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Juhl M, Petersen AR, Lee JW. CO 2 -Enabled Cyanohydrin Synthesis and Facile Iterative Homologation Reactions*. Chemistry 2021; 27:228-232. [PMID: 32812672 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Thermodynamic and kinetic control of a chemical process is the key to access desired products and states. Changes are made when a desired product is not accessible; one may manipulate the reaction with additional reagents, catalysts and/or protecting groups. Here we report the use of carbon dioxide to accelerate cyanohydrin synthesis under neutral conditions with an insoluble cyanide source (KCN) without generating toxic HCN. Under inert atmosphere, the reaction is essentially not operative due to the unfavored equilibrium. The utility of CO2 -mediated selective cyanohydrin synthesis was further showcased by broadening Kiliani-Fischer synthesis under neutral conditions. This protocol offers an easy access to a variety of polyols, cyanohydrins, linear alkylnitriles, by simply starting from alkyl- and arylaldehydes, KCN and an atmospheric pressure of CO2 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Juhl
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Allan R Petersen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ji-Woong Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
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2
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Rossi R, Angelici G, Casotti G, Manzini C, Lessi M. Catalytic Synthesis of 1,2,4,5‐Tetrasubstituted 1
H
‐Imidazole Derivatives: State of the Art. Adv Synth Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201801381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Renzo Rossi
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica IndustrialeUniversity of Pisa via G. Moruzzi 13 56124 Pisa Italy
| | - Gaetano Angelici
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica IndustrialeUniversity of Pisa via G. Moruzzi 13 56124 Pisa Italy
| | - Gianluca Casotti
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica IndustrialeUniversity of Pisa via G. Moruzzi 13 56124 Pisa Italy
| | - Chiara Manzini
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica IndustrialeUniversity of Pisa via G. Moruzzi 13 56124 Pisa Italy
| | - Marco Lessi
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica IndustrialeUniversity of Pisa via G. Moruzzi 13 56124 Pisa Italy
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3
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A simple separation method for (S)-hydroxynitrile lyase from cassava and its application in asymmetric cyanohydrination. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2013.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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4
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Brovetto M, Gamenara D, Méndez PS, Seoane GA. C-C bond-forming lyases in organic synthesis. Chem Rev 2011; 111:4346-403. [PMID: 21417217 DOI: 10.1021/cr100299p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Brovetto
- Grupo de Fisicoquímica Orgánica y Bioprocesos, Departamento de Química Orgánica, DETEMA, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República (UdelaR), Gral. Flores 2124, 11800 Montevideo, Uruguay
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5
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North M, Usanov DL, Young C. Lewis acid catalyzed asymmetric cyanohydrin synthesis. Chem Rev 2009; 108:5146-226. [PMID: 19067648 DOI: 10.1021/cr800255k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 286] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael North
- School of Chemistry, Bedson Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, United Kingdom.
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6
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Effenberger F, Schwämmle A. Preparation of (S)-Cyanohydrins by Enantioselective Cleavage of Racemic Cyanohydrins with (R)-Hydroxynitrile Lyase. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2009. [DOI: 10.3109/10242429709106884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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7
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Reingruber R, Baumann T, Dahmen S, Bräse S. Use of the Chiral Pool - Practical Asymmetric Organocatalytic Strecker Reaction with Quinine. Adv Synth Catal 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.200800798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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8
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Bose DS, Sunder KS. A Simple Method for the Synthesis of Nitriles from Primary Amides Under Neutral Conditions. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/00397919908085896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Subhas Bose
- a Organic Chemistry Division III Indian Institute of Chemical Technology , Hyderabad, 500 007, India
| | - K. Sugnana Sunder
- a Organic Chemistry Division III Indian Institute of Chemical Technology , Hyderabad, 500 007, India
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Purkarthofer T, Skranc W, Schuster C, Griengl H. Potential and capabilities of hydroxynitrile lyases as biocatalysts in the chemical industry. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2007; 76:309-20. [PMID: 17607575 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-007-1025-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2007] [Revised: 05/02/2007] [Accepted: 05/21/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The application of hydroxynitrile lyases (HNLs) as catalysts for the stereoselective condensation of HCN with carbonyl compounds has been reported as early as 1908. This enzymatic C-C bond coupling reaction furnishes enantiopure cyanohydrins which serve as versatile bifunctional building blocks for chemical synthesis. Screening of natural sources led to the discovery of both (R)- and (S)-selective HNLs, and several distinctly different classes of these enzymes with substantial differences concerning sequence, structure, and mechanism have been found. Especially during the last two centuries, HNLs have been developed into valuable biocatalysts, which can be produced in recombinant form by overexpression in microbial hosts, resulting in the implementation of industrial processes utilizing these enzymes. Recently, protein engineering in combination with in silico methods gave rise to the development of a tailor-made HNL for large-scale manufacturing of a specific target cyanohydrin.
