESULTS The i-Gel supraglottic airway device delivered appropriate ventilations measuring between 300 and 400 mL/breath when delivered on the upstroke of compression. The i-Gel did not dislodge during transport. CONCLUSION The i-Gel supraglottic airway device appears to provide adequate ventilations without dislodgment during ongoing compressions with an ACCD during high-speed water transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Warren
- Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Torrance, CA.
| | - Kelsey Wilhelm
- Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Torrance, CA; Los Angeles County EMS Agency, Santa Fe Springs, CA; Compton City Fire Department, Compton, CA
| | - Puneet Gupta
- Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Torrance, CA; Los Angeles County Fire Department, Los Angeles, CA
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25
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Moon KJ, Montiel GI, Vazquez R, Rodriguez D, Nawaz S. Microentrepreneurs in Public Health Promotion: Implementation of a Street Vendor-Led COVID-19 Recovery Initiative in Los Angeles, California. Am J Public Health 2024; 114:S78-S81. [PMID: 38207265 PMCID: PMC10785173 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2023.307453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated long-standing inequities, galvanizing new investments and community feedback to improve recovery programs. This implementation evaluation offers descriptive evidence of the feasibility of engaging street vendors to (1) facilitate linkage to services for undocumented Latinx communities, (2) strengthen health promotion by gathering community feedback, and (3) enhance economic opportunity by recognizing and addressing systemic challenges in which vendors operate. Future work should assess the effectiveness of mobilizing existing community messengers around entrenched social determinants of health. (Am J Public Health. 2024;114(S1):S78-S81. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2023.307453).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle J Moon
- Kyle J. Moon and Saira Nawaz are with the Center for Health Outcomes and Policy Evaluation Studies, Ohio State University College of Public Health, Columbus. Gloria Itzel Montiel is with Community Organizing and Research Engagement, AltaMed Institute for Health Equity, Los Angeles, CA, and Claremont Graduate University, Claremont, CA. Rosa Vazquez and Destinee Rodriguez are with Community Organizing and Research Engagement, AltaMed Institute for Health Equity
| | - Gloria Itzel Montiel
- Kyle J. Moon and Saira Nawaz are with the Center for Health Outcomes and Policy Evaluation Studies, Ohio State University College of Public Health, Columbus. Gloria Itzel Montiel is with Community Organizing and Research Engagement, AltaMed Institute for Health Equity, Los Angeles, CA, and Claremont Graduate University, Claremont, CA. Rosa Vazquez and Destinee Rodriguez are with Community Organizing and Research Engagement, AltaMed Institute for Health Equity
| | - Rosa Vazquez
- Kyle J. Moon and Saira Nawaz are with the Center for Health Outcomes and Policy Evaluation Studies, Ohio State University College of Public Health, Columbus. Gloria Itzel Montiel is with Community Organizing and Research Engagement, AltaMed Institute for Health Equity, Los Angeles, CA, and Claremont Graduate University, Claremont, CA. Rosa Vazquez and Destinee Rodriguez are with Community Organizing and Research Engagement, AltaMed Institute for Health Equity
| | - Destinee Rodriguez
- Kyle J. Moon and Saira Nawaz are with the Center for Health Outcomes and Policy Evaluation Studies, Ohio State University College of Public Health, Columbus. Gloria Itzel Montiel is with Community Organizing and Research Engagement, AltaMed Institute for Health Equity, Los Angeles, CA, and Claremont Graduate University, Claremont, CA. Rosa Vazquez and Destinee Rodriguez are with Community Organizing and Research Engagement, AltaMed Institute for Health Equity
| | - Saira Nawaz
- Kyle J. Moon and Saira Nawaz are with the Center for Health Outcomes and Policy Evaluation Studies, Ohio State University College of Public Health, Columbus. Gloria Itzel Montiel is with Community Organizing and Research Engagement, AltaMed Institute for Health Equity, Los Angeles, CA, and Claremont Graduate University, Claremont, CA. Rosa Vazquez and Destinee Rodriguez are with Community Organizing and Research Engagement, AltaMed Institute for Health Equity
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26
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Villagómez-Vélez SI, Noreña-Barroso E, Galván-Magaña F, González-Armas R, Rodríguez-Fuentes G, Marmolejo-Rodríguez AJ. Persistent Organic Pollutants in Whale Shark (Rhincodon typus) Skin Biopsies from Bahía de Los Ángeles, Mexico. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2023; 112:18. [PMID: 38141110 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-023-03841-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
The whale shark (Rhincodon typus) is a filter-feeding organism that can be considered a sentinel species, and Bahía de los Ángeles (BLA) in the Gulf of California is an important sighting site for these elasmobranchs. This filter-feeding organism can be considered a pollutant sampler from the marine environment. Persistent organic pollutants are toxic compounds with high mobility and environmental persistence, bioaccumulation and trophic transfer. Among these are polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs). The present work aimed to determine concentrations of PAHs and OCPs in whale shark skin biopsies, collected in 2021 at BLA. Mean detected levels of PAHs and OCPs were 279.4 ng/g dw (dry weight) and 1478.1 ng/g dw, respectively. Analysis of similarities between the ordered sizes (4.2-7.6 m) and the concentrations of PAHs and OCPs indicated no significant differences. Individual PAHs detected indicate pyrogenic and petrogenic sources; the presence of pesticides at levels higher than those of hydrocarbons may be related to agricultural activity in the areas surrounding the Baja California peninsula. This study is the first report of PAH levels in R. typus for the Gulf of California and Mexico.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Itzel Villagómez-Vélez
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional S/N, 23096, La Paz, Baja California Sur, México
| | - Elsa Noreña-Barroso
- Unidad de Química en Sisal, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Puerto de Abrigo S/N, 97356, Sisal, Yucatán, México.
- Laboratorio Nacional de Resiliencia Costera (LANRESC), Puerto de Abrigo S/N, 97356, Sisal, Yucatán, México.
