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Li K, Wang H, Brant CO, Ahn S, Li W. Multiplex quantification of lamprey specific bile acid derivatives in environmental water using UHPLC–MS/MS. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2011; 879:3879-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2011.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2011] [Revised: 10/25/2011] [Accepted: 10/28/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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2
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Quillfeldt P, Poisbleau M, Parenteau C, Trouvé C, Demongin L, van Noordwijk HJ, Möstl E. Measuring corticosterone in seabird egg yolk and the presence of high yolk gestagen concentrations. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2011; 173:11-4. [PMID: 21640119 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2011.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2011] [Revised: 05/11/2011] [Accepted: 05/15/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Large inter-species differences have been found in yolk corticosterone amounts in avian eggs. While some studies have failed to detect significant amounts of corticosterone, in other species high amounts have been recorded, such as in a recent study of southern rockhopper penguins Eudyptes chrysocome chrysocome. However, attention has been drawn recently to the fact that many antibodies for corticosterone measurement cross-react with other steroids present in the yolk. In particular, progesterone and related substances can occur in yolk in high concentrations, such that also low cross-reactions of corticosterone assays may lead to measurement errors. We thus performed high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) analyses of yolk extracts and determined the concentration of immunoreactive corticosterone, as well as cross-reacting progesterone and cortisol in egg yolks of southern rockhopper penguins and imperial shags Phalacrocorax atriceps albiventer. We found that high gestagen concentrations in the yolk result in large measurement errors for yolk corticosterone, even when the cross-reactivity seems small. This was observed for both species. We further found species-specific differences in the actual corticosterone amounts present in the egg yolks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Quillfeldt
- Max-Planck-Institut für Ornithologie, Vogelwarte Radolfzell, Radolfzell, Germany.
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Abstract
Most steroid disorders of the adrenal cortex come to clinical attention in childhood and in order to investigate these problems, there are many challenges to the laboratory which need to be appreciated to a certain extent by clinicians. The analysis of sex steroids in biological fluids from neonates, over adrenarche and puberty present challenges of specificities and concentrations often in small sample sizes. Different reference ranges are also needed for interpretations. For around 40 years, quantitative assays for the steroids and their regulatory peptide hormones have been possible using immunoassay techniques. Problems are recognised and this review aims to summarise the benefits and failings of immunoassays and introduce where tandem mass spectrometry is anticipated to meet the clinical needs for steroid analysis in paediatric endocrine investigations. It is important to keep a dialogue between clinicians and the laboratory, especially when any laboratory result does not make sense in the clinical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Honour
- Clinical Biochemistry, University College London Hospitals, London, England.
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Persichilli S, Gervasoni J, Iavarone F, Zuppi C. A simple liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for urinary free cortisol analysis: suitable for routine purpose. Clin Chem Lab Med 2010; 48:1433-7. [DOI: 10.1515/cclm.2010.282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Gatti R, Antonelli G, Prearo M, Spinella P, Cappellin E, De Palo EF. Cortisol assays and diagnostic laboratory procedures in human biological fluids. Clin Biochem 2009; 42:1205-17. [PMID: 19414006 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2009.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2008] [Revised: 04/23/2009] [Accepted: 04/27/2009] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The overview of cortisol physiology, action and pathology is achieved in relation to the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis alteration by laboratory investigation. The measurements of cortisol and related compound levels in blood, urine and saliva used to study the physiological and pathological cortisol involvement, are critically reviewed. The immunoassay and chromatographic methods for cortisol measurement in the various biological fluids are examined in relation to their analytical performances, reference ranges and diagnostic specificity and sensitivity. Moreover, blood, urine and saliva cortisol level measurements are described taking into account the diagnostic implications. The deduction is that each method requires the definition of its own reference range and its related diagnostic cut-off levels. Thus, this review, stressing the analysis procedures, could help to understand and compare the results of the different assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalba Gatti
- Department of Medical Diagnostic and Spec. Ther., University of Padova (I), Italy
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Sun L, Stenken JA, Yang AY, Zhao JJ, Musson DG. An in vitro microdialysis methodology to study 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 enzyme activity in liver microsomes. Anal Biochem 2007; 370:26-37. [PMID: 17765862 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2007.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2007] [Revised: 06/15/2007] [Accepted: 06/22/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Microdialysis sampling coupled with liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC/ESI-MS/MS) was used to observe in vitro 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (HSD1) enzyme-catalyzed conversion of stable-isotope-labeled cortisone to cortisol in liver microsomes from dog, monkey, and human. Experimental conditions that would affect the microdialysis sampling approach including probe length, perfusion fluid flow rate, extraction efficiency (E(d)), substrate concentration, and enzyme reaction conditions were evaluated. Dialysates containing high salt concentrations (>150 mM) were directly assayed using LC/MS/MS without additional sample cleanup. The sensitivity (with lower level of quantitation at 0.1 ng/mL) and selectivity of this assay allowed detection of the enzyme reactants at physiologically relevant levels. The interconversion from M+4 cortisone to M+4 cortisol was detected in dog, human, and monkey liver microsomes. Results show species-specific reaction profiles, with a five times higher conversion rate in dog liver microsomes than in human and monkey liver microsomes. Based on M+4 cortisol production rate obtained using a microdialysis infusion of M+4 cortisone to the microsomes coincubated with a proprietary 11beta-HSD1 inhibitor of different concentrations, the degrees of enzyme inhibition were found to be 40 and 85%, consistent with values obtained by a traditional in vitro incubation method. The microdialysis sampling methodology with LC/MS/MS provided extensive information about 11beta-HSD1 activities in microsomes from different mammalian species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Sun
- WP75A-303, Drug Metabolism Department, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, PA 19486, USA.
