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Katsumura KR, Liu P, Kim JA, Mehta C, Bresnick EH. Pathogenic GATA2 genetic variants utilize an obligate enhancer mechanism to distort a multilineage differentiation program. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2317147121. [PMID: 38422019 PMCID: PMC10927522 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2317147121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Mutations in genes encoding transcription factors inactivate or generate ectopic activities to instigate pathogenesis. By disrupting hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells, GATA2 germline variants create a bone marrow failure and leukemia predisposition, GATA2 deficiency syndrome, yet mechanisms underlying the complex phenotypic constellation are unresolved. We used a GATA2-deficient progenitor rescue system to analyze how genetic variation influences GATA2 functions. Pathogenic variants impaired, without abrogating, GATA2-dependent transcriptional regulation. Variants promoted eosinophil and repressed monocytic differentiation without regulating mast cell and erythroid differentiation. While GATA2 and T354M required the DNA-binding C-terminal zinc finger, T354M disproportionately required the N-terminal finger and N terminus. GATA2 and T354M activated a CCAAT/Enhancer Binding Protein-ε (C/EBPε) enhancer, creating a feedforward loop operating with the T-cell Acute Lymphocyte Leukemia-1 (TAL1) transcription factor. Elevating C/EBPε partially normalized hematopoietic defects of GATA2-deficient progenitors. Thus, pathogenic germline variation discriminatively spares or compromises transcription factor attributes, and retaining an obligate enhancer mechanism distorts a multilineage differentiation program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi R. Katsumura
- Wisconsin Blood Cancer Research Institute, Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI53705
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI53705
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI53705
- Cancer Informatics Shared Resource, Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI53705
| | - Jeong-ah Kim
- Wisconsin Blood Cancer Research Institute, Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI53705
| | - Charu Mehta
- Wisconsin Blood Cancer Research Institute, Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI53705
| | - Emery H. Bresnick
- Wisconsin Blood Cancer Research Institute, Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI53705
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2
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Jung MM, Shen S, Botten GA, Olender T, Katsumura KR, Johnson KD, Soukup AA, Liu P, Zhang Q, Jensvold ZD, Lewis PW, Beagrie RA, Low JK, Yang L, Mackay JP, Godley LA, Brand M, Xu J, Keles S, Bresnick EH. Pathogenic human variant that dislocates GATA2 zinc fingers disrupts hematopoietic gene expression and signaling networks. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e162685. [PMID: 36809258 PMCID: PMC10065080 DOI: 10.1172/jci162685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Although certain human genetic variants are conspicuously loss of function, decoding the impact of many variants is challenging. Previously, we described a patient with leukemia predisposition syndrome (GATA2 deficiency) with a germline GATA2 variant that inserts 9 amino acids between the 2 zinc fingers (9aa-Ins). Here, we conducted mechanistic analyses using genomic technologies and a genetic rescue system with Gata2 enhancer-mutant hematopoietic progenitor cells to compare how GATA2 and 9aa-Ins function genome-wide. Despite nuclear localization, 9aa-Ins was severely defective in occupying and remodeling chromatin and regulating transcription. Variation of the inter-zinc finger spacer length revealed that insertions were more deleterious to activation than repression. GATA2 deficiency generated a lineage-diverting gene expression program and a hematopoiesis-disrupting signaling network in progenitors with reduced granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and elevated IL-6 signaling. As insufficient GM-CSF signaling caused pulmonary alveolar proteinosis and excessive IL-6 signaling promoted bone marrow failure and GATA2 deficiency patient phenotypes, these results provide insight into mechanisms underlying GATA2-linked pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mabel Minji Jung
- Wisconsin Blood Cancer Research Institute, Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, Carbone Cancer Center, and
| | - Siqi Shen
- Department of Biostatistics and Biomedical Informatics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Giovanni A. Botten
- Children’s Medical Center Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Thomas Olender
- Sprott Center for Stem Cell Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute–General Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Koichi R. Katsumura
- Wisconsin Blood Cancer Research Institute, Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, Carbone Cancer Center, and
| | - Kirby D. Johnson
- Wisconsin Blood Cancer Research Institute, Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, Carbone Cancer Center, and
| | - Alexandra A. Soukup
- Wisconsin Blood Cancer Research Institute, Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, Carbone Cancer Center, and
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Biostatistics and Biomedical Informatics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Qingzhou Zhang
- Sprott Center for Stem Cell Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute–General Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zena D. Jensvold
