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Södergren AL, Svensson Holm ACB, Ramström S, Lindström EG, Grenegård M, Öllinger K. Thrombin-induced lysosomal exocytosis in human platelets is dependent on secondary activation by ADP and regulated by endothelial-derived substances. Platelets 2015; 27:86-92. [PMID: 25970449 DOI: 10.3109/09537104.2015.1042446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Exocytosis of lysosomal contents from platelets has been speculated to participate in clearance of thrombi and vessel wall remodelling. The mechanisms that regulate lysosomal exocytosis in platelets are, however, still unclear. The aim of this study was to identify the pathways underlying platelet lysosomal secretion and elucidate how this process is controlled by platelet inhibitors. We found that high concentrations of thrombin induced partial lysosomal exocytosis as assessed by analysis of the activity of released N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase (NAG) and by identifying the fraction of platelets exposing the lysosomal-associated membrane protein (LAMP)-1 on the cell surface by flow cytometry. Stimulation of thrombin receptors PAR1 or PAR4 with specific peptides was equally effective in inducing LAMP-1 surface expression. Notably, lysosomal exocytosis in response to thrombin was significantly reduced if the secondary activation by ADP was inhibited by the P2Y12 antagonist cangrelor, while inhibition of thromboxane A2 formation by treatment with acetylsalicylic acid was of minor importance in this regard. Moreover, the NO-releasing drug S-nitroso-N-acetyl penicillamine (SNAP) or the cyclic AMP-elevating eicosanoid prostaglandin I2 (PGI2) significantly suppressed lysosomal exocytosis. We conclude that platelet inhibitors that mimic functional endothelium such as PGI2 or NO efficiently counteract lysosomal exocytosis. Furthermore, we suggest that secondary release of ADP and concomitant signaling via PAR1/4- and P2Y12 receptors is important for efficient platelet lysosomal exocytosis by thrombin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna L Södergren
- a Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences , Linköping University , Linköping , Sweden
| | - Ann-Charlotte B Svensson Holm
- a Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences , Linköping University , Linköping , Sweden
| | - Sofia Ramström
- a Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences , Linköping University , Linköping , Sweden
| | - Eva G Lindström
- b Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences , Linköping University , Linköping , Sweden , and
| | - Magnus Grenegård
- b Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences , Linköping University , Linköping , Sweden , and
- c Department of Clinical Medicine , School of Health Sciences, Örebro University , Örebro , Sweden
| | - Karin Öllinger
- a Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences , Linköping University , Linköping , Sweden
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Aldemir M, Akdemir F, Okulu E, Ener K, Ozayar A, Gudeloglu A. Evaluation of blood platelet count and function in patients with erectile dysfunction. Andrologia 2015; 48:189-92. [DOI: 10.1111/and.12430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M. Aldemir
- Department of Urology; Ankara Atatürk Training and Research Hospital; Ankara Turkey
| | - F. Akdemir
- Department of Urology; Ankara Atatürk Training and Research Hospital; Ankara Turkey
| | - E. Okulu
- Department of Urology; Ankara Atatürk Training and Research Hospital; Ankara Turkey
| | - K. Ener
- Department of Urology; Ankara Atatürk Training and Research Hospital; Ankara Turkey
| | - A. Ozayar
- Department of Urology; Ankara Atatürk Training and Research Hospital; Ankara Turkey
| | - A. Gudeloglu
- Department of Urology; Memorial Ankara Hospital; Ankara Turkey
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De Bon E, Bonanni G, Saggiorato G, Bassi P, Cella G. Effects of tadalafil on platelets and endothelium in patients with erectile dysfunction and cardiovascular risk factors: a pilot study. Angiology 2010; 61:602-6. [PMID: 20395237 DOI: 10.1177/0003319710362977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Activation of endothelial cells and platelets is an initial step toward the development of cardiovascular disease. Erectile dysfunction (ED) may be an early manifestation of endotheliopathy. We evaluated the effects of tadalafil on cyclic nucleotides (cGMP and cAMP) and soluble adhesion molecules (E- and P-selectin [ES and PS]). The patients were divided into 2 groups on the basis of the presence (10 patients) or absence (9 patients) of cardiovascular risk factors (dyslipidemia, hypertension, and smoking). Nitric oxide (NO) was unmeasurable in all the patients. Tadalafil administration induced a significant increase in cGMP levels in both groups (P < .01). In contrast, cAMP significantly increased (P < .05) and PS decreased (P < .01) only in patients without cardiovascular risk factors. Tadalafil induced a beneficial effect on platelet activation in patients with ED without cardiovascular risk factors; this effect was not mediated by NO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiliano De Bon
- Department of Cardiological Sciences, University of Padua, Padova, Italy
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5
