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Walters G, Dring KJ, Nevill BA, Cooper SB, Nevill AM, Nevill ME, Morris JG. Short-Term High-Intensity Rowing Ergometry Training Improves Rowing Performance Equally in Healthy Weight and Obese Adolescents. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2024; 56:885-892. [PMID: 38181216 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000003366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Childhood obesity is a major health concern and physical activity is commonly proposed as an intervention strategy to combat the increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity in young people. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of high-intensity, supervised, rowing ergometer training on maximal and submaximal rowing performance in healthy weight and centrally obese adolescents (12-13 yr). METHODS Participants were randomized to either 6 wk of supervised rowing ergometry, comprising of 2 sessions per week with each session comprising of 2 × 3-min bouts of high-intensity rowing ergometry ( n = 57), or a control group who continued with their habitual activities ( n = 45). At baseline and follow-up, rowing performance was assessed via a submaximal test and a 3-min maximal test. RESULTS Six weeks of rowing ergometer training significantly improved maximal exercise performance; total distance rowed in a 3-min maximal effort improved by 19.7 m (2.7%) (time × group, P = 0.018) and produced a significant reduction in perceived effort in response to a set submaximal load (60 W) (time × group, P = 0.040). At baseline total distance rowed during the 3-min maximal test was significantly affected by body mass (main effect of body mass, P = 0.002), whereby a higher body mass was associated with enhanced rowing performance. However, the pattern of change over time was not different between healthy weight and centrally obese adolescents (time × group × waist centile, P = 0.577). CONCLUSIONS A 6-wk high-intensity rowing ergometry training intervention improved maximal rowing performance. This improvement was similar in healthy weight versus overweight and obese adolescents; yet overall overweight and obese adolescents had superior rowing performance compared to their healthy weight counterparts, suggesting that rowing may be an attractive exercise modality for interventions in overweight and obese young people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Walters
- Sport, Health, and Performance Enhancement (SHAPE) Research Centre, Department of Sport Science, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Karah J Dring
- Sport, Health, and Performance Enhancement (SHAPE) Research Centre, Department of Sport Science, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UNITED KINGDOM
| | | | - Simon B Cooper
- Sport, Health, and Performance Enhancement (SHAPE) Research Centre, Department of Sport Science, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Alan M Nevill
- School of Sport, Performing Arts and Leisure, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Mary E Nevill
- Sport, Health, and Performance Enhancement (SHAPE) Research Centre, Department of Sport Science, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - John G Morris
- Sport, Health, and Performance Enhancement (SHAPE) Research Centre, Department of Sport Science, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UNITED KINGDOM
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Hijleh AA, Wang S, Berton DC, Neder-Serafini I, Vincent S, James M, Domnik N, Phillips D, Nery LE, O'Donnell DE, Neder JA. Reference values for leg effort during incremental cycle ergometry in non-trained healthy men and women, aged 19-85. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2024; 34:e14625. [PMID: 38597357 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Heightened sensation of leg effort contributes importantly to poor exercise tolerance in patient populations. We aim to provide a sex- and age-adjusted frame of reference to judge symptom's normalcy across progressively higher exercise intensities during incremental exercise. Two-hundred and seventy-five non-trained subjects (130 men) aged 19-85 prospectively underwent incremental cycle ergometry. After establishing centiles-based norms for Borg leg effort scores (0-10 category-ratio scale) versus work rate, exponential loss function identified the centile that best quantified the symptom's severity individually. Peak O2 uptake and work rate (% predicted) were used to threshold gradually higher symptom intensity categories. Leg effort-work rate increased as a function of age; women typically reported higher scores at a given age, particularly in the younger groups (p < 0.05). For instance, "heavy" (5) scores at the 95th centile were reported at ~200 W (<40 years) and ~90 W (≥70 years) in men versus ~130 W and ~70 W in women, respectively. The following categories of leg effort severity were associated with progressively lower exercise capacity: ≤50th ("mild"), >50th to <75th ("moderate"), ≥75th to <95th ("severe"), and ≥ 95th ("very severe") (p < 0.05). Although most subjects reporting peak scores <5 were in "mild" range, higher scores were not predictive of the other categories (p > 0.05). This novel frame of reference for 0-10 Borg leg effort, which considers its cumulative burden across increasingly higher exercise intensities, might prove valuable to judging symptom's normalcy, quantifying its severity, and assessing the effects of interventions in clinical populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abed A Hijleh
- Respiratory Investigation Unit, Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sophia Wang
- Respiratory Investigation Unit, Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Danilo C Berton
- Pulmonary Function Tests Laboratory, Federal University of Rio Grande to Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Igor Neder-Serafini
- Respiratory Investigation Unit, Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sandra Vincent
- Respiratory Investigation Unit, Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Matthew James
- Respiratory Investigation Unit, Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nicolle Domnik
- Respiratory Investigation Unit, Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Devin Phillips
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Luiz E Nery
- Clinical Exercise Physiology Unit, Division of Pulmonology, Department o Medicine, Federal University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Denis E O'Donnell
- Respiratory Investigation Unit, Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - J Alberto Neder
- Respiratory Investigation Unit, Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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Ingvarsdottir TH, Johannsson E, Rognvaldsdottir V, Stefansdottir RS, Arnardottir NY. Longitudinal development and tracking of cardiorespiratory fitness from childhood to adolescence. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0299941. [PMID: 38551951 PMCID: PMC10980206 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is an important indicator of health in childhood and adolescence but longitudinal studies on the development and tracking of CRF from childhood to adolescence are scarce. OBJECTIVES The objectives of this study were (1) to assess longitudinal development and track CRF over 10 years from childhood to adolescence, and (2) to examine potential sex differences in the development and tracking of CRF during this period. METHODS Participants were Icelandic children born in 1999, measured at the age of 7 (n = 190, 106 girls), 9 (n = 163, 95 girls), 15 (n = 239, 134 girls), and 17 (n = 202, 119 girls). CRF was assessed with a maximal cycle ergometer test and expressed as maximal power output (Max W) and maximal power output relative to lean mass (W/kgLM). Multilevel regression models were used to study the longitudinal development of CRF, and tracking was assessed with Spearman's rank correlation, logistic regression, and the percentage of participants remaining in low, moderate, or high CRF categories between measurements. RESULTS Max W and W/kgLM increased for both boys and girls up to age 15. Max W plateaued for both boys and girls while W/kgLM plateaued for girls but declined for boys from age 15 to 17. Boys had higher Max W than girls from age 15 and higher W/kgLM from age 9. CRF tracked at low to moderate levels from childhood to adolescence and at high levels in adolescence, with higher values observed for boys than girls. CONCLUSIONS Age 15 was a critical time point in the development of CRF, with values starting to plateau for girls and decline for boys. The results support early intervention for improved CRF in later years, with interventions targeting all children, regardless of their CRF level.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erlingur Johannsson
- Center of Sport and Health Sciences, School of Education, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway
| | - Vaka Rognvaldsdottir
- Center of Sport and Health Sciences, School of Education, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Runa Sif Stefansdottir
- Center of Sport and Health Sciences, School of Education, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Nanna Yr Arnardottir
- School of Health, Business and Natural Sciences, University of Akureyri, Akureyri, Iceland
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Bitel M, Keir DA, Grossman K, Barnes M, Murias JM, Belfry GR. The Effects of a 90-km Outdoor Cycling Ride on Performance Outcomes Derived From Ramp-Incremental and 3-Minute All-Out Tests. J Strength Cond Res 2024; 38:540-548. [PMID: 38039445 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000004650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Bitel, M, Keir, DA, Grossman, K, Barnes, M, Murias, JM, and Belfry, GR. The effects of a 90-km outdoor cycling ride on performance outcomes derived from ramp-incremental and 3-minute all-out tests. J Strength Cond Res 38(3): 540-548, 2024-The purpose of this study was to determine whether laboratory-derived exercise intensity and performance demarcations are altered after prolonged outdoor cycling. Male recreational cyclists ( n = 10; RIDE) performed an exhaustive ramp-incremental test (RAMP) and a 3-minute all-out test (3MT) on a cycle ergometer before and after a 90-km cycling ride. RAMP-derived maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O 2max ), gas exchange threshold (GET), respiratory compensation point (RCP), and associated power output (PO), as well as 3MT-derived critical power (CP) and work performed above CP, were compared before and after ∼3 hours of outdoor cycling. Six active men served as "no-exercise" healthy controls (CON), who, instead, rested for 3 hours between repeated RAMP and 3MT tests. During the 90-km ride, the duration within the moderate-intensity, heavy-intensity, and severe-intensity domains was 59 ± 24%, 40 ± 24%, and 1 ± 1%, respectively. Compared with pre-90 km, post-RAMP exhibited reductions in (a) V̇O 2max (4.04 ± 0.48 vs. 3.80 ± 0.38 L·min -1 ; p = 0.026) and associated PO (392 ± 30 W vs. 357 ± 26 W; p = 0.002); (b) the V̇O 2 and PO at RCP (3.49 ± 0.46 vs. 3.34 ± 0.43 L·min -1 ; p = 0.040 and 312 ± 40 W vs. 292 ± 24 W; p = 0.023); and (c) the PO (214 ± 32 W vs. 198 ± 25 W; p = 0.027), but not the V̇O 2 at GET (2.52 ± 0.44 vs. 2.44 ± 0.38 L·min -1 ; p = 0.388). Pre-90 km vs. post-90 km 3MT variables showed reduced W' (9.8 ± 3.4 vs. 6.8 ± 2.6 kJ; p = 0.002) and unchanged CP (304 ± 26 W and 297 ± 34 W; p = 0.275). In the CON group, there were no differences in V̇O 2max , GET, RCP, W', CP, or associated power outputs ( p > 0.05) pre-to-post 3 hours of rest. The preservation of critical power demonstrates that longer-duration maximal efforts may be sustained after long-duration cycle. However, shorter sprints and higher-intensity efforts eliciting V̇O 2max will exhibit decreased PO after 3 hours of a predominantly moderate-intensity cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Bitel
- School of Kinesiology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel A Keir
- School of Kinesiology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto General Research Institute, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Kevin Grossman
- School of Kinesiology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mikaela Barnes
- School of Kinesiology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Juan M Murias
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Glen R Belfry
- School of Kinesiology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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Astridge DJ, Peeling P, Goods PSR, Girard O, Watts SP, Dennis MC, Binnie MJ. Shifting the Energy Toward Los Angeles: Comparing the Energetic Contribution and Pacing Approach Between 2000- and 1500-m Maximal Ergometer Rowing. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2024; 19:133-141. [PMID: 38016454 DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2023-0216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the energetic contribution and pacing in 2000- and 1500-m maximal rowing-ergometer performances. METHODS On separate visits (>48 h apart, random order), 18 trained junior (16.7 [0.4] y) male rowers completed 3 trials: a 7 × 4-minute graded exercise test, a 2000-m time trial (TT2000), and a 1500-m TT (TT1500). Respiratory gases were continuously measured throughout each trial. The submaximal power-to-oxygen-consumption relationship from the graded exercise test was used to determine the accumulated oxygen deficit for each TT. Differences in mean power output (MPO), relative anaerobic contribution, percentage of peak oxygen uptake, pacing index, maximum heart rate, rating of perceived exertion, and blood lactate concentration were assessed using linear mixed modeling. RESULTS Compared to TT2000 (324 [24] W), MPO was 5.2% (3.3%) higher in TT1500 (341 [29 W]; P < .001, ηp2=.70). There was a 4.9% (3.3%) increase (P < .001, ηp2=.71) in anaerobic contribution from 17.3% (3.3%) (TT2000) to 22.2% (4.3%) (TT1500). Compared to TT1500, maximum heart rate, rating of perceived exertion, and blood lactate concentration were all greater (P < .05) in TT2000. The pacing index was not different between trials. Percentage increase in MPO from TT2000 to TT1500 was negatively associated with pacing variance in TT1500 (R2 = .269, P = .027). CONCLUSIONS Maximal ergometer performance over 1500 m requires a significantly greater anaerobic contribution compared with 2000 m. Junior male athletes adopt a consistent pacing strategy across both distances. However, those who experienced greater percentage increases in MPO over the shorter test adopted a more even pacing strategy. To prepare for 1500-m performance, greater emphasis should be placed on developing capacity for work in the severe domain and completing race simulations with a more even pacing strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Astridge
- School of Human Sciences (Sport and Exercise Sciences), University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
- Western Australian Institute of Sport, Mt Claremont, WA, Australia
| | - Peter Peeling
- School of Human Sciences (Sport and Exercise Sciences), University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
- Western Australian Institute of Sport, Mt Claremont, WA, Australia
| | - Paul S R Goods
- Western Australian Institute of Sport, Mt Claremont, WA, Australia
- Murdoch Applied Sports Science Laboratory, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Center for Healthy Aging, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Olivier Girard
- School of Human Sciences (Sport and Exercise Sciences), University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Sophie P Watts
- School of Human Sciences (Sport and Exercise Sciences), University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
- Western Australian Institute of Sport, Mt Claremont, WA, Australia
| | | | - Martyn J Binnie
- School of Human Sciences (Sport and Exercise Sciences), University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
- Western Australian Institute of Sport, Mt Claremont, WA, Australia
