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Wang Y, Li X, Xu T, Li H, Liu J, Yang Q, Li W, Zidan SRS, Jiang C, Yuan Y, Tang R, Yu L, Li L, Zhang X, Li D. Long-Day Photoperiod Improves the Growth and Muscle Quality of Grass Carp ( Ctenopharyngodon idella). Foods 2025; 14:504. [PMID: 39942096 PMCID: PMC11817249 DOI: 10.3390/foods14030504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2024] [Revised: 01/08/2025] [Accepted: 02/01/2025] [Indexed: 02/16/2025] Open
Abstract
To investigate the effects of photoperiods on the growth and muscle quality indicators of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella), 225 fish (109.65 ± 3.62 g) were randomly assigned into five different photoperiod groups (0L:24D, 8L:16D, 12L:12D, 16L:8D, and 24L:0D). The experiment spanned a 75-day period, after which sampling and analysis were performed. Compared with the 0L:24D and 8L:16D groups, the 12L:12D and 16L:8D groups significantly promoted the growth of grass carp (p < 0.05). The texture parameters of the muscle in the 0L:24D and 16L:8D groups were significantly greater than those in the 12L:12D group (p < 0.05). The crude protein content was significantly higher in the 12L:12D and 16L:8D groups (p < 0.05). The amino acid content and muscle fiber characteristics, as well as the mRNA levels of myostatin (mstn), myogenic factor 5 (myf5), type I collagen α1 (col1α1), and α2 (col1α2), along with the hydroxyproline and collagen contents, were all significantly influenced by the photoperiod (p < 0.05). The lysine (Lys), aspartic acid (Asp), and alanine (Ala) contents in the muscle and muscle fiber density of grass carp reached the highest levels under the 16L:8D treatment (p < 0.05). Collectively, these results indicate that a 16L:8D photoperiod is optimal for enhancing both the growth and muscle quality indicators of grass carp. The findings of this study offer valuable scientific references for the precise regulation of grass carp quality when using a photoperiod, and they are anticipated to foster the further development and optimization of strategies for improving grass carp quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Wang
- Hongshan Laboratory, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.W.); (X.L.); (T.X.); (H.L.); (J.L.); (Q.Y.); (W.L.); (S.R.S.Z.); (C.J.); (Y.Y.); (R.T.); (L.Y.); (L.L.); (X.Z.)
- Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xuxu Li
- Hongshan Laboratory, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.W.); (X.L.); (T.X.); (H.L.); (J.L.); (Q.Y.); (W.L.); (S.R.S.Z.); (C.J.); (Y.Y.); (R.T.); (L.Y.); (L.L.); (X.Z.)
- Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Tingting Xu
- Hongshan Laboratory, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.W.); (X.L.); (T.X.); (H.L.); (J.L.); (Q.Y.); (W.L.); (S.R.S.Z.); (C.J.); (Y.Y.); (R.T.); (L.Y.); (L.L.); (X.Z.)
- Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Huacheng Li
- Hongshan Laboratory, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.W.); (X.L.); (T.X.); (H.L.); (J.L.); (Q.Y.); (W.L.); (S.R.S.Z.); (C.J.); (Y.Y.); (R.T.); (L.Y.); (L.L.); (X.Z.)
- Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jieya Liu
- Hongshan Laboratory, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.W.); (X.L.); (T.X.); (H.L.); (J.L.); (Q.Y.); (W.L.); (S.R.S.Z.); (C.J.); (Y.Y.); (R.T.); (L.Y.); (L.L.); (X.Z.)
- College of Life Sciences and Technology, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China
| | - Qiushi Yang
- Hongshan Laboratory, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.W.); (X.L.); (T.X.); (H.L.); (J.L.); (Q.Y.); (W.L.); (S.R.S.Z.); (C.J.); (Y.Y.); (R.T.); (L.Y.); (L.L.); (X.Z.)
- Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Wenhan Li
- Hongshan Laboratory, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.W.); (X.L.); (T.X.); (H.L.); (J.L.); (Q.Y.); (W.L.); (S.R.S.Z.); (C.J.); (Y.Y.); (R.T.); (L.Y.); (L.L.); (X.Z.)
- Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Sayed R. S. Zidan
- Hongshan Laboratory, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.W.); (X.L.); (T.X.); (H.L.); (J.L.); (Q.Y.); (W.L.); (S.R.S.Z.); (C.J.); (Y.Y.); (R.T.); (L.Y.); (L.L.); (X.Z.)
- Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum 63514, Egypt
| | - Chengchen Jiang
- Hongshan Laboratory, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.W.); (X.L.); (T.X.); (H.L.); (J.L.); (Q.Y.); (W.L.); (S.R.S.Z.); (C.J.); (Y.Y.); (R.T.); (L.Y.); (L.L.); (X.Z.)
- Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yutian Yuan
- Hongshan Laboratory, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.W.); (X.L.); (T.X.); (H.L.); (J.L.); (Q.Y.); (W.L.); (S.R.S.Z.); (C.J.); (Y.Y.); (R.T.); (L.Y.); (L.L.); (X.Z.)
- Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Rong Tang
- Hongshan Laboratory, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.W.); (X.L.); (T.X.); (H.L.); (J.L.); (Q.Y.); (W.L.); (S.R.S.Z.); (C.J.); (Y.Y.); (R.T.); (L.Y.); (L.L.); (X.Z.)
- Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Liqin Yu
- Hongshan Laboratory, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.W.); (X.L.); (T.X.); (H.L.); (J.L.); (Q.Y.); (W.L.); (S.R.S.Z.); (C.J.); (Y.Y.); (R.T.); (L.Y.); (L.L.); (X.Z.)
- Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Li Li
- Hongshan Laboratory, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.W.); (X.L.); (T.X.); (H.L.); (J.L.); (Q.Y.); (W.L.); (S.R.S.Z.); (C.J.); (Y.Y.); (R.T.); (L.Y.); (L.L.); (X.Z.)
- Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Hongshan Laboratory, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.W.); (X.L.); (T.X.); (H.L.); (J.L.); (Q.Y.); (W.L.); (S.R.S.Z.); (C.J.); (Y.Y.); (R.T.); (L.Y.); (L.L.); (X.Z.)
- Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Dapeng Li
- Hongshan Laboratory, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.W.); (X.L.); (T.X.); (H.L.); (J.L.); (Q.Y.); (W.L.); (S.R.S.Z.); (C.J.); (Y.Y.); (R.T.); (L.Y.); (L.L.); (X.Z.)
- Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Wuhan 430070, China
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MacAulay S, Cable J. Gyrodactylus in the spotlight: how exposure to light impacts disease and the feeding behavior of the freshwater tropical guppy (Poecilia reticulata). JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2024; 105:682-690. [PMID: 38828698 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Artificial light at night (ALAN) negatively impacts organisms in many ways, from their feeding behaviors to their response and ability to deal with disease. Our knowledge of ALAN is focused on hosts, but we must also consider their parasites, which constitute half of all described animal species. Here, we assessed the impact of light exposure on a model host-parasite system (Poecilia reticulata and the ectoparasitic monogenean Gyrodactylus turnbulli). First, parasite-free fish were exposed to 12:12 h light:dark (control) or 24:0 h light:dark (ALAN) for 21 days followed by experimental infection. Second, naturally acquired G. turnbulli infections were monitored for 28 days during exposure of their hosts to a specified light regime (6:18 h, 12:12 h, or 24:0 h light:dark). Experimentally infected fish exposed to constant light had, on average, a greater maximum parasite burden than controls, but no other measured parasite metrics were impacted. Host feeding behavior was also significantly affected: fish under ALAN fed faster and took more bites than controls, whilst fish exposed to reduced light fed slower. Thus, ALAN can impact parasite burdens, even in the short term, and altering light conditions will impact fish feeding behavior. Such responses could initiate disease outbreaks or perturb food-webs with wider ecological impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jo Cable
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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Presa LS, Copatti CE, Pinto DSB, Monserrat JM, Garcia L. Can photoperiod improve growth performance and antioxidant responses of pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) reared in recirculation aquaculture systems? J Comp Physiol B 2024; 194:443-455. [PMID: 38958740 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-024-01574-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
