1
|
Rawal AK, Timilsina S, Gautam S, Lamichhane S, Adhikari H. Asiatic Black Bear-Human Conflict: A Case Study from Guthichaur Rural Municipality, Jumla, Nepal. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1206. [PMID: 38672357 DOI: 10.3390/ani14081206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Our study assessed patterns of Asiatic black bear (Ursus thibetanus)-human conflicts within the Guthichaur rural municipality, Jumla, Nepal. Through semi-structured interviews with villagers, focus group discussions (FGDs), and key informant interviews (KIIs), we gathered black bear-human conflict information from 2009 to 2019. We identified three primary types of black bear-human interactions: crop damage, livestock depredation, and human injuries. Of these, crop damage (77.03%) emerged as the most prevalent issue. Notably, peak occurrences were observed during autumn (September-October) typically between 9 PM and 3 AM. Livestock depredations were more frequent during nighttime in April-August, with cows/ox (70.12%) being the most depredated animal. Our data also revealed five recorded cases of black bear attacks on humans, which transpired from September to October, primarily in farmland areas in varying years. Despite a prevailing negative perception of bears, a notable level of support exists for their conservation efforts among local communities. Furthermore, these conflicts could be mitigated by reinforcing indigenous crop protection methods and implementing targeted mitigation strategies, as observed in other regions with successful black bear-human interaction management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akshay Kumar Rawal
- Institute of Forestry, Pokhara Campus, Tribhuvan University, Pokhara 33700, Nepal
| | - Sachin Timilsina
- Department of Food and Resource Economics, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 23, 1958 Frederiksberg C, 1165 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Subash Gautam
- Seneca Polytechnic, School of Environmental and Civil Engineering Technology, 1750 Finch Avenue East, Toronto, ON M2J 2X5, Canada
| | - Saurav Lamichhane
- Faculty of Forestry, Agriculture and Forestry University, Hetauda 44100, Nepal
| | - Hari Adhikari
- Department of Geosciences and Geography, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Forest Nepal, Amar Marg 88, C3534, Butwal 32907, Nepal
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Włodarczyk R, Drzewińska-Chańko J, Kamiński M, Meissner W, Rapczyński J, Janik-Superson K, Krawczyk D, Strapagiel D, Ożarowska A, Stępniewska K, Minias P. Stopover habitat selection drives variation in the gut microbiome composition and pathogen acquisition by migrating shorebirds. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2024; 100:fiae040. [PMID: 38515294 PMCID: PMC11008731 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiae040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Long-distance host movements play a major regulatory role in shaping microbial communities of their digestive tract. Here, we studied gut microbiota composition during seasonal migration in five shorebird species (Charadrii) that use different migratory (stopover) habitats. Our analyses revealed significant interspecific variation in both composition and diversity of gut microbiome, but the effect of host identity was weak. A strong variation in gut microbiota was observed between coastal and inland (dam reservoir and river valley) stopover habitats within species. Comparisons between host age classes provided support for an increasing alpha diversity of gut microbiota during ontogeny and an age-related remodeling of microbiome composition. There was, however, no correlation between microbiome and diet composition across study species. Finally, we detected high prevalence of avian pathogens, which may cause zoonotic diseases in humans (e.g. Vibrio cholerae) and we identified stopover habitat as one of the major axes of variation in the bacterial pathogen exposure risk in shorebirds. Our study not only sheds new light on ecological processes that shape avian gut microbiota, but also has implications for our better understanding of host-pathogen interface and the role of birds in long-distance transmission of pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Radosław Włodarczyk
- University of Lodz, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Department of Biodiversity Studies and Bioeducation,, Banacha 1/3, 90-237 Łódź, Poland
| | - Joanna Drzewińska-Chańko
- University of Lodz, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Department of Biodiversity Studies and Bioeducation,, Banacha 1/3, 90-237 Łódź, Poland
| | - Maciej Kamiński
- University of Lodz, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Department of Biodiversity Studies and Bioeducation,, Banacha 1/3, 90-237 Łódź, Poland
| | - Włodzimierz Meissner
- Ornithology Unit, Department of Vertebrate Ecology and Zoology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jan Rapczyński
- Forestry Student Scientific Association, Ornithological Section, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 166, 02-787 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Janik-Superson
- University of Lodz, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Biobank Lab, Department of Oncobiology and Epigenetics, Pomorska 139, 90-235 Łódź, Poland
| | - Dawid Krawczyk
- University of Lodz, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Hydrobiology, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Łódź, Poland
| | - Dominik Strapagiel
- University of Lodz, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Biobank Lab, Department of Oncobiology and Epigenetics, Pomorska 139, 90-235 Łódź, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Ożarowska
- Ornithology Unit, Department of Vertebrate Ecology and Zoology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Stępniewska
- Ornithology Unit, Department of Vertebrate Ecology and Zoology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Piotr Minias
- University of Lodz, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Department of Biodiversity Studies and Bioeducation,, Banacha 1/3, 90-237 Łódź, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Arisan D, Moya-Beltrán A, Rojas-Villalobos C, Issotta F, Castro M, Ulloa R, Chiacchiarini PA, Díez B, Martín AJM, Ñancucheo I, Giaveno A, Johnson DB, Quatrini R. Acidithiobacillia class members originating at sites within the Pacific Ring of Fire and other tectonically active locations and description of the novel genus ' Igneacidithiobacillus'. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1360268. [PMID: 38633703 PMCID: PMC11021618 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1360268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have expanded the genomic contours of the Acidithiobacillia, highlighting important lacunae in our comprehension of the phylogenetic space occupied by certain lineages of the class. One such lineage is 'Igneacidithiobacillus', a novel genus-level taxon, represented by 'Igneacidithiobacillus copahuensis' VAN18-1T as its type species, along with two other uncultivated metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) originating from geothermally active sites across the Pacific Ring of Fire. In this study, we investigate the genetic and genomic diversity, and the distribution patterns of several uncharacterized Acidithiobacillia class strains and sequence clones, which are ascribed to the same 16S rRNA gene sequence clade. By digging deeper into this data and contributing to novel MAGs emerging from environmental studies in tectonically active locations, the description of this novel genus has been consolidated. Using state-of-the-art genomic taxonomy methods, we added to already recognized taxa, an additional four novel Candidate (Ca.) species, including 'Ca. Igneacidithiobacillus chanchocoensis' (mCHCt20-1TS), 'Igneacidithiobacillus siniensis' (S30A2T), 'Ca. Igneacidithiobacillus taupoensis' (TVZ-G3 TS), and 'Ca. Igneacidithiobacillus waiarikiensis' (TVZ-G4 TS). Analysis of published data on the isolation, enrichment, cultivation, and preliminary microbiological characterization of several of these unassigned or misassigned strains, along with the type species of the genus, plus the recoverable environmental data from metagenomic studies, allowed us to identify habitat preferences of these taxa. Commonalities and lineage-specific adaptations of the seven species of the genus were derived from pangenome analysis and comparative genomic metabolic reconstruction. The findings emerging from this study lay the groundwork for further research on the ecology, evolution, and biotechnological potential of the novel genus 'Igneacidithiobacillus'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dilanaz Arisan