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Ryan J, Hebert EP, Billiot KL, Ort BN, Thomschon K, Kraemer RR. The effects of separate and simultaneous upper and lower body cycling on cardiorespiratory responses in young men. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2024; 64:129-136. [PMID: 37902804 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.23.15306-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the present study was to examine the relative cardiorespiratory and perceptual responses to upper body ergometry, lower body ergometry, and combined upper and lower body ergometry at increasing exercising intensities. METHODS Eight healthy males between 19 and 30 years of age completed three exercise sessions over seven days that included graded leg ergometry, arm ergometry, and combined arm and leg ergometry in counterbalanced fashion. During leg-only and arm-only sessions, participants exercised at workloads of 0, 32, 64, and 95 W. The combined session involved simultaneous arm and leg ergometry at 0, 32, 64, and 95 W, thus eliciting double the total power output of arm-only and leg-only sessions. RESULTS At all workloads, oxygen consumption and minute ventilation responses were greater during combined arm and leg exercise than during leg-only or arm-only exercise. However, the pattern of changes in heart rate, systolic blood pressure, rate pressure product, and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were similar in response to arm-only and combined upper and lower body exercise, despite combined exercise involving double the workload. These cardiorespiratory and perceptual responses were significantly lower during leg-only only exercise. CONCLUSIONS The results of the study add to limited research comparing physiological and perceptual responses to upper, lower, and combined upper and lower body exercise. The findings highlight heightened cardiorespiratory and perceptual responses to upper body exercise alone or in combination with lower body exercise. Training that combines upper and lower body may create higher power output and elicit greater caloric expenditure while eliciting similar cardiovascular responses as upper body only exercise at moderate and higher intensities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Ryan
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Southeastern Louisiana University, Hammond, LA, USA
| | - Edward P Hebert
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Southeastern Louisiana University, Hammond, LA, USA -
| | - Kim L Billiot
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Brandi N Ort
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Southeastern Louisiana University, Hammond, LA, USA
| | - Kierstin Thomschon
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Southeastern Louisiana University, Hammond, LA, USA
| | - Robert R Kraemer
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Southeastern Louisiana University, Hammond, LA, USA
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Blanks Z, Brown DE, Cooper DM, Aizik SR, Bar-Yoseph R. Signal Variability Comparative Analysis of Healthy Early- and Late-Pubertal Children during Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2024; 56:287-296. [PMID: 37703319 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000003296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The kinetics of physiological responses to exercise have traditionally been characterized by estimating exponential equation parameters using iterative best-fit techniques of heart rate (HR) and gas exchange (respiratory rate, oxygen uptake (V̇O 2 ), carbon dioxide output, and ventilation). In this study, we present a novel approach to characterizing the maturation of physiological responses to exercise in children by accounting for response uncertainty and variability. METHODS Thirty-seven early-pubertal (17 females, 20 males) and 44 late-pubertal (25 females, 19 males) participants performed three multiple brief exercise bouts (MBEB). MBEB consisted of ten 2-min bouts of cycle ergometry at constant work rate interspersed by 1-min rest. Exercise intensity was categorized as low, moderate, or high, corresponding to 40%, 60%, and 80% of peak work rate, and performed in random order on 3 separate days. We evaluated sample entropy (SampEn), approximate entropy, detrended fluctuation analysis, and average absolute local variability of HR and gas exchange. RESULTS SampEn of HR and gas-exchange responses to MBEB was greater in early- compared with late-pubertal participants (e.g., V̇O 2 early-pubertal vs late-pubertal, 1.70 ± 0.023 vs 1.41 ± 0.027; P = 2.97 × 10 -14 ), and decreased as MBEB intensity increased (e.g., 0.37 ± 0.01 HR for low-intensity compared with 0.21 ± 0.014 for high intensity, P = 3.56 × 10 -17 ). Females tended to have higher SampEn than males (e.g., 1.61 ± 0.025 V̇O 2 for females vs 1.46 ± 0.031 for males, P = 1.28 × 10 -4 ). Average absolute local variability was higher in younger participants for both gas exchange and HR (e.g., early-pubertal vs late-pubertal V̇O 2 , 17.48 % ± 0.56% vs 10.24 % ± 0.34%; P = 1.18 × 10 -21 ). CONCLUSIONS The greater entropy in signal response to a known, quantifiable exercise perturbation in the younger children might represent maturation-dependent, enhanced competition among physiological controlling mechanisms that originate at the autonomic, subconscious, and cognitive levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Blanks
- School of Data Science, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Donald E Brown
- School of Data Science, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Dan M Cooper
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA
| | - Shlomit Radom Aizik
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Exercise and Genomics Research Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA
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Quidel-Catrilelbún MEL, Ruiz-Alias SA, García-Pinillos F, Ramirez-Campillo R, Pérez-Castilla A. Acute Effect of Different Velocity-Based Training Protocols on 2000-meter Rowing Ergometer Performance. J Strength Cond Res 2024; 38:e8-e15. [PMID: 38085632 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000004595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Leandro Quidel-Catrilelbún, ME, Ruiz-Alias, SA, García-Pinillos, F, Ramirez-Campillo, R, and Pérez-Castilla, A. Acute effect of different velocity-based training protocols on 2000-m rowing ergometer performance. J Strength Cond Res 38(1): e8-e15, 2024-This study aimed to explore the acute effect of 4 velocity-based resistance training (VBT) protocols on 2000-m rowing ergometer (RE2000) time trial, as well as the behavior of the maximal neuromuscular capacities when RE2000 is performed alone or preceded by VBT protocols in the same session. Fifteen male competitive rowers (15-22 years) undertook 5 randomized protocols in separate occasions: (a) RE2000 alone (control condition); (b) VBT against 60% of 1 repetition maximum (1RM) with a velocity loss in the set of 10% followed by RE2000 (VBT60-10 + RE2000); (c) VBT against 60% 1RM with a velocity loss in the set of 30% followed by RE2000 (VBT60-30 + RE2000); (d) VBT against 80% 1RM with a velocity loss in the set of 10% followed by RE2000 (VBT80-10 + RE2000); (e) VBT against 80% 1RM with a velocity loss in the set of 30% followed by RE2000 (VBT80-30 + RE2000). The load-velocity relationship (load-axis intercept [L0], velocity-axis intercept [v0], and area under the load-velocity relationship line [Aline]) was used to evaluate the maximal neuromuscular capacities during the prone bench pull exercise before and after each protocol. The time trial was significantly longer for VBT60-30 + RE2000 and VBT80-30 + RE2000 than for RE2000, VBT60-10 + RE2000 and VBT80-10 + RE2000 (all p < 0.001; ES = 0.10-0.15). L0 and Aline were significantly reduced after all protocols (p < 0.001; ES = 0.10-0.13), with Aline reduction more accentuated for VBT60-10 + RE2000, VBT60-30 + RE2000, VBT80-30 + RE2000, and RE2000 (all p = 0.001; ES = 0.11-0.18) than for VBT80-10 + RE2000 (p = 0.065; ES = 0.05). Therefore, VBT protocols with greater velocity loss in the set (30% vs. 10%) negatively affected subsequent rowing ergometer performance, in line with impairment in Aline pulling performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Elias Leandro Quidel-Catrilelbún
- Department of Sports Sciences and Physical Conditioning, Faculty of Education, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Institute of Sport, Faculty of Health and Social Science, Universidad de las Américas, Concepción, Chile
| | - Santiago A Ruiz-Alias
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Sport and Health University Research Center (iMUDS), Granada, Spain
| | - Felipe García-Pinillos
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Sport and Health University Research Center (iMUDS), Granada, Spain
- Department of Physical Education, Sports and Recreation, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo
- Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, School of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandro Pérez-Castilla
- Department of Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Almería, Almería, Spain; and
- SPORT Research Group (CTS-1024), CERNEP Research Center, University of Almería, Almería, Spain
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Bigliassi M, Cabral DF, Kotler S, Mannino M, Mavrantza AM, Oparina E, Gomes-Osman J. Electroencephalography spectral coherence analysis during cycle ergometry in low- and high-tolerant individuals. Psychophysiology 2024; 61:e14437. [PMID: 37665009 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
The main objective of this study was to further understanding of the patterns of spectral connectivity during exercise in low- and high-tolerant individuals. Thirty-nine healthy individuals (i.e., 17 low- and 22 high-tolerant participants) took part in the present study. A state-of-the-art portable electroencephalography system was used to measure the brain's electrical activity during an incremental exercise test performed until the point of volitional exhaustion on a cycle ergometer. Spectral coherence was used to explore the patterns of connectivity in the frontal, central, and parietal regions of the brain. Physiological, perceptual, and affective responses were assessed throughout the exercise bout. The spontaneous eyeblink rate was also calculated prior to commencement and upon completion of the exercise trial as an indirect assessment of the dopaminergic system. The present findings indicate that high-tolerant individuals reported lower levels of perceived activation, especially during the preliminary stages of the exercise test. Participants in the high-tolerance group also reported greater levels of remembered pleasure upon completion of the exercise test. The data also revealed that high-tolerant individuals exhibited increased connectivity of theta waves between frontal, central, and parietal electrode sites and increased connectivity of beta waves, primarily within the parietal cortex. Correlational analysis indicated the possibility that low- and high-tolerant individuals make use of different neural networks to process and regulate their psychophysiological state during exercise-related situations. This strategy could potentially represent a conscious decision to downregulate affective arousal and facilitate the neural control of working muscles during situations of physical stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Bigliassi
- Department of Teaching and Learning, Florida International University, North Miami, Florida, USA
- Flow Research Collective, Gardnerville, Nevada, USA
| | - Danylo F Cabral
- Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Michael Mannino
- Flow Research Collective, Gardnerville, Nevada, USA
- Artifical Intelligence Center, Miami Dade College, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Angeliki M Mavrantza
- Department of Teaching and Learning, Florida International University, North Miami, Florida, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ekaterina Oparina
- Department of Teaching and Learning, Florida International University, North Miami, Florida, USA
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Succi PJ, Dinyer-McNeely TK, Voskuil CC, Abel MG, Clasey JL, Bergstrom HC. Responses to Exercise at the Critical Heart Rate vs. the Power Output Associated With the Critical Heart Rate. J Strength Cond Res 2023; 37:2362-2372. [PMID: 37369084 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000004547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Succi, PJ, Dinyer-McNeely, TK, Voskuil, CC, Abel, MG, Clasey, JL, and Bergstrom, HC. Responses to exercise at the critical heart rate vs. the power output associated with the critical heart rate. J Strength Cond Res 37(12): 2362-2372, 2023-This study examined the physiological (volume of oxygen consumption [V̇ o2 ], heart rate [HR], power output [PO], respiration rate [RR], muscle oxygen saturation [%SmO 2 ]), neuromuscular (electromyographic and mechanomyographic amplitude [EMG AMP and MMG AMP] and mean power frequency [EMG MPF and MMG MPF]), and perceptual (rating of perceived exertion [RPE]) responses during exercise anchored at the critical heart rate (CHR) vs. the PO associated with CHR (PCHR). Nine subjects (mean ± SD ; age = 26 ± 3 years) performed a graded exercise test and 4 constant PO trials to exhaustion at 85-100% of peak PO (PP) to derive CHR and PCHR on a cycle ergometer. Responses were recorded during trials at CHR (173 ± 9 b·min -1 , time to exhaustion [T Lim ] = 45.5 ± 20.2 minutes) and PCHR (198 ± 58 W, T Lim = 21.0 ± 17.8 minutes) and normalized to their respective values at PP in 10% intervals. There were significant ( p ≤ 0.05) mode (CHR vs. PCHR) × time (10%-100% T Lim ) interactions for all variables ( p < 0.001-0.036) except MMG AMP ( p > 0.05). Post hoc analyses indicated differences across time for CHR V̇ o2 (%change = -22 ± 16%), PCHR V̇ o2 (19 ± 5%), CHR RR (24 ± 23%), PCHR RR (45 ± 14%), CHR PO (-33 ± 11%), PCHR HR (22 ± 5%), CHR RPE (22 ± 14%), PCHR RPE (39 ± 6%), CHR %SmO 2 (41 ± 33%), PCHR %SmO 2 (-18 ± 40%), CHR EMG AMP (-13 ± 15%), PCHR EMG AMP (13 ± 13%), CHR EMG MPF (9 ± 8%), CHR MMG MPF (7 ± 11%), and PCHR MMG MPF (-3 ± 14%). The critical heart rate was more sustainable than PCHR but required adjustments in PO which traversed intensity domains and caused dissociations of the responses previously observed in exercise anchored to PO. These dissociations indicated the demands to exercise varied with anchoring scheme and provides an important consideration for practitioners prescribing endurance exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale J Succi
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Promotion, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Taylor K Dinyer-McNeely
- School of Kinesiology, Applied Health & Recreation, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma; and
| | - Caleb C Voskuil
- Department of Kinesiology, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, Texas
| | - Mark G Abel
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Promotion, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Jody L Clasey
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Promotion, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Haley C Bergstrom
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Promotion, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
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Lidar J, Ainegren M, Sundström D. Development and validation of dynamic bioenergetic model for intermittent ergometer cycling. Eur J Appl Physiol 2023; 123:2755-2770. [PMID: 37369795 PMCID: PMC10638188 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-023-05256-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to develop and validate a bioenergetic model describing the dynamic behavior of the alactic, lactic, and aerobic metabolic energy supply systems as well as different sources of the total metabolic energy demand. METHODS The bioenergetic supply model consisted of terms for the alactic, lactic, and aerobic system metabolic rates while the demand model consisted of terms for the corresponding metabolic rates of principal cycling work, pulmonary ventilation, and accumulated metabolites. The bioenergetic model was formulated as a system of differential equations and model parameters were estimated by a non-linear grey-box approach, utilizing power output and aerobic metabolic rate (MRae) data from fourteen cyclists performing an experimental trial (P2) on a cycle ergometer. Validity was assessed by comparing model simulation and measurements on a similar follow-up experimental trial (P3). RESULTS The root mean square error between modelled and measured MRae was 61.9 ± 7.9 W and 79.2 ± 30.5 W for P2 and P3, respectively. The corresponding mean absolute percentage error was 8.6 ± 1.5% and 10.6 ± 3.3% for P2 and P3, respectively. CONCLUSION The validation of the model showed excellent overall agreement between measured and modeled MRae during intermittent cycling by well-trained male cyclist. However, the standard deviation was 38.5% of the average root mean square error for P3, indicating not as good reliability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julius Lidar
- Department of Engineering, Mathematics and Science Education, Sports Tech Research Centre, Mid Sweden University, Östersund, Sweden.
