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Hooper PM, Bass D, Feil EJ, Vincent WF, Lovejoy C, Owen CJ, Tsola SL, Jungblut AD. Arctic cyanobacterial mat community diversity decreases with latitude across the Canadian Arctic. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2024:fiae067. [PMID: 38653723 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiae067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacterial mats are commonly reported as hotspots of microbial diversity across polar environments. These thick, multi-layered microbial communities provide a refuge from extreme environmental conditions, with many species able to grow and coexist despite the low allochthonous nutrient inputs. The visibly dominant phototrophic biomass is dependent on internal nutrient recycling by heterotrophic organisms within the mats, however the specific contribution of heterotrophic protists remains little explored. In this study, mat community diversity was examined along a latitudinal gradient (55-83°N), spanning subarctic taiga, tundra, polar desert, and the High Arctic ice shelves. The prokaryotic and eukaryotic communities were targeted respectively by V4 16S and V9 18S rRNA gene amplicon high-throughput sequencing. Prokaryotic and eukaryotic richness decreased, in tandem with decreasing temperatures and shorter seasons of light availability, from the subarctic to the High Arctic. Taxonomy-based annotation of the protist community revealed diverse phototrophic, mixotrophic and heterotrophic genera in all mat communities, with fewer parasitic taxa in High Arctic communities. Co-occurrence network analysis identified greater heterogeneity in eukaryotic than prokaryotic community structure among cyanobacterial mats across the Canadian Arctic. Our findings highlight the sensitivity of microbial eukaryotes to environmental gradients across northern high latitudes.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Hooper
- Life Sciences Department, Natural History Museum, London, UK
- Milner Centre for Evolution, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - D Bass
- Life Sciences Department, Natural History Museum, London, UK
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Weymouth Laboratory, Weymouth, UK
- Centre for Sustainable Aquaculture Futures, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - E J Feil
- Milner Centre for Evolution, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - W F Vincent
- Département de Biologie, Takuvik International Research Laboratory and Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre d'études nordiques (CEN), Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - C Lovejoy
- Département de Biologie, Takuvik International Research Laboratory and Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre d'études nordiques (CEN), Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Québec Océan, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - C J Owen
- UCL Genetics Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - S L Tsola
- School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - A D Jungblut
- Life Sciences Department, Natural History Museum, London, UK
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2
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Bass D, Clancy K, Gupta A, Dogra V. Penile Evaluation: An Illustrated Review. Ultrasound Q 2024; 40:32-38. [PMID: 38015246 DOI: 10.1097/ruq.0000000000000663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT High-frequency ultrasound is the imaging modality of choice for evaluating penile pathology because of its easy access, low cost, and patient tolerance ( The Penis, Diagnostic Ultrasound, second edtion . Boca Raton: CRC Press; 2007:957-978). This pictorial review will illustrate the sonographic features of emergent and nonemergent penile conditions such as penile fracture, spongial tear, urethral injury, various types of priapism, erectile dysfunction, penile abscess, and Mondor disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Bass
- Imaging Sciences Department, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY
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3
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Molto-Martin I, Neil DM, Coates CJ, MacKenzie SA, Bass D, Stentiford GD, Albalat A. Infection of Norway lobster ( Nephrops norvegicus) by the parasite Hematodinium sp.: insights from 30 years of field observations. R Soc Open Sci 2024; 11:231147. [PMID: 38234432 PMCID: PMC10791531 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.231147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
The Norway lobster, Nephrops norvegicus, is an important representative of the benthos and also supports valuable fisheries across Europe. Nephrops are susceptible to infection by Hematodinium sp., an endoparasitic dinoflagellate that causes morbidity and mortality. From an epizootiological perspective, the Clyde Sea Area (CSA; west of Scotland) is the best-studied Hematodinium-Nephrops pathosystem, with historical data available between 1988 and 2008. We have revisited this pathosystem by curating and updating prevalence values, differentiating host traits associated with disease exposure and progression, and comparing Hematodinium sp. disease dynamics in the CSA to other locations and to other decapod hosts (Cancer pagurus, Carcinus maenas). Prevalence from a 2018/2019 survey (involving 1739 lobsters) revealed Hematodinium sp. still mounts a synchronized patent infection in the CSA; hence this pathogen can be considered as enzootic in this location. We highlight for the first time that Nephrops size is associated with high severity infection, while females are more exposed to Hematodinium sp. More generally, regardless of the host (Norway lobster, brown and shore crabs) or the geographical area (Ireland, Wales, Scotland), Hematodinium sp. patent infections peak in spring/summer and reach their nadir during autumn. We contend that Hematodinium must be considered one of the most important pathogens of decapod crustaceans in temperate waters.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Douglas M. Neil
- School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Christopher J. Coates
- Zoology and Ryan Institute, School of Natural Sciences, University of Galway, Galway H91 TK33, Republic of Ireland
| | | | - David Bass
- International Centre of Excellence for Aquatic Animal Health, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Weymouth, UK
- Sustainable Aquaculture Futures, Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Grant D. Stentiford
- International Centre of Excellence for Aquatic Animal Health, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Weymouth, UK
- Sustainable Aquaculture Futures, Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Amaya Albalat
- Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK
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Markussen Bjorbaekmo MF, Brodie J, Krabberød AK, Logares R, Fuss J, Fredriksen S, Wold-Dobbe A, Shalchian-Tabrizi K, Bass D. 18S rDNA gene metabarcoding of microeukaryotes and epi-endophytes in the holobiome of seven species of large brown algae. J Phycol 2023; 59:859-878. [PMID: 37726938 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.13377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Brown algae (Phaeophyceae) are habitat-forming species in coastal ecosystems and include kelp forests and seaweed beds that support a wide diversity of marine life. Host-associated microbial communities are an integral part of phaeophyte biology, and whereas the bacterial microbial partners have received considerable attention, the microbial eukaryotes associated with brown algae have hardly been studied. Here, we used broadly targeted "pan-eukaryotic" primers (metabarcoding) to investigate brown algal-associated eukaryotes (the eukaryome). Using this approach, we aimed to investigate the eukaryome of seven large brown algae that are important and common species in coastal ecosystems. We also aimed to assess whether these macroalgae harbor novel eukaryotic diversity and to ascribe putative functional roles to the host-associated eukaryome based on taxonomic affiliation and phylogenetic placement. We detected a significant diversity of microeukaryotic and algal lineages associated with the brown algal species investigated. The operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were taxonomically assigned to 10 of the eukaryotic major supergroups, including taxonomic groups known to be associated with seaweeds as epibionts, endobionts, parasites, and commensals. Additionally, we revealed previously unrecorded sequence types, including novel phaeophyte OTUs, particularly in the Fucus spp. samples, that may represent fucoid genomic variants, sequencing artifacts, or undescribed epi-/endophytes. Our results provide baseline data and technical insights that will be useful for more comprehensive seaweed eukaryome studies investigating the evidently lineage-rich and functionally diverse symbionts of brown algae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marit F Markussen Bjorbaekmo
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Section for Marine Biology, Oslo, Norway
- Natural History Museum (NHM), Science, London, UK
- Department of Biosciences, Section for Genetics and Evolutionary Biology (EVOGENE) and Centre for Integrative Microbial Evolution (CIME), University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Anders K Krabberød
- Department of Biosciences, Section for Genetics and Evolutionary Biology (EVOGENE) and Centre for Integrative Microbial Evolution (CIME), University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ramiro Logares
- Department of Marine Biology and Oceanography, Institut de Ciències del Mar (CSIC), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Janina Fuss
- Department of Biosciences, Section for Genetics and Evolutionary Biology (EVOGENE) and Centre for Integrative Microbial Evolution (CIME), University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stein Fredriksen
- Department of Biosciences, Section for Aquatic Biology and Toxicology (AQUA), University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anders Wold-Dobbe
- Department of Biosciences, Section for Genetics and Evolutionary Biology (EVOGENE) and Centre for Integrative Microbial Evolution (CIME), University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kamran Shalchian-Tabrizi
- Department of Biosciences, Section for Genetics and Evolutionary Biology (EVOGENE) and Centre for Integrative Microbial Evolution (CIME), University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - David Bass
- Natural History Museum (NHM), Science, London, UK
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (CEFAS), Dorset, UK
- Sustainable Aquaculture Futures, Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
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Kallmyer BA, Bass D, Baumgart M, Callahan CM, Dulaney S, Evertson LC, Fazio S, Judge KS, Samus Q. Dementia care navigation: Building toward a common definition, key principles, and outcomes. Alzheimers Dement (N Y) 2023; 9:e12408. [PMID: 37533688 PMCID: PMC10392594 DOI: 10.1002/trc2.12408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION As the complexity of medical treatments and patient care systems have increased, the concept of patient navigation is growing in both popularity and breadth of application. Patient navigators are trained personnel whose role is not to provide clinical care, but to partner with patients to help them identify their needs and goals and then overcome modifiable patient-, provider-, and systems-level barriers. Due to its high incidence, duration, and medical-social complexity, dementia is an ideal candidate for a patient-centric health care delivery model such as care navigation. METHODS The Alzheimer's Association formed an expert workgroup of researchers in the field of dementia care navigation to identify evidence-based guidelines. RESULTS Recognizing the unique and challenging needs of persons living with dementia and their care partners, several U.S. dementia care navigation programs have been developed and assessed in recent years. Collectively these programs demonstrate that persons living with dementia and their care partners benefit from dementia care navigation. Improved care system outcomes for the person living with dementia include reduced emergency department visits, lower hospital readmissions, fewer days hospitalized, and shorter delays in long-term care placement. Well-being is also increased, as there is decreased depression, illness, strain, embarrassment, and behavioral symptoms and increased self-reported quality of life. For care partners, dementia navigation resulted in decreased depression, burden, and unmet needs. DISCUSSION This article presents principles of dementia care navigation to inform existing and emerging dementia care navigation programs. Highlights Several U.S. dementia care navigation programs have demonstrated outcomes for persons living with dementia, care partners, and health systems.The Alzheimer's Association formed an expert workgroup of researchers in the field of dementia care navigation to create a shared definition and identify evidence-based guidelines or principles.These outlined principles of dementia care navigation can inform existing and emerging dementia care navigation programs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David Bass
- Benjamin Rose Institute on AgingClevelandOhioUSA
| | | | | | - Sarah Dulaney
- UCSF Memory and Aging CenterSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | | | - Sam Fazio
- Alzheimer's AssociationChicagoIllinoisUSA
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Lorgen-Ritchie M, Uren Webster T, McMurtrie J, Bass D, Tyler CR, Rowley A, Martin SAM. Microbiomes in the context of developing sustainable intensified aquaculture. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1200997. [PMID: 37426003 PMCID: PMC10327644 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1200997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
With an ever-growing human population, the need for sustainable production of nutritional food sources has never been greater. Aquaculture is a key industry engaged in active development to increase production in line with this need while remaining sustainable in terms of environmental impact and promoting good welfare and health in farmed species. Microbiomes fundamentally underpin animal health, being a key part of their digestive, metabolic and defense systems, in the latter case protecting against opportunistic pathogens in the environment. The potential to manipulate the microbiome to the advantage of enhancing health, welfare and production is an intriguing prospect that has gained considerable traction in recent years. In this review we first set out what is known about the role of the microbiome in aquaculture production systems across the phylogenetic spectrum of cultured animals, from invertebrates to finfish. With a view to reducing environmental footprint and tightening biological and physical control, investment in "closed" aquaculture systems is on the rise, but little is known about how the microbial systems of these closed systems affect the health of cultured organisms. Through comparisons of the microbiomes and their dynamics across phylogenetically distinct animals and different aquaculture systems, we focus on microbial communities in terms of their functionality in order to identify what features within these microbiomes need to be harnessed for optimizing healthy intensified production in support of a sustainable future for aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tamsyn Uren Webster
- Centre for Sustainable Aquatic Research, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - Jamie McMurtrie
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - David Bass
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Weymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Charles R. Tyler
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Rowley
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - Samuel A. M. Martin
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
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7
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Child HT, O’Neill PA, Moore K, Rowe W, Denise H, Bass D, Wade MJ, Loose M, Paterson S, van Aerle R, Jeffries AR. Optimised protocol for monitoring SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater using reverse complement PCR-based whole-genome sequencing. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0284211. [PMID: 37058515 PMCID: PMC10104291 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0284211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Monitoring the spread of viral pathogens in the population during epidemics is crucial for mounting an effective public health response. Understanding the viral lineages that constitute the infections in a population can uncover the origins and transmission patterns of outbreaks and detect the emergence of novel variants that may impact the course of an epidemic. Population-level surveillance of viruses through genomic sequencing of wastewater captures unbiased lineage data, including cryptic asymptomatic and undiagnosed infections, and has been shown to detect infection outbreaks and novel variant emergence before detection in clinical samples. Here, we present an optimised protocol for quantification and sequencing of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in influent wastewater, used for high-throughput genomic surveillance in England during the COVID-19 pandemic. This protocol utilises reverse compliment PCR for library preparation, enabling tiled amplification across the whole viral genome and sequencing adapter addition in a single step to enhance efficiency. Sequencing of synthetic SARS-CoV-2 RNA provided evidence validating the efficacy of this protocol, while data from high-throughput sequencing of wastewater samples demonstrated the sensitivity of this method. We also provided guidance on the quality control steps required during library preparation and data analysis. Overall, this represents an effective method for high-throughput sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater which can be applied to other viruses and pathogens of humans and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry T. Child
- Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Paul A. O’Neill
- Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Karen Moore
- Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - William Rowe
- Analytics & Data Science Directorate, UK Health Security Agency, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hubert Denise
- Analytics & Data Science Directorate, UK Health Security Agency, London, United Kingdom
| | - David Bass
- International Centre of Excellence for Aquatic Animal Health, Weymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew J. Wade
- Analytics & Data Science Directorate, UK Health Security Agency, London, United Kingdom
| | - Matt Loose
- Deep Seq, Centre for Genetics and Genomics, Queen’s Medical Centre, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Steve Paterson
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Ronny van Aerle
- International Centre of Excellence for Aquatic Animal Health, Weymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Aaron R. Jeffries
- Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
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Bass D, Christison KW, Stentiford GD, Cook LSJ, Hartikainen H. Environmental DNA/RNA for pathogen and parasite detection, surveillance, and ecology. Trends Parasitol 2023; 39:285-304. [PMID: 36759269 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2022.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Detection of pathogens, parasites, and other symbionts in environmental samples via eDNA/eRNA (collectively eNA) is an increasingly important source of information about their occurrence and activity. There is great potential for using such detections as a proxy for infection of host organisms in connected habitats, for pathogen monitoring and surveillance, and for early warning systems for disease. However, many factors require consideration, and appropriate methods developed and verified, in order that eNA detections can be reliably interpreted and adopted for surveillance and assessment of disease risk, and potentially inclusion in international standards, such as the World Organisation for Animal Health guidelines. Disease manifestation results from host-symbiont-environment interactions between hosts, demanding a multifactorial approach to interpretation of eNA signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Bass
- International Centre of Excellence for Aquatic Animal Health, The Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Weymouth, UK; Sustainable Aquaculture Futures, Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, UK.