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
- Centro Científico y Tecnológico de Excelencia Ciencia & Vida, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ana Moya-Beltrán
- Departamento de Informática y Computación, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana, Santiago, Chile
| | - Camila Rojas-Villalobos
- Centro Científico y Tecnológico de Excelencia Ciencia & Vida, Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Arquitectura y Diseño, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisco Issotta
- Centro Científico y Tecnológico de Excelencia Ciencia & Vida, Santiago, Chile
- Biological Sciences Faculty, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute Center for Genome Regulation (CGR), Santiago, Chile
| | - Matías Castro
- Instituto Milenio de Oceanografía (IMO), Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Ricardo Ulloa
- PROBIEN (CCT Patagonia Confluencia-CONICET, UNCo), Facultad de Ingeniería, Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Neuquén, Argentina
| | - Patricia A. Chiacchiarini
- PROBIEN (CCT Patagonia Confluencia-CONICET, UNCo), Facultad de Ingeniería, Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Neuquén, Argentina
| | - Beatriz Díez
- Biological Sciences Faculty, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute Center for Genome Regulation (CGR), Santiago, Chile
- Center for Climate and Resilience Research (CR), Santiago, Chile
| | - Alberto J. M. Martín
- Centro Científico y Tecnológico de Excelencia Ciencia & Vida, Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Arquitectura y Diseño, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Iván Ñancucheo
- Facultad de Ingeniería y Tecnología, Universidad San Sebastián, Lientur, Concepción, Chile
| | - Alejandra Giaveno
- PROBIEN (CCT Patagonia Confluencia-CONICET, UNCo), Facultad de Ingeniería, Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Neuquén, Argentina
| | - D. Barrie Johnson
- College of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom
- Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom
| | - Raquel Quatrini
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
- Centro Científico y Tecnológico de Excelencia Ciencia & Vida, Santiago, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Jones CB, Stock K, Perkins SE. AI-based discovery of habitats from museum collections. Trends Ecol Evol 2024; 39:323-327. [PMID: 38355366 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2024.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Museum collection records are a source of historic data for species occurrence, but little attention is paid to the associated descriptions of habitat at the sample locations. We propose that artificial intelligence methods have potential to use these descriptions for reconstructing past habitat, to address ecological and evolutionary questions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher B Jones
- School of Computer Science and Informatics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
| | - Kristin Stock
- Massey Geoinformatics Collaboratory, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Smith KE, Cowan L, Taylor B, McAusland L, Heatley M, Yant L, Murchie EH. Physiological adaptation to irradiance in duckweeds is species and accession specific and depends on light habitat niche. J Exp Bot 2024; 75:2046-2063. [PMID: 38217537 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Duckweeds span 36 species of free-floating aquatic organisms with body sizes ranging from 2 mm to 10 mm, where each plant body plan is reduced to a largely leaf-like structure. As an emerging crop, their fast growth rates offer potential for cultivation in closed systems. We describe a novel UK collection derived from low light (dLL) or high light (dHL) habitats, profiled for growth, photosynthesis, and photoprotection (non-photochemical quenching, NPQ) responses. Twenty-three accessions of three Lemna species and one Spirodela polyrhiza were grown under relatively low light (LL: 100 μmol m-2 s-1) and high light (HL: 350 μmol m-2 s-1) intensities. We observed broad within- and between-species level variation in photosynthesis acclimation. Duckweeds grown under HL exhibited a lower growth rate, biomass, chlorophyll, and quantum yield of photosynthesis. In HL compared with LL, carotenoid de-epoxidation state and NPQ were higher, whilst PSII efficiency (φPSII) and Chl a:b ratios were unchanged. The dLL plants showed relatively stronger acclimation to HL compared with dHL plants, especially Lemna japonica accessions. These achieved faster growth in HL with concurrent higher carotenoid levels and NPQ, and less degradation of chlorophyll. We conclude that these data support local adaptation to the light environment in duckweed affecting acclimation in controlled conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kellie E Smith
- Division of Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington LE12 5RD, UK
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Laura Cowan
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Beth Taylor
- Division of Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Lorna McAusland
- Division of Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Matthew Heatley
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Levi Yant
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Erik H Murchie
- Division of Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington LE12 5RD, UK
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Alaasam VJ, Behnke TL, Grant AR, Ouyang JQ. Glucocorticoids and land cover: a largescale comparative approach to assess a physiological biomarker for avian conservation. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2024; 379:20220508. [PMID: 38310940 PMCID: PMC10838646 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2022.0508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
As humans alter landscapes worldwide, land and wildlife managers need reliable tools to assess and monitor responses of wildlife populations. Glucocorticoid (GC) hormone levels are one common physiological metric used to quantify how populations are coping in the context of their environments. Understanding whether GC levels can reflect broad landscape characteristics, using data that are free and commonplace to diverse stakeholders, is an important step towards physiological biomarkers having practical application in management and conservation. We conducted a phylogenetic comparative analysis using publicly available datasets to test the efficacy of GCs as a biomarker for large spatial-scale avian population monitoring. We used hormone data from HormoneBase (51 species), natural history information and US national land cover data to determine if baseline or stress-induced corticosterone varies with the amount of usable land cover types within each species' home range. We found that stress-induced levels, but not baseline, positively correlated with per cent usable land cover both within and across species. Our results indicate that GC concentrations may be a useful biomarker for characterizing populations across a range of habitat availability, and we advocate for more physiological studies on non-traditional species in less studied populations to build on this framework. This article is part of the theme issue 'Endocrine responses to environmental variation: conceptual approaches and recent developments'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tessa L. Behnke