The present study investigated the best photoperiod for culturing pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) in recirculation aquaculture systems (RAS) based on its growth performance and hematological and oxidative stress responses. Juveniles (∼ 5 g) were subjected to five treatments (in triplicate): 24 L (light):0D (dark), 15 L: 09D, 12 L:12D, 9 L:15D, and 0 L:24D for 45 days. A total of 225 pacu individuals were randomly distributed among 15 tanks of 210 L (n = 15 per tank). Zootechnical, hematological (glucose, lactate, hematocrit, and hemoglobin), and antioxidant and oxidative stress parameters (glutathione S-transferase (GST), total antioxidant capacity against peroxyl radicals (ACAP), and lipid peroxidation (LPO) were analyzed. The zootechnical parameters (e.g., weight gain, Fulton's condition factor, and specific growth rate) were better and worse with 9 L:15D and 24 L:0D photoperiods, respectively. The hepatosomatic index was higher and lower in the 0 L:24D and 9 L:15D photoperiods. Blood lactate levels and antioxidant and oxidative stress responses were increased in the longest photoperiods (15 L:9D and 24 L:0D). In contrast, the treatments that showed lower oxidative damage (liver, gills, brain, and muscle) were 9 L:15D and 12 L:12D. In conclusion, manipulating artificial light is one way to improve fish growth and health, where the best photoperiod for pacu farming in RAS is 9 L:15D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliane Soares Presa
- Laboratório de Aquacultura Continental, Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, 96203-900, RS, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Aquicultura, Instituto de Oceanografia (IO), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Daniel Sá Britto Pinto
- Laboratório de Aquacultura Continental, Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, 96203-900, RS, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Aquicultura, Instituto de Oceanografia (IO), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - José Maria Monserrat
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Aquicultura, Instituto de Oceanografia (IO), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Funcional de Organismos Aquáticos (BIFOA), Instituto de Oceanografia (IO), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Luciano Garcia
- Laboratório de Aquacultura Continental, Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, 96203-900, RS, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Aquicultura, Instituto de Oceanografia (IO), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.
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Zare M, Kazempour M, Hosseini Choupani SM, Akhavan SR, Salini M, Rombenso A, Esmaeili N. The crosstalk between photoperiod and early mild stress on juvenile oscar (Astronotus ocellatus) after acute stress. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2024; 50:1025-1046. [PMID: 38407735 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-024-01316-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Early mild stress (EMS) is like preparedness and might help fish deal with stress appropriately. This study investigated how EMS and photoperiod changes can impact growth, haematology, blood biochemistry, immunological response, antioxidant system, liver enzymes, and stress response of oscar (Astronotus ocellatus; 7.29 ± 0.96 g) before and after acute confinement stress (AC stress). Ten experimental treatments included five different photoperiods 8L16D (08:16 light to dark), 12L12D (12:12 light to dark), 16L8D (16:08 light to dark), 20L4D (20:04 light to dark), and 24L0D (24:00 light to dark), and these five photoperiod schedules were conducted in an EMS condition. After 9 weeks, no significant differences were found in growth parameters, survival rate, and body composition. At the end of the experiment and after AC stress, fish farmed in 24 light hours had the lowest haematocrit, white blood cells, total protein, blood performance, lysozyme, immunoglobulin M, complement C3, superoxide dismutase, and catalase. Fish that experienced EMS had significantly higher survival rates than those farmed in normal conditions (80.67% vs 61.33%). In conclusion, considering all measured parameters, 8-h light can be suggested as an optimum photoperiod for this fish species. Under 24L0D (no EMS) conditions, there were many negative effects apparent. In addition, a positive effect of EMS was evident in terms of survival after AC stress. AC stress decreased some health parameters under 24-h light treatment, while these results were not observed in EMS-exposed fish. Therefore, the EMS schedule can be a useful tool in preventing the negative effects of stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahyar Zare
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Institute of Aquaculture and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Na Sádkách, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Mohammad Kazempour
- Department of Microbiology, Pathobiology & Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | | | - Sobhan R Akhavan
- Nelson Marlborough Institute of Technology, 322 Hardy Street, Private Bag 19, Nelson, New Zealand
| | - Michael Salini
- Nutrition and Seafood Laboratory (NuSea.Lab), School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, 3225, Australia
| | - Artur Rombenso
- CSIRO, Agriculture and Food, Livestock & Aquaculture Program, Bribie Island Research Centre, Bribie Island, QLD, Australia
| | - Noah Esmaeili
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, 15-21 Nubeena Cres, Hobart, Taroona, TAS, 7053, Australia.
