1
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Dygert N, Ustunisik GK, Nielsen RL. Europium in plagioclase-hosted melt inclusions reveals mantle melting modulates oxygen fugacity. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3033. [PMID: 38589354 PMCID: PMC11001916 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47224-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
To gain insights into the composition and heterogeneity of Earth's interior, the partial pressure of oxygen (oxygen fugacity, or fO2) in igneous rocks is characterized. A surprising observation is that relative to reference buffers, fO2s of mantle melts (mid-ocean ridge basalts, or MORBs) and their presumed mantle sources (abyssal peridotites) differ. Globally, MORBs have near-uniform fO2s, whereas abyssal peridotites vary by about three orders of magnitude, suggesting these intimately related geologic reservoirs are out of equilibrium. Here, we characterize fO2s of mantle melting increments represented by plagioclase-hosted melt inclusions, which were entrapped as basaltic melts migrated from their sources toward the seafloor. At temperatures and fO2s constrained by rare earth element distributions, a range of fO2s consistent with the abyssal peridotites is recovered. The fO2s are correlated with geochemical proxies for mantle melting, suggesting partial melting of Earth's mantle decreases its fO2, and that the uniformity of MORB fO2s is a consequence of the melting process and plate tectonic cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Dygert
- Department of Earth, Environmental and Planetary Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, 1621 Cumberland Ave, 602 Strong Hall, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA.
| | - Gokce K Ustunisik
- Department of Geology and Geological Engineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, 501 E. St. Joseph St., Rapid City, SD, 57701, USA
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, American Museum of Natural History, 200 Central Park West, New York, NY, 10024, USA
| | - Roger L Nielsen
- Department of Geology and Geological Engineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, 501 E. St. Joseph St., Rapid City, SD, 57701, USA
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2
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Volante S, Kirscher U. Metamorphic turnover at 2 Ga related to two-stage assembly of Columbia. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6483. [PMID: 38499645 PMCID: PMC10948810 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56691-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding the stabilization of cratons and how this is related to the onset of plate-tectonics is among the most important questions in geoscience. The assembly of Earth's first supercontinent Columbia represents the first lines of evidence for a global subduction network, when the oldest, deep subduction-related rocks have been reported. We combine the low-, intermediate- and high-T/P global metamorphic record with the two-stage assembly of the Nuna-Columbia supercontinent to address the significance of the oldest "cold" rocks (low-T/P) and the related emergence of bimodal metamorphic belts. For this purpose, we analyse two examples from Laurentia (including Greenland) and Australia between 2.0-1.8 Ga and 1.8-1.6 Ga. Two main observations are: (i) a first-stage (2.0-1.8 Ga) amalgamation of the megacontinent Nuna (precursor to Columbia) is characterized by bimodal metamorphism along major mobile belts suturing the megacontinent's center. In contrast, a second-stage (1.8-1.6 Ga) is dominated by the formation of soft collisional orogens during the final Columbia supercontinent assembly, recording intermediate- to high-T/P metamorphism; (ii) the metamorphic signature of the two assembly stages, featuring low- and intermediate-T/P rocks during Nuna assembly followed by their near absence during Columbia amalgamation, contrasts with the thermobaric ratios recorded by the Phanerozoic Gondwana-Pangea assembly, where intermediate and low-T/P rocks dominated the final stage of Pangea amalgamation. This discrepancy may signify substantial changes in intraplate metamorphism and minor rearrangements during Columbia assembly compared to major continent-continent collisions, such as the Appalachian-Variscan Orogen as well as production and fast exhumation of high- to ultra-high-pressure rocks during the assembly of the supercontinent Pangea. Furthermore, the variation of thermobaric ratios aligns with the concept of a two-stage mega-supercontinent formation, emphasizing differences between the potentially oldest and youngest supercontinent cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Volante
- Structural Geology and Tectonics Group, Geological Institute, Department of Earth Sciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Uwe Kirscher
- Earth Dynamics Research Group, The Institute for Geoscience Research (TIGeR), School of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
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3
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Yu P, Mali A, Velaga T, Bi A, Yu J, Marone C, Shokouhi P, Elsworth D. Crustal permeability generated through microearthquakes is constrained by seismic moment. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2057. [PMID: 38448426 PMCID: PMC10918097 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46238-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
We link changes in crustal permeability to informative features of microearthquakes (MEQs) using two field hydraulic stimulation experiments where both MEQs and permeability evolution are recorded simultaneously. The Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (Bi-LSTM) model effectively predicts permeability evolution and ultimate permeability increase. Our findings confirm the form of key features linking the MEQs to permeability, offering mechanistically consistent interpretations of this association. Transfer learning correctly predicts permeability evolution of one experiment from a model trained on an alternate dataset and locale, which further reinforces the innate interdependency of permeability-to-seismicity. Models representing permeability evolution on reactivated fractures in both shear and tension suggest scaling relationships in which changes in permeability ( Δ k ) are linearly related to the seismic moment ( M ) of individual MEQs as Δ k ∝ M . This scaling relation rationalizes our observation of the permeability-to-seismicity linkage, contributes to its predictive robustness and accentuates its potential in characterizing crustal permeability evolution using MEQs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengliang Yu
- EMS Energy Institute, G3 Center and Department of Geosciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, USA.
- EMS Energy Insititute, G3 Center and Department of Energy and Mineral Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, USA.
| | - Ankur Mali
- Department of Computer Science & Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Thejasvi Velaga
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Alex Bi
- Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Jiayi Yu
- EMS Energy Insititute, G3 Center and Department of Energy and Mineral Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, USA
| | - Chris Marone
- EMS Energy Institute, G3 Center and Department of Geosciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, USA
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, La Sapienza Università di Roma, Roma, Italy
| | - Parisa Shokouhi
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Derek Elsworth
- EMS Energy Institute, G3 Center and Department of Geosciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, USA.
- EMS Energy Insititute, G3 Center and Department of Energy and Mineral Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, USA.
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4
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Gómez-Frutos D, Castro A, de la Rosa J. The pristine precursor of Andean-type magmatism preserved in magma mingling zones. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5047. [PMID: 38424132 PMCID: PMC10904382 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55699-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Intermediate magma compositions have been postulated to be parental to Andean-type magmatism in the recent years. Geochemical and experimental methods have allowed the modelling of a hypothetical parental composition that accounts for the major element trends displayed by Andean-type batholiths. However, natural plutonic examples matching the modelled composition remain lacking, likely due to the predominance of fractionated liquids and cumulates in the batholiths after protracted and large-scale differentiation. Contrary to this, magma mingling zones, a common feature in Andean-type batholiths, are characterised by quenching phenomena, minimising differentiation. In this paper, we present data from intermediate magmatism in the world-class Gerena magma mingling zone in the Seville Sierra Norte batholith (southern Iberia), compositionally equivalent to Andean-type magmatic series. Geochemical data from quenched dark globules of variable scale and the corresponding host granodiorites are contrasted with the bimodal trends displayed by the host batholith. Results suggest that the smaller-scale dark globules have not undergone any significant fractionation. Furthermore, after conducting geochemical modelling we conclude the dark globules represent a composition that could be parental to Andean-type magmas. We propose that magma mingling zones are an optimal place to probe for parental magmas of Andean-type magmatism, particularly those represented in pristine melanocratic, intermediate globules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Gómez-Frutos
- Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), C. José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Antonio Castro
- Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), C. José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús de la Rosa
- Centro de Investigación CIQSO, Universidad de Huelva, Huelva, Spain
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5
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Smit MA, Musiyachenko KA, Goumans J. Author Correction: Archaean continental crust formed from mafic cumulates. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1324. [PMID: 38351105 PMCID: PMC10864302 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45941-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Matthijs A Smit
- Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2020-2207 Main Mall, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4, Canada.
- Department of Geosciences, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Frescativägen 40, SE-104 05, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Kira A Musiyachenko
- Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2020-2207 Main Mall, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Jeroen Goumans
- Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2020-2207 Main Mall, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4, Canada
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6
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Ohuchi T, Higo Y, Tange Y, Sakai T, Matsuda K, Irifune T. Author Correction: In situ X-ray and acoustic observations of deep seismic faulting upon phase transitions in olivine. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1233. [PMID: 38336853 PMCID: PMC10858252 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45682-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Ohuchi
- Geodynamics Research Center, Ehime University, Matsuyama, 790-8577, Japan.
| | - Yuji Higo
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Sayo, Hyogo, 679-5198, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Tange
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Sayo, Hyogo, 679-5198, Japan
- Sumitomo Electric Industries Ltd., Itami, Osaka, 664-0016, Japan
| | - Takeshi Sakai
- Geodynamics Research Center, Ehime University, Matsuyama, 790-8577, Japan
| | - Kohei Matsuda
- Geodynamics Research Center, Ehime University, Matsuyama, 790-8577, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Irifune
- Geodynamics Research Center, Ehime University, Matsuyama, 790-8577, Japan
- Earth-Life Science Institute, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan
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7
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Smit MA, Musiyachenko KA, Goumans J. Archaean continental crust formed from mafic cumulates. Nat Commun 2024; 15:692. [PMID: 38267412 PMCID: PMC10808207 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-44849-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Large swaths of juvenile crust with tonalite-trondhjemite-granodiorite (TTG) composition were added to the continental crust from about 3.5 billion years ago. Although TTG magmatism marked a pivotal step in early crustal growth and cratonisation, the petrogenetic processes, tectonic setting and sources of TTGs are not well known. Here, we investigate the composition and petrogenesis of Archaean TTGs using high field-strength-element systematics. The Nb concentrations and Ti anomalies of TTGs show the overwhelming effects of amphibole and plagioclase fractionation and permit constraints on the composition of primary TTG melts. These melts are relatively incompatible element-poor and characterised by variably high La/Sm, Sm/Yb and Sr/Y, and positive Eu anomalies. Differences in these parameters are not indicative of melting depth, but instead track differences in the degree of melting and fractional crystallisation. Primary TTGs formed by the melting of rutile- and garnet-bearing plagioclase-cumulate rocks that resided in proto-continental roots. The partial melting of these rocks is part of a causal chain that links TTG magmatism to the formation of sanukitoids and K-rich granites. Together, these processes explain the growth and differentiation of the continental crust during the Archaean without requiring external forcing such as meteorite impact or the start of global plate tectonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthijs A Smit
- Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2020-2207 Main Mall, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4, Canada.
- Department of Geosciences, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Frescativägen 40, SE-104 05, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Kira A Musiyachenko
- Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2020-2207 Main Mall, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Jeroen Goumans
- Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2020-2207 Main Mall, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4, Canada
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8
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Cáceres F, Hess KU, Eitel M, Döblinger M, McCartney KN, Colombier M, Gilder SA, Scheu B, Kaliwoda M, Dingwell DB. Oxide nanolitisation-induced melt iron extraction causes viscosity jumps and enhanced explosivity in silicic magma. Nat Commun 2024; 15:604. [PMID: 38242880 PMCID: PMC10799068 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-44850-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Explosivity in erupting volcanoes is controlled by the degassing dynamics and the viscosity of the ascending magma in the conduit. Magma crystallisation enhances both heterogeneous bubble nucleation and increases in magma bulk viscosity. Nanolite crystallisation has been suggested to enhance such processes too, but in a noticeably higher extent. Yet the precise causes of the resultant strong viscosity increase remain unclear. Here we report experimental results for rapid nanolite crystallisation in natural silicic magma and the extent of the subsequent viscosity increase. Nanolite-free and nanolite-bearing rhyolite magmas were subjected to heat treatments, where magmas crystallised or re-crystallised oxide nanolites depending on their initial state, showing an increase of one order of magnitude as oxide nanolites formed. We thus demonstrate that oxide nanolites crystallisation increases magma bulk viscosity mainly by increasing the viscosity of its melt phase due to the chemical extraction of iron, whereas the physical effect of particle suspension is minor, almost negligible. Importantly, we further observe that this increase is sufficient for driving magma fragmentation depending on magma degassing and ascent dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Cáceres
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) München, Theresienstr. 41, 80333, Munich, Germany.
- Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Católica del Maule, Avenida San Miguel, 3605, Talca, Chile.
| | - Kai-Uwe Hess
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) München, Theresienstr. 41, 80333, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Eitel
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) München, Theresienstr. 41, 80333, Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Döblinger
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) München, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Kelly N McCartney
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA
| | - Mathieu Colombier
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) München, Theresienstr. 41, 80333, Munich, Germany
| | - Stuart A Gilder
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) München, Theresienstr. 41, 80333, Munich, Germany
| | - Bettina Scheu
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) München, Theresienstr. 41, 80333, Munich, Germany
| | - Melanie Kaliwoda
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) München, Theresienstr. 41, 80333, Munich, Germany
- Mineralogical State Collection of Munich (SNSB-Natural Science Collections of Bavaria), Theresienstrasse 41, 80333, Munich, Germany
| | - Donald B Dingwell
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) München, Theresienstr. 41, 80333, Munich, Germany
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9
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Hornby AJ, Ayris PM, Damby DE, Diplas S, Eychenne J, Kendrick JE, Cimarelli C, Kueppers U, Scheu B, Utley JEP, Dingwell DB. Nanoscale silicate melt textures determine volcanic ash surface chemistry. Nat Commun 2024; 15:531. [PMID: 38225238 PMCID: PMC10789741 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-44712-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Explosive volcanic eruptions produce vast quantities of silicate ash, whose surfaces are subsequently altered during atmospheric transit. These altered surfaces mediate environmental interactions, including atmospheric ice nucleation, and toxic effects in biota. A lack of knowledge of the initial, pre-altered ash surface has required previous studies to assume that the ash surface composition created during magmatic fragmentation is equivalent to the bulk particle assemblage. Here we examine ash particles generated by controlled fragmentation of andesite and find that fragmentation generates ash particles with substantial differences in surface chemistry. We attribute this disparity to observations of nanoscale melt heterogeneities, in which Fe-rich nanophases in the magmatic melt deflect and blunt fractures, thereby focusing fracture propagation within aureoles of single-phase melt formed during diffusion-limited growth of crystals. In this manner, we argue that commonly observed pre-eruptive microtextures caused by disequilibrium crystallisation and/or melt unmixing can modify fracture propagation and generate primary discrepancies in ash surface chemistry, an essential consideration for understanding the cascading consequences of reactive ash surfaces in various environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian J Hornby
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universtität (LMU), München, Germany.
| | - Paul M Ayris
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universtität (LMU), München, Germany
| | - David E Damby
- U.S. Geological Survey, Volcano Science Center, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | | | - Julia Eychenne
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, IRD, OPGC, Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, INSERM, Institut de Génétique Reproduction et Développement, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Jackie E Kendrick
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universtität (LMU), München, Germany
| | - Corrado Cimarelli
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universtität (LMU), München, Germany
| | - Ulrich Kueppers
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universtität (LMU), München, Germany
| | - Bettina Scheu
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universtität (LMU), München, Germany
| | - James E P Utley
- Department of Earth, Ocean & Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Donald B Dingwell
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universtität (LMU), München, Germany
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10
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Giuntoli F, Menegon L, Siron G, Cognigni F, Leroux H, Compagnoni R, Rossi M, Vitale Brovarone A. Methane-hydrogen-rich fluid migration may trigger seismic failure in subduction zones at forearc depths. Nat Commun 2024; 15:480. [PMID: 38212306 PMCID: PMC10784519 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44641-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Metamorphic fluids, faults, and shear zones are carriers of carbon from the deep Earth to shallower reservoirs. Some of these fluids are reduced and transport energy sources, like H2 and light hydrocarbons. Mechanisms and pathways capable of transporting these deep energy sources towards shallower reservoirs remain unidentified. Here we present geological evidence of failure of mechanically strong rocks due to the accumulation of CH4-H2-rich fluids at deep forearc depths, which ultimately reached supralithostatic pore fluid pressure. These fluids originated from adjacent reduction of carbonates by H2-rich fluids during serpentinization at eclogite-to-blueschist-facies conditions. Thermodynamic modeling predicts that the production and accumulation of CH4-H2-rich aqueous fluids can produce fluid overpressure more easily than carbon-poor and CO2-rich aqueous fluids. This study provides evidence for the migration of deep Earth energy sources along tectonic discontinuities, and suggests causal relationships with brittle failure of hard rock types that may trigger seismic activity at forearc depths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Giuntoli
- Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Luca Menegon
- The Njord Centre, Department of Geosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Guillaume Siron
- Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Flavio Cognigni
- Department of Basic and Applied Sciences for Engineering (SBAI), Università degli Studi di Roma La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Hugues Leroux
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, INRAE, Centrale Lille, UMR 8207, UMET, Unité Matériaux et Transformations, Lille, France
| | - Roberto Compagnoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università degli Studi di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Marco Rossi
- Department of Basic and Applied Sciences for Engineering (SBAI), Università degli Studi di Roma La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Vitale Brovarone
- Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
- Sorbonne Université, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, UMR CNRS 7590, IRD, Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie, IMPMC, Paris, France.
- Institute of Geosciences and Earth Resources, National Research Council of Italy, Pisa, Italy.
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11
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Wang M. Study conical pick cutting performance and fatigue life in breaking rock plate process with numerical simulation. Sci Rep 2024; 14:857. [PMID: 38195851 PMCID: PMC10776770 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51351-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The fatigue life and cutting performance of conical pick is essential for the roadheader machine in the excavation engineering. In rock breaking process, the rock structural conditions has a certain influence on the rock breaking and rock damage with roadheader breaking rock. Established the simulation model of conical pick cutting jointed rock to investigate the influence of the rock joint, rock bedding and confining pressure on the cutting performance and fatigue life of conical pick and rock damage. And the MATLAB is applied to solve the difficulty of rock damage statistical analysis. The research results indicated that the cutting force decreases with the rock joint length increasing, the cutting force increases first and decreases with the rock bedding angle increasing, however, the cutting force decreases first and then increases with the confining pressure increasing. The rock damage has a great relationship with the rock joint, rock bedding and confining pressure. The rock damage increases first and decreases then with the rock joint increasing and the rock bedding angle increasing. However, the influence of confining pressure on rock damage is contrary. Meanwhile, the rock fracture volume is positively correlated with damage value. The research results indicated that the rock structural parameters have an obvious influence on conical pick cutting performance and rock damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyan Wang
- College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, China.
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12
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Kitanaka R, Tsuboi M, Numata T, Muramiya Y, Yoshida H, Ozaki Y. Visualization and identification of components in a gigantic spherical dolomite concretion by Raman imaging in combination with MCR or CLS methods. Sci Rep 2024; 14:749. [PMID: 38185706 PMCID: PMC10772084 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51147-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The combination of Raman imaging and multivariate curve resolution (MCR) or classical least squares (CLS) has allowed us to explore the distribution and identification of components in a gigantic spherical dolomite concretion. It has been found by the MCR and CLS analyses of imaging data that the concretion contains dolomite, kerogen, anatase, quartz, plagioclase, and carbon materials with considerably large distribution of dolomite. The existence of these components has also been confirmed by the point-by-point analysis of imaging data. The distributions of these components were clearly observed by Raman images. Of note is that the amount of carbon materials is considerably large, and they are buried among the matrix sedimentary grains in the concretion, suggesting that there exist soft tissues with biological origin. Moreover, one of the loading spectra of CLS shows intense bands in the region of 3000-2800 cm-1, and bands at ca. 1658, ca. 1585, 1455, 1323, and 1261 cm-1. These bands indicate the existence of decomposed organic materials in the concretion. Raman imaging of concretions provides direct evidence that concretions are of biological organic origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Kitanaka
- Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Kwansei Gakuin University, 1 Gakuen Uegahara, Sanda, Hyogo, 669-1330, Japan
| | - Motohiro Tsuboi
- Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Kwansei Gakuin University, 1 Gakuen Uegahara, Sanda, Hyogo, 669-1330, Japan.
| | - Tomoko Numata
- HORIBA, Techno Service Co., Ltd., Chiyoda, Tokyo, 101-0063, Japan
| | - Yusuke Muramiya
- Fukada Geological Institute, 2-13-12 Honkomagome, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0021, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Yoshida
- Material Research Section, Nagoya University, University Museum, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Ozaki
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Kwansei Gakuin University, 1 Gakuen Uegahara, Sanda, Hyogo, 669-1330, Japan.
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13
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Hess T, Mullis J, Franz L. The first petrographic characterisation of a prehistoric rock crystal mine in the Swiss Alps. Sci Rep 2023; 13:23107. [PMID: 38158400 PMCID: PMC10756879 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48914-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Over the past decades, there has been increasing evidence for the prehistoric use of rock crystal in mountainous environments, including craft specialisation and long-distance exchange. Yet there are only a few known sites where the mineral was quarried in sustainable quantities. One of them is situated near Fiescheralp in the Upper Valais (Switzerland) and dates to the Early Mesolithic and a final stage of the Neolithic. Here we present the first petrographic characterisation of a prehistoric rock crystal mine in the Swiss Alps, involving a combination of different methods. The article provides a detailed description of the fluid inclusions within the quartz crystals and an overview over the related mineral paragenesis. This gives interesting new insights into the formation of the analysed fissure and allows comparing rock crystal artefacts found in other archaeological sites to this particular source. The results form the basis for further investigations concerning the circulation and distribution of the raw material in the past.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Hess
- Department of Early Prehistory and Quaternary Ecology, University of Tübingen, Schloss Hohentübingen, 72070, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Josef Mullis
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Bernoullistrasse 30/32, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Leander Franz
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Bernoullistrasse 30/32, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland
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14
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Pietruszka DK, Hanchar JM, Tornos F, Wirth R, Graham NA, Severin KP, Velasco F, Steele-MacInnis M, Bain WM. Magmatic immiscibility and the origin of magnetite-(apatite) iron deposits. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8424. [PMID: 38114455 PMCID: PMC10730833 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43655-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The origin of magnetite-(apatite) iron deposits (MtAp) is one of the most contentious issues in ore geology with competing models that range from hydrothermal to magmatic processes. Here we report melt inclusions trapped in plagioclase phenocrysts in andesite hosting the MtAp mineralization at El Laco, Chile. The results of our study reveal that individual melt inclusions preserve evidence of complex processes involved in melt immiscibility, including separation of Si- and Fe-rich melts, the latter hosting Cu sulfide-rich, phosphate-rich, and residual C-O-HFSE-rich melts, with their melting temperature at 1145 °C. This association is consistent with the assemblages observed in the ore, and provides a link between silicate and Fe-P-rich melts that subsequently produced the magnetite-rich magmas that extruded on the flanks of the volcano. These results strongly suggest that the El Laco mineralization was derived from crystallization of Fe-P-rich melts, thus providing insight into the formation of similar deposits elsewhere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota K Pietruszka
- Department of Earth Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1B 3X5, Canada
| | - John M Hanchar
- Department of Earth Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1B 3X5, Canada.
| | - Fernando Tornos
- Department of Earth Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1B 3X5, Canada
- Instituto de Geociencias (CSIC-UCM), Severo Ochoa 7, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Richard Wirth
- GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Section 3.5 Interface Geochemistry, Telegrafenberg, Potsdam, 14473, Germany
| | - Nathan A Graham
- Department of Geosciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, 99775, USA
| | - Kenneth P Severin
- Department of Geosciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, 99775, USA
| | - Francisco Velasco
- Departamento de Mineralogía y Petrología, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, 48080, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Matthew Steele-MacInnis
- Department of Earth & Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E3, Canada
| | - Wyatt M Bain
- Department of Earth & Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E3, Canada
- British Columbia Geological Survey, Ministry of Energy, Mines, and Low Carbon Innovation, Victoria, BC, V8T 4J1, Canada
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15
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Mulder SJ, van Ruitenbeek FJA, Foing BH, Sánchez-Román M. Multitechnique characterization of secondary minerals near HI-SEAS, Hawaii, as Martian subsurface analogues. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22603. [PMID: 38114584 PMCID: PMC10730813 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48923-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Secondary minerals in lava tubes on Earth provide valuable insight into subsurface processes and the preservation of biosignatures on Mars. Inside lava tubes near the Hawaii-Space Exploration and Analog Simulation (HI-SEAS) habitat on the northeast flank of Mauna Loa, Hawaii, a variety of secondary deposits with distinct morphologies were observed consisting of mainly sodium sulphate powders, gypsum crystalline crusts, and small coralloid speleothems that comprise opal and calcite layers. These secondary deposits formed as a result of hydrological processes shortly after the formation and cooling of the lava tubes and are preserved over long periods of time in relatively dry conditions. The coralloid speleothem layers are likely related to wet and dry periods in which opal and calcite precipitates in cycles. Potential biosignatures seem to have been preserved in the form of porous stromatolite-like layers within the coralloid speleothems. Similar secondary deposits and lava tubes have been observed abundantly on the Martian surface suggesting similar formation mechanisms compared to this study. The origin of secondary minerals from tholeiitic basalts together with potential evidence for microbial processes make the lava tubes near HI-SEAS a relevant analog for Martian surface and subsurface environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian J Mulder
- Energy and Sustainability Research Institute Groningen, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 6, 9746 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands.