| | - Felipe Galván-Magaña
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional S/N, 23096, La Paz, Baja California Sur, México
| | - Rogelio González-Armas
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional S/N, 23096, La Paz, Baja California Sur, México
| | - Gabriela Rodríguez-Fuentes
- Unidad de Química en Sisal, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Puerto de Abrigo S/N, 97356, Sisal, Yucatán, México
| | - Ana Judith Marmolejo-Rodríguez
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional S/N, 23096, La Paz, Baja California Sur, México
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27
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Yu K, Li M, Harkins C, He J, Zhu Q, Verreyken B, Schwantes RH, Cohen RC, McDonald BC, Harley RA. Improved Spatial Resolution in Modeling of Nitrogen Oxide Concentrations in the Los Angeles Basin. Environ Sci Technol 2023; 57:20689-20698. [PMID: 38033264 PMCID: PMC10720381 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c06158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
The extent to which emission control technologies and policies have reduced anthropogenic NOx emissions from motor vehicles is large but uncertain. We evaluate a fuel-based emission inventory for southern California during the June 2021 period, coinciding with the Re-Evaluating the Chemistry of Air Pollutants in CAlifornia (RECAP-CA) field campaign. A modified version of the Fuel-based Inventory of Vehicle Emissions (FIVE) is presented, incorporating 1.3 km resolution gridding and a new light-/medium-duty diesel vehicle category. NOx concentrations and weekday-weekend differences were predicted using the WRF-Chem model and evaluated using satellite and aircraft observations. Model performance was similar on weekdays and weekends, indicating appropriate day-of-week scaling of NOx emissions and a reasonable distribution of emissions by sector. Large observed weekend decreases in NOx are mainly due to changes in on-road vehicle emissions. The inventory presented in this study suggests that on-road vehicles were responsible for 55-72% of the NOx emissions in the South Coast Air Basin, compared to the corresponding fraction (43%) in the planning inventory from the South Coast Air Quality Management District. This fuel-based inventory suggests on-road NOx emissions that are 1.5 ± 0.4, 2.8 ± 0.6, and 1.3 ± 0.7 times the reference EMFAC model estimates for on-road gasoline, light- and medium-duty diesel, and heavy-duty diesel, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katelyn
A. Yu
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Chemical
Sciences Laboratory, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratories, Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States
| | - Meng Li
- Chemical
Sciences Laboratory, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratories, Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States
- Cooperative
Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Colin Harkins
- Chemical
Sciences Laboratory, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratories, Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States
- Cooperative
Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Jian He
- Chemical
Sciences Laboratory, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratories, Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States
- Cooperative
Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Qindan Zhu
- Chemical
Sciences Laboratory, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratories, Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California,
Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Bert Verreyken
- Chemical
Sciences Laboratory, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratories, Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States
| | - Rebecca H. Schwantes
- Chemical
Sciences Laboratory, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratories, Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States
| | - Ronald C. Cohen
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California,
Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Brian C. McDonald
- Chemical
Sciences Laboratory, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratories, Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States
| | - Robert A. Harley
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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28
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Zhang B, Lehnert KA, Rubin AE, McKeegan KD, Warren PH, Mays JL, Profeta LR, Johansson AK, Ni P, Young ED, Kyte FT, Liu MC, Dunham ET, Tang H, Ji P, Figueroa-Salazar JD. The UCLA Cosmochemistry Database. Sci Data 2023; 10:874. [PMID: 38062064 PMCID: PMC10703800 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-023-02807-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The UCLA Cosmochemistry Database was initiated as part of a data-rescue and -storage project aimed at archiving a variety of cosmochemical data acquired at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA). The data collection includes elemental compositions of extraterrestrial materials analyzed by UCLA cosmochemists over the last five decades. The analytical techniques include atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) and neutron activation analysis (NAA) at UCLA. The data collection is stored on the Astromaterials Data System (Astromat). We provide both interactive tables and downloadable datasheets for users to access all data. The UCLA Cosmochemistry Database archives cosmochemical data that are essential tools for increasing our understanding of the nature and origin of extraterrestrial materials. Future studies can reference the data collection in the examination, analysis, and classification of newly acquired extraterrestrial samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bidong Zhang
- Department of Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1567, USA.
| | - Kerstin A Lehnert
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, NY, 10964, USA
| | - Alan E Rubin
- Department of Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1567, USA
- Maine Mineral & Gem Museum, 99 Main Street, P.O. Box 500, Bethel, ME, 04217, USA
| | - Kevin D McKeegan
- Department of Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1567, USA
| | - Paul H Warren
- Department of Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1567, USA
| | - Jennifer L Mays
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, NY, 10964, USA
| | - Lucia R Profeta
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, NY, 10964, USA
| | - Annika K Johansson
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, NY, 10964, USA
| | - Peng Ni
- Department of Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1567, USA
| | - Edward D Young
- Department of Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1567, USA
| | - Frank T Kyte
- Department of Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1567, USA
| | - Ming-Chang Liu
- Department of Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1567, USA
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA
| | - Emilie T Dunham
- Department of Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1567, USA
| | - Haolan Tang
- Department of Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1567, USA
- School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Peng Ji
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, NY, 10964, USA
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29
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Nannenga BL, Gonen T. The 2023 Structural Biology Summit at UCLA. Structure 2023; 31:1485-1486. [PMID: 37591241 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2023.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
In early 2023, the first Structural Biology Summit was held at the University of California, Los Angeles, which focused specifically on methods developments within the field of structural biology. This meeting report summarizes the 2023 Structural Biology summit and describes the main topics discussed during the meeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brent L Nannenga
- Chemical Engineering, School for Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA; Center for Applied Structural Discovery, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA.
| | - Tamir Gonen
- Departments of Biological Chemistry and Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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30
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Oh DL, Meltzer D, Wang K, Canchola AJ, DeRouen MC, McDaniels-Davidson C, Gibbons J, Carvajal-Carmona L, Nodora JN, Hill L, Gomez SL, Martinez ME. Neighborhood Factors Associated with COVID-19 Cases in California. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2023; 10:2653-2662. [PMID: 36376642 PMCID: PMC9662780 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-022-01443-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a need to assess neighborhood-level factors driving COVID-19 disparities across racial and ethnic groups. OBJECTIVE To use census tract-level data to investigate neighborhood-level factors contributing to racial and ethnic group-specific COVID-19 case rates in California. DESIGN Quasi-Poisson generalized linear models were used to identify neighborhood-level factors associated with COVID-19 cases. In separate sequential models for Hispanic, Black, and Asian, we characterized the associations between neighborhood factors on neighborhood COVID-19 cases. Subanalyses were conducted on neighborhoods with majority Hispanic, Black, and Asian residents to identify factors that might be unique to these neighborhoods. Geographically weighted regression using a quasi-Poisson model was conducted to identify regional differences. MAIN MEASURES All COVID-19 cases and tests reported through January 31, 2021, to the California Department of Public Health. Neighborhood-level data from census tracts were obtained from American Community Survey 5-year estimates (2015-2019), United States Census (2010), and United States Department of Housing and Urban Development. KEY RESULTS The neighborhood factors associated with COVID-19 case rate were racial and ethnic composition, age, limited English proficiency (LEP), income, household size, and population density. LEP had the largest influence on the positive association between proportion of Hispanic residents and COVID-19 cases (- 2.1% change). This was also true for proportion of Asian residents (- 1.8% change), but not for the proportion of Black residents (- 0.1% change). The influence of LEP was strongest in areas of the Bay Area, Los Angeles, and San Diego. CONCLUSION Neighborhood-level contextual drivers of COVID-19 burden differ across racial and ethnic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora L Oh
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, 550 16th Street, 2nd Floor, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.
