1
|
Francioso O. Current and future perspectives for biomass waste management and utilization. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9635. [PMID: 38671185 PMCID: PMC11053101 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59623-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ornella Francioso
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Viale G. Fanin 40, 40127, Bologna, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Pearson AR, Fox BRS, Hellstrom JC, Vandergoes MJ, Breitenbach SFM, Drysdale RN, Höpker SN, Wood CT, Schiller M, Hartland A. Warming drives dissolved organic carbon export from pristine alpine soils. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3522. [PMID: 38664386 PMCID: PMC11045798 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47706-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite decades of research, the influence of climate on the export of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from soil remains poorly constrained, adding uncertainty to global carbon models. The limited temporal range of contemporary monitoring data, ongoing climate reorganisation and confounding anthropogenic activities muddy the waters further. Here, we reconstruct DOC leaching over the last ~14,000 years using alpine environmental archives (two speleothems and one lake sediment core) across 4° of latitude from Te Waipounamu/South Island of Aotearoa New Zealand. We selected broadly comparable palaeoenvironmental archives in mountainous catchments, free of anthropogenically-induced landscape changes prior to ~1200 C.E. We show that warmer temperatures resulted in increased allochthonous DOC export through the Holocene, most notably during the Holocene Climatic Optimum (HCO), which was some 1.5-2.5 °C warmer than the late pre-industrial period-then decreased during the cooler mid-Holocene. We propose that temperature exerted the key control on the observed doubling to tripling of soil DOC export during the HCO, presumably via temperature-mediated changes in vegetative soil C inputs and microbial degradation rates. Future warming may accelerate DOC export from mountainous catchments, with implications for the global carbon cycle and water quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R Pearson
- Environmental Research Institute, School of Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Waikato, Kirikiriroa Hamilton, Waikato, Aotearoa, New Zealand.
- Institute of Environmental Science and Research (ESR), Ōtautahi Christchurch, Aotearoa, New Zealand.
| | - Bethany R S Fox
- Department of Biological and Geographical Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK
| | - John C Hellstrom
- School of Geography, Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | | | - Russell N Drysdale
- School of Geography, Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sebastian N Höpker
- Environmental Research Institute, School of Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Waikato, Kirikiriroa Hamilton, Waikato, Aotearoa, New Zealand
| | - Christopher T Wood
- Environmental Research Institute, School of Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Waikato, Kirikiriroa Hamilton, Waikato, Aotearoa, New Zealand
- GNS Science, Te Awa Kairangi ki Tai Lower Hutt, Aotearoa, New Zealand
| | - Martin Schiller
- Centre for Star and Planet Formation, Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Adam Hartland
- Environmental Research Institute, School of Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Waikato, Kirikiriroa Hamilton, Waikato, Aotearoa, New Zealand.
- Lincoln Agritech Ltd, Ruakura, Kirikiriroa Hamilton, Waikato, Aotearoa, New Zealand.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bi Y, Chen H, Hanski E, Kuritani T, Wu HX, Zhang FQ, Liu J, Gu XY, Xia QK. Hydrous mantle plume promoted the generation of continental flood basalts in the Tarim large igneous province. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9514. [PMID: 38664514 PMCID: PMC11045731 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60213-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent research on the water content of large igneous provinces (LIPs) has revealed that water has a significant impact on the formation of LIPs. However, most studies focus on the water content of mafic-ultramafic rocks, while relatively little attention has been paid to the water content of continental flood basalts (CFB), which form the major part of LIPs and are characterized by huge volumes (> 1 × 105 km3) and short eruption times. Here, we determined water contents of clinopyroxene crystals from the Akesu diabase, which is co-genetic with flood basalts of the Tarim LIP in China. Based on these measurements, we obtained a water content of higher than 1.23 ± 0.49 wt.% for the parental magma to the Tarim CFB and a minimum water content of 1230 ± 490 ppm for the mantle source, thus indicating the presence of a hydrous mantle plume. Combined with previous studies, our results suggest that water plays a key role in the formation of the Tarim LIP. Additionally, the whole-rock compositions of the Akesu diabase indicate a contribution of pyroxenite in the mantle source. This is consistent with a model, in which water was brought into the Tarim mantle plume by a subducted oceanic plate that entered the deep mantle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yao Bi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and Environments, School of Earth and Space Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Huan Chen
- Institute of Marine Geology, College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China.
- Key Laboratory of Geoscience Big Data and Deep Resource of Zhejiang Province, School of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
| | - Eero Hanski
- Oulu Mining School, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, 90014, Oulu, Finland
| | - Takeshi Kuritani
- Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Hong-Xiang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Geoscience Big Data and Deep Resource of Zhejiang Province, School of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Feng-Qi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Geoscience Big Data and Deep Resource of Zhejiang Province, School of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Key Laboratory of Geoscience Big Data and Deep Resource of Zhejiang Province, School of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Gu
- Key Laboratory of Geoscience Big Data and Deep Resource of Zhejiang Province, School of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Qun-Ke Xia
- Key Laboratory of Geoscience Big Data and Deep Resource of Zhejiang Province, School of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ho WGD, Zhang P, Haule K, Jackson JM, Dobrosavljević V, Dobrosavljevic VV. Quantum critical phase of FeO spans conditions of Earth's lower mantle. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3461. [PMID: 38658590 PMCID: PMC11043421 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47489-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Seismic and mineralogical studies have suggested regions at Earth's core-mantle boundary may be highly enriched in FeO, reported to exhibit metallic behavior at extreme pressure-temperature (P-T) conditions. However, underlying electronic processes in FeO remain poorly understood. Here we explore the electronic structure of B1-FeO at extreme conditions with large-scale theoretical modeling using state-of-the-art embedded dynamical mean field theory (eDMFT). Fine sampling of the phase diagram reveals that, instead of sharp metallization, compression of FeO at high temperatures induces a gradual orbitally selective insulator-metal transition. Specifically, at P-T conditions of the lower mantle, FeO exists in an intermediate quantum critical state, characteristic of strongly correlated electronic matter. Transport in this regime, distinct from insulating or metallic behavior, is marked by incoherent diffusion of electrons in the conducting t2g orbital and a band gap in the eg orbital, resulting in moderate electrical conductivity (~105 S/m) with modest P-T dependence as observed in experiments. Enrichment of solid FeO can thus provide a unifying explanation for independent observations of low seismic velocities and elevated electrical conductivities in heterogeneities at Earth's mantle base.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wai-Ga D Ho
- Department of Physics and National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Peng Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Non-equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710049, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China.
| | - Kristjan Haule
- Center for Materials Theory, Department of Physics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Jennifer M Jackson
- Seismological Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Vladimir Dobrosavljević
- Department of Physics and National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Vasilije V Dobrosavljevic
- Seismological Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.
- Earth and Planets Laboratory, Carnegie Institution for Science, Washington, DC, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bloem H, Curtis A. Bayesian geochemical correlation and tomography. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9266. [PMID: 38649456 PMCID: PMC11035682 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59701-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
To accurately reconstruct palaeoenvironmental change through time it is important to determine which rock samples were deposited contemporaneously at different sites or transects, as erroneous correlation may lead to incorrectly inferred processes and rates. To correlate samples, current practice interpolates geological age between datable units along each transect, then temporal signatures observed in geochemical logs are matched between transects. Unfortunately spatiotemporally variable and unknown rates of sedimentary deposition create highly nonlinear space-time transforms, significantly altering apparent geochemical signatures. The resulting correlational hypotheses are also untestable against independent transects, because correlations have no spatially-predictive power. Here we use geological process information stored within neural networks to correlate spatially offset logs nonlinearly and geologically. The same method creates tomographic images of geological age and geochemical signature across intervening rock volumes. Posterior tomographic images closely resemble the true depositional age throughout the inter-transect volume, even for scenarios with long hiatuses in preserved geochemical signals. Bayesian probability distributions describe data-consistent variations in the results, showing that centred summary statistics such as mean and variance do not adequately describe correlational uncertainties. Tomographic images demonstrate spatially predictive power away from geochemical transects, creating novel hypotheses attributable to each geochemical correlation which are testable against independent data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Bloem
- School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FE, UK.
| | - Andrew Curtis
- School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FE, UK
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Moore WS, Benitez-Nelson C, Schutte C, Moody A, Shiller A, Sibert RJ, Joye S. SGD-OD: investigating the potential oxygen demand of submarine groundwater discharge in coastal systems. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9249. [PMID: 38649393 PMCID: PMC11035578 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59229-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) supplies nutrients, carbon, metals, and radionuclide tracers to estuarine and coastal waters. One aspect of SGD that is poorly recognized is its direct effect on dissolved oxygen (DO) demand in receiving waters, denoted here as SGD-OD. Sulfate-mediated oxidation of organic matter in salty coastal aquifers produces numerous reduced byproducts including sulfide, ammonia, dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen, methane, and reduced metals. When these byproducts are introduced to estuarine and coastal systems by SGD and are oxidized, they may substantially reduce the DO concentration in receiving waters and impact organisms living there. We consider six estuarine and coastal sites where SGD derived fluxes of reduced byproducts are well documented. Using data from these sites we present a semiquantitative model to estimate the effect of these byproducts on DO in the receiving waters. Without continued aeration with atmospheric oxygen, the study sites would have experienced periodic hypoxic conditions due to SGD-OD. The presence of H2S supplied by SGD could also impact organisms. This process is likely prevalent in other systems worldwide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Willard S Moore
- School of the Earth, Ocean, & Environment, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.
| | - Claudia Benitez-Nelson
- School of the Earth, Ocean, & Environment, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Charles Schutte
- Department of Environmental Science, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, USA
| | - Amy Moody
- Division of Marine Science, Stennis Space Center, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, USA
| | - Alan Shiller
- Division of Marine Science, Stennis Space Center, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, USA
| | - Ryan J Sibert
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Samantha Joye
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Moyle M, Boyle J, Bennion H, Chiverrell R. TP or Not TP? Successful Comparison of Two Independent Methods Validates Total Phosphorus Inference for Long-Term Eutrophication Studies. Environ Sci Technol 2024. [PMID: 38639036 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c01816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Validating paleo total phosphorus (TP) inference methods over long time scales is essential for understanding historic changes in lake P supply and the processes leading up to the present-day global lake eutrophication crisis. Monitored lake water TP time series have enabled us to identify the drivers of eutrophication over recent decades. However, over longer time scales, the lack of reliable TP inference means our understanding of drivers is speculative. Validation of lake water TP reconstruction, therefore, remains the "ultimate aim" of eutrophication studies. Here, we present the first critical comparison of two fully independent paleo TP inference approaches: the well-established diatom method (DI-TP) and a recently developed sediment geochemical method (SI-TP). Using lake sediment records from a small eutrophic U.K. lake (Crose Mere), we find a statistically significant agreement between the two inferred TP records with greater than 60% shared variance. Both records show identical timings, with a 19th century acceleration in TP concentration and subsequent declines following a peak in 1930. This significant agreement establishes the validity of long-term paleo TP inference for the first time. With this, we can now test assumptions and paradigms that underpin understanding of catchment P sources and pathways over longer time scales.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine Moyle
- Department of Geography and Planning, University of Liverpool, 74 Bedford St South, Liverpool L69 7ZT, United Kingdom
| | - John Boyle
- Department of Geography and Planning, University of Liverpool, 74 Bedford St South, Liverpool L69 7ZT, United Kingdom
| | - Helen Bennion
- Department of Geography, University College London, North-West Wing, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Chiverrell
- Department of Geography and Planning, University of Liverpool, 74 Bedford St South, Liverpool L69 7ZT, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Tian Y, Zhang P, Zhang W, Feng X, Redfern SAT, Liu H. Iron alloys of volatile elements in the deep Earth's interior. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3320. [PMID: 38637525 PMCID: PMC11026407 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47663-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Investigations into the compositional model of the Earth, particularly the atypical concentrations of volatile elements within the silicate portion of the early Earth, have attracted significant interest due to their pivotal role in elucidating the planet's evolution and dynamics. To understand the behavior of such volatile elements, an established 'volatility trend' has been used to explain the observed depletion of certain volatile elements. However, elements such as Se and Br remain notably over-depleted in the silicate Earth. Here we show the results from first-principles simulations that explore the potential for these elements to integrate into hcp-Fe through the formation of substitutional alloys, long presumed to be predominant constituents of the Earth's core. Based on our findings, the thermodynamic stability of these alloys suggests that these volatile elements might indeed be partially sequestered within the Earth's core. We suggest potential reservoirs for volatile elements within the deep Earth, augmenting our understanding of the deep Earth's composition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Tian
- Key Laboratory of Material Simulation Methods and Software of Ministry of Education, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Peiyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Material Simulation Methods and Software of Ministry of Education, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Material Simulation Methods and Software of Ministry of Education, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Xiaolei Feng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Simon A T Redfern
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
- Asian School of the Environment, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Hanyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Material Simulation Methods and Software of Ministry of Education, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China.