- Earth Sciences Department, Science Faculty, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Frank J A van Ruitenbeek
- Department of Applied Earth Sciences, Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Bernard H Foing
- LUNEX/ILEWG EuroMoonMars & Leiden Observatory, Universiteit Leiden, Niels Bohrweg 2, 2333 CA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Mónica Sánchez-Román
- Earth Sciences Department, Science Faculty, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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16
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Xie J, Hao X, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Xia Y, He Y. Fracture identification and characteristics of carbonate underground gas storage: an example from the eastern area of Sulige gas field, ordos Basin, China. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22446. [PMID: 38105300 PMCID: PMC10725891 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50072-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The carbonate rock formations have obvious dual media characteristics, fracture development and good physical conditions, which are the main seepage channels and storage spaces for gas after the reconstruction of underground gas storage. The carbonate strata of the Ordovician system are important natural gas reservoirs in the eastern area of Sulige Gas Field in the Ordos Basin, and the identification and characterization of their fractures are of great significance for the modeling of fractures in the later stage and the improvement of the operation scheme of the gas storage. At present, there is little research on fractures, which restricts exploration and development. Therefore, taking the 39-61 gas storage reservoir in the eastern area of Sulige Gas Field in the Ordos Basin as the research object, this paper identifies and studies the characteristics of the fractures by core, microscopic, conventional logging curves, and imaging logging identification. The results show that the fracture length ranges from 5 to 15 cm and the width ranges from 0.1 to 3 mm. The fracture angles are mostly between 75° and 90° and the main direction is NW-SE. In conventional logging curves, porosity logging has a good response to fractures, while resistivity logging has a general response to fractures; In layers with more developed fractures, natural gamma values are mostly higher than 40API, rock volume density is less than 2.8 g/cm3, neutron porosity is greater than 12.5%, and acoustic time difference is greater than 160 μ s/m. This study is of great significance for improving the identification of carbonate fractures, enriching the relevant theories, and providing guidance for the construction of carbonate gas storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Xie
- College of Earth Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, China
| | - Xiaofan Hao
- College of Earth Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, China
| | - Yuanpei Zhang
- College of Earth Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, China.
| | - Jianguo Zhang
- Changqing Oilfield Exploration and Development Research Institute, Xi'an, 710012, China
| | - Yong Xia
- Changqing Oilfield Exploration and Development Research Institute, Xi'an, 710012, China
| | - Yilin He
- Changqing Oilfield Exploration and Development Research Institute, Xi'an, 710012, China
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17
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Jing Y, Kumaran AU, Stimson DHR, Mardon K, Najdovski L, Armstrong RT, Mostaghimi P. Positron emission tomography dataset of [ 11C]carbon dioxide storage in coal for geo-sequestration application. Sci Data 2023; 10:840. [PMID: 38030650 PMCID: PMC10687076 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-023-02754-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Positron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging has demonstrated its capability in providing time-lapse fluid flow visualisation for improving the understanding of flow properties of geologic media. To investigate the process of CO2 geo-sequestration using PET imaging technology, [11C]CO2 is the most optimal and direct radiotracer. However, it has not been extensively used due to the short half-life of Carbon-11 (20.4 minutes). In this work, a novel laboratory protocol is developed to use [11C]CO2 as radiolabelled tracer to visualise and quantify in-situ CO2 adsorption, spreading, diffusion, and advection flow in coal. This protocol consists of generation and delivering of [11C]CO2, lab-based PET scanning, subsequent micro-CT scanning, and data processing. The lab-based PET scanning setup integrates in-situ core flooding tests with PET scanning. The real-time PET images are acquired under different storage conditions, including early gas production stage, depleted stage, and late storage stage. These datasets can be used to study across-scale theoretical and experimental study of CO2 flow behaviour in coal with the application to CO2 geo-sequestration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jing
- School of Minerals and Energy Resources Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Aaron Uthaia Kumaran
- School of Minerals and Energy Resources Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Damion Howard Read Stimson
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Karine Mardon
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Ljubco Najdovski
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Ryan T Armstrong
- School of Minerals and Energy Resources Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Peyman Mostaghimi
- School of Minerals and Energy Resources Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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18
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Chen C, Zhao B, Zhang L, Huang W. Mechanism of strength deterioration of red sandstone on reservoir bank slopes under the action of dry-wet cycles. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20027. [PMID: 37973810 PMCID: PMC10654736 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47397-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the micro-scale mechanism of strength deterioration under different times of dry-wet cycles, laboratory tests of physical properties, triaxial compression, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were conducted on red sandstone on reservoir bank slopes. The research results showed that when the 5th dry-wet cycle ended, the dry mass and peak strength started to rapidly decline, while the porosity and saturated mass increased rapidly. In general, all of these behaviours become relatively stable when the number of cycles increased. Similarly, cohesion and internal friction angle changed most significantly from 0 to 10 cycles and then became stable. In addition, the physical expansion of the adsorbed water film and the dissolution and expansion of mineral particles increased the number of internal microcracks and pores and the porosity and saturated mass of the sample. In addition, the pore fluid effect and fracture flow effect made the microcracks in the red sandstone grow and connect; thus, the peak strength of the sample decreased. Moreover, during the dry-wet cycles, the change in the relative content of mineral particles and the pore fluid effect weakened the clay cementation, and then the dry mass and cohesion of the samples decreased. The research reported in this paper will play a very significant role in the scientific analysis of slope stability in the Three Gorges Reservoir area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Chen
- CCTEG Chongqing Engineering (Group) Co., LTD, Chongqing, 400016, China
- School of Civil Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China
| | - Baoyun Zhao
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, 401331, China.
| | - Liyun Zhang
- Finance Bureau of Korla City, Bazhou, 841000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Wei Huang
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, 401331, China
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19
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Gülmez F, Prelević D, Förster MW, Buhre S, Günther J. Experimental production of K-rich metasomes through sediment recycling at the slab-mantle interface in the fore-arc. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19608. [PMID: 37949895 PMCID: PMC10638307 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46367-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Sediment contribution to the mantle is the key step for the generation of orogenic magmatism to produce its isotopic and geochemical inventory. Even though they are exceptional for the post-collisional settings, there are worldwide examples of arc-related ultrapotassic mafic magmas which require complex multi-stage processes along with sediment melting e.g. in Italy or Pontides of Türkiye. To understand the metasomatism leading mantle to produce ultrapotassic mafic melts, we simulated the reactions of depleted (harzburgite) and fertile (lherzolite) mantle with subducted carbonate-rich sediment at relatively cold (800-850 °C) and shallow (2 GPa, 60-80 km) slab-mantle interfaces. The melting of sediments can trigger the formation of immiscible and conjugate carbonatitic and silicic melts which flux the mantle to develop hydrous minerals and dolomitic melt. The metasomatic growth product is a wehrlite composed of clinopyroxene, phlogopite, carbonate minerals and amphibole, representing a source of choice for Si-undersaturated ultrapotassic lavas. The occurrence of conjugate carbonatitic and silicic melts and their potential physical separation, offer a possibility for fractionation of several canonical trace element ratios such as Th/La, observed in Si-saturated ultrapotassic lavas. The synergy between peridotite-melt interaction and the physical separation of the carbonatitic and extremely K-enriched silicic melts are essential for the compositional evolution of ultrapotassic orogenic magmas and their mantle sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Gülmez
- Department of Geological Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, 34469, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Dejan Prelević
- Faculty of Mining and Geology, University of Belgrade, Đušina 7, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia.
- Institut fur Geowissenschaften, Johannes-Gutenberg-Universität, 55099, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Michael W Förster
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Stephan Buhre
- Institut fur Geowissenschaften, Johannes-Gutenberg-Universität, 55099, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jennifer Günther
- Institut fur Geowissenschaften, Johannes-Gutenberg-Universität, 55099, Mainz, Germany
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20
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Corre M, Brunet F, Schwartz S, Gautheron C, Agranier A, Lesimple S. Quaternary low-temperature serpentinization and carbonation in the New Caledonia ophiolite. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19413. [PMID: 37940638 PMCID: PMC10632469 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46691-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The low-temperature alteration (< 150 °C) of ophiolites by infiltrated meteoric waters removes atmospheric CO2 through mineral carbonation and is assumed to generate H2 and possibly CH4 according to so-called serpentinization reactions. This overall alteration pattern is primarily constrained by the chemical composition of alkaline springs that are issued in several ophiolites worldwide. Here we report on the fingerprint, as veinlet mineralization, of the reactive percolation of such meteoric waters in the New Caledonia ophiolite (Massif du Sud). The mineralization which resulted from carbonation and serpentinization reactions, is young (< 2 Ma) and formed at a temperature of ca. 95 °C. It is mainly composed of lizardite, dolomite, magnetite ± pyroaurite. Thermochemical simulation of mineral-water equilibria shows that the percolating aqueous fluid was alkaline and H2 bearing. The δ13C of dolomite is exceptionally high, between 7.1 and up to 17.3‰, and is interpreted as evidence of low-temperature methanogenesis. Overall, the percolating fluid had a chemical composition similar to that of the waters issued today in the (hyper)alkaline springs of the Massif du Sud. The studied veinlets are thus interpreted as a sample of the plumbing system that fed an ancient Quaternary alkaline spring in the area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Corre
- ISTerre, Université Grenoble Alpes, USMB, CNRS, IRD, 38041, Grenoble, France
| | - Fabrice Brunet
- ISTerre, Université Grenoble Alpes, USMB, CNRS, IRD, 38041, Grenoble, France.