| | - Mats Ainegren
- Department of Engineering, Mathematics and Science Education, Sports Tech Research Centre, Mid Sweden University, Östersund, Sweden
| | - David Sundström
- Department of Engineering, Mathematics and Science Education, Sports Tech Research Centre, Mid Sweden University, Östersund, Sweden
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Daly LS, Van Hooren B, Jakeman P. Physiological characteristics of a 92-yr-old four-time world champion indoor rower. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2023; 135:1415-1420. [PMID: 37916272 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00698.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This study assessed the physiological, performance, nutritional intake, and training characteristics of a 92-yr-old four-time master world champion indoor male rower. Body composition was assessed via bioelectrical impedance. Oxygen uptake, carbon dioxide production, ventilation, and heart rate were measured at rest and during a 2,000-m time trial on a rowing ergometer. Maximal power was assessed to compute anaerobic power reserve. Training included ≈ 30 km/wk on the rowing ergometer. Herein, 70% of distances were covered at light intensities (RPE, 10-12), 20% at hard (RPE, 13-17), and 10% at near maximal or maximal (RPE, 17-20). Resistance training was performed during ≈ 2 sessions/wk, and involved three sets of dumbbell lunges, rows, and curls, respectively, taken close (or to) failure. Dietary intake was high in protein [2.3 ± 0.1 g·kg-1 lean body mass (LBM)], conferring a caloric intake of 33.4 ± 1.7 kcal·kg-1 LBM. The participant demonstrated muscle mass of 47.7 kg, fat mass of 9.1 kg (15.4% body fat), forced vital capacity of 3.36 L, time constant (τ) to steady state of 30.2 s, peak relative oxygen pulse of 0.18 ([mL·O2/beats/min]/kg), peak heart rate of 153 beats/min, and maximum power of 220 W (140 W anaerobic power reserve). This 92-yr-old athlete demonstrated remarkably fast oxygen uptake kinetics, akin to values for a healthy young adult, indicating well-developed and/or maintained cardiopulmonary function. The high values for cardiopulmonary function, muscle mass, metabolic efficiency, and maximum power output may infer the pliability of these systems to maintain high functionality at an advanced age.NEW & NOTEWORTHY To our knowledge, this study is the first to characterize the physiological attributes of a competitive rower (4-time master world champion) at an advanced age (≥ 85 yr). The participant demonstrated a high muscle mass (47.7 kg; 80.6% body mass), maximal power (220 W), and exceptional oxygen uptake kinetics (τ of 30.2 s), similar to values reported for healthy young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorcan S Daly
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Technological University of the Shannon: Midlands Midwest, Athlone, Ireland
- SHE Research Group, Technological University of the Shannon: Midlands Midwest, Athlone, Ireland
- Sport and Human Performance Research Centre, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Bas Van Hooren
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Philip Jakeman
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
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Tian Y, Chen X, Liu Y, Sun G, Zhou Z, Liu C, Huo B. Effects of poling camber angle on the biomechanics of cross-country sit-skiing. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20893. [PMID: 38017144 PMCID: PMC10684654 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48359-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cross-country sit-skiers use double poling (DP) technique to drive the slide. The aim of this study is to analyze how poling camber angle affect the capacity of power output and biomechanical parameters of the DP process. Twenty-four non-disabled college students (24.67 ± 1.46 years old) were recruited to perform three successive 30-s maximal effort tests with different poling camber angles of 0°, 15°, 24° and 30° using a sit-skiing ergometer. The biomechanical parameters, output power and muscle activation of the subjects were analyzed. The results showed that DP output power increased with the increase of poling camber angle at 15° (597.78 ± 150.31 J), 24° (610.94 ± 158.96 J, P = 0.011) and 30° (629.10 ± 168.78 J, P < 0.001) compared with 0° (590.65 ± 148.95 J). However, effective output power decreased with the increase of camber angle. Poling with camber angle of 24° had the shortest cycle time 1.53 ± 0.17 s, compared with other abduction angle (0°, 1.57 ± 0.19 s, 15°, 1.55 ± 0.16 s, and 30°, 1.56 ± 0.19 s). Compared with 0° (1.02 ± 0.14 m), the cycle distance significantly increased at poling camber angles of 24° (1.07 ± 0.12 m, P = 0.029) and 30° (1.11 ± 0.13 m, P < 0.001). With the increase of poling camber angle, the shoulder and elbow joint range of motions and joint moments were significantly increased. This study found that poling with shoulder abducted increased the output power but decreased the efficiency. By analyzing the poling angle and poling force, we find that the optimal poling camber angle may depend on the terrain or the skiing speed. These results may guide the competition techniques and tactics in the matches, and may further influence the strength-training programs of cross-country sit-skiing athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Tian
- Sports Biomechanics Center, Sports Artificial Intelligence Institute, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, No. 11 North Third Ring Road West, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Chen
- Biomechanics Lab, Department of Mechanics, School of Aerospace Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujie Liu
- Sports Biomechanics Center, Sports Artificial Intelligence Institute, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, No. 11 North Third Ring Road West, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Sun
- Sports Biomechanics Center, Sports Artificial Intelligence Institute, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, No. 11 North Third Ring Road West, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhixiong Zhou
- School of Physical Education and Coaching Science, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenglin Liu
- Sports Biomechanics Center, Sports Artificial Intelligence Institute, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, No. 11 North Third Ring Road West, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China.
| | - Bo Huo
- Sports Biomechanics Center, Sports Artificial Intelligence Institute, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, No. 11 North Third Ring Road West, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China.
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Watts SP, Binnie MJ, Goods PSR, Hewlett J, Fahey-Gilmour J, Peeling P. Demarcation of Intensity From 3 to 5 Zones Aids in Understanding Physiological Performance Progression in Highly Trained Under-23 Rowing Athletes. J Strength Cond Res 2023; 37:e593-e600. [PMID: 37463357 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000004534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Watts, SP, Binnie, MJ, Goods, PSR, Hewlett, J, Fahey-Gilmour, J, and Peeling, P. Demarcation of intensity from 3 to 5 zones aids in understanding physiological performance progression in highly trained under-23 rowing athletes. J Strength Cond Res 37(11): e593-e600, 2023-The purpose of this investigation was to compare 2 training intensity distribution models (3 and 5 zone) in 15 highly trained rowing athletes ( n = 8 male; n = 7 female; 19.4 ± 1.1 years) to determine the impact on primary (2,000-m single-scull race) and secondary (2,000-m ergometer time trial, peak oxygen consumption [V̇O 2 peak], lactate threshold 2 [LT2 power]) performance variables. Performance was assessed before and after 4 months training, which was monitored through a smart watch (Garmin Ltd, Olathe, KS) and chest-strap heart rate (HR) monitor (Wahoo Fitness, Atlanta, GA). Two training intensity distribution models were quantified and compared: a 3-zone model (Z1: between 50% V̇O 2 peak and lactate threshold 1 (LT1); Z2: between LT1 and 95% LT2; Z3: >95% LT2) and a 5-zone model (T1-T5), where Z1 and Z3 were split into 2 additional zones. There was significant improvement in LT2 power for both male (4.08% ± 1.83, p < 0.01) and female (3.52% ± 3.38, p = 0.02) athletes, with male athletes also demonstrating significant improvement in 2,000-m ergometer time trial (2.3% ± 1.92, p = 0.01). Changes in V̇O 2 peak significantly correlated with high-quality aerobic training (percent time in T2 zone; r = 0.602, p = 0.02), whereas changes in LT2 power significantly correlated with "threshold" training (percent time in T4 zone; r = 0.529, p = 0.04). These correlations were not evident when examining intensity distribution through the 3-zone model. Accordingly, a 5-zone intensity model may aid in understanding the progression of secondary performance metrics in rowing athletes; however, primary (on-water) performance remains complex to quantify.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie P Watts
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
- Western Australian Institute of Sport, Mt Claremont, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Martyn J Binnie
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
- Western Australian Institute of Sport, Mt Claremont, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Paul S R Goods
- Western Australian Institute of Sport, Mt Claremont, Western Australia, Australia
- Murdoch Applied Sports Science Laboratory, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia; and
- Centre for Healthy Ageing, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jamie Hewlett
- Western Australian Institute of Sport, Mt Claremont, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jack Fahey-Gilmour
- Western Australian Institute of Sport, Mt Claremont, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Peter Peeling
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
- Western Australian Institute of Sport, Mt Claremont, Western Australia, Australia
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15
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Astorino TA, Robson T, McMillan DW. Classifying Intensity Domains From Arm Cycle Ergometry Differs Versus Leg Cycling Ergometry. J Strength Cond Res 2023; 37:2192-2199. [PMID: 37883398 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000004549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Astorino, TA, Robson, T, and McMillan, DW. Classifying intensity domains from arm cycle ergometry differs versus leg cycling ergometry. J Strength Cond Res 37(11): 2192-2199, 2023-This study compared the distribution of exercise intensity domains in response to progressive leg cycle ergometry (LCE) and arm cycle ergometry (ACE). Seventeen active men and women (age and body fat = 26 ± 7 years and 18 ± 3%) initially performed graded exercise on each modality to assess maximal oxygen uptake (V̇o2max) and peak power output (PPO). Using a randomized crossover design, they subsequently performed moderate intensity continuous exercise consisting of three 15-minute bouts at 20, 40, and 60% PPO on each modality. Gas exchange data (V̇o2, V̇co2, and VE), respiratory exchange ratio, heart rate (HR), blood lactate concentration (BLa), and perceptual responses were acquired. Only 2 subjects were classified in the same intensity domains across modalities, with LCE eliciting more subjects exercising at "vigorous" and "near-maximal" intensities than ACE. Time spent above 70 (22 ± 7 vs. 15 ± 8 minutes, d = 1.03) and 80 %HRmax (15 ± 6 vs. 9 ± 6 minutes, d = 1.04) was significantly greater with LCE vs. ACE. Compared with ACE, LCE revealed significantly higher (p < 0.05) peak (94 ± 6 vs. 88 ± 9 %HRmax, d = 0.81) and mean HR (73 ± 6 vs. 66 ± 6 %HRmax, d = 1.20), V̇o2 (54 ± 5 vs. 50 ± 7 %V̇o2max, d = 0.68), and BLa (5.5 ± 2.0 vs. 4.7 ± 1.5 mM, d = 0.48). The results exhibit that progressive leg cycling at identical intensities elicits a greater cardiometabolic stimulus than ACE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd A Astorino
- Department of Kinesiology, CSU-San Marcos, San Marcos, California; and
| | - Tanner Robson
- Department of Kinesiology, CSU-San Marcos, San Marcos, California; and
| | - David W McMillan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida
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Janicijevic D, Quidel-Catrilelbún MEL, Baena-Raya A, García-Ramos A. Interference Effects of Different Resistance-Training Protocols on Rowing Ergometer Performance: A Study on Semiprofessional Rowers. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2023; 18:1345-1351. [PMID: 37666501 DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2023-0210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the interference effects of various resistance-training (RT) protocols on rowing ergometer performance. METHODS Fourteen semiprofessional male rowers randomly completed 5 protocols in separate sessions: (1) control-no RT session was performed, (2) upper-body high-fatigue-4 sets to failure during the bench pull exercise, (3) upper-body low-fatigue-4 sets of 6 repetitions during the bench pull exercise, (4) lower-body high-fatigue-4 sets to failure during the leg-press exercise, and (5) lower-body low-fatigue-4 sets of 6 repetitions during the leg-press exercise. All sets were performed against the 12-repetition-maximum load with 2 minutes of interset rest. Following the completion of the protocols, subjects performed an all-out 1000-m rowing ergometer test. RESULTS Compared with the control condition, rowing ergometer performance was not significantly affected after the low-fatigue RT protocols (upper body: P ≥ .487; Δ = 0.0%-0.2%; lower body: P ≥ .200; Δ = -0.2%-0.5%), while it significantly declined following high-fatigue RT protocols (upper body: P ≤ .001; Δ = 1.0%-2.0%; lower body: P ≤ .002; Δ = 2.1%-2.5%). The average heart rate was significantly lower for the control condition compared with all RT protocols (P ≤ .043; Δ = 1.0%-1.5%). CONCLUSIONS To minimize interference on rowing performance, coaches should prioritize the level of effort in RT protocols over specific exercises, specifically avoiding high-fatigue protocols that lead to failure before rowing practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danica Janicijevic
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, ZJ, China
- Research Academy of Human Biomechanics, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo University, Ningbo, ZJ, China
| | | | - Andrés Baena-Raya
- Department of Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Almería, Almería, Spain
- SPORT Research Group, CERNEP Research Center, University of Almería, Almería, Spain
| | - Amador García-Ramos
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Sports Sciences and Physical Conditioning, Faculty of Education, Universidad Catolica de la Santisima Concepción, Concepción, Chile
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Ertel GN, Mornieux G, Simon FR, Gauchard GC. Characterizing the effects of an ergonomic handle on upper limbs kinematics and neuromuscular activity, comfort, and performance during ergometer rowing. Appl Ergon 2023; 113:104093. [PMID: 37453289 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2023.104093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Articular stress and discomfort during repetitive movements may impact the risk of injuries of the upper limbs during ergometer rowing, especially when using a regular circular handle. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to propose and evaluate the influence of an ergonomic handle on upper limbs biomechanics, comfort and performance during ergometer rowing. An ergonomic irregular hexagon handle, with a 1:1.25 width/length diameters ratio, has been developed. Left upper limb kinematics and neuromuscular activity, perceived comfort and power production were monitored for 29 expert rowers. The ergonomic handle increased the perceived comfort while maintaining the overall articular stress and performance as the same level compared to the regular handle. We recommend using irregular hexagon handles with 1:1.25 ratio for ergometer rowing. Further improvements of the ergonomic handle such as an individualization based on the user's hand length may further enhance comfort and achieve better performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey N Ertel
- Université de Lorraine, DevAH, F-54000, Nancy, France; Université de Lorraine, CARE Grand Est, Nancy, France.