- International Center of Future Science, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Knapp JLA, Napitupulu T, von Freyberg J, Rücker A, Studer B, Zappa M, Kirchner JW. Multi-year time series of daily solute and isotope measurements from three Swiss pre-Alpine catchments. Sci Data 2024; 11:393. [PMID: 38632248 PMCID: PMC11024116 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-024-03192-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Time series analyses of solute concentrations in streamwater and precipitation are powerful tools for unraveling the interplay of hydrological and biogeochemical processes at the catchment scale. While such datasets are available for many sites around the world, they often lack the necessary temporal resolution or are limited in the number of solutes they encompass. Here we present a multi-year dataset encompassing daily records of major ions and a range of trace metals in both streamwater and precipitation in three catchments in the northern Swiss Pre-Alps. These time series capture the temporal variability observed in solute concentrations in response to storm events, snow melt, and dry summer conditions. This dataset additionally includes stable water isotope data as an extension of a publicly available isotope dataset collected concurrently at the same locations, and together these data can provide insights into a range of ecohydrological processes and enable a suite of analyses into hydrologic and biogeochemical catchment functioning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia L A Knapp
- Department of Earth Sciences, Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK.
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Tracy Napitupulu
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jana von Freyberg
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
- EPF Lausanne, Environmental Engineering Institute IIE, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering ENAC, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Rücker
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Bjørn Studer
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Massimiliano Zappa
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - James W Kirchner
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Terzi MH, Kalkan M. Evaluation of soil pollution by heavy metal using index calculations and multivariate statistical analysis. Environ Monit Assess 2024; 196:443. [PMID: 38607502 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12569-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
This study aims to assess the extent of heavy metals (HMs) pollution in soil and identify its potential sources using single and integrated pollution index calculations, and multivariate statistical analysis. The HM concentrations of soil samples were analyzed using ICP-MS. The concentrations (mg/kg) of arsenic (As) ranged from 2.8 to 208.1, cadmium (Cd) from 0.1 to 0.3, cobalt (Co) from 1.9 to 20.5, copper (Cu) from 3.7 to 17.7, nickel (Ni) from 14.7 to 110.6, and lead (Pb) from 6.7 to 37.3. High levels of As contents and physicochemical parameters were found in the northeastern parts of the study area, while levels of other HMs were high in the remaining parts. The HM contents of some soil samples exceeded the average values of basalt and limestone in the study area, as well as the upper, bulk, and lower continental crusts, shale, and soil (worldwide). Multiple index methods were used to assess the pollution risk, and it was determined that some soil samples were moderately to considerably contaminated with varying levels of As, Cd, Co, Ni, and Pb. Multivariate statistical analyses provided that the source of HMs contamination in the soil was a result of geogenic and/or anthropogenic activities. Geogenic sources were associated with weathering rock units, while anthropogenic sources were linked to industrial activities, traffic emissions, and agricultural applications. The findings are useful for detecting contamination by HMs in soil, and they could contribute to future monitoring programs to prevent soil contamination and protect the health of living organisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Murat Kalkan
- Department of Geological Engineering, Aksaray University, Aksaray, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Dygert N, Ustunisik GK, Nielsen RL. Europium in plagioclase-hosted melt inclusions reveals mantle melting modulates oxygen fugacity. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3033. [PMID: 38589354 PMCID: PMC11001916 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47224-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
To gain insights into the composition and heterogeneity of Earth's interior, the partial pressure of oxygen (oxygen fugacity, or fO2) in igneous rocks is characterized. A surprising observation is that relative to reference buffers, fO2s of mantle melts (mid-ocean ridge basalts, or MORBs) and their presumed mantle sources (abyssal peridotites) differ. Globally, MORBs have near-uniform fO2s, whereas abyssal peridotites vary by about three orders of magnitude, suggesting these intimately related geologic reservoirs are out of equilibrium. Here, we characterize fO2s of mantle melting increments represented by plagioclase-hosted melt inclusions, which were entrapped as basaltic melts migrated from their sources toward the seafloor. At temperatures and fO2s constrained by rare earth element distributions, a range of fO2s consistent with the abyssal peridotites is recovered. The fO2s are correlated with geochemical proxies for mantle melting, suggesting partial melting of Earth's mantle decreases its fO2, and that the uniformity of MORB fO2s is a consequence of the melting process and plate tectonic cycling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Dygert
- Department of Earth, Environmental and Planetary Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, 1621 Cumberland Ave, 602 Strong Hall, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA.
| | - Gokce K Ustunisik
- Department of Geology and Geological Engineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, 501 E. St. Joseph St., Rapid City, SD, 57701, USA
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, American Museum of Natural History, 200 Central Park West, New York, NY, 10024, USA
| | - Roger L Nielsen
- Department of Geology and Geological Engineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, 501 E. St. Joseph St., Rapid City, SD, 57701, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Pérez NM, Padrón E, Melián G, Hernández PA, Padilla G, Barrancos J, Rodríguez F, D'Auria L, Calvo D. Volcanic soil gas 4He/CO 2 ratio: a useful geochemical tool for real-time eruption forecasting. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7985. [PMID: 38575700 PMCID: PMC10995166 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57666-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
At many dormant volcanoes, magmatic gases are not channeled through preferential degassing routes as fumaroles and only percolate through the flanks of the volcano in a diffuse way. This type of volcanic gas emission provides valuable information, even though the soil matrix contains an important atmospheric component. This study aimed to demonstrate that chemical ratios such as He/CO2 in soil gases provide excellent information on the evolution of volcanic unrest episodes and help forecast the volcanic eruption onset. Before and during the occurrence of the October 2011-March 2012 submarine of El Hierro, Canary Islands, more than 8500 soil He analyses and diffuse CO2 emission measurements were performed. The results show that the soil He/CO2 emission ratio began increasing drastically one month before eruption onset, reaching the maximum value 10 days before. During the eruptive period, this ratio also showed a maximum value several days before the period with the highest magma emission rate. The He/CO2 ratio was also helpful in forecasting the eruption onset. We demonstrate that this tool can be applied in real-time during volcanic emergencies. Our results also encourage a reevaluation of the global He emission from the subaerial volcanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nemesio M Pérez
- Instituto Volcanológico de Canarias (INVOLCAN), 38400, Puerto de la Cruz, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain.
- Environmental Research Division, ITER, 38600, Granadilla de Abona, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain.
| | - Eleazar Padrón
- Instituto Volcanológico de Canarias (INVOLCAN), 38400, Puerto de la Cruz, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
- Environmental Research Division, ITER, 38600, Granadilla de Abona, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Gladys Melián
- Instituto Volcanológico de Canarias (INVOLCAN), 38400, Puerto de la Cruz, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
- Environmental Research Division, ITER, 38600, Granadilla de Abona, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Pedro A Hernández
- Instituto Volcanológico de Canarias (INVOLCAN), 38400, Puerto de la Cruz, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
- Environmental Research Division, ITER, 38600, Granadilla de Abona, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - German Padilla
- Instituto Volcanológico de Canarias (INVOLCAN), 38400, Puerto de la Cruz, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
- Environmental Research Division, ITER, 38600, Granadilla de Abona, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - José Barrancos
- Instituto Volcanológico de Canarias (INVOLCAN), 38400, Puerto de la Cruz, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
- Environmental Research Division, ITER, 38600, Granadilla de Abona, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Fátima Rodríguez
- Instituto Volcanológico de Canarias (INVOLCAN), 38400, Puerto de la Cruz, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Luca D'Auria
- Instituto Volcanológico de Canarias (INVOLCAN), 38400, Puerto de la Cruz, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
- Environmental Research Division, ITER, 38600, Granadilla de Abona, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - David Calvo
- Instituto Volcanológico de Canarias (INVOLCAN), 38400, Puerto de la Cruz, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ben-Israel M, Holder RM, Nelson LL, Smith EF, Kylander-Clark ARC, Ryb U. Late Paleozoic oxygenation of marine environments supported by dolomite U-Pb dating. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2892. [PMID: 38570492 PMCID: PMC10991507 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46660-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding causal relationships between evolution and ocean oxygenation hinges on reliable reconstructions of marine oxygen levels, typically from redox-sensitive geochemical proxies. Here, we develop a proxy, using dolomite U-Pb geochronology, to reconstruct seawater U/Pb ratios. Dolomite samples consistently give U-Pb dates and initial 207Pb/206Pb ratios lower than expected from their stratigraphic ages. These observations are explained by resetting of the U-Pb system long after deposition; the magnitude of deviations from expected initial 207Pb/206Pb are a function of the redox-sensitive U/Pb ratios during deposition. Reconstructed initial U/Pb ratios increased notably in the late-Paleozoic, reflecting an increase in oxygenation of marine environments at that time. This timeline is consistent with documented shifts in some other redox proxies and supports evolution-driven mechanisms for the oxygenation of late-Paleozoic marine environments, as well as suggestions that early animals thrived in oceans that on long time scales were oxygen-limited compared to today.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michal Ben-Israel
- The The Fredy & Nadine Herrmann Institute of Earth Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Merced, CA, USA
| | - Robert M Holder
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Lyle L Nelson
- Department of Earth Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, ON, Canada
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, MA, USA
| | - Emily F Smith
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Uri Ryb
- The The Fredy & Nadine Herrmann Institute of Earth Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kvashnina K, Claret F, Clavier N, Levitskaia TG, Wainwright H, Yao T. Long-term, sustainable solutions to radioactive waste management. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5907. [PMID: 38467714 PMCID: PMC10928205 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55911-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Kvashnina
- Institute of Resource Ecology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany.
- The Rossendorf Beamline at ESRF, CS 40220, 38043, Grenoble Cedex 9, France.
| | - Francis Claret
- BRGM, 3, Avenue Claude Guillemin, 45060cedex 2, Orléans, France
| | - Nicolas Clavier
- ICSM, University of Montpellier, CEA, CNRS, ENSCM, Marcoule, France
| | - Tatiana G Levitskaia
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | | | - Tiankai Yao
- Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls, ID, 83415, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Liu X, Zhang L, Zhu S, Li L, Xiong X. Oxidation state of Cu in silicate melts at upper mantle conditions. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5802. [PMID: 38461155 PMCID: PMC10925016 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56538-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Beyond its economic value, copper (Cu) serves as a valuable tracer of deep magmatic processes due to its close relationship with magmatic sulfide evolution and sensitivity to oxygen fugacity (fO2). However, determining Cu's oxidation state (+ 1 or + 2) in silicate melts, crucial for interpreting its behavior and reconstructing fO2 in the Earth's interior, has long been a challenge. This study utilizes X-ray Absorption Near Edge Structure spectroscopy to investigate the Cu oxidation state in hydrous mafic silicate melts equilibrated under diverse fO2 (- 1.8 to 3.1 log units relative to the Fayalite-Magnetite-Quartz buffer), temperature (1150-1300 °C), and pressure (1.0-2.5 GPa) conditions. Our results reveal that Cu predominantly exists as Cu+ across all fO2 conditions, with a minor Cu2+ component. This dominance of Cu+ persists even in relatively oxidized melts, highlighting its limited sensitivity to fO2 under upper mantle conditions. This significantly constrains the utility of Cu as an oxybarometer in hydrous silicate melts in the deep Earth. However, our findings suggest that Cu isotopes primarily reflect the interplay of sulfide segregation/accumulation during magmatic differentiation, shedding light on these fundamental processes in Earth's interior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xingcheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Isotope Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Isotope Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Sanyuan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Li Li
- State Key Laboratory of Isotope Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Xiaolin Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Isotope Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Nozaki T, Fukushima Y, Okada S, Takaya Y, Makabe A, Watanabe M. In situ gold adsorption experiment at an acidic hot spring using a blue-green algal sheet. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5739. [PMID: 38459152 PMCID: PMC10923829 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56263-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Gold (Au), as one of the most precious metal resources that is used for both industrial products and private ornaments, is a global investment target, and mining companies are making huge investments to discover new Au deposits. Here, we report in situ Au adsorption in an acidic hot spring by a unique adsorption sheet made from blue-green algae with a high preferential adsorption ability for Au. The results of in situ Au adsorption experiments conducted for various reaction times ranging from 0.2 h to 7 months showed that a maximum Au concentration of 30 ppm was adsorbed onto the blue-green algal sheet after a reaction time of 7 months. The Au concentration in the hot spring water was below the detection limit (< 1 ppt); therefore, Au was enriched by preferential adsorption onto the blue-green algal sheet by a factor of more than ~ 3 × 107. Thus, our gold recovery method has a high potential to recover Au even from an Au-poor solution such as hot spring water or mine wastewater with a low impact on the environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuo Nozaki
- Research Institute for Marine Resources Utilization, Submarine Resources Research Center, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), 2-15 Natsushima-cho, Yokosuka, 237-0061, Japan.