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Avery R. Grant
- Department of Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Jenny Q. Ouyang
- Department of Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sun JY, Huang RZ, Wang Q, Zhao YP, Yang SW, Cheng XF, Liu JF. Relationship between leaf vein traits of three dominant Quercus species and ecological factors in the Qinling Mountains, China. Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao 2024; 35:597-605. [PMID: 38646746 DOI: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202403.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
We investigated the inter- and intra-species differences of leaf vein traits of three dominant Quercus species, Q. wutaishanica, Q. aliena var. acutiserrata, and Q. variabilis of Niubeiling (subtropical humid climate) and Taohuagou (warm temperate semi-humid climate), located in the eastern and western Qinling Mountains. The nine examined leaf vein traits included primary leaf vein width, secondary leaf vein width, mean fine vein width, primary vein density, fine vein density, vein areole diameter, areole density, 3D fine vein surface area, and fine vein volume. We further elucidated the influencing mechanisms and regulatory pathways of biotic and abiotic factors on leaf vein traits. The results showed that species identity had significant effects on eight out of nine leaf vein traits except 3D fine vein surface area, while habitat had significant effects on primary leaf vein width, secondary leaf vein width, vein areole diameter, fine vein density, and areole density. Altitude had significant effects on primary vein density, mean fine vein width, vein areole diameter, fine vein density and areole density. Habitat, tree species identity, and altitude had significantly interactive effects on primary leaf vein density, 3D fine vein surface area, and fine vein volume. There were significant differences in primary leaf vein width, mean fine vein width, areole density, 3D fine vein surface area, fine vein volume, primary vein density of Q. wutaishanica between the two studied habitats, but the differences were only found in secondary leaf vein width and areole density of Q. aliena var. acutiserrata and Q. variabilis. The examined leaf vein traits were influenced both by biotic and abiotic factors, with varying effect sizes. Among the biotic factors, petiole length, leaf length and width ratio had strong effect on leaf vein traits. Among the abiotic factors, climatic and soil factors had high effect size on vein traits, with the former being higher than the latter. Leaf vein traits were affected directly by biotic factors, but indirectly by abiotic factors (soil and climatic factors) via regulating biotic factors (leaf stoichiometry and leaf phenotypic traits).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Yi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources/Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Rui-Zhi Huang
- Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Nature Conservation, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Qi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources/Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Yi-Pei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources/Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Shao-Wei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources/Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Xiang-Fen Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources/Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Jian-Feng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources/Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ma A, Hu JJ, Chen YQ, Wang X, Tuo YL, Yue L, Li XF, Dai D, Wei YH, Zhang B, Li Y. Multiple evidence reveals two new species and new distributions of Calocybe species (Lyophyllaceae) from northeastern China. MycoKeys 2024; 103:37-55. [PMID: 38516363 PMCID: PMC10955216 DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.103.116605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The Calocybe species possess notable economic and medicinal value, demonstrating substantial potential for resource utilization. The taxonomic studies of Calocybe are lacking in quality and depth. Based on the specimens collected from northeast China, this study provides a detailed description of two newly discovered species, namely Calocybebetulicola and Calocybecystidiosa, as well as two commonly found species, Calocybedecolorata and Calocybeionides. Additionally, a previously unrecorded species, C.decolorata, has recently been discovered in Jilin Province, China. The two newly discovered species can be accurately distinguished from other species within the genus Calocybe based on their distinct morphological characteristics. The primary distinguishing features of C.betulicola include its grayish-purple pileus, grayish-brown to dark purple stipe, smaller basidiomata, absence of cellular pileipellis, and its habitat on leaf litter within birch forests. Calocybecystidiosa is distinguished by its growth on the leaf litter of coniferous forests, a flesh-pink pileus, a fibrous stipe with a white tomentose covering at the base, non-cellular pileipellis, larger basidiospores, and the presence of cheilocystidia. The reconstruction of phylogenetic trees using combined ITS, nLSU, and tef1-α sequences, employing maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference analyses, showed that C.betulicola formed a cluster with C.decurrens, while C.cystidiosa clustered with C.vinacea. However, these two clusters formed separate branches themselves, which also supported the results obtained from our morphological studies. A key to the Calocybe species reported from northeast China is provided to facilitate future studies of the genus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ao Ma
- School of Life Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Jia-Jun Hu
- Engineering Research Centre of Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- Joint Laboratory of International Cooperation in Modern Agricultural Technology, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, Jilin Province, China
| | - Yue-Qu Chen
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Engineering Research Centre of Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Yong-Lan Tuo
- Engineering Research Centre of Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Lei Yue
- Engineering Research Centre of Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Xue-Fei Li
- Engineering Research Centre of Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Dan Dai
- Forestry Resources Protection Institute, Jilin Provincial Academy of Forestry Sciences, Changchun 130033, Jilin Province, China
| | - Yun-Hui Wei
- Forestry Resources Protection Institute, Jilin Provincial Academy of Forestry Sciences, Changchun 130033, Jilin Province, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Engineering Research Centre of Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Yu Li