| | - Dan Meltzer
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, 550 16th Street, 2nd Floor, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Katarina Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, 550 16th Street, 2nd Floor, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Alison J Canchola
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, 550 16th Street, 2nd Floor, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Mindy C DeRouen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, 550 16th Street, 2nd Floor, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Corinne McDaniels-Davidson
- School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Joseph Gibbons
- Department of Sociology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Luis Carvajal-Carmona
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Jesse N Nodora
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Linda Hill
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Scarlett Lin Gomez
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, 550 16th Street, 2nd Floor, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
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31
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Nagata S, McCormick B, Brusilovskiy E, Townley G, Salzer MS. Disparities in severe loneliness between adults with and without a serious mental illness. Psychiatr Rehabil J 2023; 46:368-372. [PMID: 37956063 DOI: 10.1037/prj0000591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Severe loneliness infrequently occurs in the general population but has very significant impacts on health and quality of life. This study examined the extent to which severe loneliness is experienced by adults with serious mental illnesses (SMIs) relative to adults in the general population and its possible implications for psychiatric rehabilitation services. METHOD Data were gathered from samples of individuals with SMI (N = 231) and a general community sample of adults (N = 300) using the University of California, Los Angeles Loneliness Scale. RESULTS The results indicate that loneliness was much greater among those with SMI than the general adult population sample (Cohen's d = 1.220) and approximately 41% of the participants with SMI were "severely lonely" versus 7.3% of the non-SMI adult sample. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Severe loneliness is extremely common among individuals with SMI. Psychiatric rehabilitation services that focus on socialization and mattering are needed to address this significant public health issue. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bryan McCormick
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Temple University
| | | | - Greg Townley
- Department of Psychology, Portland State University
| | - Mark S Salzer
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Temple University
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32
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Santiago S, Yahalom J, Ames D, Kopacz MS, Weinreich HM, Erickson Z, Sakhno S, Van Hoof T, Hamilton AB, Koenig HG, Yarns BC. Faith-Based Organizations' Support of Veteran Congregants at Risk for Mental Health Conditions and Suicide: A Qualitative Study of Clergy Experiences in Los Angeles County. J Relig Health 2023; 62:3874-3886. [PMID: 37707768 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-023-01912-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Faith-based organizations (FBOs) are often "gatekeepers" to mental health care for congregants at risk of mental illness and suicide, especially U.S. military Veterans, but data to inform better collaboration are needed. We conducted focus groups with clergy in Los Angeles County to understand the mental health support FBOs provide and barriers to collaboration with the mental healthcare system. Clergy detailed strategies used to support the mental health of Veteran congregants. Barriers included stigma, limits in clergy training, and incomplete knowledge about community and VA mental health resources. Results suggest strategies to improve collaboration between FBOs and the mental healthcare system in Los Angeles County.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Santiago
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan Yahalom
- Department of Mental Health, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, 11301 Wilshire Blvd, Mail Code 116AE, Bldg. 401, Rm. A236, Los Angeles, CA, 90073, USA
- Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- HSR&D Center for the Study of Healthcare Innovation, Implementation and Policy (CSHIIP), VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Donna Ames
- Department of Mental Health, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, 11301 Wilshire Blvd, Mail Code 116AE, Bldg. 401, Rm. A236, Los Angeles, CA, 90073, USA
- Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Heidi M Weinreich
- Department of Social Work, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Zachary Erickson
- Department of Mental Health, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, 11301 Wilshire Blvd, Mail Code 116AE, Bldg. 401, Rm. A236, Los Angeles, CA, 90073, USA
| | - Sergii Sakhno
- Department of Mental Health, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, 11301 Wilshire Blvd, Mail Code 116AE, Bldg. 401, Rm. A236, Los Angeles, CA, 90073, USA
| | - Therese Van Hoof
- Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alison B Hamilton
- Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- HSR&D Center for the Study of Healthcare Innovation, Implementation and Policy (CSHIIP), VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Harold G Koenig
- Departments of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences and Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Brandon C Yarns
- Department of Mental Health, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, 11301 Wilshire Blvd, Mail Code 116AE, Bldg. 401, Rm. A236, Los Angeles, CA, 90073, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- HSR&D Center for the Study of Healthcare Innovation, Implementation and Policy (CSHIIP), VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Stroink A. THE 2023 PRESIDENTAL ADDRESS. Celebrating advocacy: neurosurgeons as advocates. J Neurosurg 2023; 139:1499-1505. [PMID: 38039545 DOI: 10.3171/2023.9.jns231938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
The central focus of the 2023 annual gathering of the American Association of Neurological Surgeons in Los Angeles revolved around the concept of neurosurgeons as advocates. Beyond their roles in clinical practice and patient care, neurosurgeons frequently unite in their commitment to advocacy. This shared dedication empowers them to thrive in areas such as innovation, teaching, advanced research, and comprehensive training to shape the future of the neurosurgical field. The substantial outcome of this approach is the establishment of an environment dedicated to delivering the utmost quality of care to neurosurgery patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Stroink
- Department of Neurosurgery, Carle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Champaign
- 2Carle Bromenn Neuroscience Institute, Normal, Illinois
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Bahder BW, Echavarria MAZ, Barrantes EAB, Helmick EE, Kunz G, Bartlett CR. A new species of planthopper in the genus Anotia (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Derbidae) from the Los Angeles cloud forest in Costa Rica. Zootaxa 2023; 5380:184-194. [PMID: 38220784 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5380.2.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Recent survey work in Costa Rica has resulted in the discovery of new species of derbid and cixiid planthoppers associated with palms. During this survey, one species belonging to the genus Anotia has been discovered and described, A. firebugia. A second species was collected while sweeping trailside vegetation in the Los Angeles cloud forest in Costa Rica and determined to represent a new species of Anotia. Herein, Anotia cerebro sp. n. is described and supplemental molecular data for the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI), 18S rRNA gene and D9-D10 expansion region of the 28S rRNA gene are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian W Bahder
- University of Florida; Department of Entomology and NematologyFort Lauderdale Research and Education Center; 3205 College Ave.; Davie; FL 33314-7719; USA.
| | - Marco A Zumbado Echavarria
- Universidad de Costa RicaSede San Ramn; Departamento de Ciencias Naturales; de la Iglesia el Tremedal 400 mts al Oeste carretera hacia San Pedro; San Ramn; Alajuela; Costa Rica.
| | - Edwin A Barrantes Barrantes
- Universidad de Costa RicaSede San Ramn; Departamento de Ciencias Naturales; de la Iglesia el Tremedal 400 mts al Oeste carretera hacia San Pedro; San Ramn; Alajuela; Costa Rica.
| | - Ericka E Helmick
- University of Florida; Department of Entomology and NematologyFort Lauderdale Research and Education Center; 3205 College Ave.; Davie; FL 33314-7719; USA.
| | - Gernot Kunz
- Karl-Franzens-Universitt; Universittsplatz 2; Zoologie; 8010 Graz; Austria.
| | - Charles R Bartlett
- University of Delaware; Department of Entomology and Wildlife Ecology; 250 Townsend Hall; Newark; DE 19716-2160; USA.