| | - Stéphane Schwartz
- ISTerre, Université Grenoble Alpes, USMB, CNRS, IRD, 38041, Grenoble, France
| | - Cécile Gautheron
- ISTerre, Université Grenoble Alpes, USMB, CNRS, IRD, 38041, Grenoble, France
- GEOPS, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Arnaud Agranier
- GEO-OCEAN, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, IUEM, CNRS, 29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Stéphane Lesimple
- Service Géologique de Nouvelle-Calédonie, BP M2, 98849, Nouméa, New Caledonia
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21
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Giuliani A, Phillips D, Pearson DG, Sarkar S, Müller AA, Weiss Y, Preston R, Seller M, Spetsius Z. Diamond preservation in the lithospheric mantle recorded by olivine in kimberlites. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6999. [PMID: 37919292 PMCID: PMC10622582 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42888-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The diamond potential of kimberlites is difficult to assess due to several mantle and magmatic processes affecting diamond content. Traditionally, initial evaluations are based on the compositions of mantle-derived minerals (garnet, chromite, clinopyroxene), which allow an assessment of pressure-temperature conditions and lithologies suitable for diamond formation. Here we explore a complementary approach that considers the conditions of diamonds destruction by interaction with melts/fluids (metasomatism). We test the hypothesis that carbonate-rich metasomatism related to kimberlite melt infiltration into the deep lithosphere is detrimental to diamond preservation. Our results show that high diamond grades in kimberlites worldwide are exclusively associated with high-Mg/Fe olivine, which corresponds to mantle lithosphere minimally affected by kimberlite-related metasomatism. Diamond dissolution in strongly metasomatised lithosphere containing low-Mg/Fe olivine provides a causal link to the empirical associations between low diamond grades, abundant Ti-Zr-rich garnets and kimberlites with high Ti and low Mg contents. This finding show-cases olivine geochemistry as a viable tool in diamond exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Giuliani
- Institute for Geochemistry and Petrology, Department of Earth Sciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - David Phillips
- School of Geography, Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - D Graham Pearson
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AL, Canada
| | - Soumendu Sarkar
- School of Geography, Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Alex A Müller
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AL, Canada
| | - Yaakov Weiss
- Institute of Earth Sciences, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | | | - Zdislav Spetsius
- Institute of Diamond and Precious Metal Geology, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Yakutsk, Russia
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22
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Tai L, Li C, Gu S, Yu X, Xu Z, Sun L. Research on dynamic response characteristics of normal fault footwall working face and rock burst prevention technology under the influence of the gob area. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18676. [PMID: 37907527 PMCID: PMC10618448 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45904-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
To study the effect of mining dynamic response characteristics on the footwall working face of the normal fault under the influence of the gob area, theoretical research, indoor experiment, and numerical simulation are adopted to analyze the stress manifestation characteristics, overburden movement, and energy evolution characteristics during the process of mining. The results show that: (1) In the process of mining toward the fault, the working face shows the change characteristics of "stable-activation mutation-final stability". At 20 m from the fault, the arch structure of the working face was damaged, fissures appeared near the high fault fracture zone, and the displacement of the overburden rock increased significantly; (2) the maximum value was reached at 4-8 m from the coal wall, and the superposition of tectonic stress and mining stress led to the concentration of the stress and energy accumulating on the top plate near the fault, and the data close to the gob area were even larger; (3) If the plastic damage zone of the high-level rock layer on the hanging wall and footwall of the fault appears to have a wide range of penetration, and the area formed between the shear displacement curve of the fault plane and the X-axis appears to have a significant enhancement, it is considered that the fault has been activated; (4) The size of the coal pillar of the fault is determined to be 40 m, and combined with the pressure unloading technique of the variable-diameter drilling hole, the validation is carried out through the micro-vibration monitoring, and the results of which can be used as a reference for the safety of the working face under similar conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianhai Tai
- School of Mines, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Deep Coal Resource Mining, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Chong Li
- School of Mines, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, China.
- MOE Key Laboratory of Deep Coal Resource Mining, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, China.
| | - Shitan Gu
- School of Energy and Mining Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, China.
| | - Xiaoxiao Yu
- School of Mines, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Deep Coal Resource Mining, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Zhijun Xu
- School of Mines, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Deep Coal Resource Mining, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Lei Sun
- School of Mines, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Deep Coal Resource Mining, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, China
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23
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Remigi S, Frezzotti ML, Rizzo AL, Esposito R, Bodnar RJ, Sandoval-Velasquez A, Aiuppa A. Spatially resolved CO 2 carbon stable isotope analyses at the microscale using Raman spectroscopy. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18561. [PMID: 37899368 PMCID: PMC10613625 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44903-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Measuring the carbon stable isotope ratio (13C/12C, expressed as δ13CCO2) in geogenic CO2 fluids is a crucial geochemical tool for studying Earth's degassing. Carbon stable isotope analysis is traditionally performed by bulk mass spectrometry. Although Raman spectroscopy distinguishes 12CO2 and 13CO2 isotopologue bands in spectra, using this technique to determine CO2 isotopic signature has been challenging. Here, we report on in-situ non-destructive analyses of the C stable isotopic composition of CO2, applying a novel high-resolution Raman configuration on 42 high-density CO2 fluid inclusions in mantle rocks from the Lake Tana region (Ethiopia) and El Hierro (Canary Islands). We collected two sets of three spectra with different acquisition times at high spectral resolution in each fluid inclusion. Among the 84 sets of spectra, 58 were characterised by integrated 13CO2/12CO2 band area ratios with reproducibility better than 4‰. Our results demonstrate the determination of δ13CCO2 by Raman spectroscopy in individual fluid inclusions with an error better than 2.5 ‰, which satisfactorily matches bulk mass spectrometry analyses in the same rock samples, supporting the accuracy of the measurements. We thus show that Raman Spectroscopy can provide a fundamental methodology for non-destructive, site-specific, and spatially resolved carbon isotope labelling at the microscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Remigi
- Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Ambiente e della Terra, Università Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 4, 20126, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria-Luce Frezzotti
- Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Ambiente e della Terra, Università Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 4, 20126, Milan, Italy.
| | - Andrea Luca Rizzo
- Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Ambiente e della Terra, Università Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 4, 20126, Milan, Italy
| | - Rosario Esposito
- Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Ambiente e della Terra, Università Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 4, 20126, Milan, Italy
| | - Robert J Bodnar
- Department of Geosciences, Virginia Tech, 926 West Campus Drive, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Andres Sandoval-Velasquez
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra e del Mare, Università di Palermo, Via Archirafi 36, 90123, Palermo, Italy
| | - Alessandro Aiuppa
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra e del Mare, Università di Palermo, Via Archirafi 36, 90123, Palermo, Italy
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24
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Dowlatabadi M, Azizi S, Dehbashi M, Sadeqi H. A novel neural-evolutionary framework for predicting weight on the bit in drilling operations. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18539. [PMID: 37898632 PMCID: PMC10613297 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45760-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This study compares the performance of artificial neural networks (ANN) trained by grey wolf optimization (GWO), biogeography-based optimization (BBO), and Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) to estimate the weight on bit (WOB). To this end, a dataset consisting of drilling depth, drill string rotational speed, rate of penetration, and volumetric flow rate as input variables and the WOB as a response is used to develop and validate the intelligent tools. The relevance test is applied to sort the strength of WOB dependency on the considered features. It was observed that the WOB has the highest linear correlation with the drilling depth and drill string rotational speed. After dividing the databank into the training and testing (4:1) parts, the proposed LM-ANN, GWO-ANN, and BBO-ANN ensembles are constructed. A sensitivity analysis is then carried out to find the most powerful structure of the models. Each model performs to reveal the relationship between the WOB and the mentioned independent factors. The performance of the models is finally evaluated by mean square error (MSE) and mean absolute error criteria. The results showed that both GWO and BBO algorithms effectively help the ANN to achieve a more accurate prediction of the WOB. Accordingly, the training MSEs decreased by 14.62% and 24.90%, respectively, by applying the GWO and BBO evolutionary algorithms. Meanwhile, these values were obtained as around 9.86% and 9.41% for the prediction error of the ANN in the testing phase. It was also deduced that the BBO performs more efficiently than the other technique. The effect of input variables dimension on the accuracy and training time of the BBO-ANN clarified that the most accurate WOB predictions are achieved when the model constructs with all four input variables instead of utilizing either three or two of them with the highest linear correlation. It was also observed that the training stage of the BBO-ANN model with four input variables needs a little more computational time than its training with either two or three variables. Finally, the accuracy of the BBO-ANN model for the WOB prediction has been compared with the multiple linear regression, support vector regression, adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference systems, and group method of data handling. The statistical accuracy analysis confirmed that the BBO-ANN is more accurate than the other checked techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masrour Dowlatabadi
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Saeed Azizi
- Chemical Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Mohsen Dehbashi
- Institute of Physics, Center for Science and Education, Silesian University of Technology, Konarskiego 22B, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland.
| | - Hamed Sadeqi
- Information Technology Department, Informatic University of Applied Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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25
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Wang XH, Jing W, Zhang WB, Wang JH, Yun QL, Wang YQ, Yi S. An analysis of impact load and fragmentation dimension to explore energy dissipation patterns in coal crushing. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18255. [PMID: 37880353 PMCID: PMC10600144 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45422-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This research delineates the energy dissipation characteristics in coal crushing under impact loads, leveraging the capabilities of Separated Hopkinson Pressure Bar experimental system. A meticulous examination of both burst-prone and non-burst-prone coal samples during destruction processes was undertaken to decipher the dynamic compression mechanical attributes from perspectives of energy and fragmentatio's fractal dimensions. Burst-prone coal showcases a more pronounced escalation in fragmentation work in comparison to non-burst-prone samples, thereby illustrating a perceptible strain-rate dependent effect correlating with enhanced strain rates. Additionally, it was observed that incident, reflected, and transmitted energy trajectories for both sample categories follow an approximately linear ascendancy, albeit exhibiting diverse magnitudes. Burst-prone coal manifests a more rapid and focused energy growth compared to its non-burst-prone counterpart. When subjected to impact loads, a notable trend was discerned where the fragmentation's fractional dimension escalated persistently with both the incident energy and the crushing work, portraying a prominent growth effect. The insights garnered from this study pave the way for distinguishing between impacted and unimpacted coal samples using energy perspectives and fragmentation's fractal dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-He Wang
- School of Energy and Mining Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Wu Jing
- School of Energy and Mining Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Wen-Bo Zhang
- School of Energy and Mining Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jiang-Hao Wang
- School of Energy and Mining Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Qing-Long Yun
- School of Energy and Mining Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yi-Qing Wang
- School of Energy and Mining Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Sui Yi
- Transportation College, Jilin University, Jilin, 130000, China
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26
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Sharmili N, Apu SI, Gazi MY, Bhuiyan MAH, Lupin JH. High-resolution lithostratigraphy and reconnaissance sedimentology of Changotaung structure, Chittagong Tripura fold belt, Bengal Basin, Bangladesh. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17727. [PMID: 37853015 PMCID: PMC10584892 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43810-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Unlike other structures in the vicinity of the Chittagong Tripura Fold Belt, the Changotaung anticline is one of Bangladesh's least explored structures. An attempt has been made for the first time to understand and document sedimentary deposits, environments, structure, and tectonic activity based on the high-resolution outcrop and reconnaissance study with the knowledge of broad-brush geology. We found that Changotaung is a symmetrical box-folded structure with an extensive western flank where the amount of dip varies between 11° and 45°. The exposed Cenozoic succession was categorized into three separate sedimentary sequences and correlated with the conventional stratigraphic unit. A first-order simple Markovian approach was presented for the exposed litho-section in an effort to illustrate vertical facies variations in the Upper Surma group. We quantified that heterolithic bed mostly overlies both trough cross-bedding ([Formula: see text] = 0.706) and parallel laminated bed ([Formula: see text] according to the facies transition probability matrix. According to the results of the stationary distribution, there is a 40% chance of coming across heterolithic beds within the Upper Surma group during any given event that is completely random whereas trough cross-bedding, parallel laminated bed, cumulative sandstone facies, and cumulative shale facies shows around 10.8%, 15.2%, 20.6%, 13.4% probability. We hypothesized, based on the interpretive facies analysis, that the Chittagong Tripura fold belt region's Upper Surma Group underwent three interrelated depositional settings (wave-dominated shallow marine, tide-dominated shallow marine, and fluvio-deltaic distributary).