- School of Engineering, Frontier Research Center for Energy and Resources, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan.
- Department of Planetology, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan.
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Ottawa, 25 Templeton Street, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada.
| | - Yasuyuki Fukushima
- Applied Physics and Chemistry Group, Technology Platform Center, Technology and Intelligence Integration, IHI Corporation, 1 Shin-nakahara-cho, Yokohama, 235-8501, Japan
| | - Satoshi Okada
- Super-cutting-edge Grand and Advanced Research Program, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Institute for Extra-cutting-edge Science and Technology Avant-garde Research (X-Star), 2-15 Natsushima-cho, Yokosuka, 237-0061, Japan
| | - Yutaro Takaya
- Research Institute for Marine Resources Utilization, Submarine Resources Research Center, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), 2-15 Natsushima-cho, Yokosuka, 237-0061, Japan
- Department of Systems Innovation, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan
| | - Akiko Makabe
- Super-cutting-edge Grand and Advanced Research Program, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Institute for Extra-cutting-edge Science and Technology Avant-garde Research (X-Star), 2-15 Natsushima-cho, Yokosuka, 237-0061, Japan
| | - Masayuki Watanabe
- Research Institute for Marine Resources Utilization, Submarine Resources Research Center, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), 2-15 Natsushima-cho, Yokosuka, 237-0061, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Arouri KR, Herrera CG. Phase envelopes in reservoir fill analysis: Two contrasting scenarios. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5601. [PMID: 38453986 PMCID: PMC10920812 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56058-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Phase envelopes are routinely employed by reservoir engineers for fluid characterisation. These envelopes are controlled by reservoir fluid composition, pressure and temperature. As a result of increasing source-rock maturation, fluids with decreasing molecular weights and densities and increasing gas-to-oil ratios (and hence different phase envelopes) are generated, which are thus linked to fluid history. In addition to their importance for exploration, charge models can play a key role in constraining reservoir models and optimising field development, particularly when pressure-volume-temperature (PVT) data are properly integrated with fluid geochemistry. Two contrasting scenarios of fluid phase evolution from two different fields are presented, and their relations to charge analysis and reservoir models are discussed. The first example discusses the identification, based on hydrocarbon geochemistry complemented by overlapping modeled phase envelopes, of compartmentalised filling cycles in what was initially considered a single oil-rimmed gas accumulation. The second example presents an opposite scenario where two wet gas accumulations 20-km apart laterally and 400-feet average depth difference appear to represent a single more-expansive accumulation spread over areas of variable PVT conditions and reservoir qualities. The wet gas across both accumulations is characterised by a continuous phase evolution pattern that shrinks systematically (cricondentherm shifts to lower temperature and cricondenbar to lower pressure), suggestive of phase fractionation of a charge of single maturity. The proposed gas distribution model represents a discovery of a hybrid conventional and unconventional (tight sand) system, with potential for basin-centered gas. These findings provided better understanding of observed and projected fluids, impacting the development and completion plans by locating new gas producers. A recent well drilled midway between the two accumulations indeed tested wet gas, confirming fluid connectivity. Future work will attempt to link the gas distribution model with seismic attributes.
Collapse
|
18
|
Bramble MS, Hand KP. Spectral evidence for irradiated halite on Mars. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5503. [PMID: 38448458 PMCID: PMC10917766 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55979-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The proposed chloride salt-bearing deposits on Mars have an enigmatic composition due to the absence of distinct spectral absorptions for the unique mineral at all wavelengths investigated. We report on analyses of remote visible-wavelength spectroscopic observations that exhibit properties indicative of the mineral halite (NaCl) when irradiated. Visible spectra of halite are generally featureless, but when irradiated by high-energy particles they develop readily-identifiable spectral alterations in the form of color centers. Consistent spectral characteristics observed in the reflectance data of the chloride salt-bearing deposits support the presence of radiation-formed color centers of halite on the surface of Mars. We observe a seasonal cycle of color center formation with higher irradiated halite values during winter months, with the colder temperatures interpreted as increasing the formation efficiency and stability. Irradiated halite identified on the surface of Mars suggests that the visible surface is being irradiated to the degree that defects are forming in alkali halide crystal structures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Bramble
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA, 91109, USA.
| | - Kevin P Hand
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA, 91109, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
LaDouceur BO, McCanta M, Sharma B, Sarabia G, Dunn NE, Darby Dyar M. Predicting Silicate Glass Geochemistry Using Raman Spectroscopy and Supervised Machine Learning: Partial Least Square Applications to Amorphous Raman Spectra. Appl Spectrosc 2024:37028241234681. [PMID: 38439705 DOI: 10.1177/00037028241234681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Here, Raman spectroscopy is used to develop a univariate partial least squares (PLS) calibration capable of quantifying geochemistry in synthetic and natural silicate glass samples. The calibration yields eight oxide-specific models that allow predictions of silicon dioxide (SiO2), sodium oxide (Na2O), potassium oxide (K2O), calcium oxide (CaO), titanium dioxide (TiO2), aluminum oxide (Al2O3), ferrous oxide (FeOT), and magnesium oxide (MgO) (wt%) in glasses spanning a wide range of compositions, while also providing correlation-coefficient matrices that highlight the importance of specific Raman channels in the regression of a particular oxide. The PLS suite is trained on 48 of the 69 total glasses, and tested against 21 validation samples (i.e., held out of training). Trends in root mean square error of calibration (RMSEC), root mean square error of cross-validation (RMSECV), and root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) model accuracy metrics are investigated to uncover the efficacy of utilizing multivariate analysis for such Raman data and are contextualized against recently produced strategies. The technique yields an average root mean of calibration (∼2.4 wt%), cross-validation (∼ 2.9 wt%), prediction (∼ 2.6 wt%), and normalized variance (∼ 28%). Raman band positional shifts are also mapped against underlying chemical variations; with major influences arising primarily as a function of overall oxidation state and silica concentration: via ferric cation (Fe3+)/ferrous cation (Fe2+) ratios and SiO2 (wt%). The algorithm is further validated preliminarily against a separate external set of 11 natural basaltic glasses to unravel the limitations of the synthetic models on natural samples, and to determine the suitability of "universal" Raman-model applications in scenarios where prior chemical contextualization of the target sample is possible. This study represents the first time Raman spectra of amorphous silicates have been paired with PLS, offering a foundation for future improvements utilizing these systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Blake O LaDouceur
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Tennessee at Knoxville, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Molly McCanta
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Tennessee at Knoxville, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Bhavya Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee at Knoxville, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Grace Sarabia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee at Knoxville, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Natalie E Dunn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee at Knoxville, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - M Darby Dyar
- Department of Astronomy, Mount Holyoke College, South Hadley, Massachusetts, USA
- Planetary Science Institute, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Watson SJ, Arisdakessian C, Petelo M, Keliipuleole K, Tachera DK, Okuhata BK, Frank KL. Groundwater microbial communities reflect geothermal activity on volcanic island. Geobiology 2024; 22:e12591. [PMID: 38458993 PMCID: PMC11027952 DOI: 10.1111/gbi.12591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Studies of the effects of volcanic activity on the Hawaiian Islands are extremely relevant due to the past and current co-eruptions at both Mauna Loa and Kīlauea. The Big Island of Hawai'i is one of the most seismically monitored volcanic systems in the world, and recent investigations of the Big Island suggest a widespread subsurface connectivity between volcanoes. Volcanic activity has the potential to add mineral contaminants into groundwater ecosystems, thus affecting water quality, and making inhabitants of volcanic islands particularly vulnerable due to dependence on groundwater aquifers. As part of an interdisciplinary study on groundwater aquifers in Kona, Hawai'i, over 40 groundwater wells were sampled quarterly from August 2017 through March 2019, before and after the destructive eruption of the Kīlauea East Rift Zone in May 2018. Sample sites occurred at great distance (~80 km) from Kīlauea, allowing us to pose questions of how volcanic groundwater aquifers might be influenced by volcanic subsurface activity. Approximately 400 water samples were analyzed and temporally split by pre-eruption and post-eruption for biogeochemical analysis. While most geochemical constituents did not differ across quarterly sampling, microbial communities varied temporally (pre- and post-eruption). When a salinity threshold amongst samples was set, the greatest microbial community differences were observed in the freshest groundwater samples. Differential analysis indicated bacterial families with sulfur (S) metabolisms (sulfate reducers, sulfide oxidation, and disproportionation of S-intermediates) were enriched post-eruption. The diversity in S-cyclers without a corresponding change in sulfate geochemistry suggests cryptic cycling may occur in groundwater aquifers as a result of distant volcanic subsurface activity. Microbial communities, including taxa that cycle S, may be superior tracers to changes in groundwater quality, especially from direct inputs of subsurface volcanic activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sheree J Watson
- Pacific Biosciences Research Center, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Cédric Arisdakessian
- Department of Information and Computer Sciences, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Maria Petelo
- Pacific Biosciences Research Center, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Kekuʻiapōiula Keliipuleole
- Pacific Biosciences Research Center, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Diamond K Tachera
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Brytne K Okuhata
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Kiana L Frank
- Pacific Biosciences Research Center, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Gómez-Frutos D, Castro A, de la Rosa J. The pristine precursor of Andean-type magmatism preserved in magma mingling zones. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5047. [PMID: 38424132 PMCID: PMC10904382 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55699-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Intermediate magma compositions have been postulated to be parental to Andean-type magmatism in the recent years. Geochemical and experimental methods have allowed the modelling of a hypothetical parental composition that accounts for the major element trends displayed by Andean-type batholiths. However, natural plutonic examples matching the modelled composition remain lacking, likely due to the predominance of fractionated liquids and cumulates in the batholiths after protracted and large-scale differentiation. Contrary to this, magma mingling zones, a common feature in Andean-type batholiths, are characterised by quenching phenomena, minimising differentiation. In this paper, we present data from intermediate magmatism in the world-class Gerena magma mingling zone in the Seville Sierra Norte batholith (southern Iberia), compositionally equivalent to Andean-type magmatic series. Geochemical data from quenched dark globules of variable scale and the corresponding host granodiorites are contrasted with the bimodal trends displayed by the host batholith. Results suggest that the smaller-scale dark globules have not undergone any significant fractionation. Furthermore, after conducting geochemical modelling we conclude the dark globules represent a composition that could be parental to Andean-type magmas. We propose that magma mingling zones are an optimal place to probe for parental magmas of Andean-type magmatism, particularly those represented in pristine melanocratic, intermediate globules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Gómez-Frutos
- Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), C. José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Antonio Castro
- Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), C. José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús de la Rosa
- Centro de Investigación CIQSO, Universidad de Huelva, Huelva, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Guilderson TP, Glynn DS, McCarthy MD. Tropical decadal variability in nutrient supply and phytoplankton community in the Central Equatorial Pacific during the late Holocene. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4161. [PMID: 38378879 PMCID: PMC10879156 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54635-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
We have reconstructed baseline δ15N and δ13C of export production at Kingman Reef in the Central Equatorial Pacific (CEP) at sub-decadal resolution, nearly continuously over the last 2000 years. The changes in δ15N reflects the strength of the North Equatorial Counter Current (NECC) relative to the South Equatorial Current (SEC), and to a lesser extent, the North Equatorial Current (NEC). Seasonal to multi-decadal variation in the strength of these currents, through the redistribution of heat, have global climate impacts and influence marine and terrestrial ecosystems. We use modern El Niño-La Nina dynamics and the Tropical Pacific Decadal Variability (TPDV) pattern, which is defined in the CEP, as a framework for analyzing the isotopic data. The CEP δ15N and δ13C records exhibit multi-decadal (50-60 year) variability consistent with TPDV. A large multi-centennial feature in the CEP δ15N data, within age-model uncertainties, is consistent with one of the prolonged dry-pluvial sequences in the American west at the end of the Medieval Climate Anomaly, where low TPDV is correlated with drier conditions. This unique record shows that the strength of the NECC, as reflected in baseline δ15N and δ13C, has at quasi-predictable intervals throughout the late Holocene, toggled the phytoplankton community between prokaryotes and picoplankton versus eukaryotes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T P Guilderson
- Ocean Sciences Department, University of California - Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA, USA.
| | - D S Glynn
- Ocean Sciences Department, University of California - Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - M D McCarthy
- Ocean Sciences Department, University of California - Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Smit MA, Musiyachenko KA, Goumans J. Author Correction: Archaean continental crust formed from mafic cumulates. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1324. [PMID: 38351105 PMCID: PMC10864302 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45941-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Matthijs A Smit
- Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2020-2207 Main Mall, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4, Canada.