- Engineering Research Centre of Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ancillotto L, Amori G, Capizzi D, Cignini B, Zapparoli M, Mori E. No city for wetland species: habitat associations affect mammal persistence in urban areas. Proc Biol Sci 2024; 291:20240079. [PMID: 38471547 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2024.0079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The fast rate of replacement of natural areas by expanding cities is a key threat to wildlife worldwide. Many wild species occur in cities, yet little is known on the dynamics of urban wildlife assemblages due to species' extinction and colonization that may occur in response to the rapidly evolving conditions within urban areas. Namely, species' ability to spread within urban areas, besides habitat preferences, is likely to shape the fate of species once they occur in a city. Here we use a long-term dataset on mammals occurring in one of the largest and most ancient cities in Europe to assess whether and how spatial spread and association with specific habitats drive the probability of local extinction within cities. Our analysis included mammalian records dating between years 1832 and 2023, and revealed that local extinctions in urban areas are biased towards species associated with wetlands and that were naturally rare within the city. Besides highlighting the role of wetlands within urban areas for conserving wildlife, our work also highlights the importance of long-term biodiversity monitoring in highly dynamic habitats such as cities, as a key asset to better understand wildlife trends and thus foster more sustainable and biodiversity-friendly cities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Ancillotto
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute for the Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), via della Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), Palermo, Italy
| | - Giovanni Amori
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute for the Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), via della Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Dario Capizzi
- Latium Region Directorate for Environment, Via di Campo Romano 65, 00173 Rome, Italy
| | - Bruno Cignini
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Marzio Zapparoli
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest systems (DIBAF), Università degli Studi della Tuscia, via San Camillo de Lellis snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Emiliano Mori
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute for the Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), via della Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), Palermo, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Shen Y, Hussey NE, David M, Wu F, Li Y. Vertebral microchemistry as an indicator of habitat use of the oceanic whitetip shark Carcharhinus longimanus in the central and eastern Pacific Ocean. J Fish Biol 2024. [PMID: 38445757 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
The oceanic whitetip shark, Carcharhinus longimanus, is a highly migratory, epipelagic top predator that is classified as critically endangered. Although this species is widely distributed throughout the world's tropical oceans, its assumed mobility and pelagic behavior limit studies to derive required lifetime data for management. To address this data deficiency, we assessed variation in the habitat use of C. longimanus by oceanic region and over ontogeny through time series trace element and stable isotope values conserved along the vertebral centra (within translucent annulus bands) of 13 individuals sampled from the central and eastern Pacific Ocean. Elemental ratios of Mg:Ca, Mn:Ca, Fe:Ca, Zn:Ca, and Ba:Ca varied significantly among individuals from both sampling regions while principal component analysis of combined standardized elements revealed minimal overlap between the two areas. The limited overlap was also in agreement with stable isotope niches. These findings indicate that C. longimanus exhibit a degree of fidelity to sampling regions but also connectivity in a proportion of the population. The relatively stable Sr:Ca ratio supports its occurrence in oceanic environments. The decreasing trends in Ba:Ca, Mn:Ca, and Zn:Ca ratios, as well as in carbon and nitrogen isotope values along vertebral transects, indicate that C. longimanus undergo a directional habitat shift with age. Combined elemental and stable isotope values in vertebral centra provide a promising tool for elucidating lifetime data for complex pelagic species. For C. longimanus, management will need to consider subpopulation movement behavior in the Pacific to minimize the potential for localized depletions. Further work is now required to sample individuals across the entire Pacific and to link these findings with genetic and movement data to define population structure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongfu Shen
- College of Marine Living Resources and Management, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Nigel E Hussey
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mboglen David
- College of Marine Living Resources and Management, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Wu
- College of Marine Living Resources and Management, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- The Key Laboratory of Sustainable Exploitation of Oceanic Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
- National Engineering Research Centre for Oceanic Fisheries, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunkai Li
- College of Marine Living Resources and Management, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- The Key Laboratory of Sustainable Exploitation of Oceanic Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
- National Engineering Research Centre for Oceanic Fisheries, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kaspari M, Weiser MD, Siler CD, Marshall KE, Smith SN, Stroh KM, de Beurs KM. Capacity and establishment rules govern the number of nonnative species in communities of ground-dwelling invertebrates. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e10856. [PMID: 38487748 PMCID: PMC10937486 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Nonnative species are a key agent of global change. However, nonnative invertebrates remain understudied at the community scales where they are most likely to drive local extirpations. We use the North American NEON pitfall trapping network to document the number of nonnative species from 51 invertebrate communities, testing four classes of drivers. We sequenced samples using the eDNA from the sample's storage ethanol. We used AICc informed regression to evaluate how native species richness, productivity, habitat, temperature, and human population density and vehicular traffic account for continent-wide variation in the number of nonnative species in a local community. The percentage of nonnatives varied 3-fold among habitat types and over 10-fold (0%-14%) overall. We found evidence for two types of constraints on nonnative diversity. Consistent with Capacity rules (i.e., how the number of niches and individuals reflect the number of species an ecosystem can support) nonnatives increased with existing native species richness and ecosystem productivity. Consistent with Establishment Rules (i.e., how the dispersal rate of nonnative propagules and the number of open sites limits nonnative species richness) nonnatives increased with automobile traffic-a measure of human-generated propagule pressure-and were twice as common in pastures than native grasslands. After accounting for drivers associated with a community's ability to support native species (native species richness and productivity), nonnatives are more common in communities that are regularly seasonally disturbed (pastures and, potentially deciduous forests) and those experiencing more vehicular traffic. These baseline values across the US North America will allow NEON's monitoring mission to document how anthropogenic change-from disturbance to propagule transport, from temperature to trends in local extinction-further shape biotic homogenization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kaspari
- Geographical Ecology Group, Department of BiologyUniversity of OklahomaNormanOklahomaUSA
- Conservation Ecology CenterSmithsonian's National Zoo and Conservation Biology InstituteFront RoyalVirginiaUSA
| | - Michael D. Weiser
- Geographical Ecology Group, Department of BiologyUniversity of OklahomaNormanOklahomaUSA
| | - Cameron D. Siler
- Geographical Ecology Group, Department of BiologyUniversity of OklahomaNormanOklahomaUSA
- Sam Noble Oklahoma Museum of Natural HistoryUniversity of OklahomaNormanOklahomaUSA
| | - Katie E. Marshall
- Department of ZoologyUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Sierra N. Smith