| | - Guillaume Mornieux
- Université de Lorraine, DevAH, F-54000, Nancy, France; Université de Lorraine, CARE Grand Est, Nancy, France; Université de Lorraine, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Nancy, France
| | - Frédéric R Simon
- Université de Lorraine, DevAH, F-54000, Nancy, France; Université de Lorraine, CARE Grand Est, Nancy, France; Université de Lorraine, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Nancy, France
| | - Gérome C Gauchard
- Université de Lorraine, DevAH, F-54000, Nancy, France; Université de Lorraine, CARE Grand Est, Nancy, France; Université de Lorraine, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Nancy, France
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Wang H, Hunt KJ. Feedback control of heart rate during treadmill exercise based on a two-phase response model. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0292310. [PMID: 37871010 PMCID: PMC10593204 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
This work investigated automatic control of heart rate during treadmill exercise. The aim was to theoretically derive a generic feedback design strategy that achieves a constant input sensitivity function for linear, time-invariant plant models, and to empirically test whether a compensator C2 based on a second-order model is more dynamic and has better tracking accuracy than a compensator C1 based on a first-order model. Twenty-three healthy participants were tested using first and second order compensators, C1 and C2, respectively, during 35-minute bouts of constant heart rate treadmill running. It was found that compensator C2 was significantly more accurate, i.e. it had 7% lower mean root-mean-square tracking error (1.98 vs. 2.13 beats per minute, p = 0.026), and significantly more dynamic, i.e. it had 17% higher mean average control signal power (23.4 × 10-4 m2/s2 vs. 20.0 × 10-4 m2/s2, p = 0.011), than C1. This improvement likely stems from the substantially and significantly better fidelity of second-order models, compared to first order models, in line with classical descriptions of the different phases of the cardiac response to exercise. These outcomes, achieved using a treadmill, are consistent with previous observations for the cycle ergometer exercise modality. In summary, whenever heart rate tracking accuracy is of primary importance and a more dynamic control signal is acceptable, the use of a compensator based on a second-order nominal model is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanjie Wang
- rehaLab - the Laboratory for Rehabilitation Engineering, Division of Mechatronics and Systems Engineering, Department of Engineering and Information Technology, Institute for Human Centered Engineering HuCE, Bern University of Applied Sciences, Biel, Switzerland
| | - Kenneth J. Hunt
- rehaLab - the Laboratory for Rehabilitation Engineering, Division of Mechatronics and Systems Engineering, Department of Engineering and Information Technology, Institute for Human Centered Engineering HuCE, Bern University of Applied Sciences, Biel, Switzerland
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Huerta Ojeda Á, Riquelme Guerra M. Six-minute rowing test: a practical tool for training prescription, from ventilatory thresholds and power outputs, in amateur male rowers. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16160. [PMID: 37790629 PMCID: PMC10544309 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The 6-minute rowing ergometer test (6-minRT) is valid and reliable for establishing maximal aerobic power (MAP) in amateur male rowers. However, ventilatory thresholds (VTs) have not yet been established with their mechanical correspondence in this test. Objective The primary objective was to determine the VTs in the 6-minRT achieved by amateur male rowers, while the secondary objective was to determine the correspondence between ventilatory, mechanical, and heart rate (HR) outcomes of the 6-minRT. Methods Sixteen amateur male rowers were part of the study. All participants were instructed to perform an incremental test (IT) and a 6-minRT. Determination of the ventilatory parameters for the first ventilatory threshold (VT1), the second ventilatory threshold (VT2), and 6minRTVO2max were performed by correlating the outcomes of VT1, VT2, and VO2max obtained in the IT, with the outcomes of 6-minRT. For these purposes, Pearson's test was used, with the following criteria: trivial, <0.1; small, 0.1-0.3; moderate, 0.3-0.5; high, 0.5-0.7; very high, 0.7-0.9; or practically perfect, >0.9. The significance level was p < 0.05. Results The IT analysis determined that VT1 and VT2 correspond to 55 and 80% of VO2max, respectively. A high correlation was observed between IT outcomes in VT1, VT2, and VO2max, with the outcomes of 6-minRT (r > 0.6). Conclusion Based on IT ventilatory parameters and concordance analysis, VT1 and VT2 of 6-minRT are determined at 55 and 80%, respectively, of both ventilatory parameters and their corresponding mechanical outcomes and HR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Huerta Ojeda
- Grupo de Investigación en Salud, Actividad Física y Deporte ISAFYD, Universidad de Las Américas, Viña del Mar, Chile
| | - Miguel Riquelme Guerra
- Magíster en Medicina y Ciencias del Deporte, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
- Escuela de Kinesiología, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Santo Tomás, Viña del Mar, Chile
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Mäestu J, Lelle R, Mäestu E, Pind R, Vahtra E, Purge P, Mikulic P. Long-Term Rowing Performance Development in Male Olympic and World Championship Medal Winners Compared With Nonmedalists. J Strength Cond Res 2023; 37:e521-e526. [PMID: 36728034 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000004479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Mäestu, J, Lelle, R, Mäestu, E, Pind, R, Vahtra, E, Purge, P, and Mikulic, P. Long-term rowing performance development in male Olympic and World Championship medal winners compared with nonmedalists. J Strength Cond Res 37(9): e521-e526, 2023-The purpose of this study was, first, to investigate individual longitudinal 2,000 m rowing ergometer performance (2,000 erg) development of world class male rowers from the beginning of their career until reaching the elite level and to compare ELITE performance development with those who did not reach podium places and, second, to provide 2,000 erg milestones for talent prediction in rowing. Individual annual 2,000 erg performances of 54 male rowers were analyzed from age 15 and throughout their career. Olympic or World Championships medal winners (ELITE; n = 11) were compared with those who did not reach international podium places. Two thousand erg increased ( p ≤ 0.05) until the age of 24 in ELITE, while plateaued earlier for less successful rowers. No differences in the rate of performance improvement were found between ELITE and lower performers ( p > 0.05). At the age of 20, performance between ELITE and international level nonmedal winners reached significant difference (480.7 ± 20.9 W vs. 435.3 ± 33.9 W, respectively) and remained different onwards ( p ≤ 0.05). However, the average of the 10 best seasons cross-sectional performances of less successful rowers were significantly higher until age 18, compared with ELITE. ELITE rowers were able to improve their 2,000 erg performance to higher age; therefore, it is difficult to predict elite performers in junior rowers. Cross-sectional performances of less successful rowers may indicate temporary high-level performers, who might not be able to advance the elite level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarek Mäestu
- Institute of Sport Sciences and Physiotherapy, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia; and
| | - Raini Lelle
- Institute of Sport Sciences and Physiotherapy, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia; and
| | - Evelin Mäestu
- Institute of Sport Sciences and Physiotherapy, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia; and
| | - Rasmus Pind
- Institute of Sport Sciences and Physiotherapy, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia; and
| | - Eno Vahtra
- Institute of Sport Sciences and Physiotherapy, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia; and
| | - Priit Purge
- Institute of Sport Sciences and Physiotherapy, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia; and
| | - Pavle Mikulic
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
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Fehr CM, McEwen G, Robinson C. The Effects of "Physical BEMER® Vascular Therapy" on Work Performed During Repeated Wingate Sprints. Res Q Exerc Sport 2023; 94:732-737. [PMID: 35481952 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2022.2053040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Bio-Electro-Magnetic-Energy-Regulation (BEMER) on recovery and performance parameters in anaerobic exercise compared to active and passive recovery. Method: Fifteen recreationally active participants completed four sessions separated by 2-5 days between each session. The first visit involved one Wingate Anaerobic Test (WAnT; 30-s cycling sprint on a Monark ergometer) to familiarize participants with testing procedures. The three subsequent sessions involved four repeated WAnTs. Each sprint was followed by 4 min of either passive recovery (laying supine), active recovery (pedaling at 50 rpm at 20% of sprint workload), or BEMER recovery (laying supine on the BEMER body pad at intensity level "5-Plus."). The same recovery method was used within each testing session, and recovery method order was randomized across participants. Results: There was no difference in peak power, average power, fatigue index, or average work performed between recovery conditions. Active recovery resulted in a statistically significant decrease in ratings of pain intensity (M = -0.767, SD = 0.928) and pain unpleasantness (M = -0.608, SD = 0.915), from the first minute to the fourth minute of recovery, compared to both BEMER (Intensity: M = 0.675, SD = 0.745, Unpleasantness: M = 1.125, SD = 0.862) and passive (Intensity: M = 0.542, SD = 0.774, Unpleasantness: M = 1.018, SD = 0.872) recoveries, where pain ratings increased. Conclusions: Although no recovery method resulted in increased performance, active recovery led to a more comfortable exercise experience while still allowing comparable exercise performance.
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Bano A, Aftab A, Sahar W, Haider Z, Rashed MI, Shabbir HM. Combined Effects of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure and Cycle Ergometer in Early Rehabilitation of Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery Patients. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak 2023; 33:866-871. [PMID: 37553924 DOI: 10.29271/jcpsp.2023.08.866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the combined effects of continuous positive airway pressure (C-PAP) and physical exercise rehabilitation on a cycle ergometer on postcoronary artery bypass surgery patients. STUDY DESIGN Randomised controlled trial. Place and Duration of the Study: Rawalpindi Institute of Cardiology, from December 2020 to May 2021. METHODOLOGY Patients, who underwent coronary artery bypass graft surgery, were divided into two equal groups of each 51. The control group received standard physiotherapy from the 1st postoperative day which included breathing exercises, passive mobilisation in the sitting position, and ambulation. The interventional group also had standard physiotherapy from 1st postoperative day; but also the 2nd to 4th postoperative day had additional dynamic exercises on cycle ergometry in combination with CPAP (continuous positive airway pressure). RESULTS There was a significant improvement in functional capacity measured by 6-minute walk test in the interventional group (p<0.001). Length of hospital and ICU stay mean rank (68.88 and 58) were also significantly decreased in the interventional group (p<0.001). There was no improvement in maximum inspiratory pressure and maximum expiratory pressure. One-minute sit-to-stand test was increased on 4th postoperative day in the interventional group. There was no significant difference observed in arterial blood gases between these two groups. CONCLUSION Cycle ergometry combined with continuous positive airway pressure (C-PAP) applied earlier on patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting improves the functional capacity, decreases the ICU and hospital length of stay and also improves lower limb muscle strength. But no difference in respiratory muscle strength and arterial blood gases was observed between the control and interventional groups. KEY WORDS Aerobic exercise, Coronary artery bypass graft surgery, Continuous positive airway pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjumand Bano
- Department of Physical Therapy, Capital Diagnostic Center, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Anam Aftab
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Allied Health Sciences, University of Sialkot, Sialkot, Pakistan
| | - Wajeeha Sahar
- Department of Physical Therapy, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Zulfiqar Haider
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Quaid-e-Azam Medical College, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | | | - Hafiza Mahnoor Shabbir
- Department of Physical Therapy, Islamabad Medical and Dental College, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Harada T, Kagami K, Shina T, Sorimachi H, Yuasa N, Saito Y, Naito A, Yoshida K, Kato T, Wada N, Ishii H, Obokata M. Diagnostic value of reduced left atrial compliance during ergometry exercise in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Eur J Heart Fail 2023; 25:1293-1303. [PMID: 37062872 DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.2862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Diagnosis of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) remains challenging in patients presenting with chronic dyspnoea. We sought to determine the diagnostic value of reduced left atrial (LA) compliance during exercise to diagnose HFpEF. METHODS AND RESULTS Ergometry exercise stress echocardiography was performed in 225 patients with HFpEF and 262 non-heart failure controls (non-cardiac dyspnoea [NCD]) in Protocol 1, where the diagnosis of HFpEF was defined by the HFA-PEFF algorithm. In Protocol 2, the diagnosis of HFpEF was ascertained by exercise right heart catheterization in 67 participants (49 HFpEF and 18 NCD). Speckle-tracking echocardiography was performed at rest and during exercise to determine LA compliance (ratio of LA reservoir strain to E/e'). As compared with NCD, patients with HFpEF demonstrated decreased LA reservoir strain and compliance at rest, and these differences further increased during exercise in Protocol 1. Exercise LA compliance discriminated HFpEF from NCD (area under the curve 0.87, p < 0.0001), with a superior diagnostic ability to exercise E/e' ratio (DeLong p = 0.005). Exercise LA compliance demonstrated incremental diagnostic value over clinical factors (age, systemic hypertension, and atrial fibrillation) and resting LA compliance (χ2 212.4 vs. 166.2, p < 0.0001). These findings were confirmed in Protocol 2. CONCLUSION Left atrial compliance during exercise demonstrated superior diagnostic ability to exercise E/e' ratio, with incremental diagnostic value over the resting LA compliance. Exercise LA compliance may enhance the diagnosis of HFpEF among patients with dyspnoea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomonari Harada
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Kazuki Kagami
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takayuki Shina
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Hidemi Sorimachi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Naoki Yuasa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Yuki Saito
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayami Naito
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kuniko Yoshida
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Toshimitsu Kato
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Naoki Wada
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Hideki Ishii
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Masaru Obokata
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
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Tiller NB, Porszasz J, Casaburi R, Rossiter HB, Ferguson C. Critical Power and Respiratory Compensation Point Are Not Equivalent in Patients with COPD. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2023; 55:1097-1104. [PMID: 36633582 PMCID: PMC10184810 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000003124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Several studies report that pulmonary oxygen uptake (V̇O 2 ) at the respiratory compensation point (RCP) is equivalent to the V̇O 2 at critical power (CP), suggesting that the variables can be used interchangeably to demarcate the threshold between heavy and severe intensity domains. However, if RCP is a valid surrogate for CP, their values should correspond even when assessed in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in whom the "normal" mechanisms linking CP and RCP are impeded. The aim of this study was to compare V̇O 2 at CP with V̇O 2 at RCP in patients with COPD. METHODS Twenty-two COPD patients (14 male/8 female; forced expiratory volume in 1 s, 46% ± 17% pred) performed ramp-incremental cycle ergometry to intolerance (5-10 W·min -1 ) for the determination of gas exchange threshold (GET) and RCP. CP was calculated from the asymptote of the hyperbolic power-duration relationship from 3-5 constant-power exercise tests to intolerance. CP was validated with a 20-min constant-power ride. RESULTS GET was identified in 20 of 22 patients at a V̇O 2 of 0.93 ± 0.18 L·min -1 (75% ± 13% V̇O 2peak ), whereas RCP was identified in just 3 of 22 patients at a V̇O 2 of 1.40 ± 0.39 L·min -1 (85% ± 2% V̇O 2peak ). All patients completed constant-power trials with no difference in peak physiological responses relative to ramp-incremental exercise ( P > 0.05). CP was 46 ± 22 W, which elicited a V̇O 2 of 1.04 ± 0.29 L·min -1 (90% ± 9% V̇O 2peak ) during the validation ride. The difference in V̇O 2 at 15 and 20 min of the validation ride was 0.00 ± 0.04 L, which was not different from a hypothesized mean of 0 ( P = 0.856), thereby indicating a V̇O 2 steady state. CONCLUSIONS In COPD patients, who present with cardiopulmonary and/or respiratory-mechanical dysfunction, CP can be determined in the absence of RCP. Accordingly, CP and RCP are not equivalent in this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas B Tiller
- Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Exercise Physiology, Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Physiology and Medicine, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA
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Römer C, Wolfarth B. Prediction of Relevant Training Control Parameters at Individual Anaerobic Threshold without Blood Lactate Measurement. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:4641. [PMID: 36901647 PMCID: PMC10001845 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20054641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Active exercise therapy plays an essential role in tackling the global burden of obesity. Optimizing recommendations in individual training therapy requires that the essential parameters heart rate HR(IAT) and work load (W/kg(IAT) at individual anaerobic threshold (IAT) are known. Performance diagnostics with blood lactate is one of the most established methods for these kinds of diagnostics, yet it is also time consuming and expensive. METHODS To establish a regression model which allows HR(IAT) and (W/kg(IAT) to be predicted without measuring blood lactate, a total of 1234 performance protocols with blood lactate in cycle ergometry were analyzed. Multiple linear regression analyses were performed to predict the essential parameters (HR(IAT)) (W/kg(IAT)) by using routine parameters for ergometry without blood lactate. RESULTS HR(IAT) can be predicted with an RMSE of 8.77 bpm (p < 0.001), R2 = 0.799 (|R| = 0.798) without performing blood lactate diagnostics during cycle ergometry. In addition, it is possible to predict W/kg(IAT) with an RMSE (root mean square error) of 0.241 W/kg (p < 0.001), R2 = 0.897 (|R| = 0.897). CONCLUSIONS It is possible to predict essential parameters for training management without measuring blood lactate. This model can easily be used in preventive medicine and results in an inexpensive yet better training management of the general population, which is essential for public health.