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Peter W. Lewis
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Robert A. Beagrie
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jason K.K. Low
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lihua Yang
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Joel P. Mackay
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lucy A. Godley
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Marjorie Brand
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Jian Xu
- Children’s Medical Center Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Sunduz Keles
- Department of Biostatistics and Biomedical Informatics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Emery H. Bresnick
- Wisconsin Blood Cancer Research Institute, Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, Carbone Cancer Center, and
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Hamza E, Vallejo-Mudarra M, Ouled-Haddou H, García-Caballero C, Guerrero-Hue M, Santier L, Rayego-Mateos S, Larabi IA, Alvarez JC, Garçon L, Massy ZA, Choukroun G, Moreno JA, Metzinger L, Meuth VML. Indoxyl sulfate impairs erythropoiesis at BFU-E stage in chronic kidney disease. Cell Signal 2023; 104:110583. [PMID: 36596353 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2022.110583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global health condition characterized by a progressive deterioration of kidney function. It is associated with high serum levels of uremic toxins (UT), such as Indoxyl Sulfate (IS), which may participate in the genesis of several uremic complications. Anemia is one of the major complications in CKD patients that contribute to cardiovascular disease, increase morbi-mortality, and is associated with a deterioration of kidney failure in these patients. Our study aimed to characterize the impact of IS on CKD-related erythropoiesis. Using cellular and pre-clinical models, we studied cellular and molecular effects of IS on the growth and differentiation of erythroid cells. First, we examined the effect of clinically relevant concentrations of IS (up to 250 μM) in the UT7/EPO cell line. IS at 250 μM increased apoptosis of UT7/EPO cells at 48 h compared to the control condition. We confirmed this apoptotic effect of IS in erythropoiesis in human primary CD34+ cells during the later stages of erythropoiesis. Then, in IS-treated human primary CD34+ cells and in a (5/6 Nx) mice model, a blockage at the burst-forming unit-erythroid (BFU-E) stage of erythropoiesis was also observed. Finally, IS deregulates a number of erythropoietic related genes such as GATA-1, Erythropoietin-Receptor (EPO-R), and β-globin. Our findings suggest that IS could affect cell viability and differentiation of erythroid progenitors by altering erythropoiesis and contributing to the development of anemia in CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eya Hamza
- HEMATIM UR 4666, C.U.R.S, University of Picardie Jules Verne, CEDEX 1, 80025, Amiens, France
| | - Mercedes Vallejo-Mudarra
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), UGC Nephrology, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Hakim Ouled-Haddou
- HEMATIM UR 4666, C.U.R.S, University of Picardie Jules Verne, CEDEX 1, 80025, Amiens, France
| | - Cristina García-Caballero
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), UGC Nephrology, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Melania Guerrero-Hue
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), UGC Nephrology, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Laure Santier
- HEMATIM UR 4666, C.U.R.S, University of Picardie Jules Verne, CEDEX 1, 80025, Amiens, France
| | - Sandra Rayego-Mateos
- Cellular Biology in Renal Diseases Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, Spain
| | - Islam Amine Larabi
- Service de Pharmacologie-Toxicologie, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaires AP-HP, Paris-Saclay, Hôpital Raymond Poincaré, FHU Sepsis, 92380 Garches, France; MasSpecLab, Plateforme de spectrométrie de masse, Inserm U-1173, Université Paris Saclay (Versailles Saint Quentin-en-Yvelines), 78180 Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France
| | - Jean-Claude Alvarez
- Service de Pharmacologie-Toxicologie, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaires AP-HP, Paris-Saclay, Hôpital Raymond Poincaré, FHU Sepsis, 92380 Garches, France; MasSpecLab, Plateforme de spectrométrie de masse, Inserm U-1173, Université Paris Saclay (Versailles Saint Quentin-en-Yvelines), 78180 Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France
| | - Loïc Garçon
- HEMATIM UR 4666, C.U.R.S, University of Picardie Jules Verne, CEDEX 1, 80025, Amiens, France; Service d'Hématologie Biologique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Amiens, France
| | - Ziad A Massy
- Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), University Paris-Saclay, University Versailles-Saint Quentin, Inserm UMRS 1018, Clinical Epidemiology Team, Villejuif, France; Department of Nephrology, CHU Ambroise Paré, APHP, 92104 Boulogne Billancourt, Paris Cedex, France
| | - Gabriel Choukroun
- Department of Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation, Amiens University Medical Center, F-80000 Amiens, France; MP3CV Laboratory, EA7517, Jules Verne University of Picardie, F-80000 Amiens, France
| | - Juan Antonio Moreno
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), UGC Nephrology, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center on Cardiovascular Diseases (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14014 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Laurent Metzinger
- HEMATIM UR 4666, C.U.R.S, University of Picardie Jules Verne, CEDEX 1, 80025, Amiens, France.