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Das A, Hoque F, Ajithkumar M, Sundaray JK, Chakrabarti P, Dash G, Biswas G. Effect of photoperiod on serum biochemistry, electrolytic balance, acute phase response and histopathology of butter catfish, Ompok bimaculatus (Bloch, 1794). FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2023; 49:1339-1355. [PMID: 37971553 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-023-01260-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
The present study was executed to evaluate the effect of photoperiod on serum biochemical parameters (glucose, cortisol, ALT, AST and LDH), electrolytic balance (Sodium and potassium), acute phase response (CRP) and histopathology (liver, kidney and skin) of an endangered high valued catfish, Ompok bimaculatus. Catfish (21.00 ± 1.53 cm and 30.00 ± 2.31 g) from the acclimatized stock were randomly distributed to six 120 × 45 × 60 cm3 FRP tanks (n = 20 fish per tank) and exposed to 1500 lx light intensity under different photoperiods [24:0 light: dark (L: D), 15L: 9D, 12L: 12D, 9L: 15D, 0L: 24D and a natural photoperiod (control)], and fed at a daily rate of 2% of bodyweight, twice a day for 60 days. Serum glucose, cortisol and enzymes including aspartate transaminase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alanine transaminase (ALT), and acute phase reactant, such as C-reactive protein (CRP) increased significantly (P < 0.05) in continuous light (24L: 0D), continuous dark (0L: 24D) and short day (9L: 15D) photoperiods, whereas in 15L: 9D and 12L:12D photoperiods, those were in decreasing trend. Serum electrolytes, i.e. potassium level was elevated and sodium level was declined in 24L: 0D, 0L: 24D and 9L: 15D photoperiod groups. Moreover, significant histological alterations in the liver, kidney and skin tissue were also evidenced in the experimented catfish. Typical polygonal hepatocytes with normal blood vessels in liver and normal organization of kidney were seen in catfish of 15L: 9D group. Histological analysis of other groups displayed nuclear degeneration, karyorrhexis, karyolysis, melanomacrophages, nuclear hypertrophy, sinusoid dilation and vacuolar degeneration in liver and hyaline droplets accumulation, granular degeneration, fragmentation of glomerulus and focal necrosis of epithelial cells in kidney. Additionally, general structure of the skin was observed in control group as well as in 15L: 9D group. Contrarily, in 24L: 0D group increased number of mucous cells and vacuoles was observed in the skin of butter catfish. In 9L: 15D and 0L: 24D photoperiods, O. bimaculatus exhibited ruptured epithelial cells, enlarged alarm cells, fat cells, necrotic cells and vacuoles in the skin tissue. The present study depicted that 15L: 9D photoperiod can induce better health of catfish, O. bimaculatus, which, in turn, can help farmers to increase the production of this high valued catfish in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijit Das
- Faculty of Fishery Sciences, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata, India
| | - Farhana Hoque
- Regional Research Station, ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Kolkata, India
| | - Munusamy Ajithkumar
- Regional Research Station, ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Kolkata, India
- Adaptation Et Santé Des Invertbrs Marins (ASIM), IFREMER, La Tremblade, France
| | | | | | - Gadadhar Dash
- Faculty of Fishery Sciences, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata, India
| | - Gouranga Biswas
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Kolkata Centre, India
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Lorgen-Ritchie M, Uren Webster T, McMurtrie J, Bass D, Tyler CR, Rowley A, Martin SAM. Microbiomes in the context of developing sustainable intensified aquaculture. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1200997. [PMID: 37426003 PMCID: PMC10327644 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1200997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
With an ever-growing human population, the need for sustainable production of nutritional food sources has never been greater. Aquaculture is a key industry engaged in active development to increase production in line with this need while remaining sustainable in terms of environmental impact and promoting good welfare and health in farmed species. Microbiomes fundamentally underpin animal health, being a key part of their digestive, metabolic and defense systems, in the latter case protecting against opportunistic pathogens in the environment. The potential to manipulate the microbiome to the advantage of enhancing health, welfare and production is an intriguing prospect that has gained considerable traction in recent years. In this review we first set out what is known about the role of the microbiome in aquaculture production systems across the phylogenetic spectrum of cultured animals, from invertebrates to finfish. With a view to reducing environmental footprint and tightening biological and physical control, investment in "closed" aquaculture systems is on the rise, but little is known about how the microbial systems of these closed systems affect the health of cultured organisms. Through comparisons of the microbiomes and their dynamics across phylogenetically distinct animals and different aquaculture systems, we focus on microbial communities in terms of their functionality in order to identify what features within these microbiomes need to be harnessed for optimizing healthy intensified production in support of a sustainable future for aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tamsyn Uren Webster