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Beaufort-Droal V, Pereira E, Théry V, Aitken DJ. Preparation of non-racemic single-stereocentre α-aminonitriles and a study of their fate in Bruylants reactions. Tetrahedron 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2006.09.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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11
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Dewan SK, Singh R, Kumar A. One‐Pot Synthesis of Nitriles from Aldehydes and Hydroxylamine Hydrochloride over Silica Gel, Montmorillonites K‐10, and KSF Catalysts in Dry Media Under Microwave Irradiation. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2006. [DOI: 10.1081/scc-120037915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sharwan K. Dewan
- a Department of Chemistry , M.D. University , Rohtak, Haryana, 124001, India
| | - Ravinder Singh
- a Department of Chemistry , M.D. University , Rohtak, Haryana, 124001, India
| | - Anil Kumar
- a Department of Chemistry , M.D. University , Rohtak, Haryana, 124001, India
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12
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An efficient synthesis of chiral terminal 1,2-diamines using an enantiomerically pure [1-(1′R)-methylbenzyl]aziridine-2-yl]methanol. Tetrahedron 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2006.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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13
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Denmark SE, Chung WJ. Lewis Base Catalyzed Addition of Trimethylsilyl Cyanide to Aldehydes. J Org Chem 2006; 71:4002-5. [PMID: 16674085 DOI: 10.1021/jo060153q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A variety of achiral Lewis bases were found to catalyze the addition of TMSCN to the aldehydes. Among them, phosphines and amines were the most efficient catalysts. In addition, several chiral amines and phosphines were examined in a catalytic, asymmetric addition of TMSCN to benzaldehyde albeit with low enantioselectivity. A mechanistic study revealed that the reaction was first order in aldehyde, first order in Lewis base, and zeroth order in TMSCN, suggesting the complex formation of TMSCN and Lewis base formation of complex i. However, there are at least two possible scenarios for this catalytic process, and in view of the low selectivities observed, it is not clear which mechanism is operative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott E Denmark
- Department of Chemistry, Roger Adams Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.