| | - Kevin W Christison
- Department of Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, 7535, South Africa; Department of Forestry, Fisheries and the Environment, Private Bag X2, Vlaeberg, 8012, South Africa
| | - Grant D Stentiford
- International Centre of Excellence for Aquatic Animal Health, The Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Weymouth, UK; Sustainable Aquaculture Futures, Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, UK
| | - Lauren S J Cook
- International Centre of Excellence for Aquatic Animal Health, The Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Weymouth, UK; Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham Hill, Egham TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Hanna Hartikainen
- University of Nottingham, School of Life Sciences, University Park, NG7 2RD, Nottingham, UK
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9
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Onuț-Brännström I, Stairs CW, Campos KIA, Thorén MH, Ettema TJG, Keeling PJ, Bass D, Burki F. A Mitosome With Distinct Metabolism in the Uncultured Protist Parasite Paramikrocytos canceri (Rhizaria, Ascetosporea). Genome Biol Evol 2023; 15:7039708. [PMID: 36790104 PMCID: PMC9998036 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evad022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Ascetosporea are endoparasites of marine invertebrates that include economically important pathogens of aquaculture species. Owing to their often-minuscule cell sizes, strict intracellular lifestyle, lack of cultured representatives and minimal availability of molecular data, these unicellular parasites remain poorly studied. Here, we sequenced and assembled the genome and transcriptome of Paramikrocytos canceri, an endoparasite isolated from the European edible crab Cancer pagurus. Using bioinformatic predictions, we show that P. canceri likely possesses a mitochondrion-related organelle (MRO) with highly reduced metabolism, resembling the mitosomes of other parasites but with key differences. Like other mitosomes, this MRO is predicted to have reduced metabolic capacity and lack an organellar genome and function in iron-sulfur cluster (ISC) pathway-mediated Fe-S cluster biosynthesis. However, the MRO in P. canceri is uniquely predicted to produce ATP via a partial glycolytic pathway and synthesize phospholipids de novo through the CDP-DAG pathway. Heterologous gene expression confirmed that proteins from the ISC and CDP-DAG pathways retain mitochondrial targeting sequences that are recognized by yeast mitochondria. This represents a unique combination of metabolic pathways in an MRO, including the first reported case of a mitosome-like organelle able to synthesize phospholipids de novo. Some of these phospholipids, such as phosphatidylserine, are vital in other protist endoparasites that invade their host through apoptotic mimicry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioana Onuț-Brännström
- Department of Organismal Biology, Program in Systematic Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Courtney W Stairs
- Microbiology Research Group, Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Markus Hiltunen Thorén
- Department of Organismal Biology, Program in Systematic Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Thijs J G Ettema
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick J Keeling
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - David Bass
- International Centre of Excellence for Aquatic Animal Health, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Weymouth, United Kingdom.,Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom.,Sustainable Aquaculture Futures, Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Fabien Burki
- Department of Organismal Biology, Program in Systematic Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Minyo M, Bass D, McCarthy C, Judge K, Perkins F, Beach D. AN EVIDENCE-BASED APPROACH TO TELEPHONE REASSURANCE CALLS: A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL PROTOCOL. Innov Aging 2022. [PMCID: PMC9772524 DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igac059.3011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 Pandemic forced many health and community organizations to suspend some previously offered services and supports for older adults. This created heightened concerns about negative impacts of isolation and loneliness on already vulnerable older adults. In response, the Western Reserve Area Agency on Aging (WRAAA) began the TeleCare Program, providing weekly telephone reassurance calls to home and congregate meal clients to maintain contact and identify unmet service needs. Because of its success, the TeleCare Program has continued as a regularly offered service, but the WRAAA sought to improve the Program by integrating it with BRI Care ConsultationTM, an evidence-based program of the Benjamin Rose Institute on Aging (BRIA). This poster reports on initial results of a randomized controlled trial to test the efficacy and feasibility of a new protocol for delivering telephone reassurance calls. The new protocol is modeled after the Initial Assessment in BRI Care Consultation, which is a semi-structured, telephone conversation covering a comprehensive range of potentials problems. The protocol also connects high-risk clients to existing available home- and community-based services. Results demonstrate that components of proven evidence-based interventions are feasible to integrate into existing programs and services. This includes adapting a model for problem-identification and assessment based on a consumer-driven conceptual framework, a record keeping system to enhance consistency and fidelity of program delivery, and establishing a formal referral protocol to more seamlessly link clients to other available services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan Minyo
- Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - David Bass
- The Benjamin Rose Institute on Aging, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | | | | | - Fatima Perkins
- Western Reserve Area Agency on Aging, Western Reserve Area Agency on Aging, Ohio, United States
| | - Douglas Beach
- Western Reserve Area Agency on Aging, Western Reserve Area Agency on Aging, Ohio, United States
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MacNeil A, Judge K, Bass D. PREDICTING DYADIC RELATIONSHIP STRAIN IN INDIVIDUALS WITH DEMENTIA. Innov Aging 2022. [PMCID: PMC9766909 DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igac059.2795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent literature has addressed the perceptions of individuals with dementia to understand how they experience their illness, with evidence suggesting these perceptions are impactful. Few studies, however, have used a conceptual model to explore different aspects of the illness. One aspect to consider is dyadic relationship strain, or feelings of tension, manipulation, and stress between the individual and caregiver. Little work has addressed this strain from the perspective of the individual with dementia who may have different feelings about the quality of the relationship. Cognition and function are two hallmark symptoms in dementia, however little work has addressed how the perception of these two areas impacts the illness experience. Perceptions of difficulties in these two areas may impact dyadic relationship strain as they necessitate increased care and changes in the relationship. Guided by the Stress Process Model for Individuals with Dementia, this study assessed potential predictors of dyadic relationship strain, finding personal activities of daily living (PADLs) to be impactful. In a multiple regression, PADLS (b=.319, p = 02) predicted strain above and beyond two measures of cognition: objective cognitive impairment (b =-.011, p =.93) and perceived memory difficulty (b=.003, p=.311) suggesting that perceived function is impactful for dyadic relationship strain. Because PADLS include more hands-on assistance, the perception of difficulty may create more feelings of embarrassment or stress and impact the perception of relationship strain. Future intervention work may target perceptions of function to improve the dyadic relationship by using techniques such as open communication about difficulties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda MacNeil
- Cleveland State University, Fairview Park, Ohio, United States
| | | | - David Bass
- The Benjamin Rose Institute on Aging, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
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12
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Powers S, Cannon R, Bass D, Pongan L, Le O, Darby N. CARING FOR THOSE WHO CARE: EVALUATION OF A COMPREHENSIVE CULTURAL COMPETENCY TRAINING CURRICULUM. Innov Aging 2022. [PMCID: PMC9767099 DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igac059.2352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
By 2030, nearly 3 in 10 older Americans will identify as a member of a diverse or underrepresented group. To better support diverse, aging communities and help professionals meet the growing needs of family and friend caregivers, the Diverse Elders Coalition developed a comprehensive cultural competency training curriculum that, in the first year of development, engaged over 2,500 healthcare and social service providers. To evaluate the short and long-term impact of the training curriculum, this paper focuses on two types of anonymous evaluations that were electronically distributed to training attendees: 1) Subjective knowledge post-tests (n=162), and 2) 3-month post-training follow-ups (n=232). Majority of participants identified as female, White/Caucasian, and earned at least a college degree. Upon completion of the trainings, participants reported improved subjective knowledge about diverse communities, more confidence and preparedness to meet diverse caregivers’ needs, and also indicated that because of the training they would engage in a variety of diversity related actions (e.g., use more inclusive language, share training resources with colleagues, attend additional diversity trainings). At the 3-month follow-up, 91.8% of respondents reported they engaged in two or more diversity related actions since attending the training. Respondents (73.8%) also indicated that their organization engaged in one or more diversity-related actions since attending the training (e.g., provided staff additional diversity-related trainings, translated materials). Discussion will focus on ways to improve healthcare and social service providers’ advocacy efforts and awareness surrounding the needs of older adults and caregivers from diverse communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Powers
- The Benjamin Rose Institute on Aging, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Rachel Cannon
- The Benjamin Rose Institute on Aging, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - David Bass
- The Benjamin Rose Institute on Aging, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Lauren Pongan
- Diverse Elders Coalition, New York, New York, United States
| | - Ocean Le
- Diverse Elders Coalition, New York, New York, United States
| | - Nina Darby
- Diverse Elders Coalition, New York, New York, United States
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13
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Bateman KS, Stentiford GD, Kerr R, Hooper C, White P, Edwards M, Ross S, Hazelgrove R, Daumich C, Green MJ, Ivory D, Evans C, Bass D. Amoebic crab disease (ACD) in edible crab Cancer pagurus from the English Channel, UK. Dis Aquat Organ 2022; 150:1-16. [PMID: 35796507 DOI: 10.3354/dao03668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The genera Paramoeba and Neoparamoeba (Amoebozoa, Dactylopodida, Paramoebidae) include well-known opportunistic pathogens associated with fish (N. peruans; amoebic gill disease), lobsters, molluscs and sea urchins, but only rarely with crabs (grey crab disease of blue crabs). Following reports of elevated post-capture mortality in edible crabs Cancer pagurus captured from a site within the English Channel fishery in the UK, a novel disease (amoebic crab disease, ACD) was detected in significant proportions of the catch. We present histopathological, transmission electron microscopy and molecular phylogenetic data, showing that this disease is defined by colonization of haemolymph, connective tissues and fixed phagocytes by amoeboid cells, leading to tissue destruction and presumably death in severely diseased hosts. The pathology was strongly associated with a novel amoeba with a phylogenetic position on 18S rRNA gene trees robustly sister to Janickina pigmentifera (which groups within the current circumscription of Paramoeba/Neoparamoeba), herein described as Janickina feisti n. sp. We provide evidence that J. feisti is associated with ACD in 50% of C. pagurus sampled from the mortality event. A diversity of other paramoebid sequence types, clustering with known radiations of N. pemaquidensis and N. aestuarina and a novel N. aestuarina sequence type, was detected by PCR in most of the crabs investigated, but their detection was much less strongly associated with clinical signs of disease. The discovery of ACD in edible crabs from the UK is discussed relative to published historical health surveys for this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Bateman
- International Centre of Excellence for Aquatic Animal Health, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Barrack Road, The Nothe, Weymouth DT4 8UB, UK
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14
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Skujina I, Hooper C, Bass D, Feist SW, Bateman KS, Villalba A, Carballal MJ, Iglesias D, Cao A, Ward GM, Ryder DRG, Bignell JP, Kerr R, Ross S, Hazelgrove R, Macarie NA, Prentice M, King N, Thorpe J, Malham SK, McKeown NJ, Ironside JE. Discovery of the parasite Marteilia cocosarum sp. nov. In common cockle (Cerastoderma edule) fisheries in Wales, UK and its comparison with Marteilia cochillia. J Invertebr Pathol 2022; 192:107786. [PMID: 35700790 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2022.107786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Diseases of bivalve molluscs caused by paramyxid parasites of the genus Marteilia have been linked to mass mortalities and the collapse of commercially important shellfish populations. Until recently, no Marteilia spp. have been detected in common cockle (Cerastoderma edule) populations in the British Isles. Molecular screening of cockles from ten sites on the Welsh coast indicates that a Marteilia parasite is widespread in Welsh C. edule populations, including major fisheries. Phylogenetic analysis of ribosomal DNA (rDNA) gene sequences from this parasite indicates that it is a closely related but different species to Marteilia cochillia, a parasite linked to mass mortality of C. edule fisheries in Spain, and that both are related to Marteilia octospora, for which we provide new rDNA sequence data. Preliminary light and transmission electron microscope (TEM) observations support this conclusion, indicating that the parasite from Wales is located primarily within areas of inflammation in the gills and the connective tissue of the digestive gland, whereas M. cochillia is found mainly within the epithelium of the digestive gland. The impact of infection by the new species, here described as Marteilia cocosarum n. sp., upon Welsh fisheries is currently unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilze Skujina
- Institute of Biological, Environmental & Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, Wales, UK
| | - Chantelle Hooper
- International Centre of Excellence for Aquatic Animal Health, The Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Weymouth, UK
| | - David Bass
- International Centre of Excellence for Aquatic Animal Health, The Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Weymouth, UK; Sustainable Aquaculture Futures, Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter UK; Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, UK
| | - Stephen W Feist
- International Centre of Excellence for Aquatic Animal Health, The Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Weymouth, UK
| | - Kelly S Bateman
- International Centre of Excellence for Aquatic Animal Health, The Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Weymouth, UK
| | - Antonio Villalba
- Centro de Investigacións Mariñas, Vilanova de Arousa, Spain; Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida, Universdad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology, University of the Basque Country, Plentzia, Spain
| | | | - David Iglesias
- Centro de Investigacións Mariñas, Vilanova de Arousa, Spain
| | - Asunción Cao
- Centro de Investigacións Mariñas, Vilanova de Arousa, Spain
| | - Georgia M Ward
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, UK
| | - David R G Ryder
- International Centre of Excellence for Aquatic Animal Health, The Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Weymouth, UK
| | - John P Bignell
- International Centre of Excellence for Aquatic Animal Health, The Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Weymouth, UK
| | - Rose Kerr
- International Centre of Excellence for Aquatic Animal Health, The Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Weymouth, UK
| | - Stuart Ross
- International Centre of Excellence for Aquatic Animal Health, The Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Weymouth, UK
| | - Richard Hazelgrove
- International Centre of Excellence for Aquatic Animal Health, The Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Weymouth, UK
| | - Nicolae A Macarie
- Institute of Biological, Environmental & Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, Wales, UK
| | - Melanie Prentice
- Institute of Biological, Environmental & Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, Wales, UK
| | - Nathan King
- School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University, Menai Bridge, Anglesey, UK
| | - Jamie Thorpe
- School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University, Menai Bridge, Anglesey, UK
| | - Shelagh K Malham
- School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University, Menai Bridge, Anglesey, UK
| | - Niall J McKeown
- Institute of Biological, Environmental & Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, Wales, UK
| | - Joseph E Ironside
- Institute of Biological, Environmental & Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, Wales, UK.