- Department of Geosciences, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Frescativägen 40, SE-104 05, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Kira A Musiyachenko
- Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2020-2207 Main Mall, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Jeroen Goumans
- Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2020-2207 Main Mall, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Navidtalab A, Mehrabi H, Shafaii Moghadam H, Rahimpour-Bonab H. Strontium isotope proxy of sedimentological records reveals uplift and erosion in the Southeastern Neo-Tethys ocean during the late Cretaceous. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3499. [PMID: 38347075 PMCID: PMC10861479 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54128-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The mutual interplays between plate tectonic processes, orogenesis and continental uplift, high-flux magmatism, and high sedimentation rates can affect the geochemical signatures and composition of marine sediments. Here, we examine two major disconformities, the Cenomanian-Turonian boundary (CT-ES) and the middle Turonian (mT-ES) exposure surfaces, from the Upper Cretaceous sedimentary successions of the southeastern Neo-Tethys Ocean in the Zagros Basin (Iran). The disconformities are expressed as distinct positive peaks in rubidium (Rb) contents and 87Sr/86Sr isotopic ratios of carbonates. The 87Sr/86Sr values of samples bracketing the disconformities in seven well cores give average age ranges of 94.4-93.6 Ma for the CT-ES and 91-86 Ma for the mT-ES. These ages fall in the timespan of forearc/ophiolite formation through subduction initiation in the Neo-Tethys realm (southern margin of Eurasia), high convergence velocities between Arabia and Eurasia, and blueschist exhumation. All these processes involved buckling of the Neo-Tethyan lithosphere, initiating the Neo-Tethys closure and a high erosion rate on the Eurasian margin. The first two mechanisms exerted considerable compressional forces on the adjacent carbonate platforms, reactivated basement faults, and led to the uplift and erosion of the Arabian Plate, which provided the high contents of Rb and the high 87Sr/86Sr ratios in the carbonates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amin Navidtalab
- School of Earth Sciences, Damghan University, Damghan, 36716-45667, Iran.
| | - Hamzeh Mehrabi
- School of Geology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hadi Shafaii Moghadam
- School of Earth Sciences, Damghan University, Damghan, 36716-45667, Iran
- Department of Geological Engineering, Karadeniz Technical University, 61100, Trabzon, Turkey
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Norouzi S, Wagner T, MacDonald A, Bischoff J, Brasche J, Trojahn S, Spray J, Pereira R. Dissolved organic matter quantity and quality response of tropical rainforest headwater rivers to the transition from dry to wet season. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3270. [PMID: 38332222 PMCID: PMC10853192 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53362-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) and its composition in aquatic ecosystems is a key indicator of ecosystem function and an important component of the global carbon cycle. Tropical rainforest headwaters play an important role in global carbon cycling. However, there is a large uncertainty on how DOM sources interact during mobilisation and the potential fate of associated carbon and nutrients. Using field techniques to measure dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration and composition, changes in DOM source from headwaters to larger downstream rivers were observed. This study shows that the hydrological connectivity, developed during the transition from dry to wet seasons, changes the DOM supply and transport across a tropical river catchment. The observed variability in the DOC-river discharge relationship provides further evidence of the changes in the DOM supply in a small headwater. This novel insight into the seasonal changes of the dynamics of DOM supply to the river helps understanding the mobilization of terrestrial DOM to tropical headwaters and its export from smaller to larger rivers. It also highlights the data gap in the study of smaller headwaters which may account for uncertainty in estimating the terrestrial carbon transported by inland waters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Norouzi
- The Lyell Centre, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - T Wagner
- The Lyell Centre, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - A MacDonald
- British Geological Survey, The Lyell Centre, Edinburgh, UK
| | - J Bischoff
- The Lyell Centre, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - J Brasche
- Iwokrama International Centre for Rainforest Conservation and Development, Georgetown, Guyana
| | - S Trojahn
- The James Hutton Institute, Aberdeen, UK
| | - J Spray
- The Lyell Centre, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - R Pereira
- The Lyell Centre, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Broz AP, Pritchard-Peterson D, Spinola D, Schneider S, Retallack G, Silva LCR. Eocene (50-55 Ma) greenhouse climate recorded in nonmarine rocks of San Diego, CA, USA. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2613. [PMID: 38297060 PMCID: PMC10830502 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53210-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Nonmarine rocks in sea cliffs of southern California store a detailed record of weathering under tropical conditions millions of years ago, where today the climate is much drier and cooler. This work examines early Eocene (~ 50-55 million-year-old) deeply weathered paleosols (ancient, buried soils) exposed in marine terraces of northern San Diego County, California, and uses their geochemistry and mineralogy to reconstruct climate and weathering intensity during early Eocene greenhouse climates. These Eocene warm spikes have been modeled as prequels for ongoing anthropogenic global warming driven by a spike in atmospheric CO2. Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum (PETM, ~ 55 Ma) kaolinitic paleosols developed in volcaniclastic conglomerates are evidence of intense weathering (CIA > 98) under warm and wet conditions (mean annual temperature [MAT] of ~ 17 °C ± 4.4 °C and mean annual precipitation [MAP] of ~ 1500 ± 299 mm). Geologically younger Early Eocene climatic optimum (EECO, 50 Ma) high shrink-swell (Vertisol) paleosols developed in coarse sandstones are also intensely weathered (CIA > 80) with MAT estimates of ~ 20 °C ± 4.4 °C but have lower estimated MAP (~ 1100 ± 299 mm), suggesting a less humid climate for the EECO greenhouse spike than for the earlier PETM greenhouse spike.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian P Broz
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Purdue University, Lafayette, IN, USA.
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA.
| | | | - Diogo Spinola
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, University of North British Columbia, Prince George, BC, Canada
| | - Sarah Schneider
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
| | | | - Lucas C R Silva
- Environmental Studies Program, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Wang H, Liu L, Gao Z, Yang L, Naren G, Mao S. Structure and elasticity of CaC 2O 5 suggests carbonate contribution to the seismic anomalies of Earth's mantle. Nat Commun 2024; 15:755. [PMID: 38272879 PMCID: PMC10811330 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-44925-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Knowledge of carbonate compounds under high pressure inside Earth is key to understanding the internal structure of the Earth, the deep carbon cycle and major geological events. Here we use first-principles simulations to calculate the structure and elasticity of CaC2O5-minerals with different symmetries under high pressure. Our calculations show that CaC2O5-minerals represent a group of low-density low-seismic-wave velocity mantle minerals. Changes in seismic wave velocity caused by the phase transformation of CaC2O5-Cc to CaC2O5-I[Formula: see text]2d (CaC2O5-C2-l) agree with wave velocity discontinuity at a depth of 660 km in the mantle transition zone. Moreover, when CaC2O5-Fdd2 transforms into CaC2O5-C2 under 70 GPa, its shear wave velocity decreases by 7.4%, and its density increases by 5.8%, which is consistent with the characteristics of large low-shear-velocity provinces (LLSVPs). Furthermore, the shear wave velocity of CaC2O5-I[Formula: see text]2d is very similar to that of cubic Ca-perovskite, which is one of the main constituents of the previously detected LLSVPs. Therefore, we propose that CaC2O5 and its high-pressure polymorphs may be a main component of LLSVPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, and School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences, 100083, Beijing, China
- United Laboratory of High-Pressure Physics and Earthquake Science, Institute of Earthquake Forecasting, China Earthquake Administration, 100036, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Liu
- United Laboratory of High-Pressure Physics and Earthquake Science, Institute of Earthquake Forecasting, China Earthquake Administration, 100036, Beijing, China.
| | - Zihan Gao
- United Laboratory of High-Pressure Physics and Earthquake Science, Institute of Earthquake Forecasting, China Earthquake Administration, 100036, Beijing, China
| | - Longxing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, and School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences, 100083, Beijing, China
- United Laboratory of High-Pressure Physics and Earthquake Science, Institute of Earthquake Forecasting, China Earthquake Administration, 100036, Beijing, China
| | - Gerile Naren
- United Laboratory of High-Pressure Physics and Earthquake Science, Institute of Earthquake Forecasting, China Earthquake Administration, 100036, Beijing, China
| | - Shide Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, and School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences, 100083, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Soued C, Bogard MJ, Finlay K, Bortolotti LE, Leavitt PR, Badiou P, Knox SH, Jensen S, Mueller P, Lee SC, Ng D, Wissel B, Chan CN, Page B, Kowal P. Salinity causes widespread restriction of methane emissions from small inland waters. Nat Commun 2024; 15:717. [PMID: 38267478 PMCID: PMC10808391 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-44715-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Inland waters are one of the largest natural sources of methane (CH4), a potent greenhouse gas, but emissions models and estimates were developed for solute-poor ecosystems and may not apply to salt-rich inland waters. Here we combine field surveys and eddy covariance measurements to show that salinity constrains microbial CH4 cycling through complex mechanisms, restricting aquatic emissions from one of the largest global hardwater regions (the Canadian Prairies). Existing models overestimated CH4 emissions from ponds and wetlands by up to several orders of magnitude, with discrepancies linked to salinity. While not significant for rivers and larger lakes, salinity interacted with organic matter availability to shape CH4 patterns in small lentic habitats. We estimate that excluding salinity leads to overestimation of emissions from small Canadian Prairie waterbodies by at least 81% ( ~ 1 Tg yr-1 CO2 equivalent), a quantity comparable to other major national emissions sources. Our findings are consistent with patterns in other hardwater landscapes, likely leading to an overestimation of global lentic CH4 emissions. Widespread salinization of inland waters may impact CH4 cycling and should be considered in future projections of aquatic emissions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Soued
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Matthew J Bogard
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada.