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35
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Berberian AG, Rempel J, Depsky N, Bangia K, Wang S, Cushing LJ. Race, Racism, and Drinking Water Contamination Risk From Oil and Gas Wells in Los Angeles County, 2020. Am J Public Health 2023; 113:1191-1200. [PMID: 37651660 PMCID: PMC10568503 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2023.307374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Objectives. To evaluate the potential for drinking water contamination in Los Angeles (LA) County, California, based on the proximity of supply wells to oil and gas wells, and characterize risk with respect to race/ethnicity and measures of structural racism. Methods. We identified at-risk community water systems (CWSs) as those with supply wells within 1 kilometer of an oil or gas well. We characterized sociodemographics of the populations served by each CWS by using the 2013-2017 American Community Survey. We estimated the degree of redlining in each CWS service area by using 1930s Home Owners' Loan Corporation security maps, and characterized segregation by using the Index of Concentration at the Extremes. Multivariable regression models estimated associations between these variables and CWS contamination risk. Results. A quarter of LA County CWSs serving more than 7 million residents have supply wells within 1 kilometer of an oil or gas well. Higher percentages of Hispanic, Black, and Asian/Pacific Islander residents and a greater degree of redlining and residential segregation were associated with higher contamination risk. Conclusions. Redlining and segregation predict drinking water contamination risks from oil development in LA County, with people of color at greater risk. (Am J Public Health. 2023;113(11):1191-1200. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2023.307374).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alique G Berberian
- Alique G. Berberian and Lara J. Cushing are with the Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA). Jenny Rempel and Nicholas Depsky are with the Energy and Resources Group, Rausser College of Natural Resources, University of California, Berkeley. Komal Bangia is with the Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, California Environmental Protection Agency, Oakland. Sophia Wang is with the Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, UCLA
| | - Jenny Rempel
- Alique G. Berberian and Lara J. Cushing are with the Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA). Jenny Rempel and Nicholas Depsky are with the Energy and Resources Group, Rausser College of Natural Resources, University of California, Berkeley. Komal Bangia is with the Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, California Environmental Protection Agency, Oakland. Sophia Wang is with the Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, UCLA
| | - Nicholas Depsky
- Alique G. Berberian and Lara J. Cushing are with the Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA). Jenny Rempel and Nicholas Depsky are with the Energy and Resources Group, Rausser College of Natural Resources, University of California, Berkeley. Komal Bangia is with the Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, California Environmental Protection Agency, Oakland. Sophia Wang is with the Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, UCLA
| | - Komal Bangia
- Alique G. Berberian and Lara J. Cushing are with the Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA). Jenny Rempel and Nicholas Depsky are with the Energy and Resources Group, Rausser College of Natural Resources, University of California, Berkeley. Komal Bangia is with the Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, California Environmental Protection Agency, Oakland. Sophia Wang is with the Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, UCLA
| | - Sophia Wang
- Alique G. Berberian and Lara J. Cushing are with the Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA). Jenny Rempel and Nicholas Depsky are with the Energy and Resources Group, Rausser College of Natural Resources, University of California, Berkeley. Komal Bangia is with the Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, California Environmental Protection Agency, Oakland. Sophia Wang is with the Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, UCLA
| | - Lara J Cushing
- Alique G. Berberian and Lara J. Cushing are with the Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA). Jenny Rempel and Nicholas Depsky are with the Energy and Resources Group, Rausser College of Natural Resources, University of California, Berkeley. Komal Bangia is with the Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, California Environmental Protection Agency, Oakland. Sophia Wang is with the Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, UCLA
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36
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Shamasunder B, Johnston JE. The Imperative of Equitable Protection: Structural Racism and Oil Drilling in Los Angeles. Am J Public Health 2023; 113:1179-1181. [PMID: 37677115 PMCID: PMC10568512 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2023.307405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bhavna Shamasunder
- Bhavna Shamasunder is with the Urban & Environmental Policy Department and the Public Health Program, Occidental College, Los Angeles, CA. Jill E. Johnston is with the Department of Population & Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles
| | - Jill E Johnston
- Bhavna Shamasunder is with the Urban & Environmental Policy Department and the Public Health Program, Occidental College, Los Angeles, CA. Jill E. Johnston is with the Department of Population & Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles
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37
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Chan M, Shamasunder B, Johnston JE. Social and Environmental Stressors of Urban Oil and Gas Facilities in Los Angeles County, California, 2020. Am J Public Health 2023; 113:1182-1190. [PMID: 37499202 PMCID: PMC10568508 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2023.307360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Objectives. To examine patterns of cumulative environmental injustice with respect to operations of urban oil and gas development in Los Angeles County, California. Methods. Using CalEnviroScreen (CES) 4.0, oil and gas data permit records, and US census data, we examined the association between CES score (grouped into equal quintiles, with the lowest representing low cumulative burden) and oil and gas development (presence or absence of an oil and gas production well) within 1 kilometer of a census block centroid. Results. Among census blocks in the highest quintile of CES score, we observed 94% increased odds of being within 1 kilometer of a well compared with census blocks in the lowest quintile of CES score (odds ratio = 1.94; 95% confidence interval = 1.83, 2.10). In our multivariable model, the proportion of Black residents and higher quintiles of CES score were also associated with increased odds of a nearby oil and gas well. Conclusions. These findings suggest that oil and gas facilities are operating in neighborhoods already cumulatively burdened and with higher proportions of Black residents. (Am J Public Health. 2023;113(11):1182-1190. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2023.307360).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa Chan
- Marissa Chan is with the Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA. Bhavna Shamasunder is with Occidental College, Los Angeles, CA. Jill E. Johnston is with the University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Bhavna Shamasunder
- Marissa Chan is with the Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA. Bhavna Shamasunder is with Occidental College, Los Angeles, CA. Jill E. Johnston is with the University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Jill E Johnston
- Marissa Chan is with the Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA. Bhavna Shamasunder is with Occidental College, Los Angeles, CA. Jill E. Johnston is with the University of Southern California, Los Angeles
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38
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Deziel NC. Environmental Injustice and Cumulative Environmental Burdens in Neighborhoods Near Oil and Gas Development: Los Angeles County, California, and Beyond. Am J Public Health 2023; 113:1173-1175. [PMID: 37677114 PMCID: PMC10568509 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2023.307422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole C Deziel
- Nicole C. Deziel is with the Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT
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39
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Malin AJ, Hu H, Martínez-Mier EA, Eckel SP, Farzan SF, Howe CG, Funk W, Meeker JD, Habre R, Bastain TM, Breton CV. Urinary fluoride levels and metal co-exposures among pregnant women in Los Angeles, California. Environ Health 2023; 22:74. [PMID: 37880740 PMCID: PMC10601173 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-023-01026-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fluoride is ubiquitous in the United States (US); however, data on biomarkers and patterns of fluoride exposure among US pregnant women are scarce. We examined specific gravity adjusted maternal urinary fluoride (MUFsg) in relation to sociodemographic variables and metal co-exposures among pregnant women in Los Angeles, California. METHODS Participants were from the Maternal and Developmental Risks from Environmental and Social Stressors (MADRES) cohort. There were 293 and 490 women with MUFsg measured during first and third trimesters, respectively. An intra-class correlation coefficient examined consistency of MUFsg between trimesters. Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests examined associations of MUFsg with sociodemographic variables. Covariate adjusted linear regression examined associations of MUFsg with blood metals and specific gravity adjusted urine metals among a subsample of participants within and between trimesters. A False Discovery Rate (FDR) correction accounted for multiple comparisons. RESULTS Median (IQR) MUFsg was 0.65 (0.5) mg/L and 0.8 (0.59) mg/L, during trimesters one and three respectively. During both trimesters, MUFsg was higher among older participants, those with higher income, and White, non-Hispanic participants than Hispanic participants. MUFsg was also higher for White, non-Hispanic participants than for Black, non-Hispanic participants in trimester three, and for those with graduate training in trimester one. MUFsg was negatively associated with blood mercury in trimester one and positively associated with blood lead in trimester three. MUFsg was positively associated with various urinary metals, including antimony, barium, cadmium, cobalt, copper, lead, nickel, tin, and zinc in trimesters one and/or three. CONCLUSIONS MUFsg levels observed were comparable to those found in pregnant women in Mexico and Canada that have been associated with poorer neurodevelopmental outcomes. Lower urinary fluoride levels among Hispanic and non-Hispanic Black participants in MADRES compared to non-Hispanic White participants may reflect lower tap water consumption or lower fluoride exposure from other sources. Additional research is needed to examine whether MUFsg levels observed among pregnant women in the US are associated with neurodevelopmental outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley J Malin
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions and College of Medicine, University of Florida, 2004 Mowry Rd, Gainesville, 32603, USA.
