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Hornby AJ, Ayris PM, Damby DE, Diplas S, Eychenne J, Kendrick JE, Cimarelli C, Kueppers U, Scheu B, Utley JEP, Dingwell DB. Nanoscale silicate melt textures determine volcanic ash surface chemistry. Nat Commun 2024; 15:531. [PMID: 38225238 PMCID: PMC10789741 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-44712-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Explosive volcanic eruptions produce vast quantities of silicate ash, whose surfaces are subsequently altered during atmospheric transit. These altered surfaces mediate environmental interactions, including atmospheric ice nucleation, and toxic effects in biota. A lack of knowledge of the initial, pre-altered ash surface has required previous studies to assume that the ash surface composition created during magmatic fragmentation is equivalent to the bulk particle assemblage. Here we examine ash particles generated by controlled fragmentation of andesite and find that fragmentation generates ash particles with substantial differences in surface chemistry. We attribute this disparity to observations of nanoscale melt heterogeneities, in which Fe-rich nanophases in the magmatic melt deflect and blunt fractures, thereby focusing fracture propagation within aureoles of single-phase melt formed during diffusion-limited growth of crystals. In this manner, we argue that commonly observed pre-eruptive microtextures caused by disequilibrium crystallisation and/or melt unmixing can modify fracture propagation and generate primary discrepancies in ash surface chemistry, an essential consideration for understanding the cascading consequences of reactive ash surfaces in various environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian J Hornby
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universtität (LMU), München, Germany.
| | - Paul M Ayris
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universtität (LMU), München, Germany
| | - David E Damby
- U.S. Geological Survey, Volcano Science Center, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | | | - Julia Eychenne
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, IRD, OPGC, Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, INSERM, Institut de Génétique Reproduction et Développement, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Jackie E Kendrick
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universtität (LMU), München, Germany
| | - Corrado Cimarelli
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universtität (LMU), München, Germany
| | - Ulrich Kueppers
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universtität (LMU), München, Germany
| | - Bettina Scheu
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universtität (LMU), München, Germany
| | - James E P Utley
- Department of Earth, Ocean & Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Donald B Dingwell
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universtität (LMU), München, Germany
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Lamur A, Lavallée Y, Iddon FE, Hornby AJ, Kendrick JE, von Aulock FW, Wadsworth FB. Disclosing the temperature of columnar jointing in lavas. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1432. [PMID: 29650990 PMCID: PMC5897544 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03842-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Columnar joints form by cracking during cooling-induced contraction of lava, allowing hydrothermal fluid circulation. A lack of direct observations of their formation has led to ambiguity about the temperature window of jointing and its impact on fluid flow. Here we develop a novel thermo-mechanical experiment to disclose the temperature of columnar jointing in lavas. Using basalts from Eyjafjallajökull volcano (Iceland) we show that contraction during cooling induces stress build-up below the solidus temperature (980 °C), resulting in localised macroscopic failure between 890 and 840 °C. This temperature window for incipient columnar jointing is supported by modelling informed by mechanical testing and thermal expansivity measurements. We demonstrate that columnar jointing takes place well within the solid state of volcanic rocks, and is followed by a nonlinear increase in system permeability of <9 orders of magnitude during cooling. Columnar jointing may promote advective cooling in magmatic-hydrothermal environments and fluid loss during geothermal drilling and thermal stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Lamur
- Experimental Volcanology Laboratory, Department of Earth, Ocean and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, 4 Brownlow Street, Liverpool, L69 3GP, UK.
| | - Yan Lavallée
- Experimental Volcanology Laboratory, Department of Earth, Ocean and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, 4 Brownlow Street, Liverpool, L69 3GP, UK
| | - Fiona E Iddon
- Experimental Volcanology Laboratory, Department of Earth, Ocean and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, 4 Brownlow Street, Liverpool, L69 3GP, UK
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EQ, UK
| | - Adrian J Hornby
- Experimental Volcanology Laboratory, Department of Earth, Ocean and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, 4 Brownlow Street, Liverpool, L69 3GP, UK
| | - Jackie E Kendrick
- Experimental Volcanology Laboratory, Department of Earth, Ocean and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, 4 Brownlow Street, Liverpool, L69 3GP, UK
| | - Felix W von Aulock
- Experimental Volcanology Laboratory, Department of Earth, Ocean and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, 4 Brownlow Street, Liverpool, L69 3GP, UK
| | - Fabian B Wadsworth
- Experimental Volcanology Laboratory, Department of Earth, Ocean and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, 4 Brownlow Street, Liverpool, L69 3GP, UK
- Department of Earth Sciences, Durham University, Science Labs, Elvet Hill, DH1 3LE, Durham, UK
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Lamb OD, De Angelis S, Wall RJ, Lamur A, Varley NR, Reyes‐Dávila G, Arámbula‐Mendoza R, Hornby AJ, Kendrick JE, Lavallée Y. Seismic and experimental insights into eruption precursors at Volcán de Colima. Geophys Res Lett 2017; 44:6092-6100. [PMID: 30166740 PMCID: PMC6108408 DOI: 10.1002/2017gl073350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We combine geophysical and experimental observations to interpret preeruptive unrest at Volcán de Colima in 1998. 17,893 volcanic earthquakes were detected between 1 October and 31 December 1998, including 504 clusters. Using seismic ambient noise interferometry, we observe a drop in velocity prior to the eruption linked to damage accumulation during magma ascent. This is supported by experimental observations where static stress causes a velocity decrease prior to failure. Furthermore, we observe acoustic emission clusters during the experiments, with lower porosity samples producing higher numbers of repeaters. This behavior introduces tensile failure as an additional viable mechanism for clusters during magma ascent. The findings suggest that preeruptive magma ascent may be monitored to variable degrees of accuracy via descriptions of damage accumulation and associated seismic velocity changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver D. Lamb
- Department of Earth, Ocean and Ecological SciencesUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | - Silvio De Angelis
- Department of Earth, Ocean and Ecological SciencesUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | - Richard J. Wall
- Department of Earth, Ocean and Ecological SciencesUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | - Anthony Lamur
- Department of Earth, Ocean and Ecological SciencesUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | | | - Gabriel Reyes‐Dávila
- Centro Universitario de Estudios e Investigaciones VulcanologíaUniversidad de ColimaColimaMexico
| | - Raúl Arámbula‐Mendoza
- Centro Universitario de Estudios e Investigaciones VulcanologíaUniversidad de ColimaColimaMexico
| | - Adrian J. Hornby
- Department of Earth, Ocean and Ecological SciencesUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | - Jackie E. Kendrick
- Department of Earth, Ocean and Ecological SciencesUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | - Yan Lavallée
- Department of Earth, Ocean and Ecological SciencesUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
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