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Sapin R, Schlienger JL, Gasser F, Pradignac A, Grucker D. Improved specificity of a new direct assay for urinary cortisol: application in corticoid treated patients. Clin Chem Lab Med 1998; 36:855-8. [PMID: 9877091 DOI: 10.1515/cclm.1998.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Twenty four hours urinary free cortisol (UFC) excretion has been determined in 35 eucortisolic control patients, in seven of them before and after tetracosactide (Synacthen) stimulation and in 18 patients treated by anti-inflammatory steroids. Results of the new direct Immunotech RIA (DIm) were compared to those of the INCSTAR RIA kit with (ECA) or without methylene chloride extraction (DCA). In controls DIm UFC (106.2+/-45.8 nmol/24h) was significantly lower than DCA UFC (397+/-119 nmol/24h) and than ECA UFC (127+/-49 nmol/24h). After tetracosactide stimulation, median of DCA/DIm ratio decreased from 3.61 to 1.88 whereas ECA/DIm ratio did not change significantly (1.31 to 1.06). In treated patients most DCA and ECA results were over the upper limit of controls but only 5 DIm results were increased. DIm assay showed good specificity and practicability and may be used with benefit in the evaluation of the adrenal gland function.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Sapin
- Laboratoire Universitaire de Biophysique, CNRS UPRES-A 7004, Université Louis Pasteur, Faculté de Médecine, Strasbourg, France
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Hay M, Mormède P. Improved determination of urinary cortisol and cortisone, or corticosterone and 11-dehydrocorticosterone by high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet absorbance detection. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY. B, BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS 1997; 702:33-9. [PMID: 9449553 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(97)00361-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A sensitive assay was developed for the determination of low levels of free (unconjugated) glucocorticoids in human, swine (cortisol and cortisone) and rat urine (corticosterone and 11-dehydrocorticosterone), using solid-phase extraction and HPLC with UV absorbance detection (254 nm). Precise quantitation is allowed by the use of internal standards (dexamethasone for swine urine and Reichstein's substance S for rat urine). This simple method allows the use of small urine samples (less than 2 ml), and is suitable for a wide range of applications in human and animal clinical and physiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hay
- Laboratoire de Génétique du Stress, INSERM-INRA, Institut François Magendie, Bordeaux, France
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Morineau G, Gosling J, Patricot MC, Soliman H, Boudou P, Halnak AA, Le Brun G, Brérault JL, Julien R, Villette JM, Fiet J. Convenient chromatographic prepurification step before measurement of urinary cortisol by radioimmunoassay. Clin Chem 1997. [DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/43.5.786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
We applied various prepurification protocols (extraction with different solvents, liquid/solid separation on bonded silica media, Celite, and Sephadex LH20 chromatography) with a range of commercially available RIA kits to measure cortisol in urine samples. We then compared the results with the concentrations measured by a HPLC method validated with reference to isotope dilution gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. We conclude that chromatography on a commercial, prepacked diol minicolumn (Waters™ Sep-Pak Vac RC) in combination with dichloromethane extraction is a convenient and very effective purification step before RIA of urinary cortisol in patients not receiving corticoid medication. We tested numerous steroids for interference and found that free polar cortisol derivatives (hydroxylated or hydrogenated) could only partially account for the overestimations routinely encountered when free urinary cortisol concentrations are measured by direct RIA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilles Morineau
- Laboratoire de Biologie Hormonale, Hôpital Saint-Louis, 75010 Paris, France
| | - James Gosling
- Department of Biochemistry and National Diagnostics Centre, University College, Galway, Ireland
| | - Marie-Claude Patricot
- Laboratoire d’Hormonologie, bâtiment 3B, Centre hospitalier Lyon-Sud, 69495 Pierre-Benite cedex, France
| | - Hany Soliman
- Laboratoire de Biologie Hormonale, Hôpital Saint-Louis, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Philippe Boudou
- Laboratoire de Biologie Hormonale, Hôpital Saint-Louis, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Akram Al Halnak
- Laboratoire de Biologie Hormonale, Hôpital Saint-Louis, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Gaëlle Le Brun
- Laboratoire de Biologie Hormonale, Hôpital Saint-Louis, 75010 Paris, France
| | | | - René Julien
- Laboratoire de Biologie Hormonale, Hôpital Saint-Louis, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Marie Villette
- Laboratoire de Biologie Hormonale, Hôpital Saint-Louis, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Jean Fiet
- Laboratoire de Biologie Hormonale, Hôpital Saint-Louis, 75010 Paris, France
- Laboratoire de Biochimie, Faculté de pharmacie, 75006 Paris, France
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Honour
- Department of Chemical Pathology, University College London Medical School, Middlesex Hospital, U.K
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