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Fernandez A, Wimer GS, Culver MN, Flatt AA, Grosicki GJ. Fan Cooling Improves Submaximal Exercise Capacity in an Indoor Thermoneutral Environment. Res Q Exerc Sport 2023; 94:124-130. [PMID: 35025720 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2021.1946467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: We compared physiological and perceptual responses to submaximal, moderate-vigorous, heart rate-based cycle ergometry with and without a fan. Methods: Sixteen recreationally active adults (25 ± 3 years; 8 men and 8 women) participated in the study. After an initial visit to assess cardiorespiratory fitness, each participant performed two 40-min training sessions on a cycle ergometer, either with or without a fan (~4 m/s), while workload was continually adjusted to elicit and maintain 70% of heart rate reserve. Workload, oxygen cost, and respiratory exchange ratio were monitored throughout, and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and thermal sensation were recorded every 5 min. Blood lactate was recorded pre-, mid-, and post-sessions and nude body mass was obtained pre-post. Results: Greater (p < .01) mean workload (+15%) and oxygen consumption (+9%) yielded significantly greater (p < .01) energy expenditure with fan cooling (344 ± 124 kcals) compared to without fan cooling (302 ± 103 kcals). Thermal sensation, but not RPE (p = .09), was lower (p < .01) with fan cooling (3.8 ± 0.7) compared to without fan cooling (5.5 ± 0.8), and body mass loss was attenuated (p < .05) with fan cooling (-0.4 ± 0.2 kg) compared to the non-fan trial (-0.6 ± 0.3 kg). Significantly higher (p < .05) blood lactate values were observed in Fan (3.0 ± 1.9 mmol/l) vs. No Fan (2.5 ± 1.4 mmol/l) trials. Conclusions: Fan cooling during submaximal, moderate-vigorous intensity cycle ergometry significantly enhanced work capacity and energy expenditure without increasing perceived exertion. These data highlight the utility of fan cooling as a means to increase the effectiveness of indoor, heart rate-based cycle training.
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Stec K, Pilis K, Pilis W, Miodek P, Pilis A, Letkiewicz S. Body Loading during an Intensive Yoga Exercise Routine and a Cycle Ergometer Test. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:4157. [PMID: 36901166 PMCID: PMC10001802 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20054157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The present study compared the effects on the cardiovascular, respiratory, and metabolic functions of the practice of an intensive yoga exercise routine called Dynamic Suryanamaskar (DSN) and a cycle ergometer test (CET) of increasing intensity. The study involved 18 middle-aged volunteers who had previously practiced DSN. The study was conducted in two series (i.e., as CET and DSN with similar intensity) until complete exhaustion. At rest (R), at the ventilatory anaerobic threshold (VAT), and at the maximum workload (ML), the variables characterizing cardiovascular, respiratory, and metabolic functions were determined. In addition, the subjective intensity of both efforts was determined using the Borg test. No functional differences were observed in the cardiovascular, respiratory, and metabolic systems at similar CET and DSN intensities. Respondents experienced less subjective workload during DSN than during CET (p < 0.001). Since DSN intensifies the activity of the cardiovascular, respiratory, and metabolic systems to a similar degree to CET both at VAT and ML, but causes less subjective fatigue, this yogic practice can be used as a laboratory exercise test and as an effective training medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Stec
- Department of Health Sciences, Jan Długosz University in Częstochowa, 42-200 Częstochowa, Poland
| | - Karol Pilis
- Department of Health Sciences, Jan Długosz University in Częstochowa, 42-200 Częstochowa, Poland
| | - Wiesław Pilis
- Department of Health Sciences, Jan Długosz University in Częstochowa, 42-200 Częstochowa, Poland
- Institute of Health Prophylaxis, 42-200 Częstochowa, Poland
| | - Przemysław Miodek
- Department of Health Sciences, Jan Długosz University in Częstochowa, 42-200 Częstochowa, Poland
| | - Anna Pilis
- Department of Health Sciences, Jan Długosz University in Częstochowa, 42-200 Częstochowa, Poland
| | - Sławomir Letkiewicz
- Department of Health Sciences, Jan Długosz University in Częstochowa, 42-200 Częstochowa, Poland
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Araujo RC, Rodrigues GD, Ferreira LF, Soares PPDS. The Time Course of Cardiorespiratory Adaptations to Rowing Indoor Training in Post-Menopausal Women. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:3238. [PMID: 36833933 PMCID: PMC9965168 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Post-menopausal women have impaired cardiorespiratory responses to exercise compared to young women. Exercise training may counterbalance impairments, but the time-dependent effects of exercise training remain unclear. The current study aims to investigate the effects of rowing training on maximal aerobic capacity and time-course cardiorespiratory adaptations in older women. METHODS Female participants (n = 23) were randomly allocated to the experimental group (EXP; n = 23; 66 ± 5 years old) enrolled in rowing exercise training and control group (CON; n = 10; 64 ± 4 years old). The cardiopulmonary exercise test (CET) was performed in a cycle ergometer pre- and post-interventions. Oxygen uptake (VO2), stroke volume (SV), cardiac output (CO), and HR were recorded during CET and analyzed at the peak of the exercise. HR was monitored during exercise recovery, and the index of HRR was calculated by ΔHRR (HRpeak-HR one-minute recovery). Every two weeks, Rowing Stepwise Exercise (RSE) in a rowing machine was performed to track specific adaptations to the exercise modality. HR was continuously recorded during RSE and corrected for the average power of each step (HR/watts). The rowing training protocol consisted of three weekly sessions of 30 min at an intensity corresponding to 60-80% of peak HR for ten weeks. RESULTS Rowing exercise training increased VO2, SV, and CO at the peak of the CET, and ΔHRR. Increased workload (W) and reduced HR response to a greater achieved workload (HR/W) during RSE were observed after six weeks of training. CONCLUSIONS Rowing exercise training is a feasible method to improve cardiorespiratory performance, vagal reactivation and heart rate adjustments to exercise in older women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Cardoso Araujo
- Post-Graduation Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janiero 24033-900, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Dias Rodrigues
- Post-Graduation Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janiero 24033-900, Brazil
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Luana Farinazzo Ferreira
- Post-Graduation Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janiero 24033-900, Brazil
| | - Pedro Paulo da Silva Soares
- Post-Graduation Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janiero 24033-900, Brazil
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Fluminense Federal University, Rio de Janiero 24210-130, Brazil
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Garnier YM, Hilt PM, Sirandre C, Ballay Y, Lepers R, Paizis C. Quantifying Paddling Kinematics through Muscle Activation and Whole Body Coordination during Maximal Sprints of Different Durations on a Kayak Ergometer: A Pilot Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:2430. [PMID: 36767796 PMCID: PMC9915061 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20032430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Paddling technique and stroke kinematics are important performance factors in flatwater sprint kayaking and entail significant energetic demands and a high strength from the muscles of the trunk and upper limbs. The various distances completed (from 200 m to 1000 m) require the athletes to optimize their pacing strategy, to maximize power output distribution throughout the race. This study aimed to characterize paddling technique and stroke kinematics during two maximal sprints of different duration. Nine nationally-trained participants (2 females, age: 18 ± 3 years; BMI: 22.2 ± 2.0 Kg m-1) performed 40 s and 4 min sprints at maximal intensity on a kayak ergometer. The main findings demonstrated a significantly greater mean stroke power (237 ± 80 W vs. 170 ± 48 W; p < 0.013) and rate (131 ± 8 spm vs. 109 ± 7 spm; p < 0.001) during the 40 s sprint compared to the 4 min sprint. Athletes used an all-out strategy for the 40 s exercise and a parabolic-shape strategy during the 4 min exercise. Despite the different strategies implemented and the higher muscular activation during the 40 s sprint, no change in paddling technique and body coordination occurred during the sprints. The findings of the present study suggest that the athletes constructed a well-defined profile that was not affected by fatigue, despite a decrease in power output during the all-out strategy. In addition, they regulated their paddling kinematics during the longer exercises, with no change in paddling technique and body coordination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. M. Garnier
- EA3920 Prognostic Factors and Regulatory Factors of Cardiac and Vascular Pathologies, University of Franche-Comté, 25000 Besançon, France
- INSERM 1093-CAPS, UFR des Sciences du Sport, Université Bourgogne, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - P. M. Hilt
- INSERM 1093-CAPS, UFR des Sciences du Sport, Université Bourgogne, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - C. Sirandre
- INSERM 1093-CAPS, UFR des Sciences du Sport, Université Bourgogne, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Y. Ballay
- INSERM 1093-CAPS, UFR des Sciences du Sport, Université Bourgogne, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - R. Lepers
- INSERM 1093-CAPS, UFR des Sciences du Sport, Université Bourgogne, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - C. Paizis
- INSERM 1093-CAPS, UFR des Sciences du Sport, Université Bourgogne, 21000 Dijon, France
- Centre for Performance Expertise, Faculté des Sciences du Sport, BP 27 877, Université de Bourgogne, 21078 Dijon, France
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Römer C, Wolfarth B. Heart Rate Recovery (HRR) Is Not a Singular Predictor for Physical Fitness. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 20:792. [PMID: 36613113 PMCID: PMC9819190 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND For optimal recommendations in cardiovascular training for the general population, knowing the essential parameters for physical fitness is required. Heart rate recovery (HRR) is an easy-to-measure parameter and is discussed to derive the physical fitness of an individual subject. This study evaluates HRR as a potential physical fitness parameter for public health programs, as it is measured in every ergometry. METHODS In this retrospective cross-sectional study, we analyzed HRR regarding physical fitness (W/kg (IAT: individual anaerobic threshold)). In total, we analyzed 1234 performance protocols in cycle ergometry. Significance tests (p < 0.001) and multiple linear regression were performed. RESULTS The analysis of HRR and weight-related performance showed a significant correlation with a moderate coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.250). The coefficient of determination increases from very weak correlation levels at 1 min post-workout towards weak to moderate levels of correlation at 5 min post-workout. CONCLUSIONS In this study HRR and the weight-related performance at the IAT showed a significant correlation with a mean strength. Thus, a prediction or conclusion on physical performance based singularly on HRR decrease is not recommended. However, in preventive medicine, HRR should be measured and observed on a long-term basis, for analysis of vagal activity and to draw to inferences of mortality.
