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Cáceres F, Hess KU, Eitel M, Döblinger M, McCartney KN, Colombier M, Gilder SA, Scheu B, Kaliwoda M, Dingwell DB. Oxide nanolitisation-induced melt iron extraction causes viscosity jumps and enhanced explosivity in silicic magma. Nat Commun 2024; 15:604. [PMID: 38242880 PMCID: PMC10799068 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-44850-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Explosivity in erupting volcanoes is controlled by the degassing dynamics and the viscosity of the ascending magma in the conduit. Magma crystallisation enhances both heterogeneous bubble nucleation and increases in magma bulk viscosity. Nanolite crystallisation has been suggested to enhance such processes too, but in a noticeably higher extent. Yet the precise causes of the resultant strong viscosity increase remain unclear. Here we report experimental results for rapid nanolite crystallisation in natural silicic magma and the extent of the subsequent viscosity increase. Nanolite-free and nanolite-bearing rhyolite magmas were subjected to heat treatments, where magmas crystallised or re-crystallised oxide nanolites depending on their initial state, showing an increase of one order of magnitude as oxide nanolites formed. We thus demonstrate that oxide nanolites crystallisation increases magma bulk viscosity mainly by increasing the viscosity of its melt phase due to the chemical extraction of iron, whereas the physical effect of particle suspension is minor, almost negligible. Importantly, we further observe that this increase is sufficient for driving magma fragmentation depending on magma degassing and ascent dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Cáceres
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) München, Theresienstr. 41, 80333, Munich, Germany.
- Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Católica del Maule, Avenida San Miguel, 3605, Talca, Chile.
| | - Kai-Uwe Hess
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) München, Theresienstr. 41, 80333, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Eitel
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) München, Theresienstr. 41, 80333, Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Döblinger
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) München, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Kelly N McCartney
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA
| | - Mathieu Colombier
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) München, Theresienstr. 41, 80333, Munich, Germany
| | - Stuart A Gilder
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) München, Theresienstr. 41, 80333, Munich, Germany
| | - Bettina Scheu
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) München, Theresienstr. 41, 80333, Munich, Germany
| | - Melanie Kaliwoda
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) München, Theresienstr. 41, 80333, Munich, Germany
- Mineralogical State Collection of Munich (SNSB-Natural Science Collections of Bavaria), Theresienstrasse 41, 80333, Munich, Germany
| | - Donald B Dingwell
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) München, Theresienstr. 41, 80333, Munich, Germany
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Colombier M, Ukstins IA, Tegtmeier S, Scheu B, Cronin SJ, Thivet S, Paredes-Mariño J, Cimarelli C, Hess KU, Kula T, Latu'ila FH, Dingwell DB. Atmosphere injection of sea salts during large explosive submarine volcanic eruptions. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14435. [PMID: 37660204 PMCID: PMC10475066 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41639-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The 15 January 2022 submarine eruption at Hunga volcano was the most explosive volcanic eruption in 140 years. It involved exceptional magma and seawater interaction throughout the entire submarine caldera collapse. The submarine volcanic jet breached the sea surface and formed a subaerial eruptive plume that transported volcanic ash, gas, sea salts and seawater up to ~ 57 km, reaching into the mesosphere. We document high concentrations of sea salts in tephra (volcanic ash) collected shortly after deposition. We also discuss the potential climatic consequences of large-scale injection of salts into the upper atmosphere during submarine eruptions. Sodium chloride in these volcanic plumes can reach extreme concentrations, and dehalogenation of chlorides and bromides poses the risk of long-term atmospheric and weather impact. Salt content in rapidly collected tephra samples may also be used as a proxy to estimate the water:magma ratio during eruption, with implications for quantification of fragmentation efficiency in submarine breaching events. The balance between salt loading into the atmosphere versus deposition in ash aggregates is a key factor in understanding the atmospheric and climatic consequences of submarine eruptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Colombier
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.