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Affiliation(s)
- Noshin Sharmili
- Department of Geology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
- Department of Geosciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Saiful Islam Apu
- Department of Geology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
- Department of Geology, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA
| | - Md Yousuf Gazi
- Department of Geology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
- School of Geosciences, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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27
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Zeynalli M, Mushtaq M, Al-Shalabi EW, Alfazazi U, Hassan AM, AlAmeri W. A comprehensive review of viscoelastic polymer flooding in sandstone and carbonate rocks. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17679. [PMID: 37848683 PMCID: PMC10582192 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44896-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymer flooding is a proven chemical Enhanced Oil Recovery (cEOR) method that boosts oil production beyond waterflooding. Thorough theoretical and practical knowledge has been obtained for this technique through numerous experimental, simulation, and field works. According to the conventional belief, this technique improves macroscopic sweep efficiency due to high polymer viscosity by producing moveable oil that remains unswept after secondary recovery. However, recent studies show that in addition to viscosity, polymer viscoelasticity can be effectively utilized to increase oil recovery by mobilizing residual oil and improving microscopic displacement efficiency in addition to macroscopic sweep efficiency. The polymer flooding is frequently implemented in sandstones with limited application in carbonates. This limitation is associated with extreme reservoir conditions, such as high concentrations of monovalent and divalent ions in the formation brine and ultimate reservoir temperatures. Other complications include the high heterogeneity of tight carbonates and their mixed-to-oil wettability. To overcome the challenges related to severe reservoir conditions, novel polymers have been introduced. These new polymers have unique monomers protecting them from chemical and thermal degradations. Monomers, such as NVP (N-vinylpyrrolidone) and ATBS (2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid), enhance the chemical resistance of polymers against hydrolysis, mitigating the risk of viscosity reduction or precipitation in challenging reservoir conditions. However, the viscoelasticity of these novel polymers and their corresponding impact on microscopic displacement efficiency are not well established and require further investigation in this area. In this study, we comprehensively review recent works on viscoelastic polymer flow under various reservoir conditions, including carbonates and sandstones. In addition, the paper defines various mechanisms underlying incremental oil recovery by viscoelastic polymers and extensively describes the means of controlling and improving their viscoelasticity. Furthermore, the polymer screening studies for harsh reservoir conditions are also included. Finally, the impact of viscoelastic synthetic polymers on oil mobilization, the difficulties faced during this cEOR process, and the list of field applications in carbonates and sandstones can also be found in our work. This paper may serve as a guide for commencing or performing laboratory- and field-scale projects related to viscoelastic polymer flooding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mursal Zeynalli
- Chemical and Petroleum Engineering Department, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, SAN Campus, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Muhammad Mushtaq
- Chemical and Petroleum Engineering Department, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, SAN Campus, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Emad W Al-Shalabi
- Chemical and Petroleum Engineering Department, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, SAN Campus, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
| | - Umar Alfazazi
- Chemical and Petroleum Engineering Department, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, SAN Campus, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Anas M Hassan
- Chemical and Petroleum Engineering Department, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, SAN Campus, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Waleed AlAmeri
- Chemical and Petroleum Engineering Department, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, SAN Campus, Abu Dhabi, UAE
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28
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Luisier C, Tajčmanová L, Yamato P, Duretz T. Garnet microstructures suggest ultra-fast decompression of ultrahigh-pressure rocks. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6012. [PMID: 37758720 PMCID: PMC10533891 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41310-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Plate tectonics is a key driver of many natural phenomena occurring on Earth, such as mountain building, climate evolution and natural disasters. How plate tectonics has evolved through time is still one of the fundamental questions in Earth sciences. Natural microstructures observed in exhumed ultrahigh-pressure rocks formed during continental collision provide crucial insights into tectonic processes in the Earth's interior. Here, we show that radial cracks around SiO2 inclusions in ultrahigh-pressure garnets are caused by ultrafast decompression. Decompression rates of at least 8 GPa/Myr are inferred independently of current petrochronological estimates by using thermo-mechanical numerical modeling. Our results question the traditional interpretation of fast and significant vertical displacement of ultrahigh-pressure tectonic units during exhumation. Instead, we propose that such substantial decompression rates are related to abrupt changes in the stress state of the lithosphere independently of the spatial displacement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Luisier
- Institute of Geosciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Lucie Tajčmanová
- Institute of Earth Sciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Philippe Yamato
- Institute of Geosciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, Géosciences Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Thibault Duretz
- Institute of Geosciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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29
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Wan A, Tao T, Tian X, Xie C, Jia J. Calculation method of HJC constitutive model parameters of natural joint angle slate. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15271. [PMID: 37709907 PMCID: PMC10502126 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42544-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In the course of underground engineering, layered slate is often encountered. Understanding the mechanical characteristics of layered slate is a prerequisite for engineering construction and disaster prevention and mitigation. As a result, at the beginning of a project, a large number of indoor tests are required, which are time-consuming and laborious. In addition, the natural joint angle of the layered slate is random, so it is extremely difficult to establish a database of the mechanical characteristics of layered slate. Hence, it is necessary to find a simple, feasible, and high-precision method to determine the Holmquist-Johnson-Cook (HJC) constitutive model parameters for naturally jointed layered slate with different dip angles. This study first determines the HJC constitutive model parameters of layered slate with five specific joint dip angles (0°, 30°, 45°, 60°, and 90°) through static tests and the split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) test. Furthermore, by employing sensitivity analysis methods, the influence of key parameters of the HJC constitutive model on the dynamic peak stress of slate is determined. Among them, parameters A and B have the most significant impact on stress, exceeding 50%. Thirdly, a nonlinear fitting regression method is used to determine the HJC constitutive model parameters of naturally jointed angular slate. The relationship between the HJC model parameters and the inclination angle of slate joints is derived, and the accuracy of these parameters is verified through numerical simulation methods. The error between the numerical simulation and indoor experiments is within 10%, indicating a high level of simulation accuracy. The research findings provide a highly precise numerical simulation method for similar projects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antong Wan
- College of Civil Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Tiejun Tao
- College of Mining, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
| | - Xingchao Tian
- College of Civil Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Caijin Xie
- College of Civil Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Jian Jia
- College of Civil Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
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30
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Park C, Song Y, Kim N, Choi SJ, Chwae U, Jang Y, Kwon S, Kim J, Kim H, Jeong YJ. In-situ δ 18O and 87Sr/ 86Sr proxies in an unconformable clastic unit at the Ordovician-Silurian transition. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15174. [PMID: 37704744 PMCID: PMC10499834 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42200-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Clastic successions found in the carbonate platform of continental margin during the Ordovician-Silurian Transition (OST) period are archives for interpreting paleo-depositional systems. Here, we report in-situ δ18Oquartz and 87Sr/86Srcarbonate isotope chemo-stratigraphy for an unconformable clastic unit from the Cathaysia terrane that rifted off the Gondwana Supercontinent in the Early Paleozoic Era. Our results suggest a depositional proxy and model for geological events attributed to rapid changes in the sedimentary environment during the OST period. Importantly, these results present crucial clues that infer the influence of Paleo-Tethys Sea opening, global eustatic regression, and rapid sedimentary provenance change. Our study provides insight into paleo-tracer that could be a key method for interpreting depositional system of carbonate platform based on in-situ mineral isotope chemo-stratigraphy that preserves the original value of provenance and geochemical condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaewon Park
- Department of Earth System Sciences, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yungoo Song
- Department of Earth System Sciences, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Namsoo Kim
- Department of Earth System Sciences, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Ja Choi
- Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources (KIGAM), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ueechan Chwae
- Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources (KIGAM), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yirang Jang
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghoon Kwon
- Department of Earth System Sciences, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongmin Kim
- Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha Kim
- Department of Earth System Sciences, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn-Joong Jeong
- Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Cheongju, Republic of Korea
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31
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Moayyedi M, Sharifi M, Abbasi M, Shabani M. Detailed numerical evaluation of diffusion convection equation in layered reservoirs during tracer injection. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14989. [PMID: 37696846 PMCID: PMC10495337 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40934-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Characterization of heterogeneous reservoirs such as multilayered or fractured systems is an important issue in different disciplines such as hydrology, petroleum and geothermal systems. One of the popular methods that can be used for this purpose is tracer tests. Better understanding of the mechanisms of mass transfer (convection-diffusion process) is essential for having a proper test interpretation. In this study, the solutions of different scenarios of tracer flow in a pair of high and low-permeable layered reservoirs including convection and diffusion mechanisms are discussed. Although analytical solutions generally provided exact solutions, they involve several assumptions and might be hard to use for complex problems. As a result, numerical methods are selected for the investigation of different scenarios and addressing cases that are beyond access of analytical methods. In this study, several scenarios of considering diffusion and convection in low and high permeable zones and effective parameters on tracer concentration are investigated. According to the results of this study, the higher the porosity ratio of low to high permeable layer, the more time is needed to get the final concentration value. Also, by increasing the value of the dispersivity coefficient, the time needed to increase the concentration decreases. In other words, the sharp increase in concentration for lower times is seen in higher dispersivity values. The concentration profile variation is affected by Peclet number. The difference among concentration profiles in different cases is considerable, especially in low Peclet numbers where the diffusion mechanism is dominant. This behavior is more common in low permeable mediums such as multilayered tight or shale reservoirs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmood Moayyedi
- Department of Petroleum Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sharifi
- Department of Petroleum Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mahdi Abbasi
- Department of Petroleum Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Shabani
- Department of Petroleum Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
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32
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González-García D, Boulesteix T, Klügel A, Holtz F. Bubble-enhanced basanite-tephrite mixing in the early stages of the Cumbre Vieja 2021 eruption, La Palma, Canary Islands. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14839. [PMID: 37684313 PMCID: PMC10491805 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41595-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Syneruptive magma mixing is widespread in volcanic eruptions, affecting explosivity and composition of products, but its evidence in basaltic systems is usually cryptic. Here we report direct evidence of mixing between basanitic and tephritic magmas in the first days of the 2021 Tajogaite eruption of Cumbre Vieja, La Palma. Groundmass glass in tephritic tephra from the fifth day of the eruption is locally inhomogeneous, showing micron-scale filamentary structures of Si-poor and Fe-, Mg-rich melt, forming complex filaments attached to bubbles. Their compositional distribution attests the presence of primitive basanitic magma, with compositions similar to late-erupted melts, interacting with an evolved tephritic melt during the first week of the event. From filament morphology, we suggest their generation by dragging and folding of basanitic melt during bubble migration through melt interfaces. Semi-quantitative diffusion modelling indicates that the filamentary structures are short-lived, dissipating in timescales of tens of seconds. In combination with thermobarometric constraints, we suggest a mixing onset by sub-Moho remobilization of a tephritic reservoir by basanite input, followed by turbulent ascent of a mingled magma. In the shallow conduit or lava fountain, bubble nucleation and migration triggered further mingling of the distinct melt-phases. This phenomenon might have enhanced the explosive behaviour of the eruption in such period, where violent strombolian explosions were common.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas Boulesteix
- Volcanology Research Group, Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología (IPNA-CSIC), La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Andreas Klügel
- Fachbereich Geowissenschaften, Universität Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - François Holtz
- Institut für Mineralogie, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, Germany
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Liu X, Wei F, Tan Z, Jiang Z, Wang Y, Zhang J. Study on the law of surface subsidence in layered mining of thick coal seam with medium hard roof. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14735. [PMID: 37679448 PMCID: PMC10484949 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42012-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, the change law of the surface subsidence coefficient under the condition of thick coal seam layered mining was investigated. The study is based on the measured subsidence data of the 1210-working face of the Mengba mine surface mobile observation station after the first- and second-layer mining. UDEC numerical simulation software was used to simulate the variation of surface subsidence coefficient after the first, second, third, fourth, fifth-, and sixth-layer mining when the thickness of slicing mining is 5 m. The maximum relative error between the simulated result and the measured result of the subsidence coefficient q is 2.7%, which further verifies the correctness of the established model. Moreover, the simulation results show that with the increase of the cumulative mining thickness, the subsidence coefficient q of the surface presents a segmented characteristic. When the cumulative mining thickness does not reach 25 m, the subsidence coefficient of the surface gradually increases with the increase of the mining thickness. On the other hand, when the cumulative mining thickness reaches 25 m, the subsidence coefficient of the surface will tend to a constant value and no longer change with the increase of the mining thickness. Finally, the calculation formula between the surface subsidence coefficient and the cumulative mining thickness of layered mining under the condition of medium hard roof is fitted, which provides a parameter basis for coal seam mining with similar geological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiugang Liu
- China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing, 100083, China.