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15
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Bøgwald M, Skår CK, Karlsbakk E, Alfjorden A, Feist SW, Bass D, Mortensen S. Infection cycle of Marteilia pararefringens in blue mussels Mytilus edulis in a heliothermic marine oyster lagoon in Norway. Dis Aquat Organ 2022; 148:153-166. [PMID: 35445663 DOI: 10.3354/dao03651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Agapollen is a traditional heliothermic marine oyster lagoon in western Norway, representing the northernmost site of any Marteilia sp. protists detected in Europe. The semi-closed lagoon is a unique site to study the life cycle and development of M. pararefringens in naïve mussels. Two baskets with uninfected mussels were deployed in the lagoon outlet in May and October 2018, respectively, and sampled every 6 wk. The parasite was first detected in the mussels by PCR in early July and by histology in late August. By then, M. pararefringens had developed into mature stages, indicating a rapid development during mid-summer. Sporulation occurred during autumn. Mussels deployed in October never became infected, indicating that transmission was restricted to the warmest period of the year. Pronounced pathology was observed in infected mussels, including degenerated digestive tubules and infiltration of haemocytes. Mussel mortality was observed in the baskets, but whether this was due to infections of M. pararefringens or other environmental factors could not be determined. Plankton samples from the lagoon were also collected for PCR analysis. These samples, dominated by copepods, were positive for M. pararefringens in summer. In sorted samples, M. pararefringens was detected in the Acartia spp. and Paracartia grani fractions between July and October. These plankton copepods are therefore potentially involved in the life cycle of M. pararefringens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mats Bøgwald
- Institute of Marine Research, 5005 Bergen, Norway
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16
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Collins E, Ward GM, Bateman KS, Cheslett DL, Hooper C, Feist SW, Ironside JE, Morrissey T, O'Toole C, Tully O, Ross SH, Stentiford GD, Swords F, Urrutia A, Bass D. High prevalence of Paramarteilia canceri infecting velvet swimming crabs Necora puber in Ireland. Dis Aquat Organ 2022; 148:167-181. [PMID: 35445664 DOI: 10.3354/dao03652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The velvet swimming crab Necora puber has been fished in Ireland since the early 1980s and contributes significant income to smaller fishing vessels. From 2016 onwards, reduced landings have been reported. We undertook a full pathological investigation of crabs from fishing grounds at 3 sites on the west (Galway), southwest (Castletownbere) and east (Howth) coasts of Ireland. Histopathology, transmission electron microscopy and molecular taxonomic and phylogenetic analyses showed high prevalence and infection level of Paramarteilia canceri, previously only reported from the edible crab Cancer pagurus. This study provides the first molecular data for P. canceri, and shows its phylogenetic position in the order Paramyxida (Rhizaria). Other parasites and symbionts detected in the crabs were also noted, including widespread but low co-infection with Hematodinium sp. and a microsporidian consistent with the Ameson and Nadelspora genera. This is the first histological record of Hematodinium sp. in velvet crabs from Ireland. Four N. puber individuals across 2 sites were co-infected by P. canceri and Hematodinium sp. At one site, 3 velvet crabs infected with P. canceri were co-infected with the first microsporidian recorded from this host; the microsporidian 18S sequence was almost identical to Ameson pulvis, known to infect European shore crabs Carcinus maenas. The study provides a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of this and all other available Ameson and Nadelspora 18S sequences. Together, these findings provide a baseline for further investigations of N. puber populations along the coast of Ireland.
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Wong GS, Bass D, Chen IY, Thomas R, Velez MJ, Hobbs SK. Imaging and Clinical Findings in a Series of Six Cases of Rare Primary Mediastinal Liposarcoma. Radiol Cardiothorac Imaging 2022; 4:e210259. [PMID: 35506134 DOI: 10.1148/ryct.210259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Primary mediastinal liposarcoma is a rare, fat-containing malignant lesion that can manifest incidentally with varied imaging appearances. The size and location within the mediastinum can vary among patients. Here, the authors describe the clinical presentation, radiographic characteristics, management, and prognosis in a series of six patients with primary mediastinal liposarcoma. The following case series suggests that even simple-appearing fatty intrathoracic lesions may lead to the development of malignant imaging features. Keywords: Conventional Radiography, CT, MR Imaging, PET/CT, Soft Tissues/Skin, Thorax, Mediastinum ©RSNA, 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon S Wong
- School of Medicine and Dentistry (G.S.W.), Department of Imaging Sciences (D.B., S.K.H.), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (I.Y.C., M.J.V.), and Department of Gastroenterology (R.T.), University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14642
| | - David Bass
- School of Medicine and Dentistry (G.S.W.), Department of Imaging Sciences (D.B., S.K.H.), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (I.Y.C., M.J.V.), and Department of Gastroenterology (R.T.), University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14642
| | - Irene Y Chen
- School of Medicine and Dentistry (G.S.W.), Department of Imaging Sciences (D.B., S.K.H.), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (I.Y.C., M.J.V.), and Department of Gastroenterology (R.T.), University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14642
| | - Raymond Thomas
- School of Medicine and Dentistry (G.S.W.), Department of Imaging Sciences (D.B., S.K.H.), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (I.Y.C., M.J.V.), and Department of Gastroenterology (R.T.), University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14642
| | - Moises J Velez
- School of Medicine and Dentistry (G.S.W.), Department of Imaging Sciences (D.B., S.K.H.), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (I.Y.C., M.J.V.), and Department of Gastroenterology (R.T.), University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14642
| | - Susan K Hobbs
- School of Medicine and Dentistry (G.S.W.), Department of Imaging Sciences (D.B., S.K.H.), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (I.Y.C., M.J.V.), and Department of Gastroenterology (R.T.), University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14642
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18
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Diggles BK, Bass D, Bateman KS, Chong R, Daumich C, Hawkins KA, Hazelgrove R, Kerr R, Moody NJG, Ross S, Stentiford GD. Haplosporidium acetes n. sp. infecting the hepatopancreas of jelly prawns Acetes sibogae australis from Moreton Bay, Australia. J Invertebr Pathol 2022; 190:107751. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2022.107751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Gerges L, D’Angelo K, Bass D, Haghshenas A, Kersten DJ, Ahluwalia M, Zelster R, Makaryus AN. Cardiac conduction disturbances in rheumatologic disease: a cross-sectional study. Am J Cardiovasc Dis 2022; 12:31-37. [PMID: 35291510 PMCID: PMC8918736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular abnormalities are common in patients with rheumatologic disorders. Tachy-arrhythmias occur more frequently in these patients than the general population; however, the prevalence of bradyarrhythmias in this group is less clear. This investigation aimed to analyze the incidence and predictors of bradyarrhythmias and conduction disturbances, as well as the presence and influence of cardiologist management, in patients with rheumatologic disorders. METHODS We performed a retrospective chart review of 57 consecutive patients with rheumatologic conditions evaluated at a tertiary-care safety-net hospital. Conduction disturbances were defined by any electrocardiogram (ECG) finding indicating: bradycardia, sinoatrial block of any degree, atrioventricular nodal block of any degree, left anterior or posterior fascicular block, non-specific intraventricular conduction delay, complete or incomplete right bundle branch block, left bundle branch block, or paced rhythm. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to assess the association of relative predictors of conduction disturbance, the primary outcome of this investigation, as well as the secondary outcome of cardiologist involvement in patient care. Statistical significance was defined as P<0.05. Variables found to be statistically significant in a univariate analysis were included in a multivariable logistic regression analysis. RESULTS The most common rheumatologic condition in our patient population was systemic lupus erythematous (21 patients, 36.8%) followed by gout (15 patients, 26.3%), rheumatoid arthritis (13 patients, 22.8%), sarcoidosis (6 patients, 10.5%), and two patients (3.5%) with other autoimmune diseases. A total of 31.6% of patients in this study were found to have conduction disturbances, higher than the prevalence of conduction disturbances in the general population. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed significantly increased odds for conduction disturbances with increased age (odds ratio (OR): 1.05, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01-1.10, P<0.05). Similar analysis for the involvement of a cardiologist in the care of a patient with a rheumatologic disorder found increased odds for cardiologist involvement with advanced age (OR: 1.05, 95% CI: 1.002-1.09, P<0.05) and cardiovascular disease (OR: 5.0, 95% CI 1.24-21.90, P<0.05). CONCLUSION Prevalence of conduction abnormalities is greater in rheumatologic patients than the general population. Odds for conduction abnormalities increased with age; and the odds of cardiologist involvement increased with age and cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Gerges
- Department of Cardiology, Nassau University Medical CenterEast Meadow, NY 11554, USA
| | - Kyla D’Angelo
- Department of Cardiology, Nassau University Medical CenterEast Meadow, NY 11554, USA
| | - David Bass
- Department of Cardiology, Nassau University Medical CenterEast Meadow, NY 11554, USA
| | - Arezoo Haghshenas
- Department of Medicine, Nassau University Medical CenterEast Meadow, NY 11554, USA
| | - Daniel J Kersten
- New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic MedicineOld Westbury, NY 11568, USA
| | - Manmeet Ahluwalia
- Department of Medicine, Nassau University Medical CenterEast Meadow, NY 11554, USA
| | - Roman Zelster
- Department of Cardiology, Nassau University Medical CenterEast Meadow, NY 11554, USA
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/NorthwellHempstead, NY 11549, USA
| | - Amgad N Makaryus
- Department of Cardiology, Nassau University Medical CenterEast Meadow, NY 11554, USA
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/NorthwellHempstead, NY 11549, USA
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20
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Kirkman ER, Hilton S, Sethuraman G, Elias DMO, Taylor A, Clarkson J, Soh AC, Bass D, Ooi GT, McNamara NP, Bending GD. Diversity and Ecological Guild Analysis of the Oil Palm Fungal Microbiome Across Root, Rhizosphere, and Soil Compartments. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:792928. [PMID: 35222328 PMCID: PMC8874247 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.792928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The rhizosphere microbiome is a major determinant of plant health, which can interact with the host directly and indirectly to promote or suppress productivity. Oil palm is one of the world’s most important crops, constituting over a third of global vegetable oil production. Currently there is little understanding of the oil palm microbiome and its contribution to plant health and productivity, with existing knowledge based almost entirely on culture dependent studies. We investigated the diversity and composition of the oil palm fungal microbiome in the bulk soil, rhizosphere soil, and roots of 2-, 18-, and 35-year old plantations in Selangor, Malaysia. The fungal community showed substantial variation between the plantations, accounting for 19.7% of community composition, with compartment (root, rhizosphere soil, and bulk soil), and soil properties (pH, C, N, and P) contributing 6.5 and 7.2% of community variation, respectively. Rhizosphere soil and roots supported distinct communities compared to the bulk soil, with significant enrichment of Agaricomycetes, Glomeromycetes, and Lecanoromycetes in roots. Several putative plant pathogens were abundant in roots in all the plantations, including taxa related to Prospodicola mexicana and Pleurostoma sp. The mycorrhizal status and dependency of oil palm has yet to be established, and using 18S rRNA primers we found considerable between-site variation in Glomeromycotinian community composition, accounting for 31.2% of variation. There was evidence for the selection of Glomeromycotinian communities in oil palm roots in the older plantations but compartment had a weak effect on community composition, accounting for 3.9% of variation, while soil variables accounted for 9% of community variation. While diverse Mucoromycotinian fungi were detected, they showed very low abundance and diversity within roots compared to bulk soil, and were not closely related to taxa which have been linked to fine root endophyte mycorrhizal morphology. Many of the fungal sequences showed low similarity to established genera, indicating the presence of substantial novel diversity with significance for plant health within the oil palm microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor R. Kirkman
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Sally Hilton
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Gomathy Sethuraman
- Crops for the Future Research Centre, Semenyih, Malaysia
- Faculty of Science, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Dafydd M. O. Elias
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Bailrigg, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Taylor
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - John Clarkson
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Aik Chin Soh
- Crops for the Future Research Centre, Semenyih, Malaysia
| | - David Bass
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Weymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Gin Teng Ooi
- Crops for the Future Research Centre, Semenyih, Malaysia
| | - Niall P. McNamara
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Bailrigg, United Kingdom
| | - Gary D. Bending
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Gary D. Bending,
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21
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Stentiford GD, Peeler EJ, Tyler CR, Bickley LK, Holt CC, Bass D, Turner AD, Baker-Austin C, Ellis T, Lowther JA, Posen PE, Bateman KS, Verner-Jeffreys DW, van Aerle R, Stone DM, Paley R, Trent A, Katsiadaki I, Higman WA, Maskrey BH, Devlin MJ, Lyons BP, Hartnell DM, Younger AD, Bersuder P, Warford L, Losada S, Clarke K, Hynes C, Dewar A, Greenhill B, Huk M, Franks J, Dal-Molin F, Hartnell RE. A seafood risk tool for assessing and mitigating chemical and pathogen hazards in the aquaculture supply chain. Nat Food 2022; 3:169-178. [PMID: 37117966 DOI: 10.1038/s43016-022-00465-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Intricate links between aquatic animals and their environment expose them to chemical and pathogenic hazards, which can disrupt seafood supply. Here we outline a risk schema for assessing potential impacts of chemical and microbial hazards on discrete subsectors of aquaculture-and control measures that may protect supply. As national governments develop strategies to achieve volumetric expansion in seafood production from aquaculture to meet increasing demand, we propose an urgent need for simultaneous focus on controlling those hazards that limit its production, harvesting, processing, trade and safe consumption. Policies aligning national and international water quality control measures for minimizing interaction with, and impact of, hazards on seafood supply will be critical as consumers increasingly rely on the aquaculture sector to supply safe, nutritious and healthy diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- G D Stentiford
- Weymouth Laboratory, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Weymouth, UK.