| | - I A Ukstins
- School of Environment, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - S Tegtmeier
- University of Saskatchewan, Institute of Space and Atmospheric Studies, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E2, Canada
| | - B Scheu
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - S J Cronin
- School of Environment, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - S Thivet
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - J Paredes-Mariño
- School of Environment, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - C Cimarelli
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - K-U Hess
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | - D B Dingwell
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
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Colombier M, Wadsworth FB, Scheu B, Vasseur J, Dobson KJ, Cáceres F, Allabar A, Marone F, Schlepütz CM, Dingwell DB. In situ observation of the percolation threshold in multiphase magma analogues. Bull Volcanol 2020; 82:32. [PMID: 32189822 PMCID: PMC7056709 DOI: 10.1007/s00445-020-1370-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Magmas vesiculate during ascent, producing complex interconnected pore networks, which can act as outgassing pathways and then deflate or compact to volcanic plugs. Similarly, in-conduit fragmentation events during dome-forming eruptions create open systems transiently, before welding causes pore sealing. The percolation threshold is the first-order transition between closed- and open-system degassing dynamics. Here, we use time-resolved, synchrotron-source X-ray tomography to image synthetic magmas that go through cycles of opening and closing, to constrain the percolation threshold Φ C at a range of melt crystallinity, viscosity and overpressure pertinent to shallow magma ascent. During vesiculation, we observed different percolative regimes for the same initial bulk crystallinity depending on melt viscosity and gas overpressure. At high viscosity (> 106 Pa s) and high overpressure (~ 1-4 MPa), we found that a brittle-viscous regime dominates in which brittle rupture allows system-spanning coalescence at a low percolation threshold (Φ C ~0.17) via the formation of fracture-like bubble chains. Percolation was followed by outgassing and bubble collapse causing densification and isolation of the bubble network, resulting in a hysteresis in the evolution of connectivity with porosity. At low melt viscosity and overpressure, we observed a viscous regime with much higher percolation threshold (Φ C > 0.37) due to spherical bubble growth and lower degree of crystal connection. Finally, our results also show that sintering of crystal-free and crystal-bearing magma analogues is characterised by low percolation thresholds (Φ C = 0.04 - 0.10). We conclude that the presence of crystals lowers the percolation threshold during vesiculation and may promote outgassing in shallow, crystal-rich magma at initial stages of Vulcanian and Strombolian eruptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Colombier
- Earth and Environmental Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Theresienstr. 41, 80333 Munich, Germany
| | - F. B. Wadsworth
- Department of Earth Sciences, Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE UK
- Centre for Advanced Study, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - B. Scheu
- Earth and Environmental Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Theresienstr. 41, 80333 Munich, Germany
| | - J. Vasseur
- Earth and Environmental Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Theresienstr. 41, 80333 Munich, Germany
| | - K. J. Dobson
- Department of Earth Sciences, Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE UK
| | - F. Cáceres
- Earth and Environmental Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Theresienstr. 41, 80333 Munich, Germany
| | - A. Allabar
- Department of Geosciences, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - F. Marone
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - C. M. Schlepütz
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - D. B. Dingwell
- Earth and Environmental Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Theresienstr. 41, 80333 Munich, Germany
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Wadsworth FB, Vasseur J, Llewellin EW, Dobson KJ, Colombier M, von Aulock FW, Fife JL, Wiesmaier S, Hess KU, Scheu B, Lavallée Y, Dingwell DB. Topological inversions in coalescing granular media control fluid-flow regimes. Phys Rev E 2017; 96:033113. [PMID: 29346927 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.96.033113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Sintering-or coalescence-of viscous droplets is an essential process in many natural and industrial scenarios. Current physical models of the dynamics of sintering are limited by the lack of an explicit account of the evolution of microstructural geometry. Here, we use high-speed time-resolved x-ray tomography to image the evolving geometry of a sintering system of viscous droplets, and use lattice Boltzmann simulations of creeping fluid flow through the reconstructed pore space to determine its permeability. We identify and characterize a topological inversion, from spherical droplets in a continuous interstitial gas, to isolated bubbles in a continuous liquid. We find that the topological inversion is associated with a transition in permeability-porosity behavior, from Stokes permeability at high porosity, to percolation theory at low porosity. We use these findings to construct a unified physical description that reconciles previously incompatible models for the evolution of porosity and permeability during sintering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian B Wadsworth
- Earth and Environmental Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Theresienstrasse 41, 80333 Munich, Germany
| | - Jérémie Vasseur