| | - Valérie Metzinger-Le Meuth
- HEMATIM UR 4666, C.U.R.S, University of Picardie Jules Verne, CEDEX 1, 80025, Amiens, France; INSERM UMRS 1148, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science (LVTS), UFR SMBH, University Sorbonne Paris Nord, 93000 Bobigny, France
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Liu F, Hu C, Ding J, Fu C, Wang S, Li T. GATA-1 Promotes Erythroid Differentiation Through the Upregulation of miR-451a and miR-210-3p Expressions in CD34 + Cells in High-Altitude Polycythemia. High Alt Med Biol 2023; 24:59-67. [PMID: 36749159 DOI: 10.1089/ham.2022.0095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Liu, Fang, Caiyan Hu, Jin Ding, Chengbing Fu, Shuqiong Wang, and Tiantian Li. GATA-1 promotes erythroid differentiation through the upregulation of miR-451a and miR-210-3p expression in CD34+ cells in high-altitude polycythemia. High Alt Med Biol. 24:59-67, 2023. Background: The clinical manifestations of high-altitude polycythemia (HAPC) include excessive accumulation of erythrocytes, and its pathogenesis is not yet clear. Methods: Peripheral blood was collected from 10 HAPC patients (HAPC group) and normal individuals (control group) each. CD34+ cells were sorted using immunomagnetic beads and differentiated into erythroid cells for 7, 11, and 15 days. Changes in GATA-binding protein 1 (GATA-1), miR-451a, and miR-210-3p expression and their possible regulatory relationships were investigated. Results: Under hypoxia, GATA-1 expression on day 15 was about 2.4 times that on day 7 in the control group and about 1.3 times that on day 7 in the HAPC group, which was significantly lower compared with the control group. miR-451a and miR-210-3p expressions in the HAPC group were 2.6 and 1.8 times that in the control group, respectively, and were significantly increased. When GATA-1 was inhibited, miR-451a and miR-210-3p expressions were significantly decreased by 0.43 and 0.39 times, respectively, compared with those in the control group. Conclusions: Hypoxia stimulated the upregulation of GATA-1 level and accelerated the change of expression, which promoted miR-451a and miR-210-3p expressions and shortened the time taken by cells to enter end-stage differentiation, so as to enhance erythroid differentiation, which may be a pathogenetic mechanism underlying HAPC polycytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, Qing Hai University Medical College, Xi Ning, China
| | - Caiyan Hu
- Baoding First Central Hospital, Bao Ding, China
| | - Jin Ding
- Xi' an Central Blood Bank, Xi' an, China
| | - Chengbing Fu
- Department of Biochemistry, Qing Hai University Medical College, Xi Ning, China
| | - Shuqiong Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, Qing Hai University Medical College, Xi Ning, China
| | - Tiantian Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Qing Hai University Medical College, Xi Ning, China
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5
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Moussalem D, Augé B, Di Stefano L, Osman D, Gobert V, Haenlin M. Two Isoforms of serpent Containing Either One or Two GATA Zinc Fingers Provide Functional Diversity During Drosophila Development. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:795680. [PMID: 35178397 PMCID: PMC8844375 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.795680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
GATA transcription factors play crucial roles in various developmental processes in organisms ranging from flies to humans. In mammals, GATA factors are characterized by the presence of two highly conserved domains, the N-terminal (N-ZnF) and the C-terminal (C-ZnF) zinc fingers. The Drosophila GATA factor Serpent (Srp) is produced in different isoforms that contains either both N-ZnF and C-ZnF (SrpNC) or only the C-ZnF (SrpC). Here, we investigated the functional roles ensured by each of these isoforms during Drosophila development. Using the CRISPR/Cas9 technique, we generated new mutant fly lines deleted for one (ΔsrpNC) or the