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Gomes RAF, Sobral-Filho DC. Heart rate turbulence assessed through ergometry after myocardial infarction: a feasibility study. SAO PAULO MED J 2022; 140:762-766. [PMID: 36043674 PMCID: PMC9671564 DOI: 10.1590/1516-3180.2021.0884.r1.27012022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronary artery disease is an important cause of morbidity and mortality. The impact of ventricular arrhythmias with impaired cardiac vagal activity is one of the most recently studied prognostic factors. However, there are no studies evaluating the phenomenon of heart rate turbulence (HRT) during physical exertion. OBJECTIVE To study the behavior of HRT during exercise testing, among individuals after myocardial infarction. DESIGN AND SETTING Feasibility study conducted in a university hospital among individuals 4-6 weeks after myocardial infarction. METHODS All subjects underwent 24-hour Holter monitoring and ergometric stress testing. We considered that abnormal HRT was present if the turbulence onset was ≥ 0% or turbulence slope was ≤ 2.5 mm/relative risk interval. RESULTS All 32 subjects were asymptomatic. Their median age was 58 years (interquartile range 12.8) and 70% were male. Abnormal HRT was associated with ventricular dysfunction in this population. We found no differences regarding the behavior of HRT, in relation to age, gender, smoking, systemic arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus or dyslipidemia. Ergometric stress testing detected premature ventricular beats (PVB) in approximately 44% of the examinations, and these occurred both during the active phase of effort and in the recovery period. The low occurrence of several isolated PVB in beta-blocked subjects made it difficult to perform statistical analysis to correlate HRT between ergometric and Holter testing. CONCLUSION The data obtained in this study do not support performing HRT through ergometric stress testing among patients who remain on beta-blockers post-myocardial infarction, for the purpose of assessing cardiac vagal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Alessandro Ferreira Gomes
- MD, MSc, PhD. Attending Physician, Coronary Care Unit, Department of Cardiology, Universidade de Pernambuco (UPE), Recife (PE), Brazil
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Janssen RJF, Vegter RJK, Houdijk H, Van der Woude LHV, de Groot S. Evaluation of a standardized test protocol to measure wheelchair-specific anaerobic and aerobic exercise capacity in healthy novices on an instrumented roller ergometer. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0274255. [PMID: 36067184 PMCID: PMC9447903 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate whether a test protocol with standardized and individualized resistance settings leads to valid wheelchair Wingate tests (WAnT) and graded exercise tests (GXT) in healthy novices. Twenty able-bodied individuals (10M/10F, age 23 ± 2 years, body mass 72 ± 11 kg) performed an isometric strength test, sprint test, WAnT and GXT on a wheelchair ergometer. Using a previously developed set of regression equations, individuals’ isometric strength outcome was used to estimate the WAnT result (P30est), from which an effective individual WAnT resistance was derived. The subsequently measured WAnT outcome (P30meas) was used to estimate the GXT outcome (POpeakest) and to scale the individual GXT resistance steps. Estimated and measured outcomes were compared. The WAnT protocol was considered valid when maximal velocity did not exceed 3 m·s-1; the GXT protocol was considered valid when test duration was 8–12 min. P30est did not significantly differ from P30meas, while one participant did not have a valid WanT, as maximal velocity exceeded 3 m·s-1. POpeakest was 10% higher than POpeakmeas, and six participants did not reach a valid GXT: five participants had a test duration under 8 min and one participant over 12 min. The isometric strength test can be used to individually scale the WAnT protocol. The WAnT outcome scaled the protocol for the GXT less accurately, resulting in mostly shorter-than-desired test durations. In conclusion, the evaluated standardized and individualized test protocol was valid for the WAnT but less valid for the GXT among a group of novices. Before implementing the standardized individual test protocol on a broader scale, e.g. among paralympic athletes, it should be evaluated among different athletic wheelchair-dependent populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rowie J. F. Janssen
- Center for Human Movement Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | - Riemer J. K. Vegter
- Center for Human Movement Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Peter Harrison Centre for Disability Sports, School of Sport Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Han Houdijk
- Center for Human Movement Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lucas H. V. Van der Woude
- Center for Human Movement Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Peter Harrison Centre for Disability Sports, School of Sport Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
- Center for Rehabilitation, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sonja de Groot
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Rehabilitation Research Center Reade, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Philp CP, Pitchford NW, Visentin DC, Kitic CM, Fell JW, Buchheit M, Minson CT, Gregory JR, Watson G. Can ten days of heat acclimation training improve temperate-condition rowing performance in national-level rowers? PLoS One 2022; 17:e0273909. [PMID: 36048867 PMCID: PMC9436058 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated whether heat acclimation (HA) could improve rowing performance in temperate conditions in national-level rowers. Using a parallel-group design, eleven rowers (3 female, 8 male, age: 21±3 years, height: 182.3±6.8cm, mass: 79.2±9.0kg, V˙O2peak: 61.4±5.1ml·kg·min-1) completed either a HA intervention (HEAT, n = 5) or acted as controls (CON, n = 6). The intervention replaced usual cross-training sessions and consisted of an hour of submaximal cycling or rowing ergometry in either 34±0°C for HEAT or 14±1°C for CON daily over two five-day blocks (10 sessions total), separated by 72h. Participants performed the ‘10+4’ test that consists of 10-min submaximal rowing and a 4-min time-trial (TT) in temperate conditions (20±0°C) before and after the intervention. Heat acclimation following the 10-session intervention was evidenced by large significant (p<0.05) decreases in maximum tympanic temperature (d = -1.68) and rate of perceived exertion (RPE) (d = -2.26), and a large significant increase in sweat loss (d = 0.91). Large non-significant (p>0.05) decreases were seen in average tympanic temperature (d = -3.08) and average heart rate (d = -1.53) in HEAT from session 2 to session 10 of the intervention. Furthermore, a large significant increase was seen in plasma volume (d = 3.74), with large significant decreases in haemoglobin concentration (d = -1.78) and hematocrit (d = -12.9). Following the intervention, large non-significant increases in respiratory exchange ratio (d = 0.87) and blood lactate (d = 1.40) as well as a large non-significant decrease in RPE (d = -1.23) were seen in HEAT during the 10-min submaximal rowing. A large significant decrease in peak heart rate (d = -2.27), as well as a large non-significant decrease in relative V˙O2peak (d = -0.90) and large non-significant increases in respiratory exchange ratio (d = 1.18), blood lactate concentration (d = 1.25) and power output (d = 0.96) were seen in HEAT during the 4-min TT. This study suggests that a 10-session HA intervention may elicit HA in national-level rowers, with potential to improve 4-min TT performance in temperate conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calvin P. Philp
- Sport Performance Optimisation Research Team, School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Nathan W. Pitchford
- Sport Performance Optimisation Research Team, School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Denis C. Visentin
- Sport Performance Optimisation Research Team, School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Cecilia M. Kitic
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - James W. Fell
- Sport Performance Optimisation Research Team, School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Martin Buchheit
- French National Institute of Sport (INSEP), Laboratory of Sport, Expertise and Performance (EA 7370), Paris, France
- Institute for Health & Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- HIIT Science, Revelstoke, BC, Canada
- Kitman Labs, Performance Research Intelligence Initiative, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Christopher T. Minson
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States of America
| | - John R. Gregory
- Sports Performance Unit, Tasmanian Institute of Sport, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Greig Watson
- Sport Performance Optimisation Research Team, School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia
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Bharti A, Balaji GK, Agrahara S. Effect of Early Bedside Arm and Leg Cycle Ergometry on Sitting and Standing ability in Hospitalized acute Stroke Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Neurol India 2022; 70:2065-2071. [PMID: 36352610 DOI: 10.4103/0028-3886.359229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of early bedside arm and leg cycle ergometer exercises as compared to routine physiotherapy on sitting and standing ability in hospitalized acute stroke patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-four consecutive patients with acute stroke were included in the randomized controlled trial. Patients were divided into two groups based on 1:1 simple randomization Experimental group (n = 18) and control group (n = 16). Experimental Group received arm and leg cycle ergometry along with conventional physiotherapy exercises, while the patients in the control group received conventional physiotherapy exercises. Both the groups received treatment for a total duration of 50 min session, twice a day for 7 days. Preintervention and postintervention measurements were taken for both groups using performance-oriented mobility assessment, postural assessment scale for stroke, Motricity Index, and Trunk control scale. RESULTS Statistically significant improvement (P < 0.05) was observed in the experimental group and control groupafter intervention among all the outcome measures. CONCLUSIONS Early bedside intervention of cycle ergometer along with routine physiotherapy is effective in improving the sitting and standing abilities, trunk control, and motor function in acute stroke survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Bharti
- Chitkara School of Health Sciences, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | | | - Sahana Agrahara
- Chitkara School of Health Sciences, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
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Burnie L, Barratt P, Davids K, Worsfold P, Wheat J. Quantifying the hip-ankle synergy in short-term maximal cycling. J Biomech 2022; 142:111268. [PMID: 36030635 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2022.111268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Simulation studies have demonstrated that the hip and ankle joints form a task-specific synergy during the downstroke in maximal cycling to enable the power produced by the hip extensor muscles to be transferred to the crank. The existence of the hip-ankle synergy has not been investigated experimentally. Therefore, we sought to apply a modified vector coding technique to quantify the strength of the hip-ankle moment synergy in the downstroke during short-term maximal cycling at a pedalling rate of 135 rpm. Twelve track sprint cyclists performed 3 × 4 s seated sprints at 135 rpm, interspersed with 2 × 4 s seated sprints at 60 rpm on an isokinetic ergometer. Data from the 60 rpm sprints were not analysed in this study. Joint moments were calculated via inverse dynamics, using pedal forces and limb kinematics. The hip-ankle moment synergy was quantified using a modified vector coding method. Results showed, for 28.8% of the downstroke the hip and ankle moments were in-phase, demonstrating the hip and ankle joints tend to work in synergy in the downstroke, providing some support findings from simulation studies of cycling. At a pedalling rate of 135 rpm the hip-phase was most frequent (42.5%) significantly differing from the in- (P = 0.044), anti- (P < 0.001), and ankle-phases (P = 0.004), demonstrating hip-dominant action. We believe this method shows promise to answer research questions on the relative strength of the hip-ankle synergy between different cycling conditions (e.g., power output and pedalling rates).
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Burnie
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; Sport and Physical Activity Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK; Biomechanics, English Institute of Sport, Manchester, UK.
| | | | - Keith Davids
- Sport and Physical Activity Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
| | - Paul Worsfold
- Biomechanics, English Institute of Sport, Manchester, UK; Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Chester, Chester, UK
| | - Jon Wheat
- College of Health, Wellbeing and Life Sciences, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
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Bar‐Yoseph R, Radom‐Aizik S, Coronato N, Moradinasab N, Barstow TJ, Stehli A, Brown D, Cooper DM. Heart rate and gas exchange dynamic responses to multiple brief exercise bouts (MBEB) in early- and late-pubertal boys and girls. Physiol Rep 2022; 10:e15397. [PMID: 35923083 PMCID: PMC9349595 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural patterns of physical activity in youth are characterized by brief periods of exercise of varying intensity interspersed with rest. To better understand systemic physiologic response mechanisms in children and adolescents, we examined five responses [heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), oxygen uptake (V̇O2 ), carbon dioxide production (V̇CO2 ), and minute ventilation (V̇E), measured breath-by-breath] to multiple brief exercise bouts (MBEB). Two groups of healthy participants (early pubertal: 17 female, 20 male; late-pubertal: 23 female, 21 male) performed five consecutive 2-min bouts of constant work rate cycle-ergometer exercise interspersed with 1-min of rest during separate sessions of low- or high-intensity (~40% or 80% peak work, respectively). For each 2-min on-transient and 1-min off-transient we calculated the average value of each cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) variable (Y̅). There were significant MBEB changes in 67 of 80 on- and off-transients. Y̅ increased bout-to-bout for all CPET variables, and the magnitude of increase was greater in the high-intensity exercise. We measured the metabolic cost of MBEB, scaled to work performed, for the entire 15 min and found significantly higher V̇O2 , V̇CO2 , and V̇E costs in the early-pubertal participants for both low- and high-intensity MBEB. To reduce breath-by-breath variability in estimation of CPET variable kinetics, we time-interpolated (second-by-second), superimposed, and averaged responses. Reasonable estimates of τ (<20% coefficient of variation) were found only for on-transients of HR and V̇O2 . There was a remarkable reduction in τHR following the first exercise bout in all groups. Natural patterns of physical activity shape cardiorespiratory responses in healthy children and adolescents. Protocols that measure the effect of a previous bout on the kinetics of subsequent bouts may aid in the clinical utility of CPET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronen Bar‐Yoseph
- Pediatric Exercise and Genomics Research CenterUniversity of California at IrvineIrvineCaliforniaUSA
- Pediatric Pulmonary DivisionRuth Children's Hospital, Rambam Health Care CenterHaifaIsrael
| | - Shlomit Radom‐Aizik
- Pediatric Exercise and Genomics Research CenterUniversity of California at IrvineIrvineCaliforniaUSA
| | - Nicholas Coronato
- University of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVirginiaUSA
- United States Military AcademyWest PointNew YorkUSA
| | | | | | - Annamarie Stehli
- Pediatric Exercise and Genomics Research CenterUniversity of California at IrvineIrvineCaliforniaUSA
| | - Don Brown
- University of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVirginiaUSA
| | - Dan M. Cooper
- Pediatric Exercise and Genomics Research CenterUniversity of California at IrvineIrvineCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute for Clinical and Translational Science, and Pediatric Exercise and Genomics Research CenterUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCaliforniaUSA
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Szurko A, Kasprzyk-Kucewicz T, Cholewka A, Kazior M, Sieroń K, Stanek A, Morawiec T. Thermovision as a Tool for Athletes to Verify the Symmetry of Work of Individual Muscle Segments. IJERPH 2022; 19:ijerph19148490. [PMID: 35886342 PMCID: PMC9324238 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19148490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In the presented research, we characterised the temperature profiles and the degree of preparation for exercise of individual muscle groups of athletes We hypothesise that by means of thermal imaging studies, the effectiveness of the warm-up can be monitored to determine whether the effort of individual muscles is equal and symmetrical, which can help to avoid a potential injury. In the study, thermographic imaging was performed on a group of athletes exercising on a rowing ergometer involving almost 80% of the muscle parts of the human body for intense and symmetrical exercise. Thermovision studies have confirmed, based on the increased temperature of the muscle areas, that the rowing ergometer involves many muscle groups in training. Moreover, based on the shape of the temperature function obtained from individual body regions of interest, it was shown that conventional exercise on a rowing ergometer causes almost symmetrical work of the right and left sides of the body. Obtained temperature changes in most of the studied muscle areas showed minimum temperature reached the beginning of training—mostly phases 1 and 2. During the subsequent phases, the temperature increase was monitored, stopping at resting temperature. Significantly, temperature variations did not exceed 0.5 °C in all post-training phases. Statistical analyses did not show any significant differences in the symmetry of right and left muscle areas corresponding to the muscle location temperature. Thermal imaging may be an innovative wholly non-invasive and safe method, because checking induces adaptation processes, which may become indicators of an athlete’s efficiency. The imaging can be continuously repeated, and automatic comparison of average temperature or temperature difference may provide some clues that protect athletes from overtraining or serious injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Szurko
- Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Silesia, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland; (T.K.-K.); (A.C.); (M.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +32-349-75-86
| | - Teresa Kasprzyk-Kucewicz
- Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Silesia, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland; (T.K.-K.); (A.C.); (M.K.)
| | - Armand Cholewka
- Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Silesia, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland; (T.K.-K.); (A.C.); (M.K.)
| | - Maksymilian Kazior
- Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Silesia, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland; (T.K.-K.); (A.C.); (M.K.)