| | - Kerri Finlay
- Department of Biology, University of Regina, Regina, SK, S4S 0A2, Canada
- Institute of Environmental Change and Society, University of Regina, S4S 0A2, Regina, SK, Canada
| | - Lauren E Bortolotti
- Institute for Wetland & Waterfowl Research, Ducks Unlimited Canada, PO Box 1160, R0C 2Z0, Stonewall, MB, Canada
| | - Peter R Leavitt
- Institute of Environmental Change and Society, University of Regina, S4S 0A2, Regina, SK, Canada
- Limnology Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Regina, Regina, SK, S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - Pascal Badiou
- Institute for Wetland & Waterfowl Research, Ducks Unlimited Canada, PO Box 1160, R0C 2Z0, Stonewall, MB, Canada
| | - Sara H Knox
- Department of Geography, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Geography, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sydney Jensen
- Department of Biology, University of Regina, Regina, SK, S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - Peka Mueller
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Sung Ching Lee
- Department of Geography, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Biogeochemical Integration, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - Darian Ng
- Department of Geography, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Björn Wissel
- Institute of Environmental Change and Society, University of Regina, S4S 0A2, Regina, SK, Canada
- LEHNA, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69622, Villeurbanne, Cedex, France
| | - Chun Ngai Chan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Bryan Page
- Institute for Wetland & Waterfowl Research, Ducks Unlimited Canada, PO Box 1160, R0C 2Z0, Stonewall, MB, Canada
| | - Paige Kowal
- Institute for Wetland & Waterfowl Research, Ducks Unlimited Canada, PO Box 1160, R0C 2Z0, Stonewall, MB, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Smit MA, Musiyachenko KA, Goumans J. Archaean continental crust formed from mafic cumulates. Nat Commun 2024; 15:692. [PMID: 38267412 PMCID: PMC10808207 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-44849-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Large swaths of juvenile crust with tonalite-trondhjemite-granodiorite (TTG) composition were added to the continental crust from about 3.5 billion years ago. Although TTG magmatism marked a pivotal step in early crustal growth and cratonisation, the petrogenetic processes, tectonic setting and sources of TTGs are not well known. Here, we investigate the composition and petrogenesis of Archaean TTGs using high field-strength-element systematics. The Nb concentrations and Ti anomalies of TTGs show the overwhelming effects of amphibole and plagioclase fractionation and permit constraints on the composition of primary TTG melts. These melts are relatively incompatible element-poor and characterised by variably high La/Sm, Sm/Yb and Sr/Y, and positive Eu anomalies. Differences in these parameters are not indicative of melting depth, but instead track differences in the degree of melting and fractional crystallisation. Primary TTGs formed by the melting of rutile- and garnet-bearing plagioclase-cumulate rocks that resided in proto-continental roots. The partial melting of these rocks is part of a causal chain that links TTG magmatism to the formation of sanukitoids and K-rich granites. Together, these processes explain the growth and differentiation of the continental crust during the Archaean without requiring external forcing such as meteorite impact or the start of global plate tectonics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthijs A Smit
- Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2020-2207 Main Mall, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4, Canada.
- Department of Geosciences, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Frescativägen 40, SE-104 05, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Kira A Musiyachenko
- Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2020-2207 Main Mall, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Jeroen Goumans
- Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2020-2207 Main Mall, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Goldman AL, Fulk EM, Momper LM, Heider C, Mulligan J, Osburn M, Masiello CA, Silberg JJ. Microbial sensor variation across biogeochemical conditions in the terrestrial deep subsurface. mSystems 2024; 9:e0096623. [PMID: 38059636 PMCID: PMC10805038 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00966-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbes can be found in abundance many kilometers underground. While microbial metabolic capabilities have been examined across different geochemical settings, it remains unclear how changes in subsurface niches affect microbial needs to sense and respond to their environment. To address this question, we examined how microbial extracellular sensor systems vary with environmental conditions across metagenomes at different Deep Mine Microbial Observatory (DeMMO) subsurface sites. Because two-component systems (TCSs) directly sense extracellular conditions and convert this information into intracellular biochemical responses, we expected that this sensor family would vary across isolated oligotrophic subterranean environments that differ in abiotic and biotic conditions. TCSs were found at all six subsurface sites, the service water control, and the surface site, with an average of 0.88 sensor histidine kinases (HKs) per 100 genes across all sites. Abundance was greater in subsurface fracture fluids compared with surface-derived fluids, and candidate phyla radiation (CPR) bacteria presented the lowest HK frequencies. Measures of microbial diversity, such as the Shannon diversity index, revealed that HK abundance is inversely correlated with microbial diversity (r2 = 0.81). Among the geochemical parameters measured, HK frequency correlated most strongly with variance in dissolved organic carbon (r2 = 0.82). Taken together, these results implicate the abiotic and biotic properties of an ecological niche as drivers of sensor needs, and they suggest that microbes in environments with large fluctuations in organic nutrients (e.g., lacustrine, terrestrial, and coastal ecosystems) may require greater TCS diversity than ecosystems with low nutrients (e.g., open ocean).IMPORTANCEThe ability to detect extracellular environmental conditions is a fundamental property of all life forms. Because microbial two-component sensor systems convert information about extracellular conditions into biochemical information that controls their behaviors, we evaluated how two-component sensor systems evolved within the deep Earth across multiple sites where abiotic and biotic properties vary. We show that these sensor systems remain abundant in microbial consortia at all subterranean sampling sites and observe correlations between sensor system abundances and abiotic (dissolved organic carbon variation) and biotic (consortia diversity) properties. These results suggest that multiple environmental properties may drive sensor protein evolution and highlight the need for further studies of metagenomic and geochemical data in parallel to understand the drivers of microbial sensor evolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Emily M. Fulk
- Systems, Synthetic, and Physical Biology Graduate Program, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Lily M. Momper
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Clinton Heider
- Rice University, Center for Research Computing, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - John Mulligan
- Rice University, Center for Research Computing, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Magdalena Osburn
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Caroline A. Masiello
- Department of Biosciences, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Earth, Environmental and Planetary Sciences, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jonathan J. Silberg
- Department of Biosciences, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Cáceres F, Hess KU, Eitel M, Döblinger M, McCartney KN, Colombier M, Gilder SA, Scheu B, Kaliwoda M, Dingwell DB. Oxide nanolitisation-induced melt iron extraction causes viscosity jumps and enhanced explosivity in silicic magma. Nat Commun 2024; 15:604. [PMID: 38242880 PMCID: PMC10799068 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-44850-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Explosivity in erupting volcanoes is controlled by the degassing dynamics and the viscosity of the ascending magma in the conduit. Magma crystallisation enhances both heterogeneous bubble nucleation and increases in magma bulk viscosity. Nanolite crystallisation has been suggested to enhance such processes too, but in a noticeably higher extent. Yet the precise causes of the resultant strong viscosity increase remain unclear. Here we report experimental results for rapid nanolite crystallisation in natural silicic magma and the extent of the subsequent viscosity increase. Nanolite-free and nanolite-bearing rhyolite magmas were subjected to heat treatments, where magmas crystallised or re-crystallised oxide nanolites depending on their initial state, showing an increase of one order of magnitude as oxide nanolites formed. We thus demonstrate that oxide nanolites crystallisation increases magma bulk viscosity mainly by increasing the viscosity of its melt phase due to the chemical extraction of iron, whereas the physical effect of particle suspension is minor, almost negligible. Importantly, we further observe that this increase is sufficient for driving magma fragmentation depending on magma degassing and ascent dynamics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Cáceres
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) München, Theresienstr. 41, 80333, Munich, Germany.
- Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Católica del Maule, Avenida San Miguel, 3605, Talca, Chile.
| | - Kai-Uwe Hess
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) München, Theresienstr. 41, 80333, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Eitel
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) München, Theresienstr. 41, 80333, Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Döblinger
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) München, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Kelly N McCartney
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA
| | - Mathieu Colombier
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) München, Theresienstr. 41, 80333, Munich, Germany
| | - Stuart A Gilder
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) München, Theresienstr. 41, 80333, Munich, Germany
| | - Bettina Scheu
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) München, Theresienstr. 41, 80333, Munich, Germany
| | - Melanie Kaliwoda
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) München, Theresienstr. 41, 80333, Munich, Germany
- Mineralogical State Collection of Munich (SNSB-Natural Science Collections of Bavaria), Theresienstrasse 41, 80333, Munich, Germany
| | - Donald B Dingwell
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) München, Theresienstr. 41, 80333, Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Stinson I, Li HH, Tsui MTK, Ku P, Ulus Y, Cheng Z, Lam HM. Tree foliage as a net accumulator of highly toxic methylmercury. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1757. [PMID: 38242950 PMCID: PMC10799008 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51469-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Tree canopies are known to elevate atmospheric inputs of both mercury (Hg) and methylmercury (MeHg). While foliar uptake of gaseous Hg is well documented, little is known regarding the temporal dynamics and origins of MeHg in tree foliage, which represents typically less than 1% of total Hg in foliage. In this work, we examined the foliar total Hg and MeHg content by following the growth of five individual trees of American Beech (Fagus grandifolia) for one growing season (April-November, 2017) in North Carolina, USA. We show that similar to other studies foliar Hg content increased almost linearly over time, with daily accumulation rates ranging from 0.123 to 0.161 ng/g/day. However, not all trees showed linear increases of foliar MeHg content along the growing season; we found that 2 out of 5 trees showed elevated foliar MeHg content at the initial phase of the growing season but their MeHg content declined through early summer. However, foliar MeHg content among all 5 trees showed eventual increases through the end of the growing season, proving that foliage is a net accumulator of MeHg while foliar gain of biomass did not "dilute" MeHg content.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Idus Stinson
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, 27402, USA
| | - Han-Han Li
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, China.
| | - Martin Tsz-Ki Tsui
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, 27402, USA.
- School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.
- Institute of Environment, Energy and Sustainability, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Peijia Ku
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, 27402, USA
- Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37830, USA
| | - Yener Ulus
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, 27402, USA
- Department of Environmental Studies, Davidson College, Davidson, NC, 28035, USA
| | - Zhang Cheng
- College of Environment, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Hon-Ming Lam
- School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Institute of Environment, Energy and Sustainability, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Zhao H, Li Y, Liu W, Zhang G, Wang Y. The Dynamic Evolution Model of the Chemical and Carbon Isotopic Composition of C 1-3 during the Hydrocarbon Generation Process. Molecules 2024; 29:476. [PMID: 38257388 PMCID: PMC10820989 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29020476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
A new approach is presented in this paper for the dynamic modeling of the chemical and isotopic evolution of C1-3 during the hydrocarbon generation process. Based on systematic data obtained from published papers for the pyrolysis of various hydrocarbon sources (type I kerogen/source rock, type II kerogen/source rock, type III kerogen/source rock, crude oil, and asphalt, etc.), the empirical evolution framework of the chemical and isotopic composition of C1-3 during the hydrocarbon generation process was built. Although the empirical framework was built only by fitting a large amount of pyrolysis data, the chemical and isotopic composition of C1-3 derived from the pyrolysis experiments all follow evolution laws, convincing us that it is applicable to the thermal evolution process of various hydrocarbon sources. Based on the simplified formula of the isotopic composition of mixed natural gas at different maturities (δ13Cmixed), δ13Cmixed = X×niA×δ13CiA+Y×niB×δ13CiBX×niA+Y×niB, it can be derived that the cumulative isotopic composition of alkane generated in a certain maturity interval can be expressed by the integral of the product of the instantaneous isotopic composition and instantaneous yield at a certain maturity point, and then divided by the cumulative yield of alkane generated in the corresponding maturity interval. Thus, the cumulative isotopic composition (A(X)), cumulative yield (B(X)), instantaneous isotope (C(X)), and instantaneous yield (D(x)) in the dynamic model, comply with the following formula during the maturity interval of (X0~X). A(X) = ∫X0XCX×DXdxB(X), where A(X) and B(X) can be obtained by the fitting of pyrolysis data, and D(x) can also be obtained from the derivation of B(X). The dynamic model was applied on the pyrolysis data of Pingliang Shale to illustrate the quantitative evolution of the cumulative yield, instantaneous yield, cumulative isotope, and instantaneous isotope of C1-3 with increasing maturity. The dynamic model can quantify the yield of methane, ethane, and propane, as well as δ13C1, δ13C2, and δ13C3, respectively, during the hydrocarbon generation process. This model is of great significance for evaluating the natural gas resources of hydrocarbon source rock of different maturities and for identifying the origin and evolutionary process of hydrocarbons by chemical and isotopic data. Moreover, this model provides an approach to study the dynamic evolution of the isotope series of C1-3 (including reversed isotopic series), which is promising for revealing the mechanism responsible for isotopic reversal when combined with post-generation studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heng Zhao
- Jiangsu Design Institute of Geology for Mineral Resources (The Testing Center of China National Administration of Coal Geology (CNACG)), Xuzhou 221006, China; (Y.L.); (G.Z.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yanjie Li
- Jiangsu Design Institute of Geology for Mineral Resources (The Testing Center of China National Administration of Coal Geology (CNACG)), Xuzhou 221006, China; (Y.L.); (G.Z.); (Y.W.)