- China Coal Research Institute, Beijing, 100013, China.
- CCTEG Xi'an Research Institute (Group)Co, Ltd, Xi'an, 710077, China.
| | - Fei Wei
- National Time Service Center, Chinese Academy of Science, Xi'an, 710600, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhixiang Tan
- JiangSu Key Laboratory of Resource and Environment Information Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Zaibing Jiang
- China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing, 100083, China
- China Coal Research Institute, Beijing, 100013, China
- CCTEG Xi'an Research Institute (Group)Co, Ltd, Xi'an, 710077, China
| | - Yi Wang
- CCTEG Xi'an Research Institute (Group)Co, Ltd, Xi'an, 710077, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- CCTEG Xi'an Research Institute (Group)Co, Ltd, Xi'an, 710077, China
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Zhang Y, Gai C, Song B, Jiang J, Wang Z. The influence of permeability and heterogeneity on chemical flooding efficiency and remaining oil distribution-based on NMR displacement imaging. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14316. [PMID: 37652927 PMCID: PMC10471579 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39535-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the impact of permeability and heterogeneity on oil displacement efficiency and remaining oil distribution of chemical flooding, three groups of high and ultrahigh permeability core samples from an ultrahigh water-cut oilfield in western China were selected as the research objects in this study. High-pressure mercury injection, scanning electron microscopy, wettability test, and other methods were used to characterize the reservoir properties of core samples. Six groups of experiments were performed using the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) displacement imaging technology to simulate the oilfield development process considering the economic benefits. The displacement stage with the best oil displacement effect in the process of waterflooding, chemical flooding and then waterflooding was defined, and the control effect of permeability and heterogeneity on the improvement of oil displacement efficiency by polymer-surfactant binary flooding was discussed. The distribution position of remaining oil in different displacement stages was quantitatively and visually displayed, and its control factors were revealed. The research shows that during the simulation process of first waterflooding followed by chemical flooding and then waterflooding in the oilfield, the T2 spectrum signal amplitude increases the most in the two stages, one is from saturated oil flooding to 50% water cut and the other one is from 95% water cut to the end of 1 PV polymer flooding. The oil displacement efficiency increases the most, and the oil is primarily discharged from pore throats larger than 90 ms (or with pore throat radius of 8.37 μm). Compared with heterogeneity, permeability plays a more obvious controlling role in improving the oil displacement efficiency of polymer-surfactant binary flooding. The influence of fingering phenomenon on the distribution of remaining oil is most obvious in the second waterflooding, and the distribution of remaining oil with polymer slug is more obviously affected by the fingering phenomenon than that with polymer-surfactant slug. The study results provide theoretical guidance for tapping the remaining oil potential of old oilfields with high to ultrahigh permeabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- Karamay Campus, Faculty of Petroleum, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Karamay, 834000, Xinjiang, China.
| | - Changcheng Gai
- Research Institute of Exploration and Development, PetroChina Jidong Oilfield Company, Tangshan, 063004, Hebei, China
| | - Binghui Song
- Research Institute of Exploration and Development, PetroChina Tarim Oilfield Company, Korla, 841000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jiguo Jiang
- Second Oil Production Plant, PetroChina Xinjiang Oilfield Company, Karamay, 834000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- Karamay Campus, Faculty of Petroleum, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Karamay, 834000, Xinjiang, China
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35
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Zhao X, Yan N, Bai X, Sang S, Chen X, Zhang Y, Zhang M. Vertical compressive bearing performance and optimization design method of large-diameter manually-excavated rock-socketed cast-in-place piles. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14234. [PMID: 37648702 PMCID: PMC10468514 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41483-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
To study the vertical compressive bearing characteristics of large-diameter rock-socketed cast-in-place piles, eight manually-excavated rock-socketed cast-in-place piles were subjected to vertical compressive on-site load and pile stress tests. The test results showed that the load-displacement (Q-s) curves of the eight test piles were all slow-varying, and the settlement of the piles was less than 11 mm, which met the minimum engineering requirements. The unloading rebound rate was between 55 and 75%, and the elastic working properties of the piles were apparent. The pile axial force gradually decreased with depth, and the slope of the axial force distribution curve reached a minimum in the moderately weathered muddy siltstone layer while the pile side friction resistance reached its maximum value. Pile end friction increases with the increase of load. But the pile end resistance was inversely proportional to the single pile length-to-diameter (L/D) ratio and the depth of rock embedment for the pile. The percentage of pile side friction resistance under maximum load was 86%, indicating that these were characteristic friction piles. Based on the test results and the current Chinese code, the friction coefficient of the pile side soil layer η and the total resistance coefficient of the rock-socketed section ζ were introduced. A revision to the calculation equation for the vertical bearing capacity of the rock-socketed cast-in-place pile in the code was proposed, together with an optimization design method for large-diameter rock-socketed cast-in-place piles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangmei Zhao
- School of Civil Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, 777 Jialingjiang Road, Qingdao, 266520, Shandong, China
| | - Nan Yan
- School of Civil Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, 777 Jialingjiang Road, Qingdao, 266520, Shandong, China.
| | - Xiaoyu Bai
- School of Civil Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, 777 Jialingjiang Road, Qingdao, 266520, Shandong, China
| | - Songkui Sang
- School of Civil Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, 777 Jialingjiang Road, Qingdao, 266520, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoyu Chen
- The Hong Kong polytechnic university the department of civil and environmental engineering, Kowloon, 999077, China
| | - Yamei Zhang
- School of Civil Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, 777 Jialingjiang Road, Qingdao, 266520, Shandong, China
| | - Mingyi Zhang
- School of Civil Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, 777 Jialingjiang Road, Qingdao, 266520, Shandong, China
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36
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Copley A, Weller O, Bain H. Diapirs of crystal-rich slurry explain granite emplacement temperature and duration. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13730. [PMID: 37612454 PMCID: PMC10447574 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40805-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanism, temperature, and timescale of granite intrusion remain controversial, with wide-ranging implications for understanding continental growth, differentiation, rheology, and deformation dynamics. In this paper we present a method for determining intrusion emplacement temperature and timescale using the characteristics of the surrounding metamorphic aureole, and apply it to the Skiddaw granite in northern England. The estimated emplacement timescale (0.1-2 Myr) implies magma transport velocities of 1-100 mm/year. At the absent or low melt fractions relevant to our estimated emplacement temperature (580-650 [Formula: see text]C), such velocities are incompatible with pluton formation by successive injections through dykes. Instead, our results indicate the intrusion of a diapir of crystal-rich slurry, solidifying before emplacement, with a rheology governed by the solid crystals. The emplacement depth is likely to be governed by the depth-dependent rheology of the surrounding rocks, occurring close to the brittle-ductile transition. The wider implications of our results relate to (1) the appreciation that much of the chemical and textural characteristics of plutons may relate to pre-emplacement crystallisation at depth, passively transported to higher crustal levels, and (2) an explanation of the difficulty of seismically imaging active plutonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Copley
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Owen Weller
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Hero Bain
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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37
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Chen Y, Rao J, Zhao C, Xue Y, Liu C, Yin Q. Strength prediction model of fractured dolomite and analysis of mechanical properties based on PFC3D. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13368. [PMID: 37591985 PMCID: PMC10435573 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40254-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the mechanical properties of fractured dolomite, this study analyzed the fracture characteristics (dip angle, length, position, quantity) using the Pearson coefficient and MIC coefficient. Subsequently, the data pertaining to fracture characteristics is preprocessed using a third-degree polynomial, and a three-classification strategy is implemented to improve the logistic regression algorithm to establish the strength prediction model of fractured dolomite. Furthermore, the significance order of the impact of fracture characteristics on rock strength was determined using the numerical simulation software PFC3D, and the dip angle effect was explained from the perspective of internal fracture propagation within the rock. The results show that: (1) When the regularization coefficient λ = 10,000, the algorithm has the highest prediction accuracy and the strongest model generalization ability. (2) The numerical simulation analysis software PFC3D can accurately invert rock failure process and characteristics, and the order of influence of fracture characteristics on rock strength is dip angle > length > position.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Chen
- School of Civil Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Rock and Soil Mechanics and Engineering Safety, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Junying Rao
- Research Center of Space Structures, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China.
| | - Changjie Zhao
- School of Civil Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Rock and Soil Mechanics and Engineering Safety, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Yanghao Xue
- School of Civil Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Rock and Soil Mechanics and Engineering Safety, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Chang Liu
- School of Civil Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Rock and Soil Mechanics and Engineering Safety, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Quan Yin
- School of Civil Engineering, Hunan City University, Yiyang, 413000, Hunan, China
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Prissel TC, Zhang N, Jackson CRM, Li H. Rapid transition from primary to secondary crust building on the Moon explained by mantle overturn. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5002. [PMID: 37591857 PMCID: PMC10435462 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40751-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Geochronology indicates a rapid transition (tens of Myrs) from primary to secondary crust building on the Moon. The processes responsible for initiating secondary magmatism, however, remain in debate. Here we test the hypothesis that the earliest secondary crust (Mg-suite) formed as a direct consequence of density-driven mantle overturn, and advance 3D mantle convection models to quantify the resulting extent of lower mantle melting. Our modeling demonstrates that overturn of thin ilmenite-bearing cumulates ≤ 100 km triggers a rapid and short-lived episode of lower mantle melting which explains the key volume, geochronological, and spatial characteristics of early secondary crust building without contributions from other energy sources, namely KREEP (potassium, rare earth elements, phosphorus, radiogenic U, Th). Observations of globally distributed Mg-suite eliminate degree-1 overturn scenarios. We propose that gravitational instabilities in magma ocean cumulate piles are major driving forces for the onset of mantle convection and secondary crust building on differentiated bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tabb C Prissel
- NASA Johnson Space Center, Astromaterials Research and Exploration Science Division, 2101 NASA Parkway, MailCode XI3, Houston, TX, 77058, USA.
| | - Nan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Orogenic Belts and Crustal Evolution, School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
- School of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Bentley, WA, 6845, Australia.