| | - Karolina Sieroń
- Department of Internal Diseases, Oncology, with Department of Gastroenterology, Cardiology, and Angiology, Hospital MSWiA in Katowice, 40-752 Katowice, Poland;
| | - Agata Stanek
- Department and Clinic of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Physical Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Batorego 15, 41-902 Bytom, Poland;
| | - Tadeusz Morawiec
- Division of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Oral Surgery, Medical University of Silesia, Pl. Akademicki 17, 41-902 Bytom, Poland;
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Hatefi M, Hadadnezhad M, Shojaedin S, Babakhani F, Tazji MK. Effects of the real-time feedback and knee taping on lower-extremity function during ergometer pedaling in subjects with tibiofemoral varus alignment. Gait Posture 2022; 96:322-329. [PMID: 35785656 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2022.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of the Posterior X Taping (PXT) used for subjects with Tibiofemoral Varus Malalignment (TFRV) aimed to control excessive tibiofemoral rotations is still unclear. Further, it is critical to use evidence-based therapeutic exercises to prevent non-contact injuries, especially in repetitive movements. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether the PXT and real-time feedback (RTF) interventions would improve lower extremity functions during the pedaling task in subjects with TFRV. METHODS Twenty-four male recreational athletes with TFRV participated in this study; Kinematic and muscle activity were synchronously recorded on ten consecutive pedal cycles during the last 30 s of 2-min pedaling. RESULTS The present study indicated that the subjects at the post-intervention of the RTF group exhibited significant decreased hip adduction and internal rotation, significant decreased tibiofemoral external rotation between 144° and 216° of crank angle, significant increased vastus medialis activity between 144° and 288° of crank angle, and significant increased gluteus medius activity between 180° and 144° of crank angle; In contrast, the subjects at the post-intervention of the PXT group exhibited significant decreased tibiofemoral external rotation and increased ankle external rotation at all the crank angles. No between-group differences were observed in pre-and post-intervention. SIGNIFICANCE These results suggest that the PXT and RTF interventions are recommended to immediately improve the functional defects of the subjects with TFRV during the pedaling task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamadreza Hatefi
- Department of Biomechanics and Sport Injuries, Faculty of Physical Education, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Malihe Hadadnezhad
- Department of Biomechanics and Sport Injuries, Faculty of Physical Education, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sadredin Shojaedin
- Department of Biomechanics and Sport Injuries, Faculty of Physical Education, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Farideh Babakhani
- Department of Sports Injury and Corrective Exercise, Faculty of Physical education, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Khaleghi Tazji
- Department of Biomechanics and Sport Injuries, Faculty of Physical Education, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
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Giustino V, Zangla D, Messina G, Pajaujiene S, Feka K, Battaglia G, Bianco A, Palma A, Patti A. Kinematics of Cervical Spine during Rowing Ergometer at Different Stroke Rates in Young Rowers: A Pilot Study. IJERPH 2022; 19:ijerph19137690. [PMID: 35805344 PMCID: PMC9265975 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19137690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Research on biomechanics in rowing has mostly focused on the lumbar spine. However, injuries can also affect other body segments. Thus, the aim of this pilot study was to explore any potential variations in the kinematics of the cervical spine during two different stroke rates on the rowing ergometer in young rowers. Methods: Twelve young rowers of regional or national level were recruited for the study. The experimental protocol consisted of two separate test sessions (i.e., a sequence of 10 consecutive strokes for each test session) at different stroke rates (i.e., 20 and 30 strokes/min) on an indoor rowing ergometer. Kinematics of the cervical spine was assessed using an inertial sensor capable of measuring joint ROM (angle of flexion, angle of extension, total angle of flexion–extension). Results: Although there were no differences in the flexion and total flexion–extension movements between the test sessions, a significant increase in the extension movement was found at the highest stroke rate (p = 0.04, d = 0.66). Conclusion: Young rowers showed changes in cervical ROM according to stroke rate. The lower control of the head during the rowing stroke cycle can lead to a higher compensation resulting in an augmented effort, influencing sports performance, and increasing the risk of injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerio Giustino
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, 90144 Palermo, Italy; (V.G.); (D.Z.); (K.F.); (G.B.); (A.B.); (A.P.); (A.P.)
| | - Daniele Zangla
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, 90144 Palermo, Italy; (V.G.); (D.Z.); (K.F.); (G.B.); (A.B.); (A.P.); (A.P.)
| | - Giuseppe Messina
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, 90144 Palermo, Italy; (V.G.); (D.Z.); (K.F.); (G.B.); (A.B.); (A.P.); (A.P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Simona Pajaujiene
- Department of Coaching Science, Lithuanian Sports University, LT-44221 Kaunas, Lithuania;
| | - Kaltrina Feka
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, 90144 Palermo, Italy; (V.G.); (D.Z.); (K.F.); (G.B.); (A.B.); (A.P.); (A.P.)
| | - Giuseppe Battaglia
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, 90144 Palermo, Italy; (V.G.); (D.Z.); (K.F.); (G.B.); (A.B.); (A.P.); (A.P.)
- Regional Sports School of CONI Sicilia, 90141 Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonino Bianco
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, 90144 Palermo, Italy; (V.G.); (D.Z.); (K.F.); (G.B.); (A.B.); (A.P.); (A.P.)
| | - Antonio Palma
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, 90144 Palermo, Italy; (V.G.); (D.Z.); (K.F.); (G.B.); (A.B.); (A.P.); (A.P.)
- Regional Sports School of CONI Sicilia, 90141 Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonino Patti
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, 90144 Palermo, Italy; (V.G.); (D.Z.); (K.F.); (G.B.); (A.B.); (A.P.); (A.P.)
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Cooper DM, Bar-Yoseph R, Liem RI, Keens TG, McColley SA, Radom-Aizik S. Pediatric Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing: Interoperability Through Domain Analysis Modeling and a National Survey. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2022; 54:741-750. [PMID: 35148537 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The electronic health record, data science advances, and dynamic environmental and infectious threats to child health highlight the need for harmonized and interoperable approaches to pediatric cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET). Accordingly, we developed a terminology harmonization in exercise medicine and exercise science domain analysis model (THEMES DAM) to structure CPET data elements. METHODS THEMES DAM identified 114 data elements, including participant information, calibration, equipment, protocols, laboratory personnel, encouragement strategies, and analysis procedures. We used the THEMES DAM, vetted by the international data standards organization HL7, to construct a current-state survey of pediatric CPET centers in the United States. Forty-eight of 101 centers responded to a questionnaire covering seven major topic areas (38 items). RESULTS Centers predominantly performed between 100 and 500 tests annually. Cardiac disease represented 55% of referrals. Almost all centers calibrated gas concentrations and flow daily, but 42% never calibrated their treadmill or cycle ergometers. All centers measured V̇O2peakbut calculated differently. Centers used a variety of protocols (e.g., for treadmill: 61%, Bruce; 43%, modified Bruce; 59%, other); 44% calculated CPET slopes from submaximal portions of CPET (e.g., V̇O2-HR). All centers verbally encouraged participants, but only 40% used a standardized approach. The interpretation of CPET was done by physicians (60%), exercise physiologists (25%), exercise technicians (10%), nurses (1%), or others (4%). Ninety-one percent would agree to collaborate in multicenter research, 89% to establish dynamic reference values, and 83% to better interpret CPET. CONCLUSIONS The survey data and the implementation of THEMES DAM could accelerate interoperability across multiple centers. This would facilitate a nimble approach to create pediatric reference values responsive to the constantly changing health environment and stimulate novel approaches to CPET research and clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan M Cooper
- Institute of Clinical Translational Science and Pediatric Exercise and Genomics Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA
| | - Ronen Bar-Yoseph
- Pediatric Exercise and Genomics Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA
| | - Robert I Liem
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplant, Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Thomas G Keens
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Susanna A McColley
- Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Shlomit Radom-Aizik
- Pediatric Exercise and Genomics Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA
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Held S, Rappelt L, Donath L. Reliable Peak Power Assessment During Concentric and Flexion-Extension-Cycle Based Rowing Strokes using a Non-Modified Rowing Ergometer. J Sports Sci Med 2022; 21:131-136. [PMID: 35250343 PMCID: PMC8851121 DOI: 10.52082/jssm.2022.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Accurate assessment of peak rowing power is crucial for rowing-specific performance testing. Therefore, within and between day reliability of a non-modified rowing ergometer was examined. 52 trained male rowers (21.0 ± 2.9 years; 1.89 ± 0.05 m; 83.2 ± 8.2 kg; 2,000-m ergometer Time Trial mean power: 369 ± 57 W) performed (two times 4) isolated concentric rowing strokes (DRIVE) and single flexion-extension cycle (FEC-type) rowing strokes (SLIDE-DRIVE) on two separate days (1 week apart). Good to excellent intraclass correlation coefficients (0.94 ≤ ICC ≤ 1.00), low standard error of measurement (≤ 2.7%), low coefficient of variation (≤ 4.9%), and suitable level of agreements (≤ 30W) for DRIVE and SLIDE-DRIVE indicated a high level of (within and between day) reliability. In addition, SLIDE-DRIVE (423 ± 157 W) revealed remarkably higher rowing power (p ≤ 0.001; ηp2 = 0.601; SMD = 0.34) compared to DRIVE (370 ± 154 W). The non-modified rowing ergometer is considered to be a reliable tool for the peak power assessment during isolated concentric contraction and FEC-type rowing strokes. Notably higher power outputs (compared to an isolated concentric contraction) during FEC rowing may refer to an underlying stretch shortening cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Held
- Department of Intervention Research in Exercise Training, German Sport University, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ludwig Rappelt
- Department of Intervention Research in Exercise Training, German Sport University, Cologne, Germany
| | - Lars Donath
- Department of Intervention Research in Exercise Training, German Sport University, Cologne, Germany
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van den Oever HLA, Kök M, Oosterwegel A, Klooster E, Zoethout S, Ruessink E, Langeveld B. Feasibility of critical care ergometry: Exercise data of patients on mechanical ventilation analyzed as nine-panel plots. Physiol Rep 2022; 10:e15213. [PMID: 35285178 PMCID: PMC8918698 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Nine-panel plots are standard displays of cardiopulmonary exercise data, used in cardiac and pulmonary medicine to investigate the nature of exercise limitation. We explored whether this approach could be used to analyze the data of critically ill patients on mechanical ventilation, capable of exercising actively. Patients followed an incremental exercise protocol using a bedside cycle ergometer. Respiratory gases were analyzed using indirect calorimetry, and blood gases were sampled from arterial catheters. Data of seven patients were combined into nine-panel plots. Systematic analysis clarified the nature of exercise limitation in six cases. Resting metabolic rate was increased in all patients, with a median oxygen uptake ( V˙O2 ) of 5.52 (IQR 4.29-6.31) ml/kg/min. Unloaded cycling increased the V˙O2 by 19.8% to 6.61 (IQR 5.99-7.08) ml/kg/min. Adding load to the ergometer increased the V˙O2 by another 20.0% to reach V˙O2peak at a median of 7.14 (IQR 6.67-10.75) ml/kg/min, corresponding to a median extrinsic workload of 7 W. This was accompanied by increased CO2 production, respiratory minute volume, heart rate, and oxygen pulse. Three patients increased their V˙O2 to >40% of predicted V˙O2max , two patients passed the anaerobic threshold. Dead space ventilation was 44%, decreasing to 42% and accompanied by lower ventilatory equivalents during exercise. Exercise produced no net change in alveolo-arterial PO2 difference. We concluded that diagnostic ergometry in mechanically ventilated patients was feasible. Analysis of the data as nine-panel plots provided insight into individual limitations to exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mert Kök
- Intensive Care UnitDeventer HospitalDeventerNetherlands
| | | | - Emily Klooster
- Department of RehabilitationDeventer HospitalDeventerNetherlands
| | | | | | - Bas Langeveld
- Department of PulmonologyDeventer HospitalDeventerNetherlands
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Bonito P, Sousa M, Ferreira FJ, Justo JF, Gomes BB. Magnitude and Shape of the Forces Applied on the Foot Rest and Paddle by Elite Kayakers. Sensors (Basel) 2022; 22:1612. [PMID: 35214515 PMCID: PMC8877826 DOI: 10.3390/s22041612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The study aimed to investigate the magnitude and shape of the forces applied on the foot rest, foot strap, and paddle. Thirteen elite male kayakers participated in this study and performed a 2-min test simulating 500 m race pace in a kayak ergometer. Forces applied by the kayakers on the paddle, foot rest, and foot strap were measured with load cells and recorded by an electronic measuring system. The magnitude of the peak forces applied on the foot rest (left: 543.27 ± 85.93; right: 524.39 ± 88.36) approximately doubled the ones applied on the paddle (left: 236.37 ± 19.32; right: 243.92 ± 28.89). The forces on the foot strap were similar in magnitude to the paddle forces (left: 240.09 ± 74.92; right: 231.05 ± 52.01). A positive correlation was found between the peak forces applied on the foot rest and paddle on the same side (p < 0.001). When comparing the best and worst kayakers' performance, the best showed greater forces magnitudes and synchronization of the peak forces. Analyses of the force-time curves, including not only the forces applied by the kayaker on the paddle but also the ones applied on the foot rest and strap, should be considered relevant in terms of technique analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Bonito
- Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, 3040 Coimbra, Portugal;
| | - Miguel Sousa
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, Polytechnic of Porto, ISEP/IPP, 4200 Porto, Portugal; (M.S.); (F.J.F.); (J.F.J.)
| | - Fernando José Ferreira
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, Polytechnic of Porto, ISEP/IPP, 4200 Porto, Portugal; (M.S.); (F.J.F.); (J.F.J.)
| | - Jorge Fonseca Justo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, Polytechnic of Porto, ISEP/IPP, 4200 Porto, Portugal; (M.S.); (F.J.F.); (J.F.J.)
| | - Beatriz Branquinho Gomes
- Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, 3040 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Research Unit for Sport and Physical Activity—CIDAF (uid/dtp/042143/2020), University of Coimbra, 3040 Coimbra, Portugal
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Wiecha S, Price S, Cieśliński I, Kasiak PS, Tota Ł, Ambroży T, Śliż D. Transferability of Cardiopulmonary Parameters between Treadmill and Cycle Ergometer Testing in Male Triathletes—Prediction Formulae. IJERPH 2022; 19:ijerph19031830. [PMID: 35162854 PMCID: PMC8834943 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) on a treadmill (TE) or cycle ergometry (CE) is a common method in sports diagnostics to assess athletes’ aerobic fitness and prescribe training. In a triathlon, the gold standard is performing both CE and TE CPET. The purpose of this research was to create models using CPET results from one modality to predict results for the other modality. A total of 152 male triathletes (age = 38.20 ± 9.53 year; BMI = 23.97 ± 2.10 kg·m−2) underwent CPET on TE and CE, preceded by body composition (BC) analysis. Speed, power, heart rate (HR), oxygen uptake (VO2), respiratory exchange ratio (RER), ventilation (VE), respiratory frequency (fR), blood lactate concentration (LA) (at the anaerobic threshold (AT)), respiratory compensation point (RCP), and maximum exertion were measured. Random forests (RF) were used to find the variables with the highest importance, which were selected for multiple linear regression (MLR) models. Based on R2 and RF variable selection, MLR equations in full, simplified, and the most simplified forms were created for VO2AT, HRAT, VO2RCP, HRRCP, VO2max, and HRmax for CE (R2 = 0.46–0.78) and TE (R2 = 0.59–0.80). By inputting only HR and power/speed into the RF, MLR models for practical HR calculation on TE and CE (both R2 = 0.41–0.75) were created. BC had a significant impact on the majority of CPET parameters. CPET parameters can be accurately predicted between CE and TE testing. Maximal parameters are more predictable than submaximal. Only HR and speed/power from one testing modality could be used to predict HR for another. Created equations, combined with BC analysis, could be used as a method of choice in comprehensive sports diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szczepan Wiecha
- Department of Physical Education and Health, Faculty in Biala Podlaska, Jozef Pilsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, 21-500 Biala Podlaska, Poland; (S.W.); (I.C.)