- Geographical Ecology Group, Department of BiologyUniversity of OklahomaNormanOklahomaUSA
- Sam Noble Oklahoma Museum of Natural HistoryUniversity of OklahomaNormanOklahomaUSA
| | - Katherine M. Stroh
- Sam Noble Oklahoma Museum of Natural HistoryUniversity of OklahomaNormanOklahomaUSA
| | - Kirsten M. de Beurs
- Laboratory of Geo‐Information Science and Remote SensingWageningen University and ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhang W, Liang F, Zhao Y, Li J, He C, Zhao Y, Lai S, Xu Y, Ding W, Wei X, Jiang X, Yang R, Zhen X. Multiparametric MR-based feature fusion radiomics combined with ADC maps-based tumor proliferative burden in distinguishing TNBC versus non-TNBC. Phys Med Biol 2024; 69:055032. [PMID: 38306970 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ad25c0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Objective.To investigate the incremental value of quantitative stratified apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) defined tumor habitats for differentiating triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) from non-TNBC on multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) based feature-fusion radiomics (RFF) model.Approach.466 breast cancer patients (54 TNBC, 412 non-TNBC) who underwent routine breast MRIs in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed. Radiomics features were extracted from whole tumor on T2WI, diffusion-weighted imaging, ADC maps and the 2nd phase of dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI. Four models including the RFFmodel (fused features from all MRI sequences), RADCmodel (ADC radiomics feature), StratifiedADCmodel (tumor habitas defined on stratified ADC parameters) and combinational RFF-StratifiedADCmodel were constructed to distinguish TNBC versus non-TNBC. All cases were randomly divided into a training (n= 337) and test set (n= 129). The four competing models were validated using the area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity and accuracy.Main results.Both the RFFand StratifiedADCmodels demonstrated good performance in distinguishing TNBC from non-TNBC, with best AUCs of 0.818 and 0.773 in the training and test sets. StratifiedADCmodel revealed significant different tumor habitats (necrosis/cysts habitat, chaotic habitat or proliferative tumor core) between TNBC and non-TNBC with its top three discriminative parameters (p <0.05). The integrated RFF-StratifiedADCmodel demonstrated superior accuracy over the other three models, with higher AUCs of 0.832 and 0.784 in the training and test set, respectively (p <0.05).Significance.The RFF-StratifiedADCmodel through integrating various tumor habitats' information from whole-tumor ADC maps-based StratifiedADCmodel and radiomics information from mpMRI-based RFFmodel, exhibits tremendous promise for identifying TNBC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wanli Zhang
- Department of Radiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510180, People's Republic of China
- Department of Radiology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510180, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangrong Liang
- Department of Radiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510180, People's Republic of China
- Department of Radiology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510180, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510180, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiamin Li
- Department of Radiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510180, People's Republic of China
- Department of Radiology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510180, People's Republic of China
| | - Chutong He
- Department of Radiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510180, People's Republic of China
- Department of Radiology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510180, People's Republic of China
| | - Yandong Zhao
- Department of Radiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510180, People's Republic of China
- Department of Radiology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510180, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengsheng Lai
- School of Medical Equipment, Guangdong Food and Drug Vocational College, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510520, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongzhou Xu
- Philips Healthcare, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510220, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenshuang Ding
- Department of Pathology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510180, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinhua Wei
- Department of Radiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510180, People's Republic of China
- Department of Radiology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510180, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinqing Jiang
- Department of Radiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510180, People's Republic of China
- Department of Radiology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510180, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruimeng Yang
- Department of Radiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510180, People's Republic of China
- Department of Radiology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510180, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Zhen
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ding L, Ding C, Tao J, Avigliano E, Shipley ON, Tang B, Chen J, Liu X, Sun J, He D. MFishBT: A global database of biogeochemical tags in migratory fish. Ecology 2024; 105:e4211. [PMID: 38010728 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.4211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Humans have long been fascinated by the mysteries surrounding fish migrations and addressing these complex behaviors often requires large data sets. Biogeochemical tags, including trace elements and stable isotopes, are the most accessible biomarkers for tracking fish migrations. However, access to standardized biogeochemical tag data is rarely available for migratory fish, which limits our understanding of the evolutionary origins, drivers, timing, and corridors of migration. This precludes the development of conservation strategies and the implementation of management actions. Here, we present MFishBT, a global, open-access database of Migratory Fish's Biogeochemical Tags. As of April 2023, the MFishBT contains biogeochemical records from 1,305 studies, of which 53% used element-to-calcium (E/Ca) ratios, 34% used isotopic ratios, and 13% used both. The database covers 17,413 field sampling locations (inland 47% vs. marine 53%) around the globe, comprising 490 migratory fish species of four classes, 44 orders/suborders, and 137 families. In total, 77 trace elements and 11 isotope systems were measured across various fish biological archives, including otoliths, scales, eye lenses, and vertebrae. E/Ca ratios were examined more frequently than isotopic ratios, led by Sr/Ca, Mg/Ca, Ba/Ca, and 87 Sr/86 Sr, δ13 C, and δ18 O. The MFishBT compiles 27,030, 16,222, and 2,481,714 records with biogeochemical data detected in the core, edge, and core-to-edge transects for biological archives of migratory fish. This is the most globally comprehensive open-access database on biogeochemical tags in migratory fish to date, and can serve a variety of needs in scientific research, conservation, and management. We encourage researchers to add more data sets to this database in the future. This database is released for noncommercial use only. There are no copyright restrictions, and please cite this paper when using these data, or a subset of these data, for publication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liuyong Ding
- Institute of International Rivers and Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of International Rivers and Transboundary Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Chengzhi Ding