| | - Colin R M Jackson
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Tulane University, 6823 St. Charles Avenue, New Orleans, LA, 70118-5698, USA
| | - Haoyuan Li
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
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Shang J, Feng M, Wang X, Zhang B, Xu L, Liu X. Alteration effects of karstification and hydrothermalism on middle Permian Qixia formation at the Wulong section, South China. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13128. [PMID: 37573447 PMCID: PMC10423293 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40334-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Middle Permian Qixia Formation in the southwestern region of Sichuan (SW China) has experienced multiphase fluidisation, resulting in an unclear understanding of the reservoir reconstruction effect. In this study, a systematic analysis of the Qi2 member in Wulong Town was carried out by combining field outcrop petrology and geochemistry. The results demonstrated that multiple sets of crystalline dolomite-bioclastic limestone cycles were stacked vertically in the Qi2 member, accompanied by the development of fractures and karst channels. The dolomite was mainly composed of silty-fine dolomite (D1) and recrystallised dolomite (D2). Furthermore, obvious multiphase dolomitic cements (Cd1-Cd2) were present in the fractures and pores. Early karst is known to have lithologic mutation surface development and karst channel development at the top of several secondary cycles. The vadose silt dolomites (Cd1) having karst channels developed dull luminescence under cathode luminescence (CL). Both the geochemical indicators of elements and rare earth element (REE) content indicated dysoxic-oxic environmental conditions. The hydrothermal solution displayed tectonic carniole characteristics in the strata burial stage. Fractures and pores were filled with hydrothermal minerals such as coarse dolomites-saddle dolomites (Cd2, with some caused by recrystallisation of the Cd1 hydrothermal solution) and fluorites. Coarse dolomites-saddle dolomites developed dull-red luminescence with a bright-red rim under CL and their δ18OVPDB values were more negative than those of middle Permian limestone samples. Both the geochemical indicators of elements and REE content indicated the suboxic-anoxic environmental conditions. Karstification had minor constructive impact on the reservoir of the Qi2 member in Baoxing in southwestern Sichuan. Most products of karstification were distributed as fillings in channels. Aside from creating certain networked fractures, the hydrothermal solution was mainly filled with hydrothermal minerals along the fractures, pores and early karst channels. Karst and the hydrothermal solution mainly damaged the middle and upper parts of the middle Permian Qixia Formation in Southwest Sichuan. The impact of episodic fluid on the restoration of the carbonate reservoir was mainly restricted by channels for fluid migration and thickness differences among the reservoir. However, certain thick-layered and massive crystalline dolomite may hold promise for exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxin Shang
- School of Geoscience and Technology, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, 610500, China
| | - Mingyou Feng
- School of Geoscience and Technology, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, 610500, China.
| | - Xingzhi Wang
- School of Geoscience and Technology, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, 610500, China
| | - Benjian Zhang
- Research Institute of Exploration and Development, PetroChina Southwest Oil and Gas Filed Company, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Liang Xu
- Research Institute of Exploration and Development, PetroChina Southwest Oil and Gas Filed Company, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiaohong Liu
- School of Geoscience and Technology, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, 610500, China
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40
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Kitanaka R, Tsuboi M, Ozaki Y. Biogenic apatite in carbonate concretions with and without fossils investigated in situ by micro-Raman spectroscopy. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9714. [PMID: 37322242 PMCID: PMC10272169 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36566-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Micro-Raman spectra of concretions with and without fossils were measured in a nondestructive manner. The band position and full width at half maximum height (FWHM) of ν1-PO43- of apatite in the concretions were analyzed to investigate the origin of apatite. The analyzed concretions were derived from the Kita-ama Formation of the Izumi Group, Japan. The micro-Raman analysis showed that the apatites in the concretions were divided into two groups: Group W (wide FWHM group) and Group N (narrow FWHM group). The apatite belonging to Group W is suggested to be biogenic apatite originating from the soft body tissues of organisms because the Sr content is high and the FWHM is similar to that of apatite in bones and teeth of present-day animals. The other apatite belonging to Group N is considered affected by the diagenetic process because of its narrow FWHM and F substitution. These features of both groups were observed regardless of the presence of fossils or absence of fossils in the concretions. This Raman spectroscopic study suggests that the apatite at the time of concretion formation belonged to Group W but was changed to Group N by the substitution of F during the diagenesis process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Kitanaka
- Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Kwansei Gakuin University, Gakuen-Uegahara 1, Sanda, Hyogo, 669-1330, Japan
| | - Motohiro Tsuboi
- Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Kwansei Gakuin University, Gakuen-Uegahara 1, Sanda, Hyogo, 669-1330, Japan.
| | - Yukihiro Ozaki
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Kwansei Gakuin University, Gakuen-Uegahara 1, Sanda, Hyogo, 669-1330, Japan
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41
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Yang J, Wang C, Zhang J, Jin Z. Genesis of Hawaiian lavas by crystallization of picritic magma in the deep mantle. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1382. [PMID: 36914642 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37072-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Olivine is the dominant phenocryst or xenocryst of Hawaiian tholeiitic basalts, and the general consensus is that lavas with MgO concentrations from 7.5 to about 15 weight percent were derived from their primary magmas, which contain ~18-20 weight percent MgO, by only olivine crystallization. However, the major element composition of estimated primary magmas through olivine crystallization correction is inconsistent with direct partial melting of either mantle peridotite or its hybrid with subducted oceanic crust. Our melting experiments on peridotite-derived melt composition show that this discrepancy can be resolved if the primary magmas experienced two other processes before abundant olivine fractionation. First, the primary magmas experienced crystallization of clinopyroxene and garnet in the chamber at the base of the lithosphere (approximately the depths of 90-100 km). Second, the evolved magmas re-equilibrated with harzburgite when passing through the lithospheric mantle (approximately the depths of 60-10 km). Different from the isotopic evidence, the major and rare earth element compositions of Hawaiian post-shield alkali basalts and shield tholeiites suggest that they form from the same source by assimilating different amounts of orthopyroxene.
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42
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Liu X, Deng Y, Zou B. Implementation of a constitutive model for anisotropic rocks based on modified Lade failure criterion. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3210. [PMID: 36828855 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30257-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The strength anisotropy for inherent anisotropic rocks presents a challenge to simulate considering the influence of intermediate principal stress. Based on the modified Lade failure criterion, a new anisotropic modified Lade criterion combining an empirical equation is established and verified using published experimental datasets of anisotropic rocks. The incremental constitutive model for anisotropic rocks is derived by using finite difference theory. The dynamic link library (DLL) module of the model is obtained by using the VC++ program, and then the model is validated against various laboratory test results. It is concluded that the proposed criterion and derived model can describe the strength anisotropy of inherent anisotropic rocks well.
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43
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Anenburg M, Guzmics T. Silica is unlikely to be soluble in upper crustal carbonatite melts. Nat Commun 2023; 14:942. [PMID: 36810861 PMCID: PMC9944286 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-35840-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Anenburg
- Research School of Earth Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2600, Australia.
| | - Tibor Guzmics
- grid.5591.80000 0001 2294 6276Lithosphere Fluid Research Lab, Eötvös University, Budapest, 1117 Hungary
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44
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Chang L, Alejano LR, Cui L, Sheng Q, Xie M. Limitation of convergence-confinement method on three-dimensional tunnelling effect. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1988. [PMID: 36737627 PMCID: PMC9898246 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29062-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The convergence-confinement method (CCM) is a simplified widely utilised tool for assessing the interplay between the rock mass behaviour and the support effect, so it is quite helpful for tunnel support design purposes. However, the direct application of this technique has shown some limitations, many of which are directly related to the three-dimensionality issue. Indeed, the CCM tries to solve the three-dimensional (3D) problem of tunnel advance deformation and support response, by means of a series of two-dimensional (2D) plane strain analyses. So, regardless purely elastic cases, certain deviation is observed when comparing CCM and 3D numerical modelling results. The reasons behind this deviation have been studied from different points of views, but they seem to be still not well understood. With the aim of advancing towards a better knowledge of this issue, this paper discusses the limitation of CCM to correctly reflect the 3D tunnelling effect by comparing CCM and 3D numerical deformation, support pressure and liner load results in a typical tunnel case for various geological conditions. The reasons for CCM results in different rock deformation and support pressure in comparing to the 3D numerical modelling are explained. Some guidelines are eventually given recommending when the use of CCM can be acceptable according to the rock mass strength and tunnel depth, and when a more rigorous 3D approach is convenient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuming Chang
- grid.440648.a0000 0001 0477 188XCollege of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, 232001 China
| | - Leandro R. Alejano
- grid.6312.60000 0001 2097 6738CINTECX, Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Engineering, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Lan Cui
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071 China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Qian Sheng
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071 China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Mingxing Xie
- grid.440656.50000 0000 9491 9632College of Civil Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024 China
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45
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Costa S, Caricchi L, Pistolesi M, Gioncada A, Masotta M, Bonadonna C, Rosi M. A data driven approach to mineral chemistry unveils magmatic processes associated with long-lasting, low-intensity volcanic activity. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1314. [PMID: 36693933 PMCID: PMC9873939 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28370-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The most frequent volcanic eruptions are of low-intensity and small magnitude. They produce abundant ash-sized (< 2 mm) clasts, which are too small to establish quantitative links between magmatic processes and eruptive dynamics using classic approaches. This inhibits our ability to study the past behaviour of frequently erupting volcanoes, essential to predict their future activity and mitigate their impact. The Palizzi unit (10-13th century, Vulcano, Italy) includes a prototype sequence of ash deposits resulting from prolonged Vulcanian eruptions punctuated by those of two larger sub-Plinian events. We apply Hierarchical Clustering to chemical analyses of clinopyroxene collected along the stratigraphy to decipher magma dynamics during this eruptive period. We identify periods of magma input and we link deep magmatic processes to eruptive dynamics, also showing that our approach can be used to connect magma and eruptive dynamics in any volcanic sequence. This is essential to track the processes occurring during frequent eruptions and to identify the build-up to larger explosive events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Costa
- grid.5395.a0000 0004 1757 3729Dipartimento Di Scienze Della Terra, Università Di Pisa, Via S. Maria, 53, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Luca Caricchi
- grid.8591.50000 0001 2322 4988Department of Earth Sciences, University of Geneva, Rue Des Maraîchers 13, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marco Pistolesi
- grid.5395.a0000 0004 1757 3729Dipartimento Di Scienze Della Terra, Università Di Pisa, Via S. Maria, 53, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Anna Gioncada
- grid.5395.a0000 0004 1757 3729Dipartimento Di Scienze Della Terra, Università Di Pisa, Via S. Maria, 53, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Matteo Masotta
- grid.5395.a0000 0004 1757 3729Dipartimento Di Scienze Della Terra, Università Di Pisa, Via S. Maria, 53, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Costanza Bonadonna
- grid.8591.50000 0001 2322 4988Department of Earth Sciences, University of Geneva, Rue Des Maraîchers 13, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Mauro Rosi
- grid.5395.a0000 0004 1757 3729Dipartimento Di Scienze Della Terra, Università Di Pisa, Via S. Maria, 53, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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Fonseca C, Mendonça Filho JG, Reolid M, Duarte LV, de Oliveira AD, Souza JT, Lézin C. First putative occurrence in the fossil record of choanoflagellates, the sister group of Metazoa. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1242. [PMID: 36690681 PMCID: PMC9870899 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26972-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Choanoflagellates are microeukaryotes that inhabit freshwater and marine environments and have long been regarded as the closest living relatives of Metazoa. Knowledge on the evolution of choanoflagellates is key for the understanding of the ancestry of animals, and although molecular clock evidence suggests the appearance of choanoflagellates by late Neoproterozoic, no specimens of choanoflagellates are known to occur in the fossil record. Here the first putative occurrence of choanoflagellates in sediments from the Cretaceous (Cenomanian-Turonian) is described by means of several cutting-edge petrographic techniques, and a discussion of its paleoenvironmental significance is performed. Furthermore, their placement in the organic matter classification systems is argued, with a placement in the Zoomorph Subgroup (Palynomorph Group) of the dispersed organic matter classification system being proposed. Regarding the ICCP System 1994, incorporation of choanoflagellates is, at a first glance, straightforward within the liptinite group, but the definition of a new maceral may be necessary to accommodate the genetic origin of these organisms. While modern choanoflagellates may bring light to the cellular foundations of animal origins, this discovery may provide an older term of comparison to their extant specimens and provide guidelines for possible identification of these organic components in other locations and ages throughout the geological record.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Fonseca
- Laboratório de Palinofácies e Fácies Orgânica (LAFO), Departamento de Geologia, Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Athos da Silveira, 274, prédio do CCMN, sala J1020, Campus Ilha do Fundão, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 21.949-900, Brazil.