other (ΔsrpC) encoded isoform, and a third one with a single point mutation in the N-ZnF that alters its interaction with its cofactor, the Drosophila FOG homolog U-shaped (Ush). Analysis of these mutants revealed that the Srp zinc fingers are differentially required for Srp to fulfill its functions. While SrpC is essential for embryo to adult viability, SrpNC, which is the closest conserved isoform to that of vertebrates, is not. However, to ensure its specific functions in larval hematopoiesis and fertility, Srp requires the presence of both N- and C-ZnF (SrpNC) and interaction with its cofactor Ush. Our results also reveal that in vivo the presence of N-ZnF restricts rather than extends the ability of GATA factors to regulate the repertoire of C-ZnF bound target genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douaa Moussalem
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Department (MCD), Center for Integrative Biology (CBI), University of Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Benoit Augé
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Department (MCD), Center for Integrative Biology (CBI), University of Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Luisa Di Stefano
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Department (MCD), Center for Integrative Biology (CBI), University of Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Dani Osman
- Faculty of Sciences III, Lebanese University, Tripoli, Lebanon.,Azm Center for Research in Biotechnology and Its Applications, LBA3B, EDST, Lebanese University, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Vanessa Gobert
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Department (MCD), Center for Integrative Biology (CBI), University of Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Marc Haenlin
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Department (MCD), Center for Integrative Biology (CBI), University of Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
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Zkscan3 affects erythroblast development by regulating the transcriptional activity of GATA1 and KLF1 in mice. J Mol Histol 2021; 53:423-436. [PMID: 34940950 PMCID: PMC9117376 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-021-10052-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
ZKSCAN3 encodes a zinc-finger transcription factor that regulates the expression of important genes and plays a significant role in tumor development, pathogenesis, and metastasis. However, its biological functions under normal physiological conditions remain largely unknown. In our previous studies, using flow cytometry, we found that the deletion of Zkscan3 may cause abnormal erythropoiesis. In this study, we found that, in a Zkscan3 knockout mice model, the number of splenic early-stage (basophilic-erythroblasts) and late-stage (chromatophilic-erythroblasts to polychromatophilic-erythroblasts through orthochromatophilic-erythroblasts) erythroblasts increased, whereas the number of late erythroblasts in the bone marrow decreased. Moreover, the phenotype was exacerbated after treating mice with phenylhydrazine (PHZ), which causes severe hemolytic anemia. In the knockout mice treated with PHZ, the percentage of reticulocyte in the peripheral blood conspicuously increased, whereas MCHC and red blood cells decreased. Then, we performed RNA-seq and quantitative-polymerase chain reaction assay and found that the expression of GATA1 and Tiam1 in erythroblasts were upregulated, whereas KLF1 was downregulated. Luciferase assays showed that Zkscan3 inhibited the transcription of GATA1 and Tiam1 and promoted the expression of KLF1. Additionally, ChIP and CO-IP results confirmed that Zkscan3 directly interacts with GATA1 and inhibits its transcriptional activity in MEL cells. Our results demonstrate, for the first time, the significant role of Zkscan3 in physiological erythropoiesis through the interaction with GATA1, both at the DNA and protein level, and with Tiam1 and KLF1 at the DNA level.