- Centre for Sustainable Aquaculture Futures, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.
| | - E J Peeler
- Weymouth Laboratory, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Weymouth, UK
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - C R Tyler
- Centre for Sustainable Aquaculture Futures, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
- Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - L K Bickley
- Centre for Sustainable Aquaculture Futures, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
- Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - C C Holt
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - D Bass
- Weymouth Laboratory, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Weymouth, UK
- Centre for Sustainable Aquaculture Futures, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - A D Turner
- Weymouth Laboratory, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Weymouth, UK
- Centre for Sustainable Aquaculture Futures, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - C Baker-Austin
- Weymouth Laboratory, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Weymouth, UK
- Centre for Sustainable Aquaculture Futures, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - T Ellis
- Weymouth Laboratory, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Weymouth, UK
| | - J A Lowther
- Weymouth Laboratory, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Weymouth, UK
| | - P E Posen
- Weymouth Laboratory, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Weymouth, UK
| | - K S Bateman
- Weymouth Laboratory, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Weymouth, UK
- Centre for Sustainable Aquaculture Futures, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - D W Verner-Jeffreys
- Weymouth Laboratory, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Weymouth, UK
- Centre for Sustainable Aquaculture Futures, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - R van Aerle
- Weymouth Laboratory, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Weymouth, UK
- Centre for Sustainable Aquaculture Futures, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - D M Stone
- Weymouth Laboratory, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Weymouth, UK
| | - R Paley
- Weymouth Laboratory, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Weymouth, UK
| | - A Trent
- Weymouth Laboratory, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Weymouth, UK
| | - I Katsiadaki
- Weymouth Laboratory, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Weymouth, UK
- Centre for Sustainable Aquaculture Futures, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - W A Higman
- Weymouth Laboratory, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Weymouth, UK
| | - B H Maskrey
- Weymouth Laboratory, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Weymouth, UK
| | - M J Devlin
- Lowestoft Laboratory, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Lowestoft, UK
| | - B P Lyons
- Weymouth Laboratory, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Weymouth, UK
| | - D M Hartnell
- Weymouth Laboratory, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Weymouth, UK
| | - A D Younger
- Weymouth Laboratory, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Weymouth, UK
| | - P Bersuder
- Lowestoft Laboratory, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Lowestoft, UK
| | - L Warford
- Lowestoft Laboratory, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Lowestoft, UK
| | - S Losada
- Lowestoft Laboratory, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Lowestoft, UK
| | - K Clarke
- Lowestoft Laboratory, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Lowestoft, UK
| | - C Hynes
- Lowestoft Laboratory, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Lowestoft, UK
| | - A Dewar
- Lowestoft Laboratory, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Lowestoft, UK
| | - B Greenhill
- Lowestoft Laboratory, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Lowestoft, UK
| | - M Huk
- Lowestoft Laboratory, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Lowestoft, UK
| | - J Franks
- Lowestoft Laboratory, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Lowestoft, UK
| | - F Dal-Molin
- Lowestoft Laboratory, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Lowestoft, UK
| | - R E Hartnell
- Weymouth Laboratory, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Weymouth, UK.
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22
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Paillard C, Gueguen Y, Wegner KM, Bass D, Pallavicini A, Vezzulli L, Arzul I. Recent advances in bivalve-microbiota interactions for disease prevention in aquaculture. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2022; 73:225-232. [PMID: 34571318 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2021.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In bivalves, no clear-cut functional role of microbiota has yet been identified, although many publications suggest that they could be involved in nutrition or immunity of their host. In the context of climate change, integrative approaches at the crossroads of disciplines have been developed to explore the environment-host-pathogen-microbiota system. Here, we attempt to synthesize work on (1) the current methodologies to analyse bivalve microbiota, (2) the comparison of microbiota between species, between host compartments and their surrounding habitat, (3) how the bivalve microbiota are governed by environmental factors and host genetics and (4) how host-associated microorganisms act as a buffer against pathogens and/or promote recovery, and could thereby play a role in the prevention of disease or mortalities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yannick Gueguen
- IHPE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, UPVD, Montpellier, France.
| | - K Mathias Wegner
- Alfred Wegener Institute - Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Coastal Ecology, Waddensea Station Sylt, D-25992 List, Germany
| | - David Bass
- International Centre of Excellence for Aquatic Animal Health, Centre for Environment Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Weymouth Laboratory, Weymouth, DT4 8UB Dorset, UK; Centre for Sustainable Aquaculture Futures, University of Exeter, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, EX4 4QD Exeter, UK; Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, SW7 5BD London, UK
| | - Alberto Pallavicini
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgeri 5, 34126 Trieste, Italy; National Institute of Oceanography and Applied Geophysics, via Piccard 54, 34151 Trieste, Italy
| | - Luigi Vezzulli
- Department of Earth, Environmental and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genoa, Corso Europa 26, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Isabelle Arzul
- Ifremer, RBE-SG2M-LGPMM, Station de La Tremblade, Avenue de Mus de Loup, F-17390 La Tremblade, France.
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23
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Itoïz S, Metz S, Derelle E, Reñé A, Garcés E, Bass D, Soudant P, Chambouvet A. Emerging Parasitic Protists: The Case of Perkinsea. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:735815. [PMID: 35095782 PMCID: PMC8792838 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.735815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The last century has witnessed an increasing rate of new disease emergence across the world leading to permanent loss of biodiversity. Perkinsea is a microeukaryotic parasitic phylum composed of four main lineages of parasitic protists with broad host ranges. Some of them represent major ecological and economical threats because of their geographically invasive ability and pathogenicity (leading to mortality events). In marine environments, three lineages are currently described, the Parviluciferaceae, the Perkinsidae, and the Xcellidae, infecting, respectively, dinoflagellates, mollusks, and fish. In contrast, only one lineage is officially described in freshwater environments: the severe Perkinsea infectious agent infecting frog tadpoles. The advent of high-throughput sequencing methods, mainly based on 18S rRNA assays, showed that Perkinsea is far more diverse than the previously four described lineages especially in freshwater environments. Indeed, some lineages could be parasites of green microalgae, but a formal nature of the interaction needs to be explored. Hence, to date, most of the newly described aquatic clusters are only defined by their environmental sequences and are still not (yet) associated with any host. The unveiling of this microbial black box presents a multitude of research challenges to understand their ecological roles and ultimately to prevent their most negative impacts. This review summarizes the biological and ecological traits of Perkinsea-their diversity, life cycle, host preferences, pathogenicity, and highlights their diversity and ubiquity in association with a wide range of hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Itoïz
- Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, LEMAR, Plouzané, France
| | | | | | - Albert Reñé
- Departament de Biologia Marina i Oceanografia, Institut de Ciències del Mar, CSIC, Pg. Marítim de la Barceloneta, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esther Garcés
- Departament de Biologia Marina i Oceanografia, Institut de Ciències del Mar, CSIC, Pg. Marítim de la Barceloneta, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Bass
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Weymouth, United Kingdom
- Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom
- Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | | | - Aurélie Chambouvet
- Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, LEMAR, Plouzané, France
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 7144 Adaptation et Diversité en Milieu Marin, Ecology of Marine Plankton (ECOMAP), Station Biologique de Roscoff SBR, Roscoff, France
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24
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Schaffer R, Ciancibello A, Bass D, Powers S. Experiences From Healthcare and Community Organizations Delivering Evidence-Based Dementia Caregiving Programs. Innov Aging 2021. [PMCID: PMC8679420 DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igab046.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Best Practice Caregiving surveyed 324 healthcare and community organizations that replicated one or more of the 44 evidence-based programs about delivery organization characteristics, delivery staff, caregivers and persons with dementia served, funding sources, delivery challenges, perceived impact, and satisfaction. 211 (65.1%) organizations completed surveys about 30 different evidence-based programs. The most common types of organizations that delivered programs were healthcare organizations (23.8%) and Area Agencies on Aging (23.8%). Results showed on average organizations delivered programs for 49 months and served 68 families/year. The most common program delivery challenges were marketing (69.8%) and engaging participants (66.3%). Organizations generally agreed that programs had positive impacts on caregivers (59.5% strongly agree) but were less positive about benefits for persons with dementia (25.1% strongly agree). Discussion provides insights into successes and challenges organizations face when adopting evidence-based dementia caregiving programs in their communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Schaffer
- Benjamin Rose Institute on Aging, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | | | - David Bass
- Benjamin Rose Institute on Aging, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Sara Powers
- Benjamin Rose Institute on Aging, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
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25
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Minyo M, Bass D, McCarthy K, Judge K. Psychometric Testing of the BRI Unmet Need Instrument: A Comprehensive Measure of Dementia Caregivers' Needs. Innov Aging 2021. [PMCID: PMC8679369 DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igab046.1253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Compared to non-dementia caregivers, family/friend caregivers of individuals with dementia experience more negative caregiving consequences. One reason is the myriad of negatively impacted life domains including: managing symptoms; family communication; financial and legal matters; and finding and coordinating services. Few psychometrically tested measures exist for assessing the range of potential unmet needs of dementia caregivers. Such a measure would describe the frequency and correlates of unmet needs and provide a key outcome for intervention research. This study tested the psychometric properties of a comprehensive measure of unmet needs, the BRI Unmet Need Instrument. Data from 192 family/friend dementia caregivers was used to test reliability and four validity types. Results showed total unmet needs, as well as its nine subscales, had good reliability (Cronbach’s alpha .70 - .95). Discriminant validity was confirmed through factor analyses of the 45 unmet needs and items in measures of depression and care-related strain. Unmet need items loaded on separate factors that were deemed acceptable (.72-.38). Predictive validity was assessed by the association with depression, which was significant and an acceptable range (r = .22, p < .01). Convergent validity was confirmed by significant associations with three caregiver strain measures, mastery (r = .40, p <.01), emotional strain (r = .19, p < .01), and relationship strain (r = .15, p <.05). Good structural validity for nine predetermined unmet needs subscales was found using principal component analysis (loadings = .82-.39). Results suggest the BRI Unmet Needs Instrument is a ready-to-use, reliable and valid comprehensive measure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan Minyo
- Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - David Bass
- Benjamin Rose Institute on Aging, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Kate McCarthy
- Benjamin Rose Institute on Aging, Benjamin Rose Institute on Aging, Ohio, United States
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26
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Ciancibello A, Bass D, Schaffer R, Powers S. Types of Assistances of Evidence-Based Dementia Caregiving Programs: Data Results and Future Directions. Innov Aging 2021. [PMCID: PMC8679306 DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igab046.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A key feature displayed in Best Practice Caregiving are the types of assistances. Data on 54 areas of care were collected for all 44 programs. These were analyzed through factor analysis and grouped into 19 types of assistance. Types were analyzed by the number of assistances provided, delivery method, and recipient of assistance. On average, programs delivered 11.8 types of assistances, with the most common types being Supporting CG/Individual-with-Dementia (IWD) Communication, Encouraging Positive CG-IWD Activities, and Assisting with Coping (93.2%), with the least common being Getting a Dementia Diagnosis (29.5%) and Monitoring Benefits of Services (20.5%). Assistance was delivered most often through information/referral delivery (M=11.07, SD=5.41) than direct (M=3.77, SD=4.54) or skills training (M= 7.50, SD=4.54). Results of the data show the breadth and characteristics of assistances programs provide to support caregivers of persons with dementia, along with gaps in types of assistances and future directions for programs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David Bass
- Benjamin Rose Institute on Aging, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Rachel Schaffer
- Benjamin Rose Institute on Aging, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Sara Powers
- Benjamin Rose Institute on Aging, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
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27
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Bass D, Ciancibello A, Schaffer R, Powers S. Description and Demo of the Best Practice Caregiving Database on 44 Research Proven Dementia Caregiving Programs. Innov Aging 2021. [PMCID: PMC8679453 DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igab046.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
A major advance in family caregiving has been the development, testing, and community delivery of research-proven, evidence-based support programs for family or friend caregivers of persons living with dementia. This presentation showcases and demos Best Practice Caregiving (BPC), a new online resource with comprehensive profiles for 44 of the top evidence-based dementia caregiving programs that are ready for scaling in communities. For these 44 programs, BPC is a database that presents key research findings with links to all its published articles, comprehensive program descriptions including all implementation features, and survey data on program delivery experiences from 324 healthcare and community organizations that offered the program as a regular part of their service portfolio 2019. BPC enables professionals to make side-by-side comparisons of the 44 programs, with the goal of increasing implementations of these evidence-based programs by healthcare and community service organizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Bass