- Universidade de Coimbra, MARE - Centro de Ciências do Mare do Ambiente, ARNET - Aquatic Research Network, Departamento de Ciências da Terra, Rua Sílvio Lima, 3030-790, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - João Graciano Mendonça Filho
- Laboratório de Palinofácies e Fácies Orgânica (LAFO), Departamento de Geologia, Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Athos da Silveira, 274, prédio do CCMN, sala J1020, Campus Ilha do Fundão, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 21.949-900, Brazil
| | - Matías Reolid
- Departamento de Geología and CEACTEMA, Universidad de Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas sn, 23071, Jaén, Spain
| | - Luís V Duarte
- Universidade de Coimbra, MARE - Centro de Ciências do Mare do Ambiente, ARNET - Aquatic Research Network, Departamento de Ciências da Terra, Rua Sílvio Lima, 3030-790, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - António Donizeti de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Palinofácies e Fácies Orgânica (LAFO), Departamento de Geologia, Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Athos da Silveira, 274, prédio do CCMN, sala J1020, Campus Ilha do Fundão, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 21.949-900, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline Torres Souza
- Laboratório de Palinofácies e Fácies Orgânica (LAFO), Departamento de Geologia, Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Athos da Silveira, 274, prédio do CCMN, sala J1020, Campus Ilha do Fundão, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 21.949-900, Brazil
| | - Carine Lézin
- Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier, OMP, GET (Géosciences Environnement Toulouse), CNRS, IRD, 14 Avenue Édouard Belin, 31400, Toulouse, France
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Tian X, Tao T, Liu X, Jia J, Xie C, Lou Q, Chen Q, Zhao Z. Calculation of hole spacing and surrounding rock damage analysis under the action of in situ stress and joints. Sci Rep 2022; 12:22331. [PMID: 36567401 PMCID: PMC9790890 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-27017-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In situ stress and joints have a significant impact on the propagation and attenuation pattern of blast stress waves, and they are two important factors that must be considered for tunnel blasting hole network deployment. This paper proposes a blast stress wave attenuation equation and a peripheral hole distance calculation method under the combined action of in situ stress and joints. First, the static and dynamic parameters of the jointed slate are obtained by drilling core samples in the field and conducting indoor tests. Next, considering the geometric and physical attenuation of the blast stress wave, the attenuation formula of the blast stress wave under the combined action of in situ stress and joints is derived. Based on the theory of the combined action of stress waves and explosive gas, a formula for calculating the peripheral hole distance that integrates the effects of in situ stress, joints, and tensile strength of the rock body is proposed. Finally, LS-PREPOST software is used to analyze the damage to the surrounding rock, verified by an on-site blasting test. The results show that the blast stress wave attenuation formula proposed in this paper can accurately predict the stress wave peak value under the combined action of in situ stress and joints. Combining the geological conditions and blasting parameters of the Bayueshan Tunnel study section, the optimal peripheral hole spacing is calculated to be 45 cm. The average over-excavation value of the grade IV surrounding rock is controlled within 22 cm and the over-consumption of concrete per linear meter is controlled within 100% using the peripheral hole layout method and the hole network layout parameters proposed in this paper. The research results provide a reference for the control of over-excavation and under-excavation in large-section tunnel blasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingchao Tian
- grid.443382.a0000 0004 1804 268XCollege of Civil Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025 China
| | - Tiejun Tao
- grid.443382.a0000 0004 1804 268XCollege of Mining, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025 China
| | - Xia Liu
- grid.443382.a0000 0004 1804 268XCollege of Civil Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025 China
| | - Jian Jia
- grid.443382.a0000 0004 1804 268XCollege of Civil Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025 China
| | - Caijin Xie
- grid.443382.a0000 0004 1804 268XCollege of Civil Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025 China
| | - Qianxing Lou
- grid.443382.a0000 0004 1804 268XCollege of Civil Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025 China
| | - Qingzhi Chen
- grid.443382.a0000 0004 1804 268XCollege of Civil Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025 China
| | - Zhenhua Zhao
- Northwest Engineering Co., Ltd. of CCCC First Highway Engineering Co., Ltd., Xi’an, 710000 China
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Ivan Z, Anthony I S K, R Hugh S, Daniela R, Fawna K, Johannes H, Tim E J, Klaus G, Roberto F W, Jeff D V, Laure M, Sandra S R. Greenstone burial-exhumation cycles at the late Archean transition to plate tectonics. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7893. [PMID: 36550109 PMCID: PMC9780361 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35208-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Converging lines of evidence suggest that, during the late Archean, Earth completed its transition from a stagnant-lid to a plate tectonics regime, although how and when this transition occurred is debated. The geological record indicates that some form of subduction, a key component of plate tectonics-has operated since the Mesoarchean, even though the tectonic style and timescales of burial and exhumation cycles within ancient convergent margins are poorly constrained. Here, we present a Neoarchean pressure-temperature-time (P-T-t) path from supracrustal rocks of the transpressional Yilgarn orogen (Western Australia), which documents how sea-floor-altered rocks underwent deep burial then exhumation during shortening that was unrelated to the episode of burial. Archean subduction, even if generally short-lived, was capable of producing eclogites along converging lithosphere boundaries, although exhumation processes in those environments were likely less efficient than today, such that return of high-pressure rocks to the surface was rare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zibra Ivan
- grid.466784.f0000 0004 0599 8367Geological Survey of Western Australia, 100 Plain Street, 6004 East Perth, WA Australia ,grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857School of Earth, Atmosphere and Environment, Monash University, Clayton, VIC Australia
| | - Kemp Anthony I S
- grid.1012.20000 0004 1936 7910School of Earth Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, 6009 Australia
| | - Smithies R Hugh
- grid.466784.f0000 0004 0599 8367Geological Survey of Western Australia, 100 Plain Street, 6004 East Perth, WA Australia ,grid.1032.00000 0004 0375 4078School of Earth and Planetary Sciences, the Institute for Geoscience Research (TIGeR), Timescales of Mineral Systems group, Curtin University, Bentley, Australia
| | - Rubatto Daniela
- grid.5734.50000 0001 0726 5157Institute of Geological Sciences, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland ,grid.9851.50000 0001 2165 4204Institut des Sciences de la Terre, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Korhonen Fawna
- grid.466784.f0000 0004 0599 8367Geological Survey of Western Australia, 100 Plain Street, 6004 East Perth, WA Australia
| | - Hammerli Johannes
- grid.1012.20000 0004 1936 7910School of Earth Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, 6009 Australia ,grid.9851.50000 0001 2165 4204Institut des Sciences de la Terre, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Johnson Tim E
- grid.1032.00000 0004 0375 4078School of Earth and Planetary Sciences, the Institute for Geoscience Research (TIGeR), Timescales of Mineral Systems group, Curtin University, Bentley, Australia
| | - Gessner Klaus
- grid.466784.f0000 0004 0599 8367Geological Survey of Western Australia, 100 Plain Street, 6004 East Perth, WA Australia
| | - Weinberg Roberto F
- grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857School of Earth, Atmosphere and Environment, Monash University, Clayton, VIC Australia
| | - Vervoort Jeff D
- grid.30064.310000 0001 2157 6568School of the Environment Washington State University Pullman, Pullman, WA 99164-2812 USA
| | - Martin Laure
- grid.1012.20000 0004 1936 7910Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation and Analysis, the University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009 Australia
| | - Romano Sandra S
- grid.466784.f0000 0004 0599 8367Geological Survey of Western Australia, 100 Plain Street, 6004 East Perth, WA Australia ,grid.1012.20000 0004 1936 7910School of Earth Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, 6009 Australia
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Dallai L, Bianchini G, Avanzinelli R, Deloule E, Natali C, Gaeta M, Cavallo A, Conticelli S. Quartz-bearing rhyolitic melts in the Earth's mantle. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7765. [PMID: 36522377 PMCID: PMC9755292 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35382-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of rhyolite melts in the mantle has been predicted by high pressure-high temperature experiments but never observed in nature. Here we report natural quartz-bearing rhyolitic melt inclusions and interstitial glass within peridotite xenoliths. The oxygen isotope composition of quartz crystals shows the unequivocal continental crustal derivation of these melts, which approximate the minimum composition in the quartz-albite-orthoclase system. Thermodynamic modelling suggests rhyolite was originated from partial melting of near-anhydrous garnet-bearing metapelites at temperatures ~1000 °C and interacted with peridotite at pressure ~1 GPa. Reaction of rhyolite with olivine converted lherzolite rocks into orthopyroxene-domains and orthopyroxene + plagioclase veins. The recognition of rhyolitic melts in the mantle provides direct evidence for element cycling through earth's reservoirs, accommodated by dehydration and melting of crustal material, brought into the mantle by subduction, chemically modifying the mantle source, and ultimately returning to surface by arc magmatism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Dallai
- grid.7841.aDipartimento Scienze della Terra, Sapienza—Università di Roma, P.le A. Moro, 5, 00185 Roma, Italy ,grid.410348.a0000 0001 2300 5064INGV, Via di Vigna Murata 605, 00143 Roma, Italy ,CNR—IGG, Area della Ricerca di Pisa, Via Moruzzi, 1, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Gianluca Bianchini
- grid.8484.00000 0004 1757 2064Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, Via G. Saragat, 1, 44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Riccardo Avanzinelli
- grid.8404.80000 0004 1757 2304Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università di Firenze, Via G. La Pira, 4, 50121 Firenze, Italy
| | - Etienne Deloule
- grid.462869.70000 0001 2194 0016CRPG, UMR 7358 CNRS-Université de Lorraine, 15 rue Notre Dame des Pauvres, 54501 Vandoeuvre les Nancy, France
| | - Claudio Natali
- grid.8404.80000 0004 1757 2304Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università di Firenze, Via G. La Pira, 4, 50121 Firenze, Italy ,CNR—IGAG, Area della Ricerca di Roma-1, SP 35d, 9, 00010 Montelibretti RM, Italy
| | - Mario Gaeta
- grid.7841.aDipartimento Scienze della Terra, Sapienza—Università di Roma, P.le A. Moro, 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Andrea Cavallo
- Certema S.c.a.r.l., S.P. del Cipressino km 10, 58044 Borgo Santa Rita, Cinigiano GR Italy
| | - Sandro Conticelli
- grid.8404.80000 0004 1757 2304Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università di Firenze, Via G. La Pira, 4, 50121 Firenze, Italy ,CNR—IGAG, Area della Ricerca di Roma-1, SP 35d, 9, 00010 Montelibretti RM, Italy
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50
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Petrone CM, Mollo S, Gertisser R, Buret Y, Scarlato P, Del Bello E, Andronico D, Ellis B, Pontesilli A, De Astis G, Giacomoni PP, Coltorti M, Reagan M. Magma recharge and mush rejuvenation drive paroxysmal activity at Stromboli volcano. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7717. [PMID: 36513645 PMCID: PMC9746564 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35405-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Open-conduit basaltic volcanoes can be characterised by sudden large explosive events (paroxysms) that interrupt normal effusive and mild explosive activity. In June-August 2019, one major explosion and two paroxysms occurred at Stromboli volcano (Italy) within only 64 days. Here, via a multifaceted approach using clinopyroxene, we show arrival of mafic recharges up to a few days before the onset of these events and their effects on the eruption pattern at Stromboli, as a prime example of a persistently active, open-conduit basaltic volcano. Our data indicate a rejuvenated Stromboli plumbing system where the extant crystal mush is efficiently permeated by recharge magmas with minimum remobilisation promoting a direct linkage between the deeper and the shallow reservoirs that sustains the currently observed larger variability of eruptive behaviour. Our approach provides vital insights into magma dynamics and their effects on monitoring signals demonstrating the power of petrological studies in interpreting patterns of surficial activity.
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