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7
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Human GATA2 mutations and hematologic disease: how many paths to pathogenesis? Blood Adv 2021; 4:4584-4592. [PMID: 32960960 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020002953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The surge of human genetic information, enabled by increasingly facile and economically feasible genomic technologies, has accelerated discoveries on the relationship of germline genetic variation to hematologic diseases. For example, germline variation in GATA2, encoding a vital transcriptional regulator of multilineage hematopoiesis, creates a predisposition to bone marrow failure and acute myeloid leukemia termed GATA2 deficiency syndrome. More than 300 GATA2 variants representing missense, truncating, and noncoding enhancer mutations have been documented. Although these variants can diminish GATA2 expression and/or function, the functional ramifications of many variants are unknown. Studies using genetic rescue and knockin mouse systems have established that GATA2 mutations differentially affect molecular processes in distinct target genes and within a single target cell. Considering that target genes for a transcription factor can differ in sensitivity to altered levels of the factor, and transcriptional mechanisms are often cell type specific, the context-dependent consequences of GATA2 mutations in experimental systems portend the complex phenotypes and interindividual variation of GATA2 deficiency syndrome. This review documents GATA2 human genetics and the state of efforts to traverse from physiological insights to pathogenic mechanisms.
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Abstract
Malignancies of the erythroid lineage are rare but aggressive diseases. Notably, the first insights into their biology emerged over half a century ago from avian and murine tumor viruses-induced erythroleukemia models providing the rationale for several transgenic mouse models that unraveled the transforming potential of signaling effectors and transcription factors in the erythroid lineage. More recently, genetic roadmaps have fueled efforts to establish models that are based on the epigenomic lesions observed in patients with erythroid malignancies. These models, together with often unexpected erythroid phenotypes in genetically modified mice, provided further insights into the molecular mechanisms of disease initiation and maintenance. Here, we review how the increasing knowledge of human erythroleukemia genetics combined with those from various mouse models indicate that the pathogenesis of the disease is based on the interplay between signaling mutations, impaired TP53 function, and altered chromatin organization. These alterations lead to aberrant activity of erythroid transcriptional master regulators like GATA1, indicating that erythroleukemia will most likely require combinatorial targeting for efficient therapeutic interventions.
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9
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Ush regulates hemocyte-specific gene expression, fatty acid metabolism and cell cycle progression and cooperates with dNuRD to orchestrate hematopoiesis. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009318. [PMID: 33600407 PMCID: PMC7891773 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The generation of lineage-specific gene expression programmes that alter proliferation capacity, metabolic profile and cell type-specific functions during differentiation from multipotent stem cells to specialised cell types is crucial for development. During differentiation gene expression programmes are dynamically modulated by a complex interplay between sequence-specific transcription factors, associated cofactors and epigenetic regulators. Here, we study U-shaped (Ush), a multi-zinc finger protein that maintains the multipotency of stem cell-like hemocyte progenitors during Drosophila hematopoiesis. Using genomewide approaches we reveal that Ush binds to promoters and enhancers and that it controls the expression of three gene classes that encode proteins relevant to stem cell-like functions and differentiation: cell cycle regulators, key metabolic enzymes and proteins conferring specific functions of differentiated hemocytes. We employ complementary biochemical approaches to characterise the molecular mechanisms of Ush-mediated gene regulation. We uncover distinct Ush isoforms one of which binds the Nucleosome Remodeling and Deacetylation (NuRD) complex using an evolutionary conserved peptide motif. Remarkably, the Ush/NuRD complex specifically contributes to the repression of lineage-specific genes but does not impact the expression of cell cycle regulators or metabolic genes. This reveals a mechanism that enables specific and concerted modulation of functionally related portions of a wider gene expression programme. Finally, we use genetic assays to demonstrate that Ush and NuRD regulate enhancer activity during hemocyte differentiation in vivo and that both cooperate to suppress the differentiation of lamellocytes, a highly specialised blood cell type. Our findings reveal that Ush coordinates proliferation, metabolism and cell type-specific activities by isoform-specific cooperation with an epigenetic regulator.