| | - Wenhui Liu
- Department of Geology, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China;
| | - Guchun Zhang
- Jiangsu Design Institute of Geology for Mineral Resources (The Testing Center of China National Administration of Coal Geology (CNACG)), Xuzhou 221006, China; (Y.L.); (G.Z.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yanjun Wang
- Jiangsu Design Institute of Geology for Mineral Resources (The Testing Center of China National Administration of Coal Geology (CNACG)), Xuzhou 221006, China; (Y.L.); (G.Z.); (Y.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Koltai G, Kluge T, Krüger Y, Spötl C, Rinyu L, Audra P, Honiat C, Leél-Őssy S, Dublyansky Y. Geothermometry of calcite spar at 10-50 °C. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1553. [PMID: 38238412 PMCID: PMC10796908 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51937-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Carbonate geothermometry is a fundamental tool for quantitative assessment of the geothermal and geochemical evolution of diagenetic and hydrothermal systems, but it remains difficult to obtain accurate and precise formation temperatures of low-temperature calcite samples (below ~ 40 to 60 °C). Here, we apply three geothermometry methods (∆47-thermometry, nucleation-assisted fluid inclusion microthermometry-hereafter NA-FIM-and oxygen isotope thermometry) to slow-growing subaqueous calcite spar samples to cross-validate these methods down to 10 °C. Temperatures derived by NA-FIM and Δ47-thermometry agree within the 95% confidence interval, except for one sample. Regression analyses suggest that the real uncertainty of ∆47-thermometry exceeds the 1 SE analytical uncertainty and is around ± 6.6 °C for calcite spar that formed at 10-50 °C. The application of δ18O thermometry was limited to a few samples that contained sufficient primary fluid inclusions. It yielded broadly consistent results for two samples with two other geothermometers, and showed higher temperature for the third spar. We also found that calcite with steep rhombohedral morphologies is characteristic of low temperatures (11-13 °C), whereas blunt rhombohedra prevail in the 10-29 °C domain, and the scalenohedral habit dominates > 30 °C. This suggests that the calcite crystal morphology can be used to qualitatively distinguish between low- and higher-temperature calcite.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Koltai
- Institute of Geology, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Tobias Kluge
- Institute of Environmental Physics, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 229, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Chair of Geochemistry and Economic Geology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Adenauerring 20B, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Yves Krüger
- Department of Earth Science, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, 5007, Bergen, Norway
| | - Christoph Spötl
- Institute of Geology, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - László Rinyu
- Isotope Climatology and Environmental Research Centre (ICER), HUN_REN Institute for Nuclear Research (Atomki), Bem tér 18/C, 4026, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Philippe Audra
- Polytech'Lab-UPR 7498, University of Côte d'Azur, 930 Route des Colles, Sophia-Antipolis, 06903, Nice, France
| | - Charlotte Honiat
- Institute of Geology, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Szabolcs Leél-Őssy
- Department of Physical and Applied Geology, Eötvös Loránd University, Egyetem tér 1-3, 1053, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Yuri Dublyansky
- Institute of Geology, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Hu A, Jang KS, Tanentzap AJ, Zhao W, Lennon JT, Liu J, Li M, Stegen J, Choi M, Lu Y, Feng X, Wang J. Thermal responses of dissolved organic matter under global change. Nat Commun 2024; 15:576. [PMID: 38233386 PMCID: PMC10794202 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-44813-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The diversity of intrinsic traits of different organic matter molecules makes it challenging to predict how they, and therefore the global carbon cycle, will respond to climate change. Here we develop an indicator of compositional-level environmental response for dissolved organic matter to quantify the aggregated response of individual molecules that positively and negatively associate with warming. We apply the indicator to assess the thermal response of sediment dissolved organic matter in 480 aquatic microcosms along nutrient gradients on three Eurasian mountainsides. Organic molecules consistently respond to temperature change within and across contrasting climate zones. At a compositional level, dissolved organic matter in warmer sites has a stronger thermal response and shows functional reorganization towards molecules with lower thermodynamic favorability for microbial decomposition. The thermal response is more sensitive to warming at higher nutrients, with increased sensitivity of up to 22% for each additional 1 mg L-1 of nitrogen loading. The utility of the thermal response indicator is further confirmed by laboratory experiments and reveals its positive links to greenhouse gas emissions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Lake and Watershed Science for Water Security, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Kyoung-Soon Jang
- Bio-Chemical Analysis Team, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju, 28119, South Korea
| | - Andrew J Tanentzap
- Ecosystems and Global Change Group, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK
| | - Wenqian Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Lake and Watershed Science for Water Security, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Jay T Lennon
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Jinfu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Lake and Watershed Science for Water Security, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Mingjia Li
- Key Laboratory of Lake and Watershed Science for Water Security, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - James Stegen
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, P.O. Box 999, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Mira Choi
- Bio-Chemical Analysis Team, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju, 28119, South Korea
| | - Yahai Lu
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xiaojuan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Jianjun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Lake and Watershed Science for Water Security, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Felix JD. Modern analogs for ammonia flux from terrestrial hydrothermal features to the Archean atmosphere. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1544. [PMID: 38233446 PMCID: PMC10794450 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51537-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The isotopic composition of nitrogen in the rock record provides valuable evidence of reactive nitrogen sources and processing on early Earth, but the wide range of δ15N values (- 10.2 to + 50.4‰) leads to ambiguity in defining the early Precambrian nitrogen cycle. The high δ15N values have been explained by large fractionation associated with the onset of nitrification and/or fractionation produced by ammonia-ammonium equilibrium and water-air flux in alkaline paleolakes. Previous flux sensitivity studies in modern water bodies report alkaline pH is not a prerequisite and temperature can be the dominate parameter driving water-air flux. Here, I use the chemical and physical components of 1022 modern hydrothermal features to provide evidence that water-air NH3 flux produced a significant source of fixed nitrogen to early Earth's atmosphere and biosphere. With regard to the modeled average NH3 flux (2.1 kg N m-2 year-1) and outlier removed average flux (1.2 kg N m-2 year-1), the Archean Earth's surface would need to be 0.0092, and 0.017% terrestrial hydrothermal features, respectively, for the flux to match the annual amount of N produced by biogenic fixation on modern Earth. Water-air NH3 flux from terrestrial hydrothermal features may have played a significant role in supplying bioavailable nitrogen to early life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J David Felix
- Physical and Environmental Sciences Department, Center for Water Supply Studies, Texas A&M University - Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Bazaluk O, Sobolev V, Molchanov O, Burchak O, Bezruchko K, Holub N, Tereshkova O, Kulivar V, Fedorenko E, Lozynskyi V. Changes in the stability of coal microstructure under the influence of weak electromagnetic fields. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1304. [PMID: 38225240 PMCID: PMC10789800 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51575-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The article presents experimental results of research concerning the action of weak electric and magnetic fields on physicochemical transformations in samples of hard coal with a previously destabilized microstructure. The actions of electric and magnetic fields are fundamentally different by many parameters. It has been shown that after treatment with a weak electric field, coal posted an electret potential with an anomalously continuous charge relaxation. Compared to untreated coal samples, the rate of methane emission from methane-saturated samples is maximum for long-flame coal and decreases as it approaches anthracite. The electric field stimulates the grinding of microparticles, a decrease in the maximum gas outlet temperature, a decrease in the enthalpy value in the formation of a new phase, and an increase in the chemical activity of treated coal samples. Fundamentally different results were obtained with magnetic stimulation of coals. In X-ray diffractograms of coal powders after magnetic treatment, the values of the maxima of the main peaks are the largest in comparison with the original samples and those treated with an electric field, which is consistent with an increase in the size of microparticles in a magnetic field. There is an increase in the heat of combustion and a decrease (by 5 times) in the loss of coal mass during heating.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oleg Bazaluk
- Belt and Road Initiative Centre for Chinese-European Studies (BRICCES), Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, 525000, China
| | - Valerii Sobolev
- Department of Construction, Geotechnics and Geomechanics, Dnipro University of Technology, Dnipro, 49005, Ukraine.
| | - Oleksandr Molchanov
- Branch for Physics of Mining Processes of the M.S. Poliakov Institute of Geotechnical Mechanics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Dnipro, 49005, Ukraine
| | - Oleksandr Burchak
- M.S. Poliakov Institute of Geotechnical Mechanics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Dnipro, 49005, Ukraine
| | - Kostiantyn Bezruchko
- M.S. Poliakov Institute of Geotechnical Mechanics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Dnipro, 49005, Ukraine
| | - Nataliia Holub
- Department of General and Structural Geology, Dnipro University of Technology, Dnipro, 49005, Ukraine
| | - Olha Tereshkova
- Department of General and Structural Geology, Dnipro University of Technology, Dnipro, 49005, Ukraine
| | - Viacheslav Kulivar
- Department of Construction, Geotechnics and Geomechanics, Dnipro University of Technology, Dnipro, 49005, Ukraine
| | - Eduard Fedorenko
- Branch for Physics of Mining Processes of the M.S. Poliakov Institute of Geotechnical Mechanics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Dnipro, 49005, Ukraine
| | - Vasyl Lozynskyi
- Belt and Road Initiative Centre for Chinese-European Studies (BRICCES), Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, 525000, China.
- Department of Mining Engineering and Education, Dnipro University of Technology, Dnipro, 49005, Ukraine.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Hornby AJ, Ayris PM, Damby DE, Diplas S, Eychenne J, Kendrick JE, Cimarelli C, Kueppers U, Scheu B, Utley JEP, Dingwell DB. Nanoscale silicate melt textures determine volcanic ash surface chemistry. Nat Commun 2024; 15:531. [PMID: 38225238 PMCID: PMC10789741 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-44712-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Explosive volcanic eruptions produce vast quantities of silicate ash, whose surfaces are subsequently altered during atmospheric transit. These altered surfaces mediate environmental interactions, including atmospheric ice nucleation, and toxic effects in biota. A lack of knowledge of the initial, pre-altered ash surface has required previous studies to assume that the ash surface composition created during magmatic fragmentation is equivalent to the bulk particle assemblage. Here we examine ash particles generated by controlled fragmentation of andesite and find that fragmentation generates ash particles with substantial differences in surface chemistry. We attribute this disparity to observations of nanoscale melt heterogeneities, in which Fe-rich nanophases in the magmatic melt deflect and blunt fractures, thereby focusing fracture propagation within aureoles of single-phase melt formed during diffusion-limited growth of crystals. In this manner, we argue that commonly observed pre-eruptive microtextures caused by disequilibrium crystallisation and/or melt unmixing can modify fracture propagation and generate primary discrepancies in ash surface chemistry, an essential consideration for understanding the cascading consequences of reactive ash surfaces in various environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian J Hornby
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universtität (LMU), München, Germany.
| | - Paul M Ayris
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universtität (LMU), München, Germany
| | - David E Damby
- U.S. Geological Survey, Volcano Science Center, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | | | - Julia Eychenne
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, IRD, OPGC, Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, INSERM, Institut de Génétique Reproduction et Développement, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Jackie E Kendrick
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universtität (LMU), München, Germany
| | - Corrado Cimarelli
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universtität (LMU), München, Germany
| | - Ulrich Kueppers
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universtität (LMU), München, Germany
| | - Bettina Scheu
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universtität (LMU), München, Germany
| | - James E P Utley
- Department of Earth, Ocean & Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Donald B Dingwell
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universtität (LMU), München, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Giuntoli F, Menegon L, Siron G, Cognigni F, Leroux H, Compagnoni R, Rossi M, Vitale Brovarone A. Methane-hydrogen-rich fluid migration may trigger seismic failure in subduction zones at forearc depths. Nat Commun 2024; 15:480. [PMID: 38212306 PMCID: PMC10784519 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44641-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Metamorphic fluids, faults, and shear zones are carriers of carbon from the deep Earth to shallower reservoirs. Some of these fluids are reduced and transport energy sources, like H2 and light hydrocarbons. Mechanisms and pathways capable of transporting these deep energy sources towards shallower reservoirs remain unidentified. Here we present geological evidence of failure of mechanically strong rocks due to the accumulation of CH4-H2-rich fluids at deep forearc depths, which ultimately reached supralithostatic pore fluid pressure. These fluids originated from adjacent reduction of carbonates by H2-rich fluids during serpentinization at eclogite-to-blueschist-facies conditions. Thermodynamic modeling predicts that the production and accumulation of CH4-H2-rich aqueous fluids can produce fluid overpressure more easily than carbon-poor and CO2-rich aqueous fluids. This study provides evidence for the migration of deep Earth energy sources along tectonic discontinuities, and suggests causal relationships with brittle failure of hard rock types that may trigger seismic activity at forearc depths.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Giuntoli
- Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Luca Menegon
- The Njord Centre, Department of Geosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Guillaume Siron
- Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Flavio Cognigni
- Department of Basic and Applied Sciences for Engineering (SBAI), Università degli Studi di Roma La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Hugues Leroux
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, INRAE, Centrale Lille, UMR 8207, UMET, Unité Matériaux et Transformations, Lille, France
| | - Roberto Compagnoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università degli Studi di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Marco Rossi
- Department of Basic and Applied Sciences for Engineering (SBAI), Università degli Studi di Roma La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Vitale Brovarone
- Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
- Sorbonne Université, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, UMR CNRS 7590, IRD, Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie, IMPMC, Paris, France.