- Centre for Sustainable Aquatic Research, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - Jamie McMurtrie
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - David Bass
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Weymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Charles R. Tyler
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Rowley
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - Samuel A. M. Martin
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
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Waheed A, Naz H, Wajid M, Khan MS. Impact of background colorations on growth, movement behavior, and some body physiological factors of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2023; 49:275-287. [PMID: 36920633 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-023-01180-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
This study tested the reverence of background color with growth, movement behavior, and some body physiological factors in Nile tilapia. Fish were first acclimatized for two weeks in 80 L glass aquaria. In the experimental design, three groups were maintained separately. In 1st group, glass aquaria were covered with black, 2nd with green charts, and 3rd remained uncovered and maintained as a control group. All groups were in three replicates and fed on a 30% protein diet. All fishes were closely observed for movement behavior and growth-related parameters. On the 28th day, fish were anesthetized and blood was drawn from the caudal fin to determine some hematological parameters, cortisol, and glucose level. The highest weight gain and the greatest number of movements throughout the aquarium were observed in the control group. Furthermore, aquarium color determined the body pigmentation color. Black aquarium had the lowest weight gain, glucose level, FCR, DFI, FCE, and CF, while green aquarium had the highest cortisol level. Histological changes observed in black aquaria fish included reduced lamellar size, deformed blood vessels, and cardiac muscle fascicle in the gills, liver, and heart, respectively, while green aquaria fish showed fused lamellae, necrosis, fibrosis, endomiocardiac hyperplasia, and cardiac muscle fascicle. It was concluded that background coloration has a significant effect on the growth performance, behavior, hematology, body color, histology, cortisol, and glucose levels of Oreochromis niloticus, with green background inducing significant stress while black background causes black pigmentation with less growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Waheed
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Okara, Okara, 56130, Pakistan
| | - Hina Naz
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Okara, Okara, 56130, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Wajid
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Okara, Okara, 56130, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Saleem Khan
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Okara, Okara, 56130, Pakistan.
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Effects of Continuous Light (LD24:0) Modulate the Expression of Lysozyme, Mucin and Peripheral Blood Cells in Rainbow Trout. FISHES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fishes7010028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Continuous photoperiod is extensively used in fish farming, to regulate the reproductive cycle, despite evidence suggesting that artificial photoperiods can act as a stressor and impair the immune system. We evaluated the potential effects of an artificial photoperiod on mucus components: lysozyme and mucin, in juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) after exposure for one month to natural photoperiod (LD12:12) or constant light (LD24:0) artificial photoperiod. For each treatment, we assessed changes in peripheral blood cells (erythrocytes and leukocytes) and skin mucus component concentrations. Our results show a decrease in lysozyme concentration, while mucin levels are increased. Similarly, we find elevated monocytes and polymorphonuclears under constant light photoperiod. These findings suggest that LD24:0 regulates lysozyme, mucin, and leukocytes, implying that artificial photoperiods could be a stressful.
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