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10
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Huerta M, Reyes L, García-Rivera G, Bañuelos C, Betanzos A, Díaz-Hernández M, Galindo A, Bolaños J, Cárdenas H, Azuara-Liceaga E, Chávez-Munguía B, Orozco E. A noncanonical GATA transcription factor of Entamoeba histolytica modulates genes involved in phagocytosis. Mol Microbiol 2020; 114:1019-1037. [PMID: 32808689 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.14592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we explored the presence of GATA in Entamoeba histolytica and their function as regulators of phagocytosis-related genes. Bioinformatics analyses evidenced a single 579 bp sequence encoding for a protein (EhGATA), smaller than GATA factors of other organisms. EhGATA appeared phylogenetically close to Dictyostelium discoideum and Schistosoma mansoni GATA proteins. Its sequence predicts the presence of a zinc-finger DNA binding domain and an AT-Hook motif; it also has two nuclear localization signals. By transmission electron and confocal microscopy, anti-EhGATA antibodies revealed the protein in the cytoplasm and nucleus, and 65% of nuclear signal was in the heterochromatin. EhGATA recombinant protein and trophozoites nuclear extracts bound to GATA-DNA consensus sequence. By in silico scrutiny, 1,610 gene promoters containing GATA-binding sequences appeared, including Ehadh and Ehvps32 promoters, whose genes participate in phagocytosis. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays showed that EhGATA interact with Ehadh and Ehvps32 promoters. In EhGATA-overexpressing trophozoites (NeoGATA), the Ehadh and Ehvps32 mRNAs amount was modified, strongly supporting that EhGATA could regulate their transcription. NeoGATA trophozoites exhibited rounded shapes, high proliferation rates, and diminished erythrophagocytosis. Our results provide new insights into the role of EhGATA as a noncanonical transcription factor, regulating genes associated with phagocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Huerta
- Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Luz Reyes
- Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Guillermina García-Rivera
- Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Cecilia Bañuelos
- Programa de Doctorado Transdisciplinario en Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico para la Sociedad, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Abigail Betanzos
- Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México.,Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Mitzi Díaz-Hernández
- Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Ausencio Galindo
- Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Jeni Bolaños
- Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Helios Cárdenas
- Posgrado en Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Elisa Azuara-Liceaga
- Posgrado en Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Bibiana Chávez-Munguía
- Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Esther Orozco
- Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
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11
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Blood disease-causing and -suppressing transcriptional enhancers: general principles and GATA2 mechanisms. Blood Adv 2020; 3:2045-2056. [PMID: 31289032 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2019000378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Intensive scrutiny of human genomes has unveiled considerable genetic variation in coding and noncoding regions. In cancers, including those of the hematopoietic system, genomic instability amplifies the complexity and functional consequences of variation. Although elucidating how variation impacts the protein-coding sequence is highly tractable, deciphering the functional consequences of variation in noncoding regions (genome reading), including potential transcriptional-regulatory sequences, remains challenging. A crux of this problem is the sheer abundance of gene-regulatory sequence motifs (cis elements) mediating protein-DNA interactions that are intermixed in the genome with thousands of look-alike sequences lacking the capacity to mediate functional interactions with proteins in vivo. Furthermore, transcriptional enhancers harbor clustered cis elements, and how altering a single cis element within a cluster impacts enhancer function is unpredictable. Strategies to discover functional enhancers have been innovated, and human genetics can provide vital clues to achieve this goal. Germline or acquired mutations in functionally critical (essential) enhancers, for example at the GATA2 locus encoding a master regulator of hematopoiesis, have been linked to human pathologies. Given the human interindividual genetic variation and complex genetic landscapes of hematologic malignancies, enhancer corruption, creation, and expropriation by new genes may not be exceedingly rare mechanisms underlying disease predisposition and etiology. Paradigms arising from dissecting essential enhancer mechanisms can guide genome-reading strategies to advance fundamental knowledge and precision medicine applications. In this review, we provide our perspective of general principles governing the function of blood disease-linked enhancers and GATA2-centric mechanisms.