- Institute of Geosciences and Earth Resources, National Research Council of Italy, Pisa, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Eid MH, Eissa M, Mohamed EA, Ramadan HS, Tamás M, Kovács A, Szűcs P. New approach into human health risk assessment associated with heavy metals in surface water and groundwater using Monte Carlo Method. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1008. [PMID: 38200086 PMCID: PMC10781699 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50000-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
This study assessed the environmental and health risks associated with heavy metals in the water resources of Egypt's northwestern desert. The current approaches included the Spearman correlation matrix, principal component analysis, and cluster analysis to identify pollution sources and quality-controlling factors. Various indices (HPI, MI, HQ, HI, and CR) were applied to evaluate environmental and human health risks. Additionally, the Monte Carlo method was employed for probabilistic carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk assessment via oral and dermal exposure routes in adults and children. Notably, all water resources exhibited high pollution risks with HPI and MI values exceeding permissible limits (HPI > 100 and MI > 6), respectively. Furthermore, HI oral values indicated significant non-carcinogenic risks to both adults and children, while dermal contact posed a high risk to 19.4% of samples for adults and 77.6% of samples for children (HI > 1). Most water samples exhibited CR values exceeding 1 × 10-4 for Cd, Cr, and Pb, suggesting vulnerability to carcinogenic effects in both age groups. Monte Carlo simulations reinforced these findings, indicating a significant carcinogenic impact on children and adults. Consequently, comprehensive water treatment measures are urgently needed to mitigate carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risks in Siwa Oasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Hamdy Eid
- Institute of Environmental Management, Faculty of Earth Science, University of Miskolc, Miskolc-Egyetemváros, 3515, Hungary.
- Geology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 65211, Egypt.
| | - Mustafa Eissa
- Division of Water Resources and Arid Land, Department of Hydrogeochemistry, Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Essam A Mohamed
- Faculty of Earth Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62511, Egypt
| | | | - Madarász Tamás
- Institute of Environmental Management, Faculty of Earth Science, University of Miskolc, Miskolc-Egyetemváros, 3515, Hungary
| | - Attila Kovács
- Institute of Environmental Management, Faculty of Earth Science, University of Miskolc, Miskolc-Egyetemváros, 3515, Hungary
| | - Péter Szűcs
- Institute of Environmental Management, Faculty of Earth Science, University of Miskolc, Miskolc-Egyetemváros, 3515, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Puetz SJ, Spencer CJ, Condie KC, Roberts NMW. Enhanced U-Pb detrital zircon, Lu-Hf zircon, δ 18O zircon, and Sm-Nd whole rock global databases. Sci Data 2024; 11:56. [PMID: 38195635 PMCID: PMC10776700 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-023-02902-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
High-quality global isotopic databases provide Earth scientists with robust means for developing and testing a variety of geological hypotheses. Database design establishes the range of questions that can be addressed, and validation techniques can enhance data quality. Here, six validated global isotopic databases provide extensive records of analyses from U-Pb in detrital zircon, Lu-Hf in zircon, Sm-Nd from whole rocks, and δ18O in zircon. The U-Pb detrital zircon records are segregated into three independently sampled databases. Independent samples are critical for testing the replicability of results, a key requisite for gaining confidence in the validity of a hypothesis. An advantage of our updated databases is that a hypothesis developed from one of the global detrital zircon databases can be immediately tested with the other two independent detrital zircon databases to assess the replicability of results. The independent εHf(t) and εNd(t) values provide similar means of testing for replicable results. This contribution discusses database design, data limitations, and validation techniques used to ensure the data are optimal for subsequent geological investigations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Puetz
- Unaffiliated, 475 Atkinson Drive, Suite 704, Honolulu, HI, 96814, USA.
| | - Christopher J Spencer
- Queen's University, Department of Geological Sciences and Geological Engineering, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Kent C Condie
- New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, Socorro, NM, 87801, USA
| | - Nick M W Roberts
- British Geological Survey, Geochronology and Tracers Facility, Keyworth, Nottingham, NG12 5GG, UK
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Kitanaka R, Tsuboi M, Numata T, Muramiya Y, Yoshida H, Ozaki Y. Visualization and identification of components in a gigantic spherical dolomite concretion by Raman imaging in combination with MCR or CLS methods. Sci Rep 2024; 14:749. [PMID: 38185706 PMCID: PMC10772084 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51147-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The combination of Raman imaging and multivariate curve resolution (MCR) or classical least squares (CLS) has allowed us to explore the distribution and identification of components in a gigantic spherical dolomite concretion. It has been found by the MCR and CLS analyses of imaging data that the concretion contains dolomite, kerogen, anatase, quartz, plagioclase, and carbon materials with considerably large distribution of dolomite. The existence of these components has also been confirmed by the point-by-point analysis of imaging data. The distributions of these components were clearly observed by Raman images. Of note is that the amount of carbon materials is considerably large, and they are buried among the matrix sedimentary grains in the concretion, suggesting that there exist soft tissues with biological origin. Moreover, one of the loading spectra of CLS shows intense bands in the region of 3000-2800 cm-1, and bands at ca. 1658, ca. 1585, 1455, 1323, and 1261 cm-1. These bands indicate the existence of decomposed organic materials in the concretion. Raman imaging of concretions provides direct evidence that concretions are of biological organic origin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Kitanaka
- Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Kwansei Gakuin University, 1 Gakuen Uegahara, Sanda, Hyogo, 669-1330, Japan
| | - Motohiro Tsuboi
- Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Kwansei Gakuin University, 1 Gakuen Uegahara, Sanda, Hyogo, 669-1330, Japan.
| | - Tomoko Numata
- HORIBA, Techno Service Co., Ltd., Chiyoda, Tokyo, 101-0063, Japan
| | - Yusuke Muramiya
- Fukada Geological Institute, 2-13-12 Honkomagome, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0021, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Yoshida
- Material Research Section, Nagoya University, University Museum, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Ozaki
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Kwansei Gakuin University, 1 Gakuen Uegahara, Sanda, Hyogo, 669-1330, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Rahmonov O, Sobala M, Środek D, Karkosz D, Pytel S, Rahmonov M. The spatial distribution of potentially toxic elements in the mountain forest topsoils (the Silesian Beskids, southern Poland). Sci Rep 2024; 14:338. [PMID: 38172231 PMCID: PMC10764751 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50817-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Progressive industrialisation and urbanisation in recent decades have dramatically affected the soil cover and led to significant changes in its properties, which inevitably affect the functioning of other components of the forest ecosystems. The total content of Pb, Cd, Zn, Fe, Cr, Cu, Ni, As, and Hg was studied in twenty-five plots at different heights in the topsoil (organic and humus horizons) formed from the Carpathian flysch in the area of the Silesian Beskids (Western Carpathians). The aim of this article is to analyse the spatial distribution of potentially toxic elements in the mountain forest topsoil in different types of plant communities and to determine the relationship between altitude and potentially toxic elements contamination. The soils studied are acidic or very acidic, with an average range of 3.8 (H2O) and 2.9 (KCl). Concentrations of the metals Cd, Zn, Fe, Cr, Cu, Ni, and Hg on the plots that were analysed are within the range of permissible standards for forest ecosystems in Poland, while Pb and As exceed the permissible standards for this type of ecosystem. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient showed a high correlation between Fe-Cr (r(32) = 0.879, Pb-Hg r(32) = 0.772, Ni-Cr r(32) = 0.738, Zn-Cd r(32) = 0.734, and Cu-Hg r(32) = 0.743, and a moderate statistically significant positive correlation between Cu-Pb r(32) = 0.667 and As-Pb r(32) = 0.557. No correlation was found between altitude and the occurrence of potentially toxic elements. The geo-accumulation index (Igeo) index, on the other hand, indicates that Pb, As, and Cd have the highest impact on soil contamination in all study plots: it classifies soils from moderately to strongly polluted. The enrichment factor (EF) obtained for As and Hg indicates significant-to-very high enrichment in all areas studied. The potential ecological risk index (PLI) calculated for the sites indicates the existence of pollution in all areas examined. The highest risk categories (considerable to very high) are associated with cadmium and mercury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oimahmad Rahmonov
- Institute of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Będzińska 60, 41-200, Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Michał Sobala
- Institute of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Będzińska 60, 41-200, Sosnowiec, Poland.
| | - Dorota Środek
- Institute of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Będzińska 60, 41-200, Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Dominik Karkosz
- Institute of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Będzińska 60, 41-200, Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Sławomir Pytel
- Institute of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Będzińska 60, 41-200, Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Rahmonov
- Institute of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Będzińska 60, 41-200, Sosnowiec, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Lotfy NM, Farouk S, Hakimi MH, Ahmad F, El Shennawy T, El Nady MM, Salama A, Shehata AM. Biomarker and isotopic characteristics of Miocene condensates and natural gases, West Delta deep marine concession, Eastern Mediterranean, Egypt. Sci Rep 2024; 14:235. [PMID: 38167970 PMCID: PMC10762107 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50418-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The Western Delta Deep Marine Concession (WDDM) in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea is one of northern Africa's most recent petroleum-potential regions for gas and condensate exploration. The present study aims to determine the characteristics of the 15 natural gases and 5 associated condensate samples, using molecular compositions and isotopes from the Miocene reservoir rocks in the various wells located in the WDDM. The results of this study are also used to determine the gas-condensate correlation for their probable source rocks as well as the methane-generating mechanisms (i.e., thermogenic or microbiological). Results highlighted in this research reveal that most of the natural gases in WDDM are mainly thermogenic methane gases, with small contributions of biogenic methane gases that were generated from mainly mixed sources, with a high sapropelic organic matter input for biogenic gases. The thermogenic methane gases were formed from secondary oil and oil/gas cracking at the high maturity stage of the gas window. The biogenic gases are also contributed to the Miocene reservoirs, which are formed from the primary cracking of kerogen at low maturity stage by the action of CO2 bacterial reduction. In addition, the saturated and aromatic biomarker results show that the condensate samples were generated from clay-rich source rocks. This source unit of the Miocene condensates were deposited in a fluvial deltaic environmental setting, containing mixed kerogen type II/III and accumulated during the Jurassic-Cretaceous, as evidenced by the age dating indicators. The properties of the natural gases and associated condensates in the Miocene reservoir rocks suggest that most of the thermogenic methane gases, together with the condensate, are derived primarily from mature Jurassic-Cretaceous source rocks and formed by secondary oil and oil/gas cracking at the gas generation window, as demonstrated by the 1-D basin modelling results highlighted in the prior works. Therefore, most of the natural gases in WDDM are non-indigenous and migrated from more mature Jurassic-Cretaceous source rocks in the nearby Northern Sinai provinces or the deeper sequences in the offshore Nile Delta provinces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naira M Lotfy
- Exploration Department, Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute (EPRI), Ahmed El Zommor St., Nasr City, Cairo, 11727, Egypt.
| | - Sherif Farouk
- Exploration Department, Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute (EPRI), Ahmed El Zommor St., Nasr City, Cairo, 11727, Egypt.