- Institute of International Rivers and Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of International Rivers and Transboundary Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Institute of Yunnan Plateau Indigenous Fish, Kunming, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Transboundary Eco-Security of Southwest, Kunming, China
| | - Juan Tao
- Institute of International Rivers and Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of International Rivers and Transboundary Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Transboundary Eco-Security of Southwest, Kunming, China
| | - Esteban Avigliano
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Producción Animal (INPA-CONICET-UBA), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Oliver N Shipley
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Bangli Tang
- Institute of International Rivers and Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of International Rivers and Transboundary Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Jinnan Chen
- Institute of International Rivers and Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of International Rivers and Transboundary Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xingchen Liu
- Institute of International Rivers and Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of International Rivers and Transboundary Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Jingrui Sun
- Institute of International Rivers and Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of International Rivers and Transboundary Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Daming He
- Institute of International Rivers and Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of International Rivers and Transboundary Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Sciandrello S, Giusso del Galdo G. The Orophilous Shrubby Vegetation of the Juniperetalia hemisphaericae Order in Sicily: A Refuge Habitat for Many Endemic Vascular Species. Plants (Basel) 2024; 13:423. [PMID: 38337957 PMCID: PMC10857485 DOI: 10.3390/plants13030423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
An in-depth analysis of the orophilous vegetation dominated by Juniperus hemisphaerica in Sicily, based on literature data and unpublished relevés, is presented. A total of 156 phytosociological relevés were processed and analyzed using classification and ordination methods. Overall, 151 vascular plant species were recorded, of which 38% were endemic species, with a dominant hemicryptophytic biological form (49%). Classification of the relevés, supported by ordination, showed two main vegetation groups: one including the Juniperus communities of Mt. Madonie (Cerastio tomentosi-Juniperetum hemisphaericae and Pruno cupanianae-Juniperetum hemisphaericae), and the other including the vegetation of Mt. Etna (Bellardiochloo aetnensis-Juniperetum hemisphaericae and Roso siculae-Juniperetum hemisphaericae ass. nova). Furthermore, a new alliance, Berberido aetnensis-Juniperion hemisphericae, is proposed for Sicily.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saverio Sciandrello
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Catania, Via A. Longo 19, 95125 Catania, Italy;
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Price MHH, Moore JW, McKinnell S, Connors BM, Reynolds JD. Habitat modulates population-level responses of freshwater salmon growth to a century of change in climate and competition. Glob Chang Biol 2024; 30:e17095. [PMID: 38273478 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
The impacts of climate change are widespread and threaten natural systems globally. Yet, within regions, heterogeneous physical landscapes can differentially filter climate, leading to local response diversity. For example, it is possible that while freshwater lakes are sensitive to climate change, they may exhibit a diversity of thermal responses owing to their unique morphology, which in turn can differentially affect the growth and survival of vulnerable biota such as fishes. In particular, salmonids are cold-water fishes with complex life histories shaped by diverse freshwater habitats that are sensitive to warming temperatures. Here we examine the influence of habitat on the growth of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) in nursery lakes of Canada's Skeena River watershed over a century of change in regional temperature and intraspecific competition. We found that freshwater growth has generally increased over the last century. While growth tended to be higher in years with relatively higher summer air temperatures (a proxy for lake temperature), long-term increases in growth appear largely influenced by reduced competition. However, habitat played an important role in modulating the effect of high temperature. Specifically, growth was positively associated with rising temperatures in relatively deep (>50 m) nursery lakes, whereas warmer temperatures were not associated with a change in growth for fish among shallow lakes. The influence of temperature on growth also was modulated by glacier extent whereby the growth of fish from lakes situated in watersheds with little (i.e., <5%) glacier cover increased with rising temperatures, but decreased with rising temperatures for fish in lakes within more glaciated watersheds. Maintaining the integrity of an array of freshwater habitats-and the processes that generate and maintain them-will help foster a diverse climate-response portfolio for important fish species, which in turn can ensure that salmon watersheds are resilient to future environmental change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael H H Price
- Earth to Ocean Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jonathan W Moore
- Earth to Ocean Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Skip McKinnell
- Salmoforsk International Environmental Consulting, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Brendan M Connors
- Earth to Ocean Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Institute of Oceans Sciences, Sidney, British Columbia, Canada
| | - John D Reynolds
- Earth to Ocean Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Clarke HE. A checklist of European butterfly larval foodplants. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e10834. [PMID: 38192903 PMCID: PMC10771928 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Butterflies are charismatic insects and have been well studied, particularly in Europe. They are disproportionately used in generating and testing hypotheses; on everything from general evolutionary processes, such as speciation or host association dynamics; to conservation-related studies, such as climate change or habitat loss. Accurate lists of the larval foodplants for European butterflies are not readily available. Mistakes are propagated and information cannot be checked for accuracy. The level of evidence is unknown, and how usage varies between countries is poorly understood. The study consulted 1119 references to produce 19,488 records of larval foodplants for European butterflies. This resulted in 5589 larval host plant records for 464 European butterfly species, with multiple references, enabling information to be checked. Information was unavailable for 59 species. The level of evidence for each relationship shows the current state of knowledge. Significant issues were identified for 3.9% of records extracted from references due to mistakes, ambiguous or unknown plant names, distribution issues, resulting in information being lost. Plants with questionable distributions suggest either mis-identification or species that have been split. Little is known about plant usage in Eastern Europe. The larval foodplants of many monophagous and Satyrinae butterflies are poorly studied. Only 63% of threatened 2010 Red Listed butterflies have reliable host plant records. The study has provided ecologists with a valuable resource, of a more accurate checklist of the larval foodplants for each European country. Why plant usage varies over a butterfly's distribution opens up some interesting research questions.