| | - Howard Hu
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, 1845 N Soto Street, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-9239, USA
| | - E Angeles Martínez-Mier
- Department of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Dental Public Health, School of Dentistry, Indiana University, 1121 W. Michigan St., Indianapolis, IN, 46202-2876, USA
| | - Sandrah P Eckel
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, 1845 N Soto Street, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-9239, USA
| | - Shohreh F Farzan
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, 1845 N Soto Street, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-9239, USA
| | - Caitlin G Howe
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, 1 Medical Center Drive, Williamson Translational Research Building, 7th Floor, Lebanon, NH, 03756, USA
| | - William Funk
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 680 N Lake Shore Dr Ste 1400, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - John D Meeker
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1420 Washington Hts, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Rima Habre
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, 1845 N Soto Street, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-9239, USA
| | - Theresa M Bastain
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, 1845 N Soto Street, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-9239, USA
| | - Carrie V Breton
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, 1845 N Soto Street, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-9239, USA
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40
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Pfannerstill EY, Arata C, Zhu Q, Schulze BC, Woods R, Harkins C, Schwantes RH, McDonald BC, Seinfeld JH, Bucholtz A, Cohen RC, Goldstein AH. Comparison between Spatially Resolved Airborne Flux Measurements and Emission Inventories of Volatile Organic Compounds in Los Angeles. Environ Sci Technol 2023; 57:15533-15545. [PMID: 37791848 PMCID: PMC10586371 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c03162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Los Angeles is a major hotspot for ozone and particulate matter air pollution in the United States. Ozone and PM2.5 in this region have not improved substantially for the past decade, despite a reduction in vehicular emissions of their precursors, NOx and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). This reduction in "traditional" sources has made the current emission mixture of air pollutant precursors more uncertain. To map and quantify emissions of a wide range of VOCs in this urban area, we performed airborne eddy covariance measurements with wavelet analysis. VOC fluxes measured include tracers for source categories, such as traffic, vegetation, and volatile chemical products (VCPs). Mass fluxes were dominated by oxygenated VOCs, with ethanol contributing ∼29% of the total. In terms of OH reactivity and aerosol formation potential, terpenoids contributed more than half. Observed fluxes were compared with two commonly used emission inventories: the California Air Resources Board inventory and the combination of the Biogenic Emission Inventory System with the Fuel-based Inventory of Vehicle Emissions combined with Volatile Chemical Products (FIVE-VCP). The comparison shows mismatches regarding the amount, spatial distribution, and weekend effects of observed VOC emissions with the inventories. The agreement was best for typical transportation related VOCs, while discrepancies were larger for biogenic and VCP-related VOCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Y. Pfannerstill
- Department
of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley 94720, California, United States
| | - Caleb Arata
- Department
of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley 94720, California, United States
| | - Qindan Zhu
- Department
of Earth and Planetary Science, University
of California at Berkeley, Berkeley 94720, California, United States
- Cooperative
Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder 80305, Colorado, United States
| | - Benjamin C. Schulze
- Department
of Environmental Science and Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena 91125, California, United States
| | - Roy Woods
- Department
of Meteorology, Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey 93943, California, United
States
| | - Colin Harkins
- Cooperative
Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder 80305, Colorado, United States
- NOAA Chemical
Sciences Laboratory, Boulder 80305, Colorado, United States
| | | | - Brian C. McDonald
- NOAA Chemical
Sciences Laboratory, Boulder 80305, Colorado, United States
| | - John H. Seinfeld
- Department
of Environmental Science and Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena 91125, California, United States
| | - Anthony Bucholtz
- Department
of Meteorology, Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey 93943, California, United
States
| | - Ronald C. Cohen
- Department
of Earth and Planetary Science, University
of California at Berkeley, Berkeley 94720, California, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California at
Berkeley, Berkeley 94720, California, United States
| | - Allen H. Goldstein
- Department
of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley 94720, California, United States
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41
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Aziz N, Shih R, Alexopoulos N, Jamieson BD, Mimiaga MJ, Martinez-Maza O, Detels R. Relationship among serum levels of IL-6, sIL-6R, s gp130 and CD126 on T-cell in HIV-1 infected and uninfected men participating in the Los Angeles Multi-Center AIDS Cohort Study. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0290702. [PMID: 37812611 PMCID: PMC10561848 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Interleukin 6 (IL-6) activates cells through its unique heterodimeric signaling complex of IL-6 receptor (IL6R) subunit and interleukin 6 signal transducer β-subunit glycoprotein 130 (gp130). The objective of this study was to investigate associations among serum levels of IL-6, sIL-6R, sgp130 and relative fluorescence intensity (RFI) of the α-subunit of the IL-6 receptor (CD126) on T-cells of HIV-1 infected and uninfected men. METHODS Blood samples were obtained from 69 HIV-1-infected men on Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) with mean age of 49.1 and 52 HIV-1-uninfected with mean age of 54.3 years -. All men were participating in the Los Angeles Multi-Center AIDS Cohort Study (MACS). Serum levels of IL-6, sIL-6R, sgp130 were measured by enzyme-linked immunoassays and T-cell phenotypic analysis and RFI of CD126 on CD4+ and CD8+ by flow cytometry. RESULTS Mean serum levels of IL-6, sIL6R, sgp130 and of CD126 RFI on CD4+ were 4.34 pg/mL, 39.3 ng/mL, 349 ng/mL and 526 RFI respectively for HIV-1-infected men and 2.74 pg/mL, 41.9 ng/mL, 318 ng/mL and 561 RFI respectively for HIV-1-uninfected men. The mean serum concentrations of IL-6, sIL-6R in HIV-1-infected and uninfected men were not significantly different (p>0.05). There was a positive correlation between plasma HIV-1 RNA and the levels of IL-6 (p<0.001), sIL6R (p = 0.002) but no correlation with sgp130 (p = 0.339). In addition, there was a negative correlation between serum levels of IL-6 with RFI of CD126 on CD4+ (p = 0.037) and a positive correlation between serum levels of sgp130 (p = 0.021) and sIL-6R in HIV-1-infected men. CONCLUSION Knowledge of biological variation, differences in the blood levels of biomarkers among healthy individuals and individuals experiencing illness, are very important for selection of appropriate tests for stage and progression of disease. Our data suggest no correlation among IL-6, and sIL-R6, in the treated phase of HIV-1 infection. The action and blood level of IL-6 and its receptors may be different at each stage of a disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najib Aziz
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Roger Shih
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Nicole Alexopoulos
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Beth D. Jamieson
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Matthew J. Mimiaga
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Otoniel Martinez-Maza
- Departments of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Microbiology Immunology and Molecular Genetics, UCLA, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Roger Detels
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