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Phenolphthalein as a prototype drug for a group of structurally related calcium channel blockers in human platelets. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2009; 53:231-40. [PMID: 19247192 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0b013e31819b5494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Thrombin increases intracellular free Ca ([Ca]i) in human platelets by 2 mechanisms: internal mobilization and the influx of Ca via store-operated Ca entry (SOCE). 2-Aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB) is an inhibitor of SOCE. In search for nonboron analogues of 2-APB, we identified a well-known compound, phenolphthalein, structurally related to 2-APB. Many phenolphthalein analogues inhibited the ability of thrombin and thapsigargin (a specific activator of SOCE) to increase [Ca]i. Phenolphthalein has an IC50 approximately 10 microM to inhibit thrombin-induced [Ca]i elevation, its active analogues have a similar potency. Several phenolphthalein analogues also inhibited thrombin-induced intracellular Ca mobilization, which indicates action on inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors. We identified structural features among active and inactive phenolphthalein analogues that are responsible for the activity. Opening of the 5-membered lactone ring of phenolphthalein resulted in a total loss of activity. If the diphenyl rings possessed primary amine, dimethyl amine, or a cyano group, there was no activity. Modifications to the diphenyl groups that were tolerated include phosphate, sulfate, iodine, bromine, methyl, nitrite, and methoxy. Inhibition of thrombin-induced [Ca]i increase by phenolphthalein was not mediated by an increase in cyclic adenosine monophosphate because the inhibitor of cyclic adenosine monophosphate-dependent protein kinase A, 4-cyano-3-methylisoquinoline, did not affect the inhibitory action of phenolphthalein. The inhibitory effect of phenolphthalein was not mediated by an increase in NO/cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) because the inhibitors of NO-sensitive soluble guanylyl cyclase, methylene blue, and ODQ did not affect the inhibition. Phytohemagglutinin and thapsigargin-induced SOCE in Jurkat cells was also inhibited by phenolphthalein and 2-APB to the same extent as seen in platelets. Therefore, phenolphthalein and its derivatives structurally similar to 2-APB inhibit SOCE in platelets and other cells.
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6
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Calcium channel blockers increase the amount of nitrite production in rabbits without decreasing the responsiveness of platelets to collagen. Clin Exp Med 2008; 7:142-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s10238-007-0138-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2007] [Accepted: 08/17/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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7
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Fleming I. Biology of Nitric Oxide Synthases. Microcirculation 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-374530-9.00003-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Abstract
The vascular endothelium synthesises the vasodilator and anti-aggregatory mediator nitric oxide (NO) from L-arginine. This action is catalysed by the action of NO synthases, of which two forms are present in the endothelium. Endothelial (e)NOS is highly regulated, constitutively active and generates NO in response to shear stress and other physiological stimuli. Inducible (i)NOS is expressed in response to immunological stimuli, is transcriptionally regulated and, once activated, generates large amounts of NO that contribute to pathological conditions. The physiological actions of NO include the regulation of vascular tone and blood pressure, prevention of platelet aggregation and inhibition of vascular smooth muscle proliferation. Many of these actions are a result of the activation by NO of the soluble guanylate cyclase and consequent generation of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). An additional target of NO is the cytochrome c oxidase, the terminal enzyme in the electron transport chain, which is inhibited by NO in a manner that is reversible and competitive with oxygen. The consequent reduction of cytochrome c oxidase leads to the release of superoxide anion. This may be an NO-regulated cell signalling system which, under certain circumstances, may lead to the formation of the powerful oxidant species, peroxynitrite, that is associated with a variety of vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Moncada
- The Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
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10
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Francois M, Kojda G. Effect of hypercholesterolemia and of oxidative stress on the nitric oxide-cGMP pathway. Neurochem Int 2004; 45:955-61. [PMID: 15312990 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2004.