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Sun M, Zhou Y, Wang Y, Qiao X, Wang J, Zhang J. Heterogeneous Reaction of Peroxyacetyl Nitrate on Real-World PM 2.5 Aerosols: Kinetics, Influencing Factors, and Atmospheric Implications. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:9325-9334. [PMID: 35704858 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c03050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The formation and decomposition of peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN), an important atmospheric nitrogen oxide reservoir, can impact the level and cycling of free radicals and nitrogen compounds in the atmosphere. PAN sinks are poorly understood, highlighting the importance of elucidating the heterogeneous reaction of PAN on aerosol surfaces. Here, we report for the first time the uptake behavior, kinetics, and potential mechanism of PAN uptake on real-world aerosol PM2.5 using a flow tube system. The uptake coefficients (γ) of PAN increased non-linearly from (1.5 ± 0.7) × 10-5 at 0% relative humidity (RH) to (9.3 ± 2.0) × 10-5 at 80% RH. The γ decrease with increasing initial PAN concentration is consistent with the Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism. Organic components of aerosols may promote heterogeneous loss of PAN through redox reactions. Higher γ occurs with higher water content, lower pH, and lower ionic strength in the aqueous phase of aerosols. The present study suggests that heterogeneous reaction of PAN on ambient aerosols plays a non-negligible role in the atmospheric PAN budget and provides new insights into the role of PAN in promoting atmospheric oxidation capacity during hazy periods with cold and wet weather conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Sun
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Ying Zhou
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yifei Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xueqi Qiao
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich 8093, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Advanced Analytical Technologies, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland
| | - Jianbo Zhang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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Li Z, Xie G, Chen H, Zhan B, Wang L, Mu Y, Mellouki A, Chen J. Characterization of peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) under different PM 2.5 concentration in wintertime at a North China rural site. J Environ Sci (China) 2022; 114:221-232. [PMID: 35459488 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2021.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
As a secondary pollutant of photochemical pollution, peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) has attracted a close attention. A four-month campaign was conducted at a rural site in North China Plain (NCP) including the measurement of PAN, O3, NOx, PM2.5, oxygenated volatile organic compounds (OVOCs), photolysis rate constants of NO2 and O3 and meteorological parameters to investigate the wintertime characterization of photochemistry from November 2018 to February 2019. The results showed that the maximum and mean values of PAN were 4.38 and 0.93 ± 0.67 ppbv during the campaign, respectively. The PAN under different PM2.5 concentrations from below 75 μg/m3 up to 250 μg/m3, showed different diurnal variation and formation rate. In the PM2.5 concentration range of above 250 μg/m3, PAN had the largest daily mean value of 0.64 ppbv and the fastest production rate of 0.33 ppbv/hr. From the perspective of PAN's production mechanism, the light intensity and precursors concentrations under different PM2.5 pollution levels indicated that there were sufficient light intensity and high volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and NOx precursors concentration even under severe pollution level to generate a large amount of PAN. Moreover, the bimodal staggering phenomenon of PAN and PM2.5 provided a basis that PAN might aggravate haze through secondary organic aerosols (SOA) formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoyu Li
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan Tyndall Center, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Guangzhao Xie
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan Tyndall Center, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan Tyndall Center, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Bixin Zhan
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan Tyndall Center, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan Tyndall Center, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yujing Mu
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Abdelwahid Mellouki
- Institut de Combustion, Aérothermique, Réactivité et Environnement, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 45071 Orléans cedex 02, France
| | - Jianmin Chen
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan Tyndall Center, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China; Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