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Jackson J, Farajzadeh J, Turner R, Yukutake K, Baghdasaryan E, Denis ES, Barseghyan T, Herrera P, Begaj S, Pietruszka M, Valles-Ayoub Y. Prevalence of p.G87V and p.Gln298=Variations in LIPA Gene Within Middle Eastern Population Living Around Los Angeles. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2023; 27:319-324. [PMID: 37903030 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2023.0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The LIPA gene encodes for lysosomal acid lipase (LAL), which catalyzes the hydrolysis of cholesterol esters and triglycerides. Variations in the LIPA gene impair LAL activity, predisposing patients to a rare metabolic disorder called LAL deficiency (LAL-D). The lack of functioning LAL promotes lipid accumulation and subsequent dyslipidemia, which can increase the likelihood of complications in both infants and adults. Although the worldwide prevalence is 1:500,000 births, the frequency in Mizrahi Jewish populations is projected to be as high as 1 in every 4200 births (Valles-Ayoub et al.) based on the LIPA p.G87V variant frequency among 162 individuals. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted to validate the previously reported prevalence of LAL-D in the Mizrahi Jewish population based on the pathogenic LIPA missense variants in exon 4 (c.260G>T; p.G87V) and exon 8 (c.894G>A; p.Gln298=) using a larger cohort of those with Middle Eastern ancestry living around Los Angeles. Among the 1184 individual samples sequenced, 660 self-reported as Mizrahi Jewish, while the remaining 524 came from other Middle Eastern groups labeled as "non-Jewish." Results: Of the 1184 samples, 22 alleles of the exon 4 variant were identified (1.85%), and 2 alleles of the exon 8 variant were identified (0.16%). For the exon 4 variant, 20 of 22 (90.9%) heterozygotes were Mizrahi Jewish, while 2 of 22 (9.09%) heterozygotes were "non-Jewish." For the exon 8 variant, 2 of 2 (100%) heterozygotes were Mizrahi Jewish. This suggests that the prevalence of LAL-D in this population is 1 in 900, which suggests that LAL-D may be 4.6% higher in the Mizrahi Jewish population in previous reports. Conclusion: These findings show increased prevalence of LIPA gene exon 4 variation p.G87V in the Middle East population when compared to the general population, indicating the need for prenatal screening in those of Mizrahi Jewish ancestry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayden Jackson
- Firmalab, Hollywood, California, USA
- California State University Channel Islands, Camarillo, California, USA
| | - Justin Farajzadeh
- Firmalab, Hollywood, California, USA
- Ultimate DX, Hollywood, California, USA
| | - Robert Turner
- California State University Channel Islands, Camarillo, California, USA
- Ultimate DX, Hollywood, California, USA
| | - Kevin Yukutake
- Ultimate DX, Hollywood, California, USA
- West Los Angeles, Culver City, California, USA
| | | | - Emily St Denis
- Firmalab, Hollywood, California, USA
- University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Tigran Barseghyan
- Ultimate DX, Hollywood, California, USA
- University of California Santa Barbra, Santa Barbara, USA
| | | | - Sajo Begaj
- Firmalab, Hollywood, California, USA
- Ultimate DX, Hollywood, California, USA
| | - Marvin Pietruszka
- Firmalab, Hollywood, California, USA
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Yadira Valles-Ayoub
- Firmalab, Hollywood, California, USA
- Ultimate DX, Hollywood, California, USA
- California State University Northridge, Northridge, USA
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S Rapoport C, Choi AK, Kwakkenbos L, Carrier ME, Henry RS, Mouthon L, Roesch SC, Thombs BD, Malcarne VL. Evaluation of Measurement Properties and Differential Item Functioning in the English and French Versions of the University of California, Los Angeles, Loneliness Scale-6: A Scleroderma Patient-Centered Intervention Network (SPIN) Study. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2023; 75:2158-2165. [PMID: 36938696 DOI: 10.1002/acr.25115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Loneliness has been associated with poorer health-related quality of life but has not been studied in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc). The current study was undertaken to examine and compare the psychometric properties of the English and French versions of the University of California, Los Angeles, Loneliness Scale-6 (ULS-6) in patients with SSc during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS This study used baseline cross-sectional data from 775 adults enrolled in the Scleroderma Patient-Centered Intervention Network (SPIN) COVID-19 Cohort. Reliability and validity of ULS-6 scores overall and between languages were evaluated using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), differential item functioning (DIF) through the multiple-indicator multiple-cause (MIMIC) model, omega/alpha calculation, and correlations of hypothesized convergent relationships. RESULTS CFA for the total sample supported the single-factor structure (comparative fit index [CFI] 0.96, standardized root mean residual [SRMR] 0.03), and all standardized factor loadings for items were large (0.60-0.86). The overall MIMIC model with language as a covariate fit well (CFI 0.94, SRMR 0.04, root mean square error of approximation 0.11). Statistically significant DIF was found for 3 items across language (βitem2 = 0.14, P < 0.001; βitem4 = -0.07, P = 0.01; βitem6 = 0.13, P < 0.001), but these small differences were without practical measurement implications. Analyses demonstrated high internal consistency with no language-based convergent validity differences. CONCLUSION Analyses demonstrated evidence of acceptable reliability and validity of ULS-6 scores in English- and French-speaking adults with SSc. DIF analysis supported use of the ULS-6 to examine comparative experiences of loneliness without adjusting for language.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea S Rapoport
- San Diego State University/University of California San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego, California
| | - Alyssa K Choi
- San Diego State University/University of California San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego, California
| | | | | | - Richard S Henry
- Jewish General Hospital and McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Luc Mouthon
- Reference Center for Rare Systemic Autoimmune Diseases of Ile de France, Hôpital Cochin, AP-HP, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Scott C Roesch
- San Diego State University/University of California San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology and San Diego State University, San Diego, California
| | - Brett D Thombs
- Jewish General Hospital and McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Vanessa L Malcarne
- San Diego State University/University of California San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology and San Diego State University, San Diego, California
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Situ BA, Hua HU, Kaakour AH, Daskivich LP, Savvas S, Toy BC. Implementation of a pilot teleretinal screening protocol for hydroxychloroquine retinopathy in a Los Angeles County safety net clinic. J Telemed Telecare 2023; 29:648-656. [PMID: 34134549 DOI: 10.1177/1357633x211018102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aimed to determine whether teleretinal screening for hydroxychloroquine retinopathy (HCQR) improves clinical efficiency and adherence to recommended screening guidelines compared to face-to-face screening among patients in a large safety net medical system. METHODS In this retrospective cohort study of a consecutive sample of 590 adult patients with active HCQ prescriptions seen in the outpatient ophthalmology clinic at Los Angeles County + University of Southern California Medical Center from 1 September 2018 to 25 November 2019, 203 patients underwent technician-only tele-HCQR screening (THRS), and 387 patients underwent screening with traditional face-to-face visits (F2FV) with an eye-care provider. Data on clinic efficiency measures (appointment wait time and encounter duration) and adherence to recommended screening guidelines were collected and compared between the two cohorts. RESULTS Compared to F2FV, the THRS cohort experienced significantly shorter median (interquartile range) time to appointment (2.5 (1.5-4.6) vs. 5.1 (2.9-8.4) months; p < 0.0001), shorter median encounter duration (1 (0.8-1.4) vs. 3.7 (2.5-5.2) hours; p < 0.0001) and higher proportion of complete baseline screening (102/104 (98.1%) vs. 68/141 (48.2%); p < 0.001) and complete chronic screening (98/99 (99%) vs. 144/246 (58.5%); p < 0.001). DISCUSSION A pilot THRS protocol was successfully implemented at a major safety net eye clinic in Los Angeles County, resulting in a 50.9% reduction in wait times for screening, 72.9% reduction in encounter duration and 49.9% and 40.5% increases in proportions of complete baseline and chronic screening, respectively. Tele-HCQ retinal screening protocols may improve timeliness to care and screening adherence for HCQR in the safety net setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betty A Situ