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12
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The molecular genetic background leading to the formation of the human erythroid-specific Xg a/CD99 blood groups. Blood Adv 2019; 2:1854-1864. [PMID: 30061310 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2018018879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The Xga and CD99 antigens of the human Xg blood group system show a unique and sex-specific phenotypic relationship. The phenotypic relationship is believed to result from transcriptional coregulation of the XG and CD99 genes, which span the pseudoautosomal boundary of the X and Y chromosomes. However, the molecular genetic background responsible for these blood groups has remained undetermined. During the present investigation, we initially conducted a pilot study aimed at individuals with different Xga/CD99 phenotypes; this used targeted next-generation sequencing of the genomic areas relevant to XG and CD99 This was followed by a large-scale association study that demonstrated a definite association between a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs311103 and the Xga/CD99 blood groups. The G and C genotypes of SNP rs311103 were associated with the Xg(a+)/CD99H and Xg(a-)/CD99L phenotypes, respectively. The rs311103 genomic region with the G genotype was found to have stronger transcription-enhancing activity by reporter assay, and this occurred specifically with erythroid-lineage cells. Such activity was absent when the same region with the C genotype was investigated. In silico analysis of the polymorphic rs311103 genomic regions revealed that a binding motif for members of the GATA transcription factor family was present in the rs311103[G] region. Follow-up investigations showed that the erythroid GATA1 factor is able to bind specifically to the rs311103[G] region and markedly stimulates the transcriptional activity of the rs311103[G] segment. The present findings identify the genetic basis of the erythroid-specific Xga/CD99 blood group phenotypes and reveal the molecular background of their formation.
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13
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Hofhuis HF, Heidstra R. Transcription factor dosage: more or less sufficient for growth. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 45:50-58. [PMID: 29852330 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2018.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Recent findings highlight three instances in which major aspects of plant development are controlled by dosage-dependent protein levels. In the shoot apical meristem the mobile transcription factor WUS displays an intricate function with respect to target regulation that involves WUS dosage, binding site affinity and protein dimerization. The size of the root meristem is controlled by dosage-dependent PLT protein activity. Recent identification of targets and feedbacks provide new insights and entry into possible mechanisms of dosage read-out. Finally, HD-ZIPIII dosage, enforced by a gradient of mobile miRNAs, presents a relatively unexplored case in the radial patterning of vasculature and ground tissue. We evaluate our current knowledge of these three examples and address molecular mechanisms of dosage translation where possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo F Hofhuis
- Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University Research, Netherlands
| | - Renze Heidstra
- Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University Research, Netherlands.
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14
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Jafari M, Ghadami E, Dadkhah T, Akhavan-Niaki H. PI3k/AKT signaling pathway: Erythropoiesis and beyond. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:2373-2385. [PMID: 30192008 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Erythropoiesis is a multi-step process that involves the differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells into mature red blood cells (RBCs). This process is regulated by several signaling pathways, transcription factors and microRNAs (miRNAs). Many studies have shown that dysregulation of this process can lead to hematologic disorders. PI3K/AKT is one of the most important pathways that control many cellular processes including, cell division, autophagy, survival, and differentiation. In this review, we focus on the role of PI3K/AKT pathway in erythropoiesis and discuss the function of some of the most important genes, transcription factors, and miRNAs that regulate different stages of erythropoiesis which play roles in differentiation and maturation of RBCs, prevention of apoptosis, and autophagy induction. Understanding the role of the PI3K pathway in erythropoiesis may provide new insights into diagnosing erythrocyte disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahjoobeh Jafari
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Elham Ghadami
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Tahereh Dadkhah
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Haleh Akhavan-Niaki
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
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15
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Lysyl hydroxylases are transcription targets for GATA3 driving lung cancer cell metastasis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11905. [PMID: 30093726 PMCID: PMC6085355 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30309-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastasis associates with late stages of lung cancer progression and remains the main cause of patient death due to the lack of clinically effective therapeutics. Here we report that the transcription factor GATA3 and its co-factor FOG2 commonly promote the expression of the lysyl hydroxylase (LH) family members, including LH2 and LH3, which in turn drive lung adenocarcinoma cell migration, invasion, and metastasis. We show evidence that both LH2 and LH3 are direct transcription targets for GATA3. Knockdown of either LH2 or LH3 suppresses migration and invasion; on the contrary, forced expression of LH2 or LH3 promotes growth and migration, suggesting that the two LHs exert redundant oncogenic functions. Importantly, re-expression of LH2 is sufficient to restore the metastatic capacity of GATA3-depleted cells, suggesting a role for LHs as the downstream mediators of GATA3. Collectively, our data reveal a pro-metastatic GATA3-LHs axis for lung cancer, supporting the notion that targeting LHs may be useful for treating lung cancer.