Collapse
|
17
|
Hepler JR, Mills NJ, Smytheman P, Beers EH. Suitability of the shrub-steppe habitat of Eastern Washington for Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae). Environ Entomol 2023; 52:1152-1161. [PMID: 37878780 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvad108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
The invasive brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys Stål (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), has spread throughout most of Washington (WA) State since its detection in 2012. While it has emerged as a major agricultural and nuisance pest in the Pacific Northwest (PNW) west of the Cascade Mountains, pest pressure in the major tree fruit-growing areas in semi-arid northern and central WA State remains low. The reasons for this are unclear, although both biotic and abiotic conditions may be contributing factors. We evaluated the suitability of a common shrub-steppe/riparian corridor plant assemblage for supporting H. halys development from egg to adult in summer and fall through controlled feeding studies. Nymphs successfully completed development on this diet of PNW native plants, though it generally resulted in lower survivorship and adult weight and longer developmental times than a modified colony diet or a diet of known hosts from the eastern United States. These developmental data were used to parameterize stage-structured matrix models to predict the impact of diet and extreme heat events on H. halys population growth. The predicted net reproductive rate (R0) of H. halys was consistently and substantially reduced by a diet of PNW native plants, and heat shock imposed further severe reductions in R0. Our results suggest that the combined population effects of suboptimal plant host quality and regional heat waves may explain the lack of landscape-level H. halys pest pressure in semi-arid regions of the PNW.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James R Hepler
- USDA-ARS U.S. Arid Land Agricultural Research Center, 21881 N Cardon Ln, Maricopa, AZ 85138, USA
| | - Nicholas J Mills
- University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-3114, USA
| | - Peter Smytheman
- Washington State University Tree Fruit Research and Extension Center, 1100 N Western Ave, Wenatchee, WA 98801, USA
| | - Elizabeth H Beers
- Washington State University Tree Fruit Research and Extension Center, 1100 N Western Ave, Wenatchee, WA 98801, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Qiu T, Liu Z, Li H, Yang J, Liu B, Yang Y. Contrasting patterns of genetic and phenotypic divergence of two sympatric congeners, Phragmites australis and P. hirsuta, in heterogeneous habitats. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1299128. [PMID: 38162310 PMCID: PMC10756910 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1299128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Habitat heterogeneity leads to genome-wide differentiation and morphological and ecological differentiation, which will progress along the speciation continuum, eventually leading to speciation. Phragmites hirsuta and Phragmites australis are sympatric congeners that coexist in saline-alkaline meadow soil (SAS) and sandy soil (SS) habitats of the Songnen Meadow. The results provided genetic evidence for two separate species of reeds. Genetic diversity and spatial genetic structure supported the specialist-generalist variation hypothesis (SGVH) in these two sympatric reed species, suggesting that P. australis is a generalist and P. hirsuta is a habitat specialist. When we compared these different species with respect to phenotypic and genetic variation patterns in different habitats, we found that the phenotypic differentiation of P. australis between the two habitats was higher than that of P. hirsuta. Multiple subtle differences in morphology, genetic background, and habitat use collectively contribute to ecological success for similar congeners. This study provided evidence of the two reed congeners, which should contribute to their success in harsh environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tian Qiu
- School of Life Sciences, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhiyuan Liu
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Changchun University, Changchun, China
| | - Haiyan Li
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Ji Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Yunfei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Hadden W, Brewster CC, Leskey TC, Bergh JC. Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) trap captures at orchard and nonorchard sites and the influence of uncultivated woody host plants in adjoining woodlots. J Econ Entomol 2023; 116:2076-2084. [PMID: 37874951 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toad190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
The invasive Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) has threatened Mid-Atlantic tree fruit since 2010. To identify factors underlying observed differences in H. halys pest pressure among individual orchards within a geographically proximate area, a 3-yr study was conducted across 10 apple orchard and 8 nonorchard sites bordered by unmanaged woodlots. At each site, 3 pheromone traps were monitored weekly for H. halys captures from late April to mid-October. Apple injury was assessed at harvest at orchard sites annually, and a survey of woody plants found in woodlots adjacent to all sites was conducted. There were no significant differences in captures between orchard and nonorchard site types, but captures were significantly different among individual orchard sites and among individual nonorchard sites. A significant positive relationship between the amount of stink bug injury on apple at harvest and late season captures was detected at orchard sites in 2018 and 2019. Among woodlots adjacent to all sites, a significant positive relationship between the proportion of Lonicera spp. and mid- and late-season nymphal captures was identified. Season-long nymphal captures were positively related to the proportion of Lonicera and Elaeagnus and negatively with Sassafras. For adults, captures were negatively related to the proportion of Ailanthus and positively related to the proportion of Fraxinus in the early and mid-season, respectively. Our results indicate that orchard presence was not driving the relative abundance of localized H. halys populations and that differences in relative densities among sites point to other factors, such as abundance of specific uncultivated woody hosts in unmanaged areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Whitney Hadden
- Syngenta Crop Protection, 410 Swing Road, Greensboro, NC 27409, USA
| | - Carlyle C Brewster
- Plant and Environmental Science Department, Clemson University, 172 Poole Agricultural Center, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Tracy C Leskey
- USDA, Appalachian Fruit Research Station, 2217 Wiltshire Road, Kearneysville, WV 25430, USA
| | - J Christopher Bergh
- Virginia Tech, Alson H. Smith, Jr. Agricultural Research and Extension Center, 595 Laurel Grove Road, Winchester, VA 22602, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Liu P, Wang Z, An K, Tan Y, Ji W, Su J. Possibility of Wild Boar Harm Occurring in Five Provinces of Northwest China. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3788. [PMID: 38136825 PMCID: PMC10741053 DOI: 10.3390/ani13243788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
With the implementation of ecological engineering projects and related policies in China, wild boar (Sus scrofa) populations have surged, leading to increasingly serious conflicts with humans. We evaluated their potential habitat changes from the perspective of environmental suitability. To elucidate the suitable habitat characteristics for wild boars, we obtained data from 79 sites in five provinces in northwest China using database retrieval, human-wildlife conflict (HWC) incident questionnaires, and document retrieval. Thus, 10 environmental variables with lower correlation were selected, and potentially suitable distribution areas for wild boars under the current climate scenario were predicted based on the maximum entropy model. These areas were superimposed with different land use types in different periods to explore habitat selection. Precipitation seasonality (26.40%), human footprint index (16.50%), and elevation (11.90%) were the main environmental factors affecting wild boar distribution. The areas with high potential suitability for wild boars were mainly in the southeast and northwest of the region (total area of 2.63 × 105 km2). The land use types in the high-suitability zones are mainly woodland and grassland with high coverage, canopy density, and cultivated land borders. This study provides a reference for the effective prevention of HWC and management of wild boars.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Penghui Liu
- College of Grassland Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (P.L.); (Z.W.); (K.A.); (Y.T.)