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Wang Y, Liu X, Deng L. Dual-Function Cinchona Alkaloid Catalysis: Catalytic Asymmetric Tandem Conjugate Addition−Protonation for the Direct Creation of Nonadjacent Stereocenters. J Am Chem Soc 2006; 128:3928-30. [PMID: 16551098 DOI: 10.1021/ja060312n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Catalytic tandem asymmetric reactions constitute a powerful strategy for the asymmetric construction of nonadjacent stereocenters in acyclic molecules directly from achiral precursors. In this Communication, we report a highly enantioselective and diastereoselective addition of trisubstituted carbon donors to 2-chloroacrylonitrile catalyzed by bifunctional cinchona alkaloid catalysts. This represents the first asymmetric tandem conjugate addition-protonation with efficient catalytic control of two nonadjacent stereocenters. As demonstrated in a concise and highly stereoselective formal total synthesis of (-)-manzacidin A, this asymmetric tandem reaction establishes a new and versatile catalytic approach for the enantioselective and diastereoselective creation of 1,3-tertiary-quaternary stereocenters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454-9110, USA
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16
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Domínguez L, van Nhien AN, Tomassi C, Len C, Postel D, Marco-Contelles J. Synthesis of 4-Amino-5-H-2,3-dihydroisothiazole-1,1-dioxide Ring Systems on Sugar Templates via Carbanion-Mediated Sulfonamide Intramolecular Cyclization Reactions (CSIC Protocols) of Glyco-α-sulfonamidonitriles. J Org Chem 2004; 69:843-56. [PMID: 14750814 DOI: 10.1021/jo035301g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The carbanion-mediated sulfonate intramolecular cyclizations (CSIC protocols) of glyco-alpha-sulfonamidonitriles derived from readily available monosaccharides have been extensively investigated using potassium carbonate, cesium carbonate, n-BuLi, and LDA as bases. As a result, a series of enantiomerically pure spiro(4-amino-5-H-2,3-dihydroisothiazole-1,1-dioxide) derivatives have been prepared efficiently and isolated in good yield. The synthesis of these new bicyclic systems is key to accessing a novel range of aza analogues of TSAO nucleosides (ATSAOs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Domínguez
- Laboratorio de Radicales Libres, Instituto de Química Orgánica General, CSIC, C/Juan de la Cierva, 3, 28006-Madrid, Spain
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17
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Mellin-Morlière C, Aitken DJ, Bull SD, Davies SG, Husson HP. A practical asymmetric synthesis of homochiral α-arylglycines. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0957-4166(01)00022-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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18
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Abstract
(R)- as well as (S)-cyanohydrins are now easily available as a result of the excellent accessibility, the relatively high stability and the easy handling of hydroxynitrile lyases (HNLs). The optimization of reaction conditions (solvent, temperature, and using site-directed mutagenesis, etc.) has enabled HNL-catalyzed preparations of optically active cyanohydrins on a technical scale. The enantioselectivity of chiral metal-complex-catalyzed additions of trimethylsilyl cyanide to aldehydes has been improved, but is, by far, not yet competitive with the HNL-catalyzed reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Effenberger
- Institut für Organische Chemie der Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
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19
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Bose DS, Kumar KK. TrocCl Mediated Efficient Synthesis of Nitriles from Primary Amides. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2000. [DOI: 10.1080/00397910008087453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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20
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Postel D, Nguyen Van Nhien A, Pillon M, Villa P, Ronco G. Stereoselective synthesis of α-aminonitriles at non-anomeric positions of monosaccharides. Tetrahedron Lett 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)01090-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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21
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Busacca CA, Grossbach D, Spinelli E. A convenient synthesis of (1S)-tert-butyl-1,2-ethylenediamine. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0957-4166(00)00145-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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22
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23
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Bose DS, Jayalakshmi B. Reagents for Organic Synthesis: Use of Organostannyl Oxides as Catalytic Neutral Agents in the Preparation of Nitriles from Primary Amides under Microwave Irradiation. J Org Chem 1999; 64:1713-1714. [PMID: 11674242 DOI: 10.1021/jo981839o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Subhas Bose
- Organic Chemistry Division III, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500 007, India
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Merino P, Lanaspa A, Merchan FL, Tejero T. Diastereoselective Hydrocyanation of Chiral Nitrones. Synthesis of Novel alpha-(Hydroxyamino) Nitriles. J Org Chem 1996; 61:9028-9032. [PMID: 11667891 DOI: 10.1021/jo961293a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. Merino
- Departamento de Quimica Organica, ICMA, Universidad de Zaragoza, CSIC, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain
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Molina P, López-Leonardo C, Llamas-Botía J, Foces-Foces C, Fernández-Castaño C. Unexpected Staudinger reaction of α-azidoacetonitriles α-phenyl substituted with triphenylphosphine. Preparation, X-ray crystal and molecular structures of a phosphazine, an aminophosphonium carbanion salt and a phosphazide, with (Z)-configuration. Tetrahedron 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0040-4020(96)00499-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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28
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Somsák L, Sós E, Györgydeák Z, Praly JP, Descotes G. Synthesis and some transformations of 1-azido-glycopyranosyl cyanides-precursors of anomeric α-amino acids. Tetrahedron 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0040-4020(96)00440-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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