| | - Mohammed Hail Hakimi
- Geology Department, Faculty of Applied Science, Taiz University, 6803, Taiz, Yemen
| | - Fayez Ahmad
- Prince El-Hassan Bin Talal Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, 13115, Jordan
| | | | - Mohamed M El Nady
- Exploration Department, Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute (EPRI), Ahmed El Zommor St., Nasr City, Cairo, 11727, Egypt
| | - Ahmad Salama
- Egyptian General Petroleum Corporation, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amr M Shehata
- Exploration Department, Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute (EPRI), Ahmed El Zommor St., Nasr City, Cairo, 11727, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Hirakawa Y, Kakegawa T, Furukawa Y. Hexose phosphorylation for a non-enzymatic glycolysis and pentose phosphate pathway on early Earth. Sci Rep 2024; 14:264. [PMID: 38168787 PMCID: PMC10762079 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50743-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Glycolysis and pentose phosphate pathways play essential roles in cellular processes and are assumed to be among the most ancient metabolic pathways. Non-enzymatic metabolism-like reactions might have occurred on the prebiotic Earth and been inherited by the biological reactions. Previous research has identified a part of the non-enzymatic glycolysis and the non-enzymatic pentose phosphate pathway from glucose 6-phosphate and 6-phosphogluconate, which are intermediates of these reactions. However, how these phosphorylated molecules were formed on the prebiotic Earth remains unclear. Herein, we demonstrate the synthesis of glucose and gluconate from simple aldehydes in alkaline solutions and the formation of glucose 6-phosphate and 6-phosphogluconate with borate using thermal evaporation. These results imply that the initial stages of glycolysis-like and pentose phosphate pathway-like reactions were achieved in borate-rich evaporative environments on prebiotic Earth, suggesting that non-enzymatic metabolism provided biomolecules and their precursors on prebiotic Earth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Hirakawa
- Department of Earth Science, Tohoku University, 6-3, Aza-Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan.
| | - Takeshi Kakegawa
- Department of Earth Science, Tohoku University, 6-3, Aza-Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Furukawa
- Department of Earth Science, Tohoku University, 6-3, Aza-Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Gernon TM, Jones SM, Brune S, Hincks TK, Palmer MR, Schumacher JC, Primiceri RM, Field M, Griffin WL, O'Reilly SY, Keir D, Spencer CJ, Merdith AS, Glerum A. Author Correction: Rift-induced disruption of cratonic keels drives kimberlite volcanism. Nature 2024; 625:E7. [PMID: 38110578 PMCID: PMC10781643 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06960-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M Gernon
- School of Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
| | - Stephen M Jones
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Sascha Brune
- Helmholtz Centre Potsdam - GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany
- University of Potsdam, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Thea K Hincks
- School of Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Martin R Palmer
- School of Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | | | - Rebecca M Primiceri
- School of Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | | | - William L Griffin
- GEMOC ARC National Key Centre, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Suzanne Y O'Reilly
- GEMOC ARC National Key Centre, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Derek Keir
- School of Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Universita degli Studi di Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | - Christopher J Spencer
- Department of Geological Sciences and Geological Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Anne Glerum
- Helmholtz Centre Potsdam - GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Fru EC, Bahri JA, Brosson C, Bankole O, Aubineau J, El Albani A, Nederbragt A, Oldroyd A, Skelton A, Lowhagen L, Webster D, Fantong WY, Mills BJW, Alcott LJ, Konhauser KO, Lyons TW. Transient fertilization of a post-Sturtian Snowball ocean margin with dissolved phosphate by clay minerals. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8418. [PMID: 38110448 PMCID: PMC10728154 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44240-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Marine sedimentary rocks deposited across the Neoproterozoic Cryogenian Snowball interval, ~720-635 million years ago, suggest that post-Snowball fertilization of shallow continental margin seawater with phosphorus accelerated marine primary productivity, ocean-atmosphere oxygenation, and ultimately the rise of animals. However, the mechanisms that sourced and delivered bioavailable phosphate from land to the ocean are not fully understood. Here we demonstrate a causal relationship between clay mineral production by the melting Sturtian Snowball ice sheets and a short-lived increase in seawater phosphate bioavailability by at least 20-fold and oxygenation of an immediate post-Sturtian Snowball ocean margin. Bulk primary sediment inputs and inferred dissolved seawater phosphate dynamics point to a relatively low marine phosphate inventory that limited marine primary productivity and seawater oxygenation before the Sturtian glaciation, and again in the later stages of the succeeding interglacial greenhouse interval.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ernest Chi Fru
- College of Physical and Engineering Sciences, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Geobiology and Geochemistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, Wales, UK.
| | - Jalila Al Bahri
- College of Physical and Engineering Sciences, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Geobiology and Geochemistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, Wales, UK
| | - Christophe Brosson
- College of Physical and Engineering Sciences, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Geobiology and Geochemistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, Wales, UK
| | - Olabode Bankole
- Université de Poitiers UMR 7285-CNRS, Institut de Chimie des Milieux et Matériaux de Poitiers - 5, rue Albert Turpin (Bât B35), 86073, Poitiers, cedex, France
| | - Jérémie Aubineau
- Géosciences Environnement Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5563 (CNRS/UPS/IRD/CNES), Université de Toulouse, Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées, Toulouse, France
| | - Abderrazzak El Albani
- Université de Poitiers UMR 7285-CNRS, Institut de Chimie des Milieux et Matériaux de Poitiers - 5, rue Albert Turpin (Bât B35), 86073, Poitiers, cedex, France
| | - Alexandra Nederbragt
- College of Physical and Engineering Sciences, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Geobiology and Geochemistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, Wales, UK
| | - Anthony Oldroyd
- College of Physical and Engineering Sciences, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Geobiology and Geochemistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, Wales, UK
| | - Alasdair Skelton
- Department of Geological Sciences, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Linda Lowhagen
- Department of Geological Sciences, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - David Webster
- Department of Geological Sciences, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Wilson Y Fantong
- Institute of Geological and Mining Research (IRGM), Box 4110, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Benjamin J W Mills
- School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Lewis J Alcott
- School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Kurt O Konhauser
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E3, Canada
| | - Timothy W Lyons
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Liu T, Hu Z, Zhang D, Li S, Cheng C, Zhou L, Wang G, Wang X, Wang Z. The timing of the initial collision between the South and North China blocks constraining from the sediments in the eastern Sichuan Basin. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22378. [PMID: 38104203 PMCID: PMC10725510 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49498-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, detrital zircon U-Pb geochronology, trace element and Hf isotopic compositional data from the Early-Middle Triassic clastic rocks in the eastern Sichuan Basin were obtained to distinguish the sediment provenance and constrain the timing of the initial collision between the South China and North China blocks. Detrital zircons from the Early Triassic Feixianguan Formation clastic rocks yield one major age peak at 2476 Ma and three minor age peaks at 1886, 802 and 304 Ma. These detrital zircons may be derived from the South China Block. Detrital zircons from the Early Triassic Jialingjiang Formation clastic rocks yield multiple age peaks at 979, 856, 392 and 269 Ma, indicating a mixed sediment provenance from the South China Block and Qinling Orogenic Belt. This is the first appearance of the detritus with the Qinling Orogenic Belt affinity in the eastern Sichuan Basin. Detrital zircons from the Middle Triassic Leikoupo Formation clastic rocks yield two centralized age peaks at 447 and ca. 245 Ma. These zircons may mainly be derived from the Qinling Orogenic Belt. The results indicate an abrupt change in the detrital zircon U-Pb provenance from the South China Block to the Qinling Orogenic Belt during the Early-Middle Triassic. Integrating the provenance change and other geological characteristics, we suggest that the initial collision in the eastern Qinling Orogenic Belt occurred in the Early Triassic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianjia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Shale Oil and Gas Enrichment Mechanisms and Effective Development, Beijing, 100083, China
- School of the Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Zongquan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Shale Oil and Gas Enrichment Mechanisms and Effective Development, Beijing, 100083, China
- Sinopec Key Laboratory of Shale Oil/Gas Exploration and Production Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Dianwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Shale Oil and Gas Enrichment Mechanisms and Effective Development, Beijing, 100083, China
- Sinopec Key Laboratory of Shale Oil/Gas Exploration and Production Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Shuangjian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Shale Oil and Gas Enrichment Mechanisms and Effective Development, Beijing, 100083, China
- Sinopec Key Laboratory of Shale Oil/Gas Exploration and Production Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Chuanjie Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Shale Oil and Gas Enrichment Mechanisms and Effective Development, Beijing, 100083, China
- Sinopec Key Laboratory of Shale Oil/Gas Exploration and Production Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Lingfang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Shale Oil and Gas Enrichment Mechanisms and Effective Development, Beijing, 100083, China
- Sinopec Key Laboratory of Shale Oil/Gas Exploration and Production Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Guanping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Shale Oil and Gas Enrichment Mechanisms and Effective Development, Beijing, 100083, China
- Sinopec Key Laboratory of Shale Oil/Gas Exploration and Production Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Xunlian Wang
- School of the Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Zhentao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment, Institute of Mineral Resources, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, 100037, China.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Zhang B, Lehnert KA, Rubin AE, McKeegan KD, Warren PH, Mays JL, Profeta LR, Johansson AK, Ni P, Young ED, Kyte FT, Liu MC, Dunham ET, Tang H, Ji P, Figueroa-Salazar JD. The UCLA Cosmochemistry Database. Sci Data 2023; 10:874. [PMID: 38062064 PMCID: PMC10703800 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-023-02807-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The UCLA Cosmochemistry Database was initiated as part of a data-rescue and -storage project aimed at archiving a variety of cosmochemical data acquired at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA). The data collection includes elemental compositions of extraterrestrial materials analyzed by UCLA cosmochemists over the last five decades. The analytical techniques include atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) and neutron activation analysis (NAA) at UCLA. The data collection is stored on the Astromaterials Data System (Astromat). We provide both interactive tables and downloadable datasheets for users to access all data. The UCLA Cosmochemistry Database archives cosmochemical data that are essential tools for increasing our understanding of the nature and origin of extraterrestrial materials. Future studies can reference the data collection in the examination, analysis, and classification of newly acquired extraterrestrial samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bidong Zhang
- Department of Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1567, USA.
| | - Kerstin A Lehnert
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, NY, 10964, USA
| | - Alan E Rubin
- Department of Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1567, USA
- Maine Mineral & Gem Museum, 99 Main Street, P.O. Box 500, Bethel, ME, 04217, USA
| | - Kevin D McKeegan
- Department of Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1567, USA
| | - Paul H Warren
- Department of Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1567, USA
| | - Jennifer L Mays
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, NY, 10964, USA
| | - Lucia R Profeta
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, NY, 10964, USA
| | - Annika K Johansson
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, NY, 10964, USA
| | - Peng Ni
- Department of Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1567, USA
| | - Edward D Young
- Department of Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1567, USA
| | - Frank T Kyte
- Department of Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1567, USA
| | - Ming-Chang Liu
- Department of Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1567, USA
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA
| | - Emilie T Dunham
- Department of Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1567, USA
| | - Haolan Tang
- Department of Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1567, USA
- School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Peng Ji
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, NY, 10964, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Chen Y, Chen H, Liu M, Gerya T. Vertical tearing of subducting plates controlled by geometry and rheology of oceanic plates. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7931. [PMID: 38040686 PMCID: PMC10692197 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43804-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Lateral non-uniform subduction is impacted by continuous plate segmentation owing to vertical tearing of the subducting plate. However, the dynamics and physical controls of vertical tearing remain controversial. Here, we employed 3D numerical models to investigate the effects of trench geometry (offset by a transform boundary) and plate rheology (plate age and the magnitude of brittle/plastic strain weakening) on the evolution of shear stress-controlled vertical tearing within a homogenous subducting oceanic plate. Numerical results suggest that the trench offset geometry could result in self-sustained vertical tearing as a narrow shear zone within the intact subducting oceanic plate, and that this process of tearing could operate throughout the entire subduction process. Further, the critical trench offset length for the maturation of vertical tearing is impacted by plate rheology. Comparison between numerical modelling results and natural observations suggests that vertical tearing attributed to trench offset geometry is broadly developed in modern subduction and collision systems worldwide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaguang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Geoscience Big Data and Deep Resource of Zhejiang Province, School of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Earth Sciences, Institute of Geophysics, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Hanlin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Geoscience Big Data and Deep Resource of Zhejiang Province, School of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Mingqi Liu
- Department of Earth Sciences, Institute of Geophysics, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Taras Gerya
- Department of Earth Sciences, Institute of Geophysics, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|