- Benjamin Rose Institute on Aging, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | | | - Rachel Schaffer
- Benjamin Rose Institute on Aging, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Sara Powers
- Benjamin Rose Institute on Aging, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
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28
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Minyo M, Powers S, Ciancibello A, Schaffer R, Bass D. Exploring Well-Being Outcomes Among Persons Living with Dementia: Self-Reports Versus Caregiver Proxy Reports. Innov Aging 2021. [PMCID: PMC8681202 DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igab046.2759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Literature documents positive effects of religion and spirituality on health including improved cognitive function, quality of life, and well-being. Extant research suggests that persons living with dementia (PWD) are more likely to have spiritual needs and rely on others to support their spiritual well-being than those without dementia. However, spiritual care is absent or minimally present in dementia care. To effectively address spiritual needs of PWDs, accurate screening and assessment is critical. We conducted an integrative review of the current literature on measures of religion and spiritualty for PWDs by searching five databases (ATLA Religion, CINAHL, PsychInfo, PubMed, and SocIndex) and identified 14 studies that were peer-reviewed original research articles focusing on assessment of religion/spirituality among PWDs and published between 2000-2020 in English. Most were conducted in Europe (n=7), included PWD in mild stage (n=68) from various settings, and were cross-sectional in design (n=8). Of a total of 17 measures identified, 6 were originally developed for the general population and then adapted for PWD, and only 3 were validated for PWD. A majority of the studies were limited in sample size, generalizability, methodological rigor, and measure validation. More research is needed using diverse samples and rigorous study designs to develop valid screening and assessment tools for this population. Improving religious and spiritual measures could greatly impact public health by improving quality of life for millions of individuals suffering from dementia and their caregivers who carry a heavy burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan Minyo
- Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Sara Powers
- Benjamin Rose Institute on Aging, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | | | - Rachel Schaffer
- Benjamin Rose Institute on Aging, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - David Bass
- Benjamin Rose Institute on Aging, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
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29
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MacNeil A, Judge K, McCarthy K, Bass D. The Illness Experience of Veterans With Dementia: Perceived Measures Related to Depressive Symptoms. Innov Aging 2021. [PMCID: PMC8681739 DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igab046.3126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Recent work has examined how individuals with dementia (IWDs) experience their illness, although few studies have looked at IWDs who report heightened depressive symptoms, a key well-being outcome. Stressing the ability of IWDs to self-report and guided by the Stress Process Model for Individuals with Dementia, this study examined the relationships between depressive symptoms and various aspects of the illness experience including objective cognition, perceived memory difficulty, perceived functional difficulty, and dyadic relationship strain. The sample includes IWDs with mild to severe dementia who are veterans (N=69). Significant positive correlations emerged between depressive symptoms and several measures of the illness experience: perceived cognition (r=.48, p<.001), perceived function (r =.43, p<.001), and dyadic relationship strain (r=.32, p=.01). In contrast, objective cognition, measured by a modified version of the Blessed Orientation Memory Concentration test, was not significant (r =-.06, p=.63). A multiple regression found the total variance explained by all independent variables was 32% (R2=.32, F(4,68)=7.58, p<.001), with perceived memory difficulty (B=.26, p<.01) and dyadic relationship strain (B=.25, p=.04) accounting for unique and significant variance in depressive symptoms. A mediation analysis indicated perceived memory difficulty fully mediated the relationship between perceived functional difficulty and depressive symptoms. Findings highlight the importance of IWDs perceptions of their illness experience for psychosocial well-being outcomes, such as depressive symptoms. Findings add to the literature by showing the importance of IWDs perceptions of their illness and their impact on well-being outcomes. Results also demonstrate the utility and feasibility of including self-reported data from IWDs in research studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda MacNeil
- Cleveland State University, Fairview Park, Ohio, United States
| | | | - Kate McCarthy
- Benjamin Rose Institute on Aging, Benjamin Rose Institute on Aging, Ohio, United States
| | - David Bass
- Benjamin Rose Institute on Aging, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
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30
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Powers S, Ciancibello A, Schaffer R, Bass D, Minyo M. Outcome Priorities Among Evidence-Based Dementia Caregiving Programs: A Closer Look. Innov Aging 2021. [PMCID: PMC8679271 DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igab046.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, the Best Practice Caregiving website provides information on 231 published studies from 44 dementia caregiving evidence-based programs that have demonstrated beneficial outcomes for dementia caregivers within health care and community-based settings. Across all programs, a total of 34 biopsychosocial outcomes were identified. Supported by the commonly used stress-related frameworks (e.g., Stress-Health Process, Cognitive Behavioral Theory) for which the programs were developed, the most frequently utilized program outcomes included: 1) Caregiver stress, strain, and/or burden (84.1%); 2) Caregiver depressive symptomology (79.5%); and 3) Caregiving efficacy, skills, and/or confidence (63.6%). The least common programmatic outcomes included: 1) Access to support information/Community service use (9.1%); 2) Unmet needs (6.8%); and 3) Respite/break from care (2.3%). The lesser utilized outcomes provide critical insight into current evidence-based programmatic priorities and ways in which professionals can seek to fill gaps in dementia caregiving interventions. Discussion will also focus on future directions of caregiver-related outcome assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Powers
- Benjamin Rose Institute on Aging, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | | | - Rachel Schaffer
- Benjamin Rose Institute on Aging, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - David Bass
- Benjamin Rose Institute on Aging, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Morgan Minyo
- Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
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31
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Powers S, Schaffer R, Bass D, Le O, Pongan L. Exploring the Subjective Caregiving Experience Among Chinese, Korean, and Southeast Asian Communities. Innov Aging 2021. [PMCID: PMC8680152 DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igab046.1741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Although the Asian American community is one of the fastest growing racial groups in the US, members of this group continue to be underserved and understudied, especially when it comes to the needs of family caregivers. Therefore, through a national initiative to understand the lived experiences of diverse family and friend caregivers, survey data was collected from a variety of Asian American ethnic subgroups including Chinese (n=148), Korean (n=131), and Southeast Asian (i.e., Vietnamese, Hmong, Cambodian, Laotian; n=161). Surveys were distributed in-person and online, and also offered in the translated native languages of the abovementioned groups. Caregivers had to be 18 years and older and providing care to a person aged 55 and older who needed assistance because of ongoing health problems or disabilities. For the overall sample of Asian American caregivers (n=440), participants were on average 51.68 years of age (SD=15.98), identified as female (n=336), were not born in the US (n=348), lived with the care receiver (n=247), and reported less than $10,000 in income per year (n=199). As guided by the Stress Process Model and through a series of ANOVA tests, when compared on all major outcomes, Southeast Asian caregivers significantly reported: 1) more difficulty with care related tasks (e.g., financial/legal decisions), 2) a stronger cultural commitment to caregiving, 3) higher work strain, and 4) more depressive symptomology. Discussion will focus on opportunities for professionals to meet the needs of Asian American caregivers through the use of available trainings and programs aimed to support diverse caregivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Powers
- Benjamin Rose Institute on Aging, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Rachel Schaffer
- Benjamin Rose Institute on Aging, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - David Bass
- Benjamin Rose Institute on Aging, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Ocean Le
- Diverse Elders Coalition, Diverse Elders Coalition, New York, United States
| | - Lauren Pongan
- Diverse Elders Coalition, Diverse Elders Coalition, New York, United States
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32
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Briscoe AG, Nichols S, Hartikainen H, Knipe H, Foster R, Green AJ, Okamura B, Bass D. High-Throughput Sequencing of faeces provides evidence for dispersal of parasites and pathogens by migratory waterbirds. Mol Ecol Resour 2021; 22:1303-1318. [PMID: 34758191 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.13548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Examination of faecal material has demonstrated how a broad range of organisms are distributed by bird movements. Such research has largely focused on dispersal of plant seeds by frugivores and of freshwater organisms by waterbirds. However, with few exceptions (e.g. avian influenza, Ebola virus), there is a dearth of evidence for transport of parasites and pathogens. High-throughput sequencing methods now provide a powerful means of addressing this knowledge gap by elucidating faecal contents in unprecedented detail. We collected faeces excreted by a range of migratory waterbirds in south-west Spain and pooled faecal DNA to create libraries reflective of feeding behavior. We created sets of libraries using high-throughput metagenomic and amplicon sequencing. For the latter we employed two sets of primers to broadly target the V4 region of the 18S rRNA gene (one set amplifying the region across all eukaryotes, the other excluding amplification of metazoans). Libraries revealed a wide diversity of eukaryotes, including parasites of the faecal producers themselves, parasites of food items, or those incidentally ingested. We also detected novel microbial eukaryotic taxa and found that parasite assemblage profiles were relatively distinct. Comparing the performance of the methods used supports their joint use for future studies of diversity and abundance. Because viable stages of many parasites are likely to be present in faeces, our results suggest significant levels of bird-mediated dispersal of parasites (both from avian and other hosts). Our methods revealed much hidden biodiversity, and allowed identification of the individuals who produced the faecal samples to species level, facilitating the study of interaction networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew G Briscoe
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom.,Core Research Laboratories, Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Nichols
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hanna Hartikainen
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom.,Eawag and Institute for Integrative Biology, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hazel Knipe
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Foster
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andy J Green
- Department of Wetland Ecology, Estación Biológica de Doñana, EBD-CSIC, 41092, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Beth Okamura
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom
| | - David Bass
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom.,Centre for Environment, Aquaculture and Fisheries Science (Cefas), Weymouth, UK
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33
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Urrutia A, Mitsi K, Foster R, Ross S, Carr M, Ward GM, van Aerle R, Marigomez I, Leger MM, Ruiz-Trillo I, Feist SW, Bass D. Txikispora philomaios n. sp., n. g., a Micro-Eukaryotic Pathogen of Amphipods, Reveals Parasitism and Hidden Diversity in Class Filasterea. J Eukaryot Microbiol 2021; 69:e12875. [PMID: 34726818 DOI: 10.1111/jeu.12875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study provides a morphological, ultrastructural, and phylogenetic characterization of a novel micro-eukaryotic parasite (2.3-2.6 µm) infecting amphipod genera Echinogammarus and Orchestia. Longitudinal studies across two years revealed that infection prevalence peaked in late April and May, reaching 64% in Echinogammarus sp. and 15% in Orchestia sp., but was seldom detected during the rest of the year. The parasite infected predominantly haemolymph, connective tissue, tegument, and gonad, although hepatopancreas and nervous tissue were affected in heavier infections, eliciting melanization and granuloma formation. Cell division occurred inside walled parasitic cysts, often within host haemocytes, resulting in haemolymph congestion. Small subunit (18S) rRNA gene phylogenies including related environmental sequences placed the novel parasite as a highly divergent lineage within Class Filasterea, which together with Choanoflagellatea represent the closest protistan relatives of Metazoa. We describe the new parasite as Txikispora philomaios n. sp. n. g., the first confirmed parasitic filasterean lineage, which otherwise comprises four free-living flagellates and a rarely observed endosymbiont of snails. Lineage-specific PCR probing of other hosts and surrounding environments only detected T. philomaios in the platyhelminth Procerodes sp. We expand the known diversity of Filasterea by targeted searches of metagenomic datasets, resulting in 13 previously unknown lineages from environmental samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ander Urrutia
- International Centre of Excellence for Aquatic Animal Health, Centre for Environment, Fisheries, and Aquaculture Science (CEFAS), Barrack Road, Weymouth, DT4 8UB, UK.,Cell Biology in Environmental Toxicology Research Group, Department of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology (Faculty of Science and Technology), Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PiE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Areatza Pasealekua z/g, Plentzia, 48620, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Konstantina Mitsi
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, Barcelona, 08003, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Rachel Foster
- Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, UK
| | - Stuart Ross
- International Centre of Excellence for Aquatic Animal Health, Centre for Environment, Fisheries, and Aquaculture Science (CEFAS), Barrack Road, Weymouth, DT4 8UB, UK
| | - Martin Carr
- School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, UK
| | - Georgia M Ward
- Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, UK
| | - Ronny van Aerle
- International Centre of Excellence for Aquatic Animal Health, Centre for Environment, Fisheries, and Aquaculture Science (CEFAS), Barrack Road, Weymouth, DT4 8UB, UK
| | - Ionan Marigomez
- Cell Biology in Environmental Toxicology Research Group, Department of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology (Faculty of Science and Technology), Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PiE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Areatza Pasealekua z/g, Plentzia, 48620, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Michelle M Leger