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) is a key enzyme of the NO-cGMP pathway which is believed to mediate vasoprotective actions. In cardiovascular diseases such as hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis, these important functions of the vascular endothelium are strongly impaired. One of the major reasons for this so-called endothelial dysfunction is the increased vascular generation of reactive oxygen species such as superoxide and peroxynitrite. We aimed to investigate whether superoxide and peroxynitrite impacts on the expression and function of sGC and if such a mechanism occurs in a hypercholestemia-induced atherosclerosis. Our experiments with isolated rat aortic rings showed that extracellular superoxide has no effect on expression and function of sGC, while subjection of these rings to continuously generated extracellular peroxynitrite reduced sGC activity. Furthermore, intracellular superoxide as generated by LY85385 almost completely inhibited sGC-activity and increased its expression. In the cholesterol-fed White New Zealand rabbit, we found a 3.5-fold upregulation of sGC, while basal and NO-stimulated sGC-activities were only slightly enhanced and the vasodilator potency of SNAP was decreased by 10-fold. A great portion of the overexpressed dysfunctional sGC is located in intimal lesions. Finally, platelet sGC-activity and the anti-aggregatory effect of SNAP were not changed. These data suggest that endothelial dysfunction in hypercholesterolemia is associated with an oxidative stress-dependent and reversible overexpression of a dysfunctional vascular sGC, while inhibition of platelet sGC-activity is most likely not involved in hypercholesterolemia-induced platelet hyperreactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michèle Francois
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Klinische Pharmakologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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11
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Kottenberg-Assenmacher E, Weber M, Kojda G. The effect of hypercholesterolemia on platelet soluble guanylyl cyclase. Vascul Pharmacol 2004; 40:141-7. [PMID: 13678645 DOI: 10.1016/s1537-1891(03)00047-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
We sought to determine whether hypercholesterolemia impacts on the NO-stimulated activity of platelet soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC). We investigated two groups of nine New Zealand white rabbits receiving either a standard (NC) or a cholesterol chow (HC, 0.75%) for 15 weeks. The plasma content of cGMP and the specific activity of sGC in intact platelets were measured by a cGMP-specific radioimmunoassay. In HC, 47.9+/-3.1% of the aortic intimal area was covered with atherosclerotic lesions, and plasma cGMP levels (pmol/ml) were increased from 12.6+/-1.2 to 27.9+/-3.5 (P<.0001). In striking contrast, hypercholesterolemia had no effect on sGC activity stimulated by the NO donor SNAP. At 100 microM SNAP, the specific activities of sGC (pmol/10(9) platelets/min) were 81.8+/-14.5 in NC and 86.2+/-8.1 in HC. Basal sGC activity (pmol/10(9) platelets/min) was also similar in NC (0.21+/-0.04) and HC (0.460+/-0.11, P=.7813). In accordance, washed platelets from both groups showed a similar SNAP-induced inhibition of aggregation. These data suggest that an impaired response of platelets to NO is most likely not involved in platelet hyperreactivity in hypercholesterolemia.
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12
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Abstract
Nitric oxide is a highly versatile heterodiatomic molecule that effects a variety of actions in the vasculture. Originally identified as a principal determination of vascular tone, nitric oxide has since been recognized to exert anti thrombotic, antiproliferative, and anti-inflammatory effects in the vasculture. At higher concentrations and in the setting of other oxidants, nitric oxide can promote vascular pathology. In this review, we summarize the molecular mechanisms of nitric oxides actions in vascular biology and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Walford
- Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, 715 Albany Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA
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13
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Hedin HL, Nilsson L, Fowler CJ. Effects of staurosporine, U-73122, wortmannin, 4-hydroxynonenal and sodium azide upon the release of secreted beta-amyloid precursor protein from human platelets in response to thrombin stimulation. Mol Cell Biochem 2001; 219:145-52. [PMID: 11354246 DOI: 10.1023/a:1010863415115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, the release of secreted beta-amyloid precursor protein (AbetaPPs) in response to thrombin stimulation in platelets has been investigated. Incubation of platelets with thrombin produced a concentration-dependent release of AbetaPPs with a concomitant reduction in the AbetaPP remaining in the lysates. The response to thrombin was not affected by pretreatment for 15 min with the phospholipase C inhibitor U-73122, with the protein kinase C inhibitor staurosporine, or with hydrogen peroxide (which at the concentrations used affects the phosphoinositide signalling system in human platelets). In contrast, pretreatment with wortmannin and sodium azide reduced the responses to thrombin. These data would suggest that thrombin may cause the release of AbetaPPs from human platelets via an activation of a phospholipase C-independent pathway. Thrombin-stimulated AbetaPPs release was also reduced by 4-hydroxynonenal. This finding, if it is a phenomenon also found for CNS cells, could be of relevance to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease, given that an accumulation of 4-hydroxynonenal is found in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- H L Hedin
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Umeå University, Sweden