- Earth and Environmental Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Theresienstrasse 41, 80333 Munich, Germany
| | - Edward W Llewellin
- Department of Earth Sciences, Durham University, Science Labs, Durham, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Katherine J Dobson
- Earth and Environmental Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Theresienstrasse 41, 80333 Munich, Germany
- Department of Earth Sciences, Durham University, Science Labs, Durham, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Mathieu Colombier
- Earth and Environmental Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Theresienstrasse 41, 80333 Munich, Germany
| | - Felix W von Aulock
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Liverpool, Jane Herdman Building, Liverpool, L69 3GP, United Kingdom
| | - Julie L Fife
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Wiesmaier
- Earth and Environmental Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Theresienstrasse 41, 80333 Munich, Germany
| | - Kai-Uwe Hess
- Earth and Environmental Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Theresienstrasse 41, 80333 Munich, Germany
| | - Bettina Scheu
- Earth and Environmental Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Theresienstrasse 41, 80333 Munich, Germany
| | - Yan Lavallée
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Liverpool, Jane Herdman Building, Liverpool, L69 3GP, United Kingdom
| | - Donald B Dingwell
- Earth and Environmental Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Theresienstrasse 41, 80333 Munich, Germany
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Degoutte F, Jouanel P, Bègue RJ, Colombier M, Lac G, Pequignot JM, Filaire E. Food Restriction, Performance, Biochemical, Psychological, and Endocrine Changes in Judo Athletes. Int J Sports Med 2006; 27:9-18. [PMID: 16388436 DOI: 10.1055/s-2005-837505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In order to test the hypothesis that dietary restriction may have a negative influence on physiological and psychological adaptation to a judo competition, we examined the effects of weight loss induced by restricting energy and fluid intake on the physiology, psychology, and physical performance of judo athletes. Twenty male judoka were randomly assigned to one of two groups (Group A: called diet, n = 10; height 174.8 +/- 1.9 cm, body weight 75.9 +/- 3.1 kg; they were asked to lose approximately 5 % of their body weight through self-determined means during the week before the competition; Group B: called control, n = 10; height 176.4 +/- 1.1 cm, body weight 73.3 +/- 6.3 kg maintained their body weight during the week before the competition). A battery of tests was performed during a baseline period (T1), on the morning of a simulated competition (T2) and 10 min after the end of the competition (T3). The test battery included assessment for body composition, performance tests, evaluation of mood, determination of metabolic and hormonal responses. Dietary data were collected using a 7-day diet record. The nutrient analysis indicated that all the athletes followed a low carbohydrate diet whatever the period of the investigation. For the Group A, the food restriction (- 4 MJ per day) resulted in significant decreases of the body weight and altered the mood by increasing Fatigue, Tension and decreasing Vigour. Dietary restriction had also a significant influence on metabolic and endocrine parameters and was associated with poor performance. After the competition, significant decreases of the levels in testosterone, T/C ratio, alkali reserve, and free fatty acid were observed in both groups, whereas the plasma concentrations in insulin, ammonia, urea, and uric acid were increased. In conclusion, our results suggest that the combination of energy restriction and intense exercise training, which causes weight reduction before a competition, adversely affects the physiology and psychology of judo athletes and impairs physical performance before the competition. Our data are the first to demonstrate that a competition including five 5-min bouts induced the same changes of physiological and psychological variables and performance whatever the dietary intake (dietary restriction or not) during the seven days before the competition.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Degoutte
- Laboratoire BAPS, UFR Recherche, Université Blaise Pascal, Bâtiment Biologie, Les Cézeaux, Aubière, France
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Filaire E, Jouanel P, Colombier M, Bégue RJ, Lac G. Effects of 16 weeks of training prior to a major competition on hormonal and biochemical parameters in young elite gymnasts. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2003; 16:741-50. [PMID: 12880124 DOI: 10.1515/jpem.2003.16.5.741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the response to 16 weeks of training on selected hormonal and biological parameters in seven international competition level female artistic gymnasts (14.5 +/- 1.2 years). Data were collected at the beginning of the first training week (W1) and in the 16th week (W16). Assessments also included anthropometric measurements, dietary intake for 7 days and Tanner staging. No gymnast had reached menarche and the puberty stages corresponded to Tanner's pubertal stage 2. The gymnasts were smaller than average for their age group, with a height:weight ratio above the 50th percentile. Energy intake was about 31% lower than recommendations. Significant decreases in IGF-I, IGFBP3, IGF-I:C ratio and triglyceride values and increases in uric acid and creatinine levels were noted. Cortisol values were high regardless of the period. This training provided evidence for alterations in resting somatotropic and adrenocorticotropic parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Filaire
- CRIS, UFRSTAPS Lyon I, Université Claude Bernard, Villeurbanne, France.