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, Barcelona, 08003, Catalonia, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Centre for Comparative Genomics and evolutionary Bioinformatics, Sir Charles Tupper Medical Building, Dalhousie University, 5850 College Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Iñaki Ruiz-Trillo
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, Barcelona, 08003, Catalonia, Spain.,Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia, Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, 08028, Catalonia, Spain.,ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, Barcelona, 08010, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Stephen W Feist
- International Centre of Excellence for Aquatic Animal Health, Centre for Environment, Fisheries, and Aquaculture Science (CEFAS), Barrack Road, Weymouth, DT4 8UB, UK
| | - David Bass
- International Centre of Excellence for Aquatic Animal Health, Centre for Environment, Fisheries, and Aquaculture Science (CEFAS), Barrack Road, Weymouth, DT4 8UB, UK.,Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, UK
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Foster R, Peeler E, Bojko J, Clark PF, Morritt D, Roy HE, Stebbing P, Tidbury HJ, Wood LE, Bass D. Pathogens co-transported with invasive non-native aquatic species: implications for risk analysis and legislation. NB 2021. [DOI: 10.3897/neobiota..71358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Invasive Non-Native Species (INNS) can co-transport externally and internally other organisms including viruses, bacteria and other eukaryotes (including metazoan parasites), collectively referred to as the symbiome. These symbiotic organisms include pathogens, a small minority of which are subject to surveillance and regulatory control, but most of which are currently unscrutinized and/or unknown. These putatively pathogenetic symbionts can potentially pose diverse risks to other species, with implications for increased epidemiological risk to agriculture and aquaculture, wildlife/ecosystems, and human health (zoonotic diseases). The risks and impacts arising from co-transported known pathogens and other symbionts of unknown pathogenic virulence, remain largely unexplored, unlegislated, and difficult to identify and quantify. Here, we propose a workflow using PubMed and Google Scholar to systematically search existing literature to determine any known and potential pathogens of aquatic INNS. This workflow acts as a prerequisite for assessing the nature and risk posed by co-transported pathogens of INNS; of which a better understanding is necessary to inform policy and INNS risk assessments. Addressing this evidence gap will be instrumental to devise an appropriate set of statutory responsibilities with respect to these symbionts, and to underpin new and more effective legislative processes relating to the disease screening and risk assessment of INNS.
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35
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Foster R, Peeler E, Bojko J, Clark PF, Morritt D, Roy HE, Stebbing P, Tidbury HJ, Wood LE, Bass D. Pathogens co-transported with invasive non-native aquatic species: implications for risk analysis and legislation. NB 2021. [DOI: 10.3897/neobiota.69.71358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Invasive Non-Native Species (INNS) can co-transport externally and internally other organisms including viruses, bacteria and other eukaryotes (including metazoan parasites), collectively referred to as the symbiome. These symbiotic organisms include pathogens, a small minority of which are subject to surveillance and regulatory control, but most of which are currently unscrutinized and/or unknown. These putatively pathogenetic symbionts can potentially pose diverse risks to other species, with implications for increased epidemiological risk to agriculture and aquaculture, wildlife/ecosystems, and human health (zoonotic diseases). The risks and impacts arising from co-transported known pathogens and other symbionts of unknown pathogenic virulence, remain largely unexplored, unlegislated, and difficult to identify and quantify. Here, we propose a workflow using PubMed and Google Scholar to systematically search existing literature to determine any known and potential pathogens of aquatic INNS. This workflow acts as a prerequisite for assessing the nature and risk posed by co-transported pathogens of INNS; of which a better understanding is necessary to inform policy and INNS risk assessments. Addressing this evidence gap will be instrumental to devise an appropriate set of statutory responsibilities with respect to these symbionts, and to underpin new and more effective legislative processes relating to the disease screening and risk assessment of INNS.
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36
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Minardi D, Ryder D, Del Campo J, Garcia Fonseca V, Kerr R, Mortensen S, Pallavicini A, Bass D. Improved high throughput protocol for targeting eukaryotic symbionts in metazoan and eDNA samples. Mol Ecol Resour 2021; 22:664-678. [PMID: 34549891 PMCID: PMC9292944 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.13509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Eukaryote symbionts of animals are major drivers of ecosystems not only because of their diversity and host interactions from variable pathogenicity but also through different key roles such as commensalism and to different types of interdependence. However, molecular investigations of metazoan eukaryomes require minimising coamplification of homologous host genes. In this study we (1) identified a previously published “antimetazoan” reverse primer to theoretically enable amplification of a wider range of microeukaryotic symbionts, including more evolutionarily divergent sequence types, (2) evaluated in silico several antimetazoan primer combinations, and (3) optimised the application of the best performing primer pair for high throughput sequencing (HTS) by comparing one‐step and two‐step PCR amplification approaches, testing different annealing temperatures and evaluating the taxonomic profiles produced by HTS and data analysis. The primer combination 574*F – UNonMet_DB tested in silico showed the largest diversity of nonmetazoan sequence types in the SILVA database and was also the shortest available primer combination for broadly‐targeting antimetazoan amplification across the 18S rRNA gene V4 region. We demonstrate that the one‐step PCR approach used for library preparation produces significantly lower proportions of metazoan reads, and a more comprehensive coverage of host‐associated microeukaryote reads than the two‐step approach. Using higher PCR annealing temperatures further increased the proportion of nonmetazoan reads in all sample types tested. The resulting V4 region amplicons were taxonomically informative even when only the forward read is analysed. This region also revealed a diversity of known and putatively parasitic lineages and a wider diversity of host‐associated eukaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Minardi
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, Weymouth, Dorset, UK.,Cefas, International Centre for Aquatic Animal Health, Weymouth, Dorset, UK
| | - David Ryder
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, Weymouth, Dorset, UK.,Cefas, International Centre for Aquatic Animal Health, Weymouth, Dorset, UK
| | - Javier Del Campo
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Vera Garcia Fonseca
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, Weymouth, Dorset, UK.,Cefas, International Centre for Aquatic Animal Health, Weymouth, Dorset, UK
| | - Rose Kerr
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, Weymouth, Dorset, UK.,Cefas, International Centre for Aquatic Animal Health, Weymouth, Dorset, UK
| | | | | | - David Bass
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, Weymouth, Dorset, UK.,Cefas, International Centre for Aquatic Animal Health, Weymouth, Dorset, UK.,Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, London, UK
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Doliwa A, Dunthorn M, Rassoshanska E, Mahé F, Bass D, Duarte Ritter C. Identifying Potential Hosts of Short-Branch Microsporidia. Microb Ecol 2021; 82:549-553. [PMID: 33420911 PMCID: PMC8384821 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-020-01657-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Microsporidia are obligate parasites that are closely related to Fungi. While the widely known "long-branch" Microsporidia infect mostly metazoans, the hosts of "short-branch" Microsporidia are only partially characterized or not known at all. Here, we used network analyses from Neotropical rainforest soil metabarcoding data, to infer co-occurrences between environmental lineages of short-branch microsporidians and their potential hosts. We found significant co-occurrences with several taxa, especially with Apicomplexa, Cercozoa, and Fungi, as well as some Metazoa. Our results are the first step to identify potential hosts of the environmental lineages of short-branch microsporidians, which can be targeted in future molecular and microscopic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annemie Doliwa
- Eukaryotic Microbiology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 5, S05 R04 H83, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Micah Dunthorn
- Eukaryotic Microbiology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 5, S05 R04 H83, 45141, Essen, Germany
- Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), University of Duisburg-Essen, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Erika Rassoshanska
- Eukaryotic Microbiology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 5, S05 R04 H83, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Frédéric Mahé
- CIRAD, UMR BGPI, F-34398, Montpellier, France
- BGPI, Université de Montpellier, CIRAD, IRD, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - David Bass
- Centre for Environment, Aquaculture and Fisheries Science (Cefas), Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset, DT4 8UB, UK
- Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, UK
- Sustainable Aquaculture Futures, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Camila Duarte Ritter
- Eukaryotic Microbiology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 5, S05 R04 H83, 45141, Essen, Germany.
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Vaulot D, Geisen S, Mahé F, Bass D. pr2-primers: An 18S rRNA primer database for protists. Mol Ecol Resour 2021; 22:168-179. [PMID: 34251760 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.13465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Metabarcoding of microbial eukaryotes (collectively known as protists) has developed tremendously in the last decade, almost solely relying on the 18S rRNA gene. As microbial eukaryotes are extremely diverse, many primers and primer pairs have been developed. To cover a relevant and representative fraction of the protist community in a given study system, an informed primer choice is necessary, as no primer pair can target all protists equally well. As such, a smart primer choice is very difficult even for experts and there are very few online resources available to list existing primers. We built a database listing 285 primers and 83 unique primer pairs that have been used for eukaryotic 18S rRNA gene metabarcoding. In silico performance of primer pairs was tested against two sequence databases: PR2 version 4.12.0 for eukaryotes and a subset of silva version 132 for bacteria and archaea. We developed an R-based web application enabling browsing of the database, visualization of the taxonomic distribution of the amplified sequences with the number of mismatches, and testing any user-defined primer or primer set (https://app.pr2-primers.org). Taxonomic specificity of primer pairs, amplicon size and location of mismatches can also be determined. We identified universal primer sets that matched the largest number of sequences and analysed the specificity of some primer sets designed to target certain groups. This tool enables guided primer choices that will help a wide range of researchers to include protists as part of their investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Vaulot
- UMR 7144, ECOMAP, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Roscoff, France.,Asian School of the Environment, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Stefan Geisen
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Laboratory of Nematology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Frédéric Mahé
- CIRAD, UMR PHIM, Montpellier, France.,PHIM, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - David Bass
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Weymouth, UK.,Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, London, UK
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Bass D, Rueckert S, Stern R, Cleary AC, Taylor JD, Ward GM, Huys R. Parasites, pathogens, and other symbionts of copepods. Trends Parasitol 2021; 37:875-889. [PMID: 34158247 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2021.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
There is a large diversity of eukaryotic symbionts of copepods, dominated by epizootic protists such as ciliates, and metazoan parasites. Eukaryotic endoparasites, copepod-associated bacteria, and viruses are less well known, partly due to technical limitations. However, new molecular techniques, combined with a range of other approaches, provide a complementary toolkit for understanding the complete symbiome of copepods and how the symbiome relates to their ecological roles, relationships with other biota, and responses to environmental change. In this review we provide the most complete overview of the copepod symbiome to date, including microeukaryotes, metazoan parasites, bacteria, and viruses, and provide extensive literature databases to inform future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Bass
- International Centre of Excellence in Aquatic Animal Health, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Barrack Road, The Nothe, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, UK; Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK; Sustainable Aquaculture Futures, Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK.
| | - Sonja Rueckert
- School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Sighthill Court, Edinburgh EH11 4BN, UK
| | - Rowena Stern
- Marine Biological Association, Citadel Hill, Plymouth, PL1 2PB, UK
| | - Alison C Cleary
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of Agder, Universitetsveien 25, Kristiansand, 4630, Norway
| | - Joe D Taylor
- School of Chemistry and Bioscience, University of Bradford, Richmond Rd, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK
| | - Georgia M Ward
- International Centre of Excellence in Aquatic Animal Health, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Barrack Road, The Nothe, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, UK; Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK
| | - Rony Huys
- Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK
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Amoura Z, Furie R, Rovin B, Houssiau F, Contreras G, Malvar A, Saxena A, Yu X, Teng O, Van Paassen P, Ginzler E, Kamen D, Oldham M, Bass D, Van Maurik A, Welch M, Green Y, Ji B, Roth D. Effets du belimumab sur la fonction rénale, le contrôle global et les biomarqueurs du lupus systémique. Rev Med Interne 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.revmed.2021.03.227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Bass D, Schuppisser C, Meier VS. Kleintiermedizin: Was ist Ihre Diagnose? SCHWEIZ ARCH TIERH 2021; 163:301-308. [PMID: 33821803 DOI: 10.17236/sat00300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D Bass
- VET Zentrum AG, Überweisungsklinik für Hunde und Katzen, Pfungen, Schweiz
| | - C Schuppisser
- VET Zentrum AG, Überweisungsklinik für Hunde und Katzen, Pfungen, Schweiz
| | - V S Meier
- Departement für Kleintiere, Abteilung Radio-Onkologie, Vetsuisse-Fakultät, Universität Zürich
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Kellogg RT, Levitt M, Barros G, Sen R, Bass D, Mason J, Vargas J. Abstract P346: Segmentation of Chronic Subdural Hematomas Using 3D Convolutional Neural Networks. Stroke 2021. [DOI: 10.1161/str.52.suppl_1.p346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective:
Chronic subdural hematomas (cSDH) are an increasingly prevalent neurological disease that often requires surgical intervention to alleviate compression of the brain. Management of cSDHs relies heavily upon computed tomography (CT) imaging, and serial imaging is frequently obtained to help direct management. The volume of hematoma provides critical information in guiding therapy and evaluating new methods of management. We set out to develop an automated program to compute the volume of hematoma on CT scans for both preoperative and postoperative images.