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Ramamurthi A, Robson SC, Lewis RS. Effects of Nitric Oxide (NO) and Soluble Nucleoside Triphosphate Diphosphohydrolase (NTPDase) on Inhibition of Platelet Deposition In Vitro. Thromb Res 2001; 102:331-41. [PMID: 11369426 DOI: 10.1016/s0049-3848(01)00244-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Vascular thrombosis is regulated via the release of several constituents from the vascular endothelium, including nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolases (NTPDases or ectonucleotidases), nitric oxide (NO), and eicosanoids. Currently, it is unknown how these constituents interact in the inhibition of platelet aggregation and adhesion. To investigate the combined effects of NO and NTPDase on platelet deposition sequestration, an in vitro study was performed to compare inhibition of platelet deposition to a biomaterial by NO in the absence or presence of soluble NTPDase. Results of the platelet inhibition studies with NO and NTPDase conclusively show that the inhibitory effects of NTPDase and NO are additive. The platelet inhibitory potency in the presence of NO was enhanced by NTPDase in a dose-dependent manner, for a given NO exposure. This augmentation is independent of aspirin; the ability of NTPDase or NO alone to inhibit platelet deposition is also independent of aspirin. Clearly, NO and NTPDase independently contribute to platelet inhibition via different mechanisms. The inaction of NO on the activity of NTPDase confirmed that NO or reaction products in the presence of O(2) do not interact with NTPDase directly.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ramamurthi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Trepakova ES, Cohen RA, Bolotina VM. Nitric oxide inhibits capacitative cation influx in human platelets by promoting sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase-dependent refilling of Ca2+ stores. Circ Res 1999; 84:201-9. [PMID: 9933252 DOI: 10.1161/01.res.84.2.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a potent inhibitor of thrombin-induced increase in cytoplasmic free Ca2+ concentration and aggregation in platelets, but the precise mechanism of this inhibition is unclear. To measure Ca2+/Mn2+ influx in intact platelets and to monitor Ca2+ uptake into the stores in permeabilized platelets, fura-2 was used. In intact platelets, maximal capacitative Ca2+ and Mn2+ influx developed rapidly (within 30 s) after fast release of Ca2+ from the stores with thrombin (0.5 U/mL) or slowly (within 5 to 10 minutes) following passive Ca2+ leak caused by inhibition of sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) with 30 micromol/L 2,5-di-(tert-butyl)-1,4-benzohydroquinone (BHQ). NO (1 micromol/L) inhibited capacitative Ca2+ and Mn2+ influx independently of the time after thrombin application. In contrast, the effect of NO on BHQ-induced Ca2+ and Mn2+ influx was observed only during the first few minutes after BHQ application and completely disappeared when capacitative cation influx reached its maximum. In Ca2+-free medium, NO reduced the peak Ca2+ rise caused by thrombin and significantly promoted Ca2+ back-sequestration into the stores. Both effects disappeared in the presence of BHQ. Inhibition of guanylate cyclase with H-(1,2,4) oxadiazolo(4,3-a) quinoxallin-1-one (10 micromol/L) attenuated but did not prevent the effects of NO on cytoplasmic free Ca2+ concentration. Inhibition of Ca2+ uptake by mitochondria did not change the effects of NO. In permeabilized platelets, NO accelerated back-sequestration of Ca2+ into the stores after inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate-induced Ca2+ release or after addition of Ca2+ (1 micromol/L) in the absence of inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate. The effect of NO depended on the initial rate of Ca2+ uptake and on the concentration of ATP and was abolished by BHQ, indicating the direct involvement of SERCA. These data strongly support the hypothesis that NO inhibits store-operated cation influx in human platelets indirectly via acceleration of SERCA-dependent refilling of Ca2+ stores.
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Affiliation(s)
- E S Trepakova
- Vascular Biology Unit, Department of Medicine, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
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Stewart AG, Phan LH, Grigoriadis G. Physiological and pathophysiological roles of nitric oxide. Microsurgery 1994; 15:693-702. [PMID: 7533876 DOI: 10.1002/micr.1920151006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO), identified as the biochemical messenger of endothelial-dependent relaxation, is of obvious chemical simplicity, but the range and complexity of its biological actions are only now emerging. NO is an important determinant of vascular resistance, it reduces thrombogenicity of the vascular endothelium, contributes to non-specific, host-defence mechanisms, and is a neurotransmitter in the peripheral and central nervous systems. In addition to these physiological roles, there is now convincing evidence that excessive, prolonged production of NO contributes to tissue damage in septicemia, ischemia/reperfusion injury, and other inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A G Stewart
- Microsurgery Research Centre, St. Vincent's Hospital, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
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Pearson PJ, Vanhoutte PM. Vasodilator and vasoconstrictor substances produced by the endothelium. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 1993; 122:1-67. [PMID: 8265963 DOI: 10.1007/bfb0035273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- P J Pearson
- Department of Surgery, Virginia Mason Hospital, Seattle, WA 98111
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