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16
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Bresnick EH, Hewitt KJ, Mehta C, Keles S, Paulson RF, Johnson KD. Mechanisms of erythrocyte development and regeneration: implications for regenerative medicine and beyond. Development 2018; 145:145/1/dev151423. [PMID: 29321181 DOI: 10.1242/dev.151423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Hemoglobin-expressing erythrocytes (red blood cells) act as fundamental metabolic regulators by providing oxygen to cells and tissues throughout the body. Whereas the vital requirement for oxygen to support metabolically active cells and tissues is well established, almost nothing is known regarding how erythrocyte development and function impact regeneration. Furthermore, many questions remain unanswered relating to how insults to hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells and erythrocytes can trigger a massive regenerative process termed 'stress erythropoiesis' to produce billions of erythrocytes. Here, we review the cellular and molecular mechanisms governing erythrocyte development and regeneration, and discuss the potential links between these events and other regenerative processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emery H Bresnick
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, UW-Madison Blood Research Program, Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Kyle J Hewitt
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, UW-Madison Blood Research Program, Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Charu Mehta
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, UW-Madison Blood Research Program, Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Sunduz Keles
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Robert F Paulson
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Center for Molecular Immunology and Infectious Disease, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Kirby D Johnson
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, UW-Madison Blood Research Program, Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
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17
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Losa M, Latorre V, Andrabi M, Ladam F, Sagerström C, Novoa A, Zarrineh P, Bridoux L, Hanley NA, Mallo M, Bobola N. A tissue-specific, Gata6-driven transcriptional program instructs remodeling of the mature arterial tree. eLife 2017; 6:31362. [PMID: 28952437 PMCID: PMC5630260 DOI: 10.7554/elife.31362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Connection of the heart to the systemic circulation is a critical developmental event that requires selective preservation of embryonic vessels (aortic arches). However, why some aortic arches regress while others are incorporated into the mature aortic tree remains unclear. By microdissection and deep sequencing in mouse, we find that neural crest (NC) only differentiates into vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) around those aortic arches destined for survival and reorganization, and identify the transcription factor Gata6 as a crucial regulator of this process. Gata6 is expressed in SMCs and its target genes activation control SMC differentiation. Furthermore, Gata6 is sufficient to promote SMCs differentiation in vivo, and drive preservation of aortic arches that ought to regress. These findings identify Gata6-directed differentiation of NC to SMCs as an essential mechanism that specifies the aortic tree, and provide a new framework for how mutations in GATA6 lead to congenital heart disorders in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Losa
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Victor Latorre
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Munazah Andrabi
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Franck Ladam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, United States
| | - Charles Sagerström
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, United States
| | - Ana Novoa
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Peyman Zarrineh
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Laure Bridoux
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Neil A Hanley
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Endocrinology Department, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Moises Mallo
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Nicoletta Bobola
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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18
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Abstract
The discovery of the GATA binding protein (GATA factor) transcription factor family revolutionized hematology. Studies of GATA proteins have yielded vital contributions to our understanding of how hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells develop from precursors, how progenitors generate red blood cells, how hemoglobin synthesis is regulated, and the molecular underpinnings of nonmalignant and malignant hematologic disorders. This thrilling journey began with mechanistic studies on a β-globin enhancer- and promoter-binding factor, GATA-1, the founding member of the GATA family. This work ushered in the cloning of related proteins, GATA-2-6, with distinct and/or overlapping expression patterns. Herein, we discuss how the hematopoietic GATA factors (GATA-1-3) function via a battery of mechanistic permutations, which can be GATA factor subtype, cell type, and locus specific. Understanding this intriguing protein family requires consideration of how the mechanistic permutations are amalgamated into circuits to orchestrate processes of interest to the hematologist and more broadly.
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