Methods:
A total of 128 CT scans (21,710 images) were manually segmented and used to train a convolutional neural network to automatically segment chronic subdural hematomas. We included both preoperative and postoperative coronal head CTs from patients undergoing surgical management of cSDHs.
Results:
Our best model achieved a Dice score of 0.8351 on the testing dataset and an average Dice score of 0.806 +/- 0.06 on the validation set. This model was trained on the full data set with reduced volumes, a network depth of 4, and post activation residual blocks within the context modules of the encoder pathway. Patch trained models did not perform as well and decreasing the network depth from 5 to 4 did not appear to significantly improve performance.
Conclusions:
We successfully trained a convolutional neural network on a dataset of pre and postoperative head CTs containing cSDH. This tool could assist with automated, accurate measurements for evaluating treatment efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - James Mason
- Radiology, Univ of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Jan Vargas
- Greenville Health System, Greenville, SC
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Hilton S, Picot E, Schreiter S, Bass D, Norman K, Oliver AE, Moore JD, Mauchline TH, Mills PR, Teakle GR, Clark IM, Hirsch PR, van der Gast CJ, Bending GD. Identification of microbial signatures linked to oilseed rape yield decline at the landscape scale. Microbiome 2021; 9:19. [PMID: 33482913 PMCID: PMC7825223 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-020-00972-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The plant microbiome plays a vital role in determining host health and productivity. However, we lack real-world comparative understanding of the factors which shape assembly of its diverse biota, and crucially relationships between microbiota composition and plant health. Here we investigated landscape scale rhizosphere microbial assembly processes in oilseed rape (OSR), the UK's third most cultivated crop by area and the world's third largest source of vegetable oil, which suffers from yield decline associated with the frequency it is grown in rotations. By including 37 conventional farmers' fields with varying OSR rotation frequencies, we present an innovative approach to identify microbial signatures characteristic of microbiomes which are beneficial and harmful to the host. RESULTS We show that OSR yield decline is linked to rotation frequency in real-world agricultural systems. We demonstrate fundamental differences in the environmental and agronomic drivers of protist, bacterial and fungal communities between root, rhizosphere soil and bulk soil compartments. We further discovered that the assembly of fungi, but neither bacteria nor protists, was influenced by OSR rotation frequency. However, there were individual abundant bacterial OTUs that correlated with either yield or rotation frequency. A variety of fungal and protist pathogens were detected in roots and rhizosphere soil of OSR, and several increased relative abundance in root or rhizosphere compartments as OSR rotation frequency increased. Importantly, the relative abundance of the fungal pathogen Olpidium brassicae both increased with short rotations and was significantly associated with low yield. In contrast, the root endophyte Tetracladium spp. showed the reverse associations with both rotation frequency and yield to O. brassicae, suggesting that they are signatures of a microbiome which benefits the host. We also identified a variety of novel protist and fungal clades which are highly connected within the microbiome and could play a role in determining microbiome composition. CONCLUSIONS We show that at the landscape scale, OSR crop yield is governed by interplay between complex communities of both pathogens and beneficial biota which is modulated by rotation frequency. Our comprehensive study has identified signatures of dysbiosis within the OSR microbiome, grown in real-world agricultural systems, which could be used in strategies to promote crop yield. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally Hilton
- School of Life Sciences, The University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
| | - Emma Picot
- School of Life Sciences, The University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | | | - David Bass
- Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, London, SW7 5BD, UK
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Weymouth, Dorset, DT4 8UB, UK
| | - Keith Norman
- Velcourt Group Ltd., The Veldt House, Much Marcle, Ledbury, Herefordshire, HR8 2LJ, UK
| | - Anna E Oliver
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, OX10 8BB, UK
| | | | | | | | - Graham R Teakle
- School of Life Sciences, The University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | | | | | | | - Gary D Bending
- School of Life Sciences, The University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
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Singer D, Seppey CVW, Lentendu G, Dunthorn M, Bass D, Belbahri L, Blandenier Q, Debroas D, de Groot GA, de Vargas C, Domaizon I, Duckert C, Izaguirre I, Koenig I, Mataloni G, Schiaffino MR, Mitchell EAD, Geisen S, Lara E. Protist taxonomic and functional diversity in soil, freshwater and marine ecosystems. Environ Int 2021; 146:106262. [PMID: 33221595 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Protists dominate eukaryotic diversity and play key functional roles in all ecosystems, particularly by catalyzing carbon and nutrient cycling. To date, however, a comparative analysis of their taxonomic and functional diversity that compares the major ecosystems on Earth (soil, freshwater and marine systems) is missing. Here, we present a comparison of protist diversity based on standardized high throughput 18S rRNA gene sequencing of soil, freshwater and marine environmental DNA. Soil and freshwater protist communities were more similar to each other than to marine protist communities, with virtually no overlap of Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) between terrestrial and marine habitats. Soil protists showed higher γ diversity than aquatic samples. Differences in taxonomic composition of the communities led to changes in a functional diversity among ecosystems, as expressed in relative abundance of consumers, phototrophs and parasites. Phototrophs (eukaryotic algae) dominated freshwater systems (49% of the sequences) and consumers soil and marine ecosystems (59% and 48%, respectively). The individual functional groups were composed of ecosystem- specific taxonomic groups. Parasites were equally common in all ecosystems, yet, terrestrial systems hosted more OTUs assigned to parasites of macro-organisms while aquatic systems contained mostly microbial parasitoids. Together, we show biogeographic patterns of protist diversity across major ecosystems on Earth, preparing the way for more focused studies that will help understanding the multiple roles of protists in the biosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Singer
- Laboratory of Soil Biodiversity, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile-Argand 11, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland; Department of Zoology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, 05508-090, Brazil; UMR CNRS 6112 LPG-BIAF, Université d'Angers, Angers Cedex 1, France.
| | - Christophe V W Seppey
- Laboratory of Soil Biodiversity, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile-Argand 11, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland; Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, University of Tromsø, Framstredet 39, 9019 Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Guillaume Lentendu
- Laboratory of Soil Biodiversity, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile-Argand 11, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Micah Dunthorn
- Department of Eukaryotic Microbiology, University of Duisburg-Essen, D-45141 Essen, Germany; Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), University of Duisburg-Essen, D-45141 Essen, Germany
| | - David Bass
- Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, London, UK
| | - Lassâad Belbahri
- Laboratory of Soil Biodiversity, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile-Argand 11, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Quentin Blandenier
- Laboratory of Soil Biodiversity, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile-Argand 11, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland; Real Jardín Botánico de Madrid, CSIC, Plaza de Murillo 2, 28014 Madrid, Spain
| | - Didier Debroas
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Laboratoire Microorganismes: Genome et Environnement, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - G Arjen de Groot
- Wageningen Environmental Research, Wageningen UR, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Colomban de Vargas
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Station Biologique de Roscoff, UMR 7144, ECOMAP, 29680 Roscoff, France; Research Federation for the study of Global Ocean Systems Ecology and Evolution, FR2022/GOSEE, 3 rue Michel-Ange, 75016 Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Domaizon
- Université Savoie Mont Blanc, INRAE, CARRTEL, 74200 Thonon-les-Bains, France
| | - Clément Duckert
- Laboratory of Soil Biodiversity, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile-Argand 11, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Irina Izaguirre
- Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, IEGEBA (UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Isabelle Koenig
- Laboratory of Soil Biodiversity, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile-Argand 11, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Gabriela Mataloni
- Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental (IIIA), CONICET, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Provincia de Buenos Aires 1650, Argentina
| | - M Romina Schiaffino
- Universidad Nacional del Noroeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Centro de Investigaciones y transferencia del Noroeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CITNOBA) - UNNOBA-UNSAdA-CONICET, Junín 6000, Argentina
| | - Edward A D Mitchell
- Laboratory of Soil Biodiversity, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile-Argand 11, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland; Jardin Botanique de Neuchâtel, Chemin du Perthuis-du-Sault 58, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Geisen
- Laboratory of Nematology, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708PB Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Enrique Lara
- Laboratory of Soil Biodiversity, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile-Argand 11, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland; Real Jardín Botánico de Madrid, CSIC, Plaza de Murillo 2, 28014 Madrid, Spain.