- Roski Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, USA
| | - Hong-Uyen Hua
- Roski Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, USA
| | - Abdul-Hadi Kaakour
- Roski Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, USA
| | - Lauren Patty Daskivich
- Roski Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, USA
- Los Angeles County Department of Health Services, Office of Eye Health Programs, USA
| | - Stavros Savvas
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, USA
| | - Brian C Toy
- Roski Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, USA
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Alvarado G, McBain R, Chen P, Estrada-Darley I, Engel C, Malika N, Machtinger E, McCaw B, Thyne S, Thompson N, Shekarchi A, Lightfoot M, Kuo A, Benedict D, Gantz L, Perry R, Kannan I, Yap N, Eberhart N. Clinician and Staff Perspectives on Implementing Adverse Childhood Experience (ACE) Screening in Los Angeles County Pediatric Clinics. Ann Fam Med 2023; 21:416-423. [PMID: 37748912 PMCID: PMC10519753 DOI: 10.1370/afm.3014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To understand clinician and clinical staff perspectives on the implementation of routine Adverse Childhood Experience (ACE) screening in pediatric primary care. METHODS We conducted a qualitative evaluation in 5 clinics in Los Angeles County, California, using 2 rounds of focus group discussions: during an early phase of the initiative, and 7 months later. In the first round, we conducted 14 focus group discussions with 67 participants. In the second round, we conducted 12 focus group discussions with 58 participants. Participants comprised clinic staff involved in ACE screening, including frontline staff that administer the screening, medical clinicians that use screening to counsel patients and make referrals, and psychosocial support staff who may receive referrals. RESULTS Themes were grouped into 3 categories: (1) screening acceptability and perceived utility, (2) implementation and quality improvement, and (3) effects of screening on patients and clinicians. Regarding screening acceptability and perceived utility, clinicians generally considered ACE screening to be acceptable and useful. In terms of implementation and quality improvement, significant barriers included: insufficient time for screening and response, insufficient training, and lack of clarity about referral networks and resources that could be offered to patients. Lastly, regarding effects of screening, clinicians expressed that ACE screening helped elicit important patient information and build trust with patients. Further, no adverse events were reported from screening. CONCLUSIONS Clinic staff felt ACE screening was feasible, acceptable, and beneficial within pediatric care settings to improve trauma-informed care and that ACE screening could be strengthened by addressing time constraints and limited referral resources.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Peggy Chen
- Rand Corporation, Santa Monica, California
| | | | - Charles Engel
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | | | | | - Brigid McCaw
- University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Shannon Thyne
- Olive View-University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Nina Thompson
- Olive View-University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Amy Shekarchi
- Olive View-University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | | | - Anda Kuo
- University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Darcy Benedict
- Harbor-University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Lisa Gantz
- Los Angeles County Department of Health Services, Los Angeles, California
| | - Raymond Perry
- Los Angeles County Department of Health Services, Los Angeles, California
| | - Indu Kannan
- Los Angeles County Department of Health Services, Los Angeles, California
| | - Nancy Yap
- Los Angeles County Department of Health Services, Los Angeles, California
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46
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Kraemer SR. Analytic Element Domain Boundary Conditions for Site-Scale Groundwater Flow Modeling Los Angeles Basin. Ground Water 2023; 61:743-753. [PMID: 37096371 PMCID: PMC10546891 DOI: 10.1111/gwat.13322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Physics-based groundwater flow modeling is a useful tool for the design and optimization of pump-and-treat systems for groundwater site cleanup. Numerical methods like finite differences and finite elements, and hybrid analytic elements, require boundary conditions (BC) to be assigned to the outer domain of the grid, mesh, or line elements. These outer BC do not always correspond with hydrogeologic features. Common practice in model setup is to either: (1) extend the model domain boundary outward such that introduced artificial outer BCs (e.g., first type head specified, second type flux specified) do not have undue influence on near-field scale simulations; or (2) assign outer BCs to capture the effective far-field influence (e.g., third type head-dependent flux). Groundwater flow modeling options for assigning BCs were demonstrated for the extensively documented Dual Site Superfund cleanup in Torrance, California. The existing MODFLOW models for the Dual Site scale and the Los Angeles basin scale document the current hydrogeologic conceptual site model. Simplified analytic element AnAqSim models at the LA Basin scale, West Coast Subbasin scale, and Dual Site scale, were used for mapping near-field domain velocity vector fields and pathline envelopes. The pump-treat-inject system demonstrated hydraulic containment and showed pathline envelopes relatively insensitive to BC choices. However, the near-field domain boundary groundwater flow fields were sensitive to BC choices. The Los Angeles basin case study demonstrated the use of analytic element groundwater modeling for testing stress dependent boundaries during site pump-treat-inject design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen R Kraemer
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, 75 Hawthorne St, San Francisco, CA, 94105, USA
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Helman SK, Tokuyama AFN, Mummah RO, Stone NE, Gamble MW, Snedden CE, Borremans B, Gomez ACR, Cox C, Nussbaum J, Tweedt I, Haake DA, Galloway RL, Monzón J, Riley SPD, Sikich JA, Brown J, Friscia A, Sahl JW, Wagner DM, Lynch JW, Prager KC, Lloyd-Smith JO. Pathogenic Leptospira are widespread in the urban wildlife of southern California. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14368. [PMID: 37658075 PMCID: PMC10474285 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40322-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Leptospirosis, the most widespread zoonotic disease in the world, is broadly understudied in multi-host wildlife systems. Knowledge gaps regarding Leptospira circulation in wildlife, particularly in densely populated areas, contribute to frequent misdiagnoses in humans and domestic animals. We assessed Leptospira prevalence levels and risk factors in five target wildlife species across the greater Los Angeles region: striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis), raccoons (Procyon lotor), coyotes (Canis latrans), Virginia opossums (Didelphis virginiana), and fox squirrels (Sciurus niger). We sampled more than 960 individual animals, including over 700 from target species in the greater Los Angeles region, and an additional 266 sampled opportunistically from other California regions and species. In the five target species seroprevalences ranged from 5 to 60%, and infection prevalences ranged from 0.8 to 15.2% in all except fox squirrels (0%). Leptospira phylogenomics and patterns of serologic reactivity suggest that mainland terrestrial wildlife, particularly mesocarnivores, could be the source of repeated observed introductions of Leptospira into local marine and island ecosystems. Overall, we found evidence of widespread Leptospira exposure in wildlife across Los Angeles and surrounding regions. This indicates exposure risk for humans and domestic animals and highlights that this pathogen can circulate endemically in many wildlife species even in densely populated urban areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah K Helman
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Amanda F N Tokuyama
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Riley O Mummah
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nathan E Stone