| | - Szymon Price
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Igor Cieśliński
- Department of Physical Education and Health, Faculty in Biala Podlaska, Jozef Pilsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, 21-500 Biala Podlaska, Poland; (S.W.); (I.C.)
| | - Przemysław Seweryn Kasiak
- Students’ Scientific Group of Lifestyle Medicine, 3rd Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Łukasz Tota
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, University of Physical Education in Krakow, 31-571 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Tadeusz Ambroży
- Institute of Sports Sciences, University of Physical Education in Krakow, 31-541 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Daniel Śliż
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland;
- Public Health School Centrum Medyczne Kształcenia Podyplomowego (CMKP), 01-826 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence:
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Alberca I, Chénier F, Astier M, Watelain É, Vallier JM, Pradon D, Faupin A. Sprint performance and force application of tennis players during manual wheelchair propulsion with and without holding a tennis racket. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0263392. [PMID: 35120157 PMCID: PMC8815940 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this exploratory research is to study the impact of holding a tennis racket while propelling a wheelchair on kinetic and temporal parameters in a field-based environment. 13 experienced wheelchair tennis players with disabilities (36.1 ± 8.2 years, 76.8 ± 15.3 kg, 174.8 ± 17.1 cm) classified between 30/8 and first series performed two 20 m sprints in a straight line, on a tennis court: one while holding a tennis racket and the second without a tennis racket. They used their own sports wheelchair. Potential participants were excluded if they had injuries or pain that impaired propulsion. Maximal total force, maximal propulsive moment, rate of rise, maximal power output, push and cycle times and maximal velocity were measured. Sprinting while holding a tennis racket increased the cycle time by 0,051 s and push time by 0,011s. Sprinting while holding a tennis racket decreased the maximal propulsive moment, maximal power output, rate of rise and maximal velocity during propulsion by 6.713 N/m, 151.108 W, 672.500 N/s and 0.429 m/s, respectively. Our results suggest that the biomechanical changes observed associated with racket propulsion are generally in a direction that would be beneficial for the risk of injury. But sprinting holding a racket seems to decrease players propulsion performance. Working on forward accelerations with a tennis racket would be a line of work for coaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Félix Chénier
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation of Greater Montreal, Institut Universitaire sur la Réadaptation en Déficience Physique de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Physical Activity Sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Systems Engineering, École de Technologie Supérieure, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Marjolaine Astier
- IAPS, Université de Toulon, Toulon, France
- Université de Toulon, LAMHESS, Toulon, France
| | | | | | - Didier Pradon
- Endicap U1179, UVSQ, Laboratoire d’analyse du Mouvement, Versailles, France
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Komiyama T, Goya R, Aoyama C, Yokota Y, Naruse Y, Shimegi S. The combination of acute exercise and eye closure has a synergistic effect on alpha activity. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20186. [PMID: 34642438 PMCID: PMC8511023 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99783-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute aerobic exercise increases the brain cortical activity in alpha frequency. Eye closure also increases alpha activity. However, whether the two have an additive or a synergistic effect on alpha activity has never been explored. This study observed electroencephalography (EEG) from fifteen participants seated on the cycle ergometer before, during, and after a cycling exercise with the eyes open and with them closed. Exercise intensity was set to a target heart rate (120-130 bpm), corresponding to light-to-moderate intensity exercise. Each epoch was 6 min and the last 4 min (eyes closed in the first 2 min and eyes open in the second 2 min) were analyzed. The EEG power spectrum densities were calculated for alpha frequency band activity (8-13 Hz). At rest, alpha activity was significantly greater with the eyes closed than open. Exercise significantly increased alpha activity in both eye conditions. More importantly, in the occipital site, the alpha-increasing effect of their combination was significantly greater than the sum of the effect of each, showing a synergistic effect. We concluded that acute light-to-moderate intensity exercise with the eyes closed has a synergistic effect on alpha activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaaki Komiyama
- Center for Education in Liberal Arts and Sciences, Osaka University, 1-16 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Ryoma Goya
- Graduate School of Frontier of Biosciences, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Chisa Aoyama
- Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yusuke Yokota
- Center for Information and Neural Networks (CiNet), National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Osaka University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yasushi Naruse
- Center for Information and Neural Networks (CiNet), National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Osaka University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Satoshi Shimegi
- Center for Education in Liberal Arts and Sciences, Osaka University, 1-16 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan.
- Graduate School of Frontier of Biosciences, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan.
- Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan.
- Center for Information and Neural Networks (CiNet), National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Osaka University, Kobe, Japan.
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Abstract
ABSTRACT Lunn, WR and Axtell, RS. Validity and reliability of the Lode Excalibur Sport cycle ergometer for the Wingate Anaerobic Test. J Strength Cond Res 35(10): 2894-2901, 2021-Although multiple testing devices advertise Wingate Anaerobic Test (WAnT), capability, reliability, and validity data are sparse. The purpose was to determine whether the Lode Excalibur Sport cycle ergometer is a reliable and valid instrument to conduct the 30-second WAnT when compared with the Monark 894e Peak Bike ergometer. Recreationally active men (n = 49; 20.6 ± 2.5 years; 1.75 ± 0.07 m; and 79.1 ± 9.8 kg) completed four 30-second WAnTs: 2 each on the Lode and the Monark ergometers for peak power (PP), mean power (MP), minimum power (MinP), fatigue index (FI), and peak cadence (vmax) measurement. Interday and interunit correlation, multivariate analysis of variance, regression, and Bland-Altman analysis determined reliability and validity. Cohen's d was used to determine effect size. Relative reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient) with 95% confidence interval for Monark and Lode was very high for PP, MP, MinP, and vmax and high for FI (r > 0.83; coefficient of variation ≤ 27.0%; p < 0.01). Interunit correlation was strong for PP, MP, MinP, and vmax (r > 0.75; p < 0.001) and moderate for FI (p = 0.001). Lode PP and FI values were significantly less (p < 0.001; d > 1.18) and MinP, MP, and vmax significantly greater (p ≤ 0.001; d > 0.51) than Monark. Proportional bias was demonstrated for all variables (p < 0.04; d > 2.68) except vmax. The Lode ergometer reliably provides WAnT outcomes and correlates well to the Monark ergometer. However, differences in power values and proportional bias between differently braked instruments prevent use of the Lode ergometer for comparison of WAnT data with normative data generated by the Monark ergometer.
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Affiliation(s)
- William R Lunn
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Health and Movement Sciences, Southern Connecticut State University, New Haven, Connecticut
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Trompeter K, Weerts J, Fett D, Firouzabadi A, Heinrich K, Schmidt H, Brüggemann GP, Platen P. Spinal and Pelvic Kinematics During Prolonged Rowing on an Ergometer vs. Indoor Tank Rowing. J Strength Cond Res 2021; 35:2622-2628. [PMID: 31373977 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Trompeter, K, Weerts, J, Fett, D, Firouzabadi, A, Heinrich, K, Schmidt, H, Brüggemann, GP, and Platen, P. Spinal and pelvic kinematics during prolonged rowing on an ergometer vs. indoor tank rowing. J Strength Cond Res 35(9): 2622-2628, 2021-This investigation aimed to compare spinopelvic kinematics during rowing on an ergometer vs. in a rowing tank and to evaluate changes with progressing fatigue. Spinal and pelvic kinematics of 8 competitive scull rowers (19.0 ± 2.1 years, 179.9 ± 7.6 cm, and 74.8 ± 8.1 kg) were collected during 1 hour of rowing on an ergometer and in a rowing tank using a routine training protocol. Kinematics of the upper thoracic spine, lower thoracic spine, lumbar spine, and pelvis were determined using an infrared camera system (Vicon, Oxford, United Kingdom). There was a greater lumbar range of motion (ROM) and less posterior pelvic tilt at the catch during rowing on the ergometer compared with in the rowing tank (p = 0.001-0.048), but no differences in pelvic ROM. In the rowing tank, the pelvic ROM increased over time (p = 0.002) and the ROM of the lower thoracic spine decreased (p = 0.002). In addition, there was an extended drive phase (when the rower applies pressure to the oar levering the boat forward) and an abbreviated recovery phase (setting up the rower's body for the next stroke) in the rowing tank (p = 0.032). Different rowing training methods lead to differences in spinopelvic kinematics, which may lead to substantially different spinal loading situations. Greater pelvic rotation and lesser lumbar ROM are considered ideal; therefore, the present results indicate that rowing in the rowing tank might facilitate the maintenance of this targeted spinopelvic posture, which might help protect the lower back. Rowers, coaches, and researchers should consider the differences between rowing training methods, especially when giving training recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Trompeter
- Department of Sports Medicine and Sports Nutrition, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Jeronimo Weerts
- Julius Wolff Institute, Charité-University of Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany ; and
| | - Daniela Fett
- Department of Sports Medicine and Sports Nutrition, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Ali Firouzabadi
- Julius Wolff Institute, Charité-University of Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany ; and
| | - Kai Heinrich
- Institute of Biomechanics and Orthopaedics, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Hendrik Schmidt
- Julius Wolff Institute, Charité-University of Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany ; and
| | - Gert-Peter Brüggemann
- Institute of Biomechanics and Orthopaedics, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Petra Platen
- Department of Sports Medicine and Sports Nutrition, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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Ponce-García T, Benítez-Porres J, García-Romero JC, Castillo-Domínguez A, Alvero-Cruz JR. The Anaerobic Power Assessment in CrossFit ® Athletes: An Agreement Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:ijerph18168878. [PMID: 34444626 PMCID: PMC8392654 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18168878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Anaerobic power and capacity are considered determinants of performance and are usually assessed in athletes as a part of their physical capacities’ evaluation along the season. For that purpose, many field tests have been created. The main objective of this study was to analyze the agreement between four field tests and a laboratory test. Nineteen CrossFit® (CF) athletes were recruited for this study (28.63 ± 6.62 years) who had been practicing CF for at least one year. Tests performed were: (1) Anaerobic Squat Test at 60% of bodyweight (AST60); (2) Anaerobic Squat Test at 70% of bodyweight (AST70); (3) Repeated Jump Test (RJT); (4) Assault Bike Test (ABT); and (5) Wingate Anaerobic Test on a cycle ergometer (WG). All tests consisted of 30 s of max effort. The differences among methods were tested using a repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) and effect size. Agreement between methods was performed using Bland–Altman analysis. Analysis of agreement showed systematic bias in all field test PP values, which varied between −110.05 (AST60PP—WGPP) and 463.58 (ABTPP—WGPP), and a significant proportional error in ABTPP by rank correlation (p < 0.001). Repeated-measures ANOVA showed significant differences among PP values (F(1.76,31.59) = 130.61, p =< 0.001). In conclusion, since to our knowledge, this is the first study to analyze the agreement between various methods to estimate anaerobic power in CF athletes. Apart from ABT, all tests showed good agreement and can be used interchangeably in CF athletes. Our results suggest that AST and RJT are good alternatives for measuring the anaerobic power in CF athletes when access to a laboratory is not possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomás Ponce-García
- Department of Human Physiology, Histology, Pathological Anatomy and Sports Physical Education, University of Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (J.B.-P.); (J.C.G.-R.)
- Correspondence: (T.P.-G.); (J.R.A.-C.)
| | - Javier Benítez-Porres
- Department of Human Physiology, Histology, Pathological Anatomy and Sports Physical Education, University of Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (J.B.-P.); (J.C.G.-R.)
| | - Jerónimo Carmelo García-Romero
- Department of Human Physiology, Histology, Pathological Anatomy and Sports Physical Education, University of Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (J.B.-P.); (J.C.G.-R.)
| | | | - José Ramón Alvero-Cruz
- Department of Human Physiology, Histology, Pathological Anatomy and Sports Physical Education, University of Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (J.B.-P.); (J.C.G.-R.)
- Correspondence: (T.P.-G.); (J.R.A.-C.)
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Baumgart C, Grim C, Heiss R, Ehrenstein P, Freiwald J, Hoppe MW. Rehabilitation after a Complete Avulsion of the Proximal Rectus Femoris Muscle: Considerations from a Case Report. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:ijerph18168727. [PMID: 34444475 PMCID: PMC8392792 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18168727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A complete avulsion of the proximal rectus femoris muscle is a rare but severity injury. There is a lack of substantial information for its operative treatment and rehabilitation; in particular there is a lack of biomechanical data to evaluate long-term outcomes. CASE PRESENTATION The case report presents the injury mechanism and surgical treatment of a complete avulsion of the proximal rectus femoris muscle in a 41-year-old recreational endurance athlete. Moreover, within a one-year follow-up period, different biomechanical tests were performed to get more functional insights into changes in neuromuscular control, structural muscle characteristics, and endurance performance. Within the first month post-surgery, an almost total neuromuscular inhibition of the rectus femoris muscle was present. A stepwise reduction in inter-limb compensations was observable (e.g., in crank torque during cycling) during the rehabilitation. Muscular intra-limb compensations were shown at six months post-surgery and even one year after surgery, which were also represented in the long-term adaption of the muscle characteristics and leg volumes. A changed motor control strategy was shown by asymmetric muscle activation patterns during ergometer cycling, while the power output was almost symmetric. During rehabilitation, there might be a benefit to normalizing neuromuscular muscle activation in ergometer cycling using higher loads. CONCLUSIONS While the endurance performance recovered after six months, asymmetries in neuromuscular control and structural muscle characteristics indicate the long-term presence of inter- and intra-limb compensation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Baumgart
- Department of Movement and Training Science, University of Wuppertal, Fuhlrottstraße 10, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-202-4393758
| | - Casper Grim
- Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Klinikum Osnabrück, Am Finkenhuegel 1, 49076 Osnabrueck, Germany;
- Department of Human Science, University of Osnabrueck, Barbarastrasse 22c, 49076 Osnabrueck, Germany
| | - Rafael Heiss
- Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Maximiliansplatz 3, 91054 Erlangen, Germany;
| | - Philipp Ehrenstein
- Practice OrthoPro Duesseldorf, Breitestr 69, 40213 Duesseldorf, Germany;
| | - Jürgen Freiwald
- Department of Movement and Training Science, University of Wuppertal, Fuhlrottstraße 10, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany;
| | - Matthias Wilhelm Hoppe
- Institute of Movement and Training Science, University of Leipzig, Jahnallee 59, 04109 Leipzig, Germany;
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