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Delèvaux I, André M, Colombier M, Albuisson E, Meylheuc F, Bègue RJ, Piette JC, Aumaître O. Can procalcitonin measurement help in differentiating between bacterial infection and other kinds of inflammatory processes? Ann Rheum Dis 2003; 62:337-40. [PMID: 12634233 PMCID: PMC1754509 DOI: 10.1136/ard.62.4.337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the levels of procalcitonin (PCT) in various inflammatory states seen in an internal medicine department and to evaluate the possible discriminative role of PCT in differentiating bacterial infection from other inflammatory processes. METHODS PCT, C reactive protein (CRP), and white blood cell count (WBC) were measured in patients admitted to the department for fever or biological inflammatory syndrome, or both. The serum of 173 consecutive patients was analysed according to the aetiological diagnosis. The patients were divided into two groups: group I (n=60) with documented bacterial or fungal infection; group II (n=113) with abacterial inflammatory disease. RESULTS PCT levels were >0.5 ng/ml in 39/60 (65%) patients in group I. In group II, three patients with a viral infection had slightly increased PCT levels (0.7, 0.8, and 1.1 ng/ml) as did two others, one with crystal arthritis and the other with vasculitis (0.7 ng/ml in both cases). All other patients in group II had PCT levels <0.5 ng/ml. In this study a value of PCT >0.5 ng/ml was taken as the marker of bacterial infection (sensitivity 65%, specificity 96%). PCT values were more discriminative than WBC and CRP in distinguishing a bacterial infection from another inflammatory process. CONCLUSION PCT levels only rose significantly during bacterial infections. In this study PCT levels >1.2 ng/ml were always evidence of bacterial infection and the cue for starting antibiotic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Delèvaux
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gabriel Montpied Hospital, groupe hospitalier Saint-Jacques, BP 69, 63003 Clermont-Ferrand Cedex 1, France
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Filaire E, Ferrand C, Jouanel P, Colombier M, Bégue R, Lac G. Statut biologique, hormonal, nutritionnel et psychologique de gymnastes féminines de haut niveau. Sci Sports 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0765-1597(01)00116-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Delevaux I, André M, Bègue R, Colombier M, Aumaître O. Absence d'élévation de la procalcitonine au cours d'infections systémiques à cocci Gram positif: trois observations. Rev Med Interne 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0248-8663(01)80268-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Delevaux I, André M, Bègue R, Colombier M, Piette J, Aumaître O. Intérêt du dosage de la procalcitonine dans le diagnostic différentiel entre embolie pulmonaire et pneumopathie. Rev Med Interne 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0248-8663(01)80081-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Abstract
2 alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone (2 alpha-hydroxy-4-pregnene-3,20-dione) was identified in human late pregnancy urine by liquid-gel chromatography, GLC and GC-MS. In addition, the following 2-hydroxylated C21 steroids were found and identified as 2 zeta-hydroxy-5 zeta-pregnane-3,20-dione, 2 zeta,20 zeta-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one, 2 alpha,3 alpha-dihydroxy-5 alpha- (and 5 beta)-pregnan-20-one, two isomers of pregnane-2,3,20-triol and 2 zeta,3 zeta,16 zeta-trihydroxy-5 zeta-pregnan-20-one.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Colombier
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Médicale, Faculté de Médecine, Université d'Auvergne, (Clermont I), France
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Bonnetot B, Tangi A, Colombier M, Mongeot H. Dehydration of (H3O)2B10H10: An improved preparation of icosaborane oxide, (B10H13)2O. Inorganica Chim Acta 1985. [DOI: 10.1016/s0020-1693(00)85221-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Colombier M. [Corpuscular experiment]. Appl Opt 1967; 6:2196-2197. [PMID: 20062359 DOI: 10.1364/ao.6.2196_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
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