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Kellogg RT, Vargas J, Barros G, Sen R, Bass D, Mason JR, Levitt M. Segmentation of Chronic Subdural Hematomas Using 3D Convolutional Neural Networks. World Neurosurg 2020; 148:e58-e65. [PMID: 33359736 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chronic subdural hematomas (cSDHs) are an increasingly prevalent neurologic disease that often requires surgical intervention to alleviate compression of the brain. Management of cSDHs relies heavily on computed tomography (CT) imaging, and serial imaging is frequently obtained to help direct management. The volume of hematoma provides critical information in guiding therapy and evaluating new methods of management. We set out to develop an automated program to compute the volume of hematoma on CT scans for both pre- and postoperative images. METHODS A total of 21,710 images (128 CT scans) were manually segmented and used to train a convolutional neural network to automatically segment cSDHs. We included both pre- and postoperative coronal head CTs from patients undergoing surgical management of cSDHs. RESULTS Our best model achieved a DICE score of 0.8351 on the testing dataset, and an average DICE score of 0.806 ± 0.06 on the validation set. This model was trained on the full dataset with reduced volumes, a network depth of 4, and postactivation residual blocks within the context modules of the encoder pathway. Patch trained models did not perform as well and decreasing the network depth from 5 to 4 did not appear to significantly improve performance. CONCLUSIONS We successfully trained a convolutional neural network on a dataset of pre- and postoperative head CTs containing cSDH. This tool could assist with automated, accurate measurements for evaluating treatment efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan T Kellogg
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
| | - Jan Vargas
- Division of Neurosurgery, Prisma Health, Greenville, South Carolina, USA
| | - Guilherme Barros
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Rajeev Sen
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - David Bass
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - J Ryan Mason
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Michael Levitt
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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46
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Hittorf M, Letsch-Praxmarer S, Windegger A, Bass D, Kirchmair M, Neuhauser S. Revised Taxonomy and Expanded Biodiversity of the Phytomyxea (Rhizaria, Endomyxa). J Eukaryot Microbiol 2020; 67:648-659. [PMID: 32654223 PMCID: PMC7756720 DOI: 10.1111/jeu.12817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Phytomyxea (phytomyxids) is a group of obligate biotrophic pathogens belonging to the Rhizaria. Some phytomyxids are well studied and include known plant pathogens such as Plasmodiophora brassicae, the causal agent of clubroot disease. Despite this economic importance, the taxonomy and biodiversity of this group are largely cryptic, with many species described in the premolecular area. Some of these species were key for establishing the morphotaxonomic concepts that define most genera to this day, but systematic efforts to include and integrate those species into molecular studies are still lacking. The aim of this study was to expand our understanding of phytomyxid biodiversity in terrestrial environments. Thirty-eight environmental samples from habitats in which novel and known diversity of Phytomyxea was expected were analysed. We were able to generate 18S rRNA sequences from Ligniera verrucosa, a species which is well defined based on ultrastructure. Phylogenetic analyses of the collected sequences rendered the genera Lignera, Plasmodiophora and Spongospora polyphyletic, and identified two novel and apparently diverse lineages (clade 17, clade 18). Based on these findings and on data from previous studies, we formally establish the new genera Pseudoligniera n. gen. for L. verrucosa,Hillenburgia n. gen. for Spongospora nasturtii and revert Plasmodiophora diplantherae to its original name Ostenfeldiella diplantherae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Hittorf
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 25, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Alexandra Windegger
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 25, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - David Bass
- Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, United Kingdom.,Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Barrack Road, The Nothe, Weymouth, DT4 8UB, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Kirchmair
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 25, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sigrid Neuhauser
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 25, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
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47
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Reuben DB, Gill TM, Stevens A, Williamson J, Volpi E, Lichtenstein M, Jennings LA, Tan Z, Evertson L, Bass D, Weitzman L, Carnie M, Wilson N, Araujo K, Charpentier P, Meng C, Greene EJ, Dziura J, Liu J, Unger E, Yang M, Currie K, Lenoir KM, Green ANS, Abraham S, Vernon A, Samper-Ternent R, Raji M, Hirst RM, Galloway R, Finney GR, Ladd I, Rahm AK, Borek P, Peduzzi P. D-CARE: The Dementia Care Study: Design of a Pragmatic Trial of the Effectiveness and Cost Effectiveness of Health System-Based Versus Community-Based Dementia Care Versus Usual Dementia Care. J Am Geriatr Soc 2020; 68:2492-2499. [PMID: 32949145 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.16862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Although several approaches have been developed to provide comprehensive care for persons living with dementia (PWD) and their family or friend caregivers, the relative effectiveness and cost effectiveness of community-based dementia care (CBDC) versus health system-based dementia care (CBDC) and the effectiveness of both approaches compared with usual care (UC) are unknown. DESIGN Pragmatic randomized three-arm superiority trial. The unit of randomization is the PWD/caregiver dyad. SETTING Four clinical trial sites (CTSs) based in academic and clinical health systems. PARTICIPANTS A total of 2,150 English- or Spanish-speaking PWD who are not receiving hospice or residing in a nursing home and their caregivers. INTERVENTIONS Eighteen months of (1) HSDC provided by a nurse practitioner or physician's assistant dementia care specialist who works within the health system, or (2) CBDC provided by a social worker or nurse care consultant who works at a community-based organization, or (3) UC with as needed referral to the Alzheimer's Association Helpline. MEASUREMENTS Primary outcomes: PWD behavioral symptoms and caregiver distress as measured by the Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire (NPI-Q) Severity and Modified Caregiver Strain Index scales. SECONDARY OUTCOMES NPI-Q Distress, caregiver unmet needs and confidence, and caregiver depressive symptoms. Tertiary outcomes: PWD long-term nursing home placement rates, caregiver-reported PWD functional status, cognition, goal attainment, "time spent at home," Dementia Burden Scale-Caregiver, a composite measure of clinical benefit, Quality of Life of persons with dementia, Positive Aspects of Caregiving, and cost effectiveness using intervention costs and Medicare claims. RESULTS The results will be reported in the spring of 2024. CONCLUSION D-CARE will address whether emphasis on clinical support and tighter integration with other medical services has greater benefit than emphasis on social support that is tied more closely to community resources. It will also assess the effectiveness of both interventions compared with UC and will evaluate the cost effectiveness of each intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- David B Reuben
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Thomas M Gill
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Geriatrics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Alan Stevens
- Department of Medicine, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, Texas, USA
| | - Jeff Williamson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Elena Volpi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, University of Texas, Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Maya Lichtenstein
- Department of Neurology, Geisinger Health, Wilkes Barre, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lee A Jennings
- Department of Medicien, Reynolds Section of Geriatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Zaldy Tan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Leslie Evertson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - David Bass
- Center for Research and Education, Benjamin Rose Institute on Aging, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Lisa Weitzman
- Center for Research and Education, Benjamin Rose Institute on Aging, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Martie Carnie
- Center for Patients and Families, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nancy Wilson
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Katy Araujo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Geriatrics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Peter Charpentier
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Geriatrics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Can Meng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Geriatrics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Erich J Greene
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Geriatrics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - James Dziura
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Geriatrics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jodi Liu
- Pardee RAND Graduate School, Santa Monica, California, USA
| | - Erin Unger
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Mia Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Katherine Currie
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kristin M Lenoir
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Sitara Abraham
- Department of Medicine, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, Texas, USA
| | - Ashley Vernon
- Department of Medicine, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, Texas, USA
| | - Rafael Samper-Ternent
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, University of Texas, Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Mukaila Raji
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, University of Texas, Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Roxana M Hirst
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, University of Texas, Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Rebecca Galloway
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, University of Texas, Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Glen R Finney
- Department of Neurology, Geisinger Health, Wilkes Barre, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ilene Ladd
- Department of Neurology, Geisinger Health, Wilkes Barre, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Pamela Borek
- Department of Neurology, Geisinger Health, Wilkes Barre, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Peter Peduzzi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Geriatrics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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48
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Hooper C, Debnath PP, Biswas S, van Aerle R, Bateman KS, Basak SK, Rahman MM, Mohan CV, Islam HMR, Ross S, Stentiford GD, Currie D, Bass D. A Novel RNA Virus, Macrobrachium rosenbergii Golda Virus (MrGV), Linked to Mass Mortalities of the Larval Giant Freshwater Prawn in Bangladesh. Viruses 2020; 12:v12101120. [PMID: 33023199 PMCID: PMC7601004 DOI: 10.3390/v12101120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mass mortalities of the larval stage of the giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, have been occurring in Bangladesh since 2011. Mortalities can reach 100% and have resulted in an 80% decline in the number of hatcheries actively producing M. rosenbergii. To investigate a causative agent for the mortalities, a disease challenge was carried out using infected material from a hatchery experiencing mortalities. Moribund larvae from the challenge were prepared for metatranscriptomic sequencing. De novo virus assembly revealed a 29 kb single‑stranded positive-sense RNA virus with similarities in key protein motif sequences to yellow head virus (YHV), an RNA virus that causes mass mortalities in marine shrimp aquaculture, and other viruses in the Nidovirales order. Primers were designed against the novel virus and used to screen cDNA from larvae sampled from hatcheries in the South of Bangladesh from two consecutive years. Larvae from all hatcheries screened from both years were positive by PCR for the novel virus, including larvae from a hatchery that at the point of sampling appeared healthy, but later experienced mortalities. These screens suggest that the virus is widespread in M. rosenbergii hatchery culture in southern Bangladesh, and that early detection of the virus can be achieved by PCR. The hypothesised protein motifs of Macrobrachium rosenbergii golda virus (MrGV) suggest that it is likely to be a new species within the Nidovirales order. Biosecurity measures should be taken in order to mitigate global spread through the movement of post-larvae within and between countries, which has previously been linked to other virus outbreaks in crustacean aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantelle Hooper
- International Centre of Excellence for Aquatic Animal Health, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Sciences (Cefas), Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, UK; (R.v.A.); (K.S.B.); (S.R.); (G.D.S.); (D.B.)
- Correspondence: (C.H.); (P.P.D.)
| | - Partho P. Debnath
- WorldFish Bangladesh, Dhaka 1213, Bangladesh; (S.K.B.); (M.M.R.)
- Correspondence: (C.H.); (P.P.D.)
| | - Sukumar Biswas
- Winrock Bangladesh, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh; (S.B.); (D.C.)
| | - Ronny van Aerle
- International Centre of Excellence for Aquatic Animal Health, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Sciences (Cefas), Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, UK; (R.v.A.); (K.S.B.); (S.R.); (G.D.S.); (D.B.)
- Centre for Sustainable Aquaculture Futures, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QY, UK
| | - Kelly S. Bateman
- International Centre of Excellence for Aquatic Animal Health, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Sciences (Cefas), Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, UK; (R.v.A.); (K.S.B.); (S.R.); (G.D.S.); (D.B.)
- Centre for Sustainable Aquaculture Futures, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QY, UK
| | | | | | | | - H. M. Rakibul Islam
- Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute, Shrimp Research Station, Bagerhat 9300, Bangladesh;
| | - Stuart Ross
- International Centre of Excellence for Aquatic Animal Health, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Sciences (Cefas), Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, UK; (R.v.A.); (K.S.B.); (S.R.); (G.D.S.); (D.B.)
| | - Grant D. Stentiford
- International Centre of Excellence for Aquatic Animal Health, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Sciences (Cefas), Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, UK; (R.v.A.); (K.S.B.); (S.R.); (G.D.S.); (D.B.)
- Centre for Sustainable Aquaculture Futures, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QY, UK
| | - David Currie
- Winrock Bangladesh, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh; (S.B.); (D.C.)
| | - David Bass
- International Centre of Excellence for Aquatic Animal Health, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Sciences (Cefas), Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, UK; (R.v.A.); (K.S.B.); (S.R.); (G.D.S.); (D.B.)
- Centre for Sustainable Aquaculture Futures, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QY, UK
- Department of Life Sciences, the Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UK
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49
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Zhu C, Bass D, Wang Y, Shen Z, Song W, Yi Z. Environmental Parameters and Substrate Type Drive Microeukaryotic Community Structure During Short-Term Experimental Colonization in Subtropical Eutrophic Freshwaters. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:555795. [PMID: 33072015 PMCID: PMC7541896 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.555795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Microeukaryotes are key components of aquatic ecosystems and play crucial roles in aquatic food webs. However, influencing factors and potential assembly mechanisms for microeukaryotic community on biofilms are rarely studied. Here, those of microeukaryotic biofilms in subtropical eutrophic freshwaters were investigated for the first time based on 2,585 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) from 41 samples, across different environmental conditions and substrate types. Following conclusions were drawn: (1) Environmental parameters were more important than substrate types in structuring microeukaryotic community of biofilms in subtropical eutrophic freshwaters. (2) In the fluctuating river, there was a higher diversity of OTUs and less predictability of community composition than in the stable lake. Sessile species were more likely to be enriched on smooth surfaces of glass slides, while both free-swimming and attached organisms occurred within holes inside PFUs (polyurethane foam units). (3) Both species sorting and neutral process were mechanisms for assembly of microeukaryotic biofilms, but their importance varied depending on different habitats and substrates. (4) The effect of species sorting was slightly higher than the neutral process in river biofilms due to stronger environmental filtering. Species sorting was a stronger force structuring communities on glass slides than PFUs with more niche availability. Our study sheds light on assembly mechanisms for microeukaryotic community on different habitat and substrate types, showing that the resulting communities are determined by both sets of variables, in this case primarily habitat type. The balance of neutral process and species sorting differed between habitats, but the high alpha diversity of microeukaryotes in both led to similar sets of lifecycle traits being selected for in each case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changyu Zhu
- Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.,Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - David Bass
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yutao Wang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.,Dongli Planting and Farming Industrial Co., Ltd., Lianzhou, China
| | - Zhuo Shen
- Institute of Microbial Ecology and Matter Cycle, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, China
| | - Weibo Song
- Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.,Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhenzhen Yi
- Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
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50
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Allain TW, Stentiford GD, Bass D, Behringer DC, Bojko J. A novel nudivirus infecting the invasive demon shrimp Dikerogammarus haemobaphes (Amphipoda). Sci Rep 2020; 10:14816. [PMID: 32908207 PMCID: PMC7481228 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71776-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Nudiviridae are a family of large double-stranded DNA viruses that infects the cells of the gut in invertebrates, including insects and crustaceans. The phylogenetic range of the family has recently been enhanced via the description of viruses infecting penaeid shrimp, crangonid shrimp, homarid lobsters and portunid crabs. Here we extend this by presenting the genome of another nudivirus infecting the amphipod Dikerogammarus haemobaphes. The virus, which infects cells of the host hepatopancreas, has a circular genome of 119,754 bp in length, and encodes a predicted 106 open reading frames. This novel virus encodes all the conserved nudiviral genes (sharing 57 gene homologues with other crustacean-infecting nudiviruses) but appears to lack the p6.9 gene. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that this virus branches before the other crustacean-infecting nudiviruses and shares low levels of gene/protein similarity to the Gammanudivirus genus. Comparison of gene synteny from known crustacean-infecting nudiviruses reveals conservation between Homarus gammarus nudivirus and Penaeus monodon nudivirus; however, three genomic rearrangements in this novel amphipod virus appear to break the gene synteny between this and the ones infecting lobsters and penaeid shrimp. We explore the evolutionary history and systematics of this novel virus, suggesting that it be included in the novel Epsilonnudivirus genus (Nudiviridae).
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas W Allain
- School of Forest Resource and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Grant D Stentiford
- International Centre of Excellence for Aquatic Animal Health, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquatic Science (Cefas), Weymouth, Dorset, DT4 8UB, UK
- Centre for Sustainable Aquaculture Futures, Biosciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4PY, UK
| | - David Bass
- International Centre of Excellence for Aquatic Animal Health, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquatic Science (Cefas), Weymouth, Dorset, DT4 8UB, UK
- Centre for Sustainable Aquaculture Futures, Biosciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4PY, UK
| | - Donald C Behringer
- School of Forest Resource and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
- Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32653, USA
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Jamie Bojko
- School of Health and Life Science, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, TS1 3BA, UK.
- National Horizons Centre of Excellence in Bioscience Industry, Teesside University, Darlington, DL1 1HG, UK.
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