- The Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Mason W Gamble
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Celine E Snedden
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Benny Borremans
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Evolutionary Ecology Group, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Wildlife Health Ecology Research Organization, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Ana C R Gomez
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Caitlin Cox
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Julianne Nussbaum
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Isobel Tweedt
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - David A Haake
- Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- The David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Javier Monzón
- Natural Science Division, Pepperdine University, Malibu, CA, USA
| | - Seth P D Riley
- Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation Area, National Park Service, Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
| | - Jeff A Sikich
- Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation Area, National Park Service, Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
| | - Justin Brown
- Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation Area, National Park Service, Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
| | - Anthony Friscia
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jason W Sahl
- The Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - David M Wagner
- The Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Jessica W Lynch
- Institute for Society and Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Katherine C Prager
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - James O Lloyd-Smith
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Erickson BR, Marti FA, Choi K, Eberhart N, Ashwood JS, Zima B, Montero A, Kataoka S, Bromley E. "They Just Helped Save My Life:" Client Perspectives on the Los Angeles County Full Service Partnership (FSP) Program for Serious Mental Illness. Community Ment Health J 2023; 59:1227-1234. [PMID: 36735205 PMCID: PMC10330294 DOI: 10.1007/s10597-023-01096-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this qualitative study was to elicit client perspectives on the Los Angeles County Full Service Partnership (FSP) program - an adaptation of Assertive Community Treatment (ACT). Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 FSP clients. Qualitative data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Two major themes were identified from the interview data: (1) Clients' acknowledgement of the material benefits of the FSP program; and (2) FSP's impact on restoring and stabilizing clients' social and treatment relationships. Interviewees greatly valued the material (i.e., basic needs, housing assistance) and relational (i.e., relationships with providers, restored personal relationships) aspects of the program, but did not ascribe the same degree of value to mental health treatment. Interviewees' emphases on material and relational aspects reflect the status of assertive mental health treatment as an intervention on intermediary determinants of health in the lives of persons diagnosed with serious mental illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blake R Erickson
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Manhattan, NY, USA.
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, Manhattan, NY, USA.
| | - F Alethea Marti
- Center for Health Services and Society, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kristen Choi
- School of Nursing, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Bonnie Zima
- Center for Health Services and Society, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alanna Montero
- Center for Health Services and Society, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sheryl Kataoka
- Center for Health Services and Society, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Bromley
- Center for Health Services and Society, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Garrigues JM, Hemarajata P, Karan A, Shah NK, Alarcón J, Marutani AN, Finn L, Smith TG, Gigante CM, Davidson W, Wynn NT, Hutson CL, Kim M, Terashita D, Balter SE, Green NM. Identification of Tecovirimat Resistance-Associated Mutations in Human Monkeypox Virus - Los Angeles County. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2023; 67:e0056823. [PMID: 37338408 PMCID: PMC10353411 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00568-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Peera Hemarajata
- Los Angeles County Department of Public Health, Downey, California, USA
| | - Abraar Karan
- Los Angeles County Department of Public Health, Downey, California, USA
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Naman K. Shah
- Los Angeles County Department of Public Health, Downey, California, USA
| | - Jemma Alarcón
- Los Angeles County Department of Public Health, Downey, California, USA
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Amy N. Marutani
- Los Angeles County Department of Public Health, Downey, California, USA
| | - Lauren Finn
- Los Angeles County Department of Public Health, Downey, California, USA
| | - Todd G. Smith
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Whitni Davidson
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Nhien T. Wynn
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Moon Kim
- Los Angeles County Department of Public Health, Downey, California, USA
| | - Dawn Terashita
- Los Angeles County Department of Public Health, Downey, California, USA
| | - Sharon E. Balter
- Los Angeles County Department of Public Health, Downey, California, USA
| | - Nicole M. Green
- Los Angeles County Department of Public Health, Downey, California, USA
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Li MJ, Chau B, Garland WH, Oksuzyan S, Weiss RE, Takada S, Kao U, Lee SJ, Shoptaw SJ. Racial, gender, and psychosocial disparities in viral suppression trends among people receiving coordinated HIV care in Los Angeles County. AIDS 2023; 37:1441-1449. [PMID: 37070545 PMCID: PMC10330081 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000003578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To longitudinally evaluate differences in HIV viral suppression (<200 copies/ml) by intersections of race/ethnicity, gender, and psychosocial issues in people with HIV in the Los Angeles County Medical Care Coordination Program. DESIGN We analyzed 74 649 viral load measurements over 10 184 people with HIV enrolled in the Medical Care Coordination Program between January 1, 2013 and March 1, 2020.Methods: We fit Bayesian logistic hierarchical random effects models to test interactions between gender, race/ethnicity, and a psychosocial acuity score on viral suppression over time from 1 year prior to program enrollment to 24 months after enrollment. RESULTS The probability of viral suppression declined prior to enrollment, then increased and stabilized by 6 months after enrollment. Black/African American patients with low and moderate psychosocial acuity scores did not achieve the same increase in percentage of viral suppression as those in other racial/ethnic groups. Transgender women with high psychosocial acuity scores took longer (about 1 year) to achieve the same percentage of viral suppression as clients of other gender identities. CONCLUSIONS Some racial/ethnic and gender disparities in viral suppression persisted after enrollment in the Los Angeles County Medical Care Coordination Program while accounting for psychosocial acuity score, which may be explained by factors not assessed in the program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Li
- Center for HIV Identification, Prevention and Treatment Services
- Department of Family Medicine
| | - Brendon Chau
- Department of Family Medicine
- Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Wendy H Garland
- Division of HIV and STD Programs, Los Angeles County Department of Public Health
| | - Sona Oksuzyan
- Division of HIV and STD Programs, Los Angeles County Department of Public Health
| | - Robert E Weiss
- Center for HIV Identification, Prevention and Treatment Services
- Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Sae Takada
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Health Services Research
| | - Uyen Kao
- Center for HIV Identification, Prevention and Treatment Services
- Department of Family Medicine
| | - Sung-Jae Lee
- Center for HIV Identification, Prevention and Treatment Services
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Steven J Shoptaw
- Center for HIV Identification, Prevention and Treatment Services
- Department of Family Medicine
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