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Zhu H, Gao T, Zhang J. Wintertime characteristic of peroxyacetyl nitrate in the Chengyu district of southwestern China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:23143-23156. [PMID: 29860696 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2412-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric concentrations of peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) were measured in Ziyang in December 2012 to provide basic knowledge of PAN in the Chengyu district and offer recommendations for air pollution management. The PAN pollution was relatively severe in Ziyang in winter, with the maximum and average PAN concentrations of 1.61 and 0.55 ppbv, respectively, and a typical single-peak diurnal trend in PAN and theoretical PAN lost by thermal decomposition (TPAN) were observed. PAN and O3 concentrations were correlated (R2 = 0.52) and the ratios of daily maximum PAN to O3 ([PAN]/[O3] ratio) ranged from 0.013 to 0.108, with an average of 0.038. Both acetone and methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) were essential for producing the acetylperoxy radicals (PA) and subsequently PAN in Ziyang in winter, and PAN concentrations at the sampling site exhibited more sensitivity to volatile organic compound (VOC) concentrations than nitrogen oxide (NOx) levels. Therefore, management should focus on reducing VOCs emissions, in particular those that produce acetone and MEK through photolysis and oxidizing reactions. In addition, the influence of relative humidity (RH) on the heterogeneous reactions between PAN and PM2.5 in the atmospheric environment may have led to the strong correlation between observed PM2.5 and PAN in Ziyang in winter. Furthermore, a typical air pollution event was observed on 17-18 December 2012, which Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) and PSCF simulations suggest that it was caused by the local formation and the regional transport of polluted air masses from Hanzhong, Nanchong, and Chengdu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglin Zhu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Haidian District, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Tianyu Gao
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Haidian District, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jianbo Zhang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Haidian District, Beijing, 100871, China.
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Zhao X, Gao T, Zhang J. Heterogeneous reaction of peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) on soot. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 177:339-346. [PMID: 28319888 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The interaction between photochemical oxidants and aerosol particles has been examined in previous atmospheric pollution studies. The heterogeneous reaction can affect the concentration of gases and free radicals, as well as the morphology and properties of particles. In this report, the interaction between the photochemical oxidant peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) and soot particles was investigated using a flow tube system. We used real-time online monitoring equipment to track changes in PAN concentrations. Substances on the soot surface were detected using ion chromatography (IC), x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and other surface analysis methods. At 295 K, the upper and lower limits of the initial uptake coefficients were 1.28 × 10-5 and 9.16 × 10-9, respectively. The heterogeneous reaction of PAN on soot was a first-order reaction to PAN under both dry and wet conditions. The products formed on soot included CH3COO-, HCOO-, NO2-, and NO3-. With an increase in relative humidity, the production of all species decreased and the relative amounts changed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ximeng Zhao
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Tianyu Gao
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jianbo Zhang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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Doussin J, Picquet-Varrault B, Durand-Jolibois R, Loirat H, Carlier P. A visible and FTIR spectrometric study of the nighttime chemistry of acetaldehyde and PAN under simulated atmospheric conditions. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s1010-6030(03)00060-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Hara K, Osada K, Hayashi M, Matsunaga K, Shibata T, Iwasaka Y, Furuya K. Fractionation of inorganic nitrates in winter Arctic troposphere: Coarse aerosol particles containing inorganic nitrates. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jd900348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Prasad SS, Zipf EC, Zhao X. Potential atmospheric sources and sinks of nitrous oxide: 3. Consistency with the observed distributions of the mixing ratios. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1029/97jd00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Zhang R, Leu MT. Heterogeneous interaction of peroxyacetyl nitrate with liquid sulfuric acid. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1029/97jd00131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Seefeld S, Kinnison DJ, Kerr JA. Relative Rate Study of the Reactions of Acetylperoxy Radicals with NO and NO2: Peroxyacetyl Nitrate Formation under Laboratory Conditions Related to the Troposphere. J Phys Chem A 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/jp962266r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Seefeld
- EAWAG, Swiss Federal Institute for Environmental Science and Technology, ETH Zürich, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - David J. Kinnison
- EAWAG, Swiss Federal Institute for Environmental Science and Technology, ETH Zürich, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - J. Alistair Kerr
- EAWAG, Swiss Federal Institute for Environmental Science and Technology, ETH Zürich, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
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