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Volobueva AS, Fedorchenko TG, Lipunova GN, Valova MS, Sbarzaglia VA, Gladkikh AS, Kanaeva OI, Tolstykh NA, Gorshkov AN, Zarubaev VV. Leucoverdazyls as Novel Potent Inhibitors of Enterovirus Replication. Pathogens 2024; 13:410. [PMID: 38787262 PMCID: PMC11123948 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13050410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Enteroviruses (EV) are important pathogens causing human disease with various clinical manifestations. To date, treatment of enteroviral infections is mainly supportive since no vaccination or antiviral drugs are approved for their prevention or treatment. Here, we describe the antiviral properties and mechanisms of action of leucoverdazyls-novel heterocyclic compounds with antioxidant potential. The lead compound, 1a, demonstrated low cytotoxicity along with high antioxidant and virus-inhibiting activity. A viral strain resistant to 1a was selected, and the development of resistance was shown to be accompanied by mutation of virus-specific non-structural protein 2C. This resistant virus had lower fitness when grown in cell culture. Taken together, our results demonstrate high antiviral potential of leucoverdazyls as novel inhibitors of enterovirus replication and support previous evidence of an important role of 2C proteins in EV replication.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tatyana G. Fedorchenko
- Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 22/20 S. Kovalevskoi St., Yekaterinburg 620108, Russia
| | - Galina N. Lipunova
- Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 22/20 S. Kovalevskoi St., Yekaterinburg 620108, Russia
| | - Marina S. Valova
- Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 22/20 S. Kovalevskoi St., Yekaterinburg 620108, Russia
| | | | - Anna S. Gladkikh
- St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute, 14 Mira St., St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | - Olga I. Kanaeva
- St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute, 14 Mira St., St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | - Natalia A. Tolstykh
- St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute, 14 Mira St., St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | - Andrey N. Gorshkov
- Smorodintsev Influenza Research Institute, 15/17 Prof. Popova St., St. Petersburg 197376, Russia
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Matsuda M, Hirai-Yuki A, Kotani O, Kataoka M, Zheng X, Yamane D, Yokoyama M, Ishii K, Muramatsu M, Suzuki R. Loxapine inhibits replication of hepatitis A virus in vitro and in vivo by targeting viral protein 2C. PLoS Pathog 2024; 20:e1012091. [PMID: 38478584 PMCID: PMC10962851 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1012091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
No antiviral drugs currently are available for treatment of infection by hepatitis A virus (HAV), a causative agent of acute hepatitis, a potentially life-threatening disease. Chemical screening of a small-compound library using nanoluciferase-expressing HAV identified loxapine succinate, a selective dopamine receptor D2 antagonist, as a potent inhibitor of HAV propagation in vitro. Loxapine succinate did not inhibit viral entry nor internal ribosome entry site (IRES)-dependent translation, but exhibited strong inhibition of viral RNA replication. Blind passage of HAV in the presence of loxapine succinate resulted in the accumulation of viruses containing mutations in the 2C-encoding region, which contributed to resistance to loxapine succinate. Analysis of molecular dynamics simulations of the interaction between 2C and loxapine suggested that loxapine binds to the N-terminal region of 2C, and that resistant mutations impede these interactions. We further demonstrated that administration of loxapine succinate to HAV-infected Ifnar1-/- mice (which lack the type I interferon receptor) results in decreases in the levels of fecal HAV RNA and of intrahepatic HAV RNA at an early stage of infection. These findings suggest that HAV protein 2C is a potential target for antivirals, and provide novel insights into the development of drugs for the treatment of hepatitis A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mami Matsuda
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Asuka Hirai-Yuki
- Management Department of Biosafety, Laboratory Animal, and Pathogen Bank, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Osamu Kotani
- Pathogen Genomics Center, National Institute for Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michiyo Kataoka
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Xin Zheng
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Yamane
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaru Yokoyama
- Pathogen Genomics Center, National Institute for Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Ishii
- Department of Quality Assurance, Radiation Safety, and Information System, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masamichi Muramatsu
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Infectious Disease Research, Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation at Kobe, Kobe, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Suzuki
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Advanced Engineering, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan
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Zhang C, Yang F, Wojdyla JA, Qin B, Zhang W, Zheng M, Cao W, Wang M, Gao X, Zheng H, Cui S. An anti-picornaviral strategy based on the crystal structure of foot-and-mouth disease virus 2C protein. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111030. [PMID: 35793627 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) 2C protein shares conserved motifs with enterovirus 2Cs despite low sequence identity. Here, we determine the crystal structure of an FMDV 2C fragment to 1.83 Å resolution, which comprises an ATPase domain, a region equivalent to the enterovirus 2C zinc-finger (ZFER), and a C-terminal domain harboring a loop (PBL) that occupies a hydrophobic cleft (Pocket) in an adjacent 2C molecule. Mutations at ZFER, PBL, and Pocket affect FMDV 2C ATPase activity and are lethal to FMDV infectious clones. Because the PBL-Pocket interaction between FMDV 2C molecules is essential for its functions, we design an anti-FMDV peptide derived from PBL (PBL-peptide). PBL-peptide inhibits FMDV 2C ATPase activity, binds FMDV 2C with nanomolar affinity, and disrupts FMDV 2C oligomerization. FMDV 2C targets lipid droplets (LDs) and induces LD clustering in cells, and PBL-peptide disrupts FMDV 2C-induced LD clustering. Finally, we demonstrate that PBL-peptide exhibits anti-FMDV activity in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chu Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Fan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China
| | | | - Bo Qin
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Min Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Weijun Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Meitian Wang
- Swiss Light Source at the Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Xiaopan Gao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China.
| | - Haixue Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China.
| | - Sheng Cui
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China.
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