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystem, Ministry of Education, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Gansu Agricultural University-Massey University Research Centre for Grassland Biodiversity, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China;
| | - Zhicheng Wang
- College of Grassland Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (P.L.); (Z.W.); (K.A.); (Y.T.)
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystem, Ministry of Education, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Gansu Agricultural University-Massey University Research Centre for Grassland Biodiversity, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China;
| | - Kang An
- College of Grassland Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (P.L.); (Z.W.); (K.A.); (Y.T.)
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystem, Ministry of Education, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Gansu Agricultural University-Massey University Research Centre for Grassland Biodiversity, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China;
| | - Yuchen Tan
- College of Grassland Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (P.L.); (Z.W.); (K.A.); (Y.T.)
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystem, Ministry of Education, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Gansu Agricultural University-Massey University Research Centre for Grassland Biodiversity, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China;
| | - Weihong Ji
- Gansu Agricultural University-Massey University Research Centre for Grassland Biodiversity, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China;
| | - Junhu Su
- College of Grassland Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (P.L.); (Z.W.); (K.A.); (Y.T.)
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystem, Ministry of Education, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Gansu Agricultural University-Massey University Research Centre for Grassland Biodiversity, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China;
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Tejero-Cicuéndez H, Menéndez I, Talavera A, Mochales-Riaño G, Burriel-Carranza B, Simó-Riudalbas M, Carranza S, Adams DC. Evolution along allometric lines of least resistance: morphological differentiation in Pristurus geckos. Evolution 2023; 77:2547-2560. [PMID: 37724794 DOI: 10.1093/evolut/qpad166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Species living in distinct habitats often experience unique ecological selective pressures, which can drive phenotypic divergence. However, how ecophenotypic patterns are affected by allometric trends and trait integration levels is less well understood. Here we evaluate the role of allometry in shaping body size and body form diversity in Pristurus geckos utilizing differing habitats. We found that patterns of allometry and integration in body form were distinct in species with different habitat preferences, with ground-dwelling Pristurus displaying the most divergent allometric trend and high levels of integration. There was also strong concordance between intraspecific allometry across individuals and evolutionary allometry among species, revealing that differences in body form among individuals were predictive of evolutionary changes across the phylogeny at macroevolutionary scales. This suggested that phenotypic evolution occurred along allometric lines of least resistance, with allometric trajectories imposing a strong influence on the magnitude and direction of size and shape changes across the phylogeny. When viewed in phylomorphospace, the largest rock-dwelling species were most similar to the smallest ground-dwelling species, and vice versa. Thus, in Pristurus, phenotypic evolution along the differing habitat-based allometric trajectories resulted in similar body forms at differing body sizes in distinct ecological habitats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Héctor Tejero-Cicuéndez
- Department of Biodiversity, Ecology and Evolution, Faculty of Biology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology (CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Iris Menéndez
- Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Berlin, Germany
| | - Adrián Talavera
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology (CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Marc Simó-Riudalbas
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology (CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Salvador Carranza
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology (CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dean C Adams
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Cawthon SMO, Dimise MM, Frazier R. First Record of Aedes Japonicus in St. Tammany Parish, Louisiana. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 2023; 39:278-280. [PMID: 38108424 DOI: 10.2987/23-7142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Information of species presence and abundance is useful for taking a targeted approach to controlling populations of medically important and nuisance mosquito species. In April 2023, staff at St. Tammany Parish Mosquito Abatement District (STPMAD), in Slidell, Louisiana, identified Aedes japonicus (Theobald, 1901) mosquitoes from a larval sample brought in from the field for identification. Although invasive Aedes species like Aedes albopictus are commonly found in Louisiana, this is the first record of Ae. japonicus in St. Tammany Parish.
Collapse
|
23
|
Gao C, Hong Y, Sun S, Zhang N, Liu X, Wang Z, Zhou S, Zhang M. An Evaluation of Suitable Habitats for Amur Tigers ( Panthera tigris altaica) in Northeastern China Based on the Random Forest Model. Biology (Basel) 2023; 12:1444. [PMID: 37998043 PMCID: PMC10669879 DOI: 10.3390/biology12111444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Amur tigers are at the top of the food chain and play an important role in maintaining the health of forest ecosystems. Scientific and detailed assessment of the habitat quality of Amur tigers in China is the key to maintaining the forest ecosystem and also addressing the urgent need to protect and restore the wild population of Amur tigers in China. This study used the random forest method to predict the potential habitat of Amur tigers in Heilongjiang and Jilin provinces using animal occurrence sites and a variety of environmental variables. Random forests are a combination of tree predictors such that each tree depends on the values of a random vector sampled independently and with the same distribution for all trees in the forest. The generalization error for forests converges to a limit as the number of trees in the forest becomes large. The generalization error of a forest of tree classifiers depends on the strength of the individual trees in the forest and the correlation between them. The results showed that the AUC value of the test set was 0.955. The true skill statistic (TSS) value is 0.5924, indicating that the model had good prediction accuracy. Using the optimal threshold determined by the Youden index as the cutoff value, we found that the suitable habitat for Amur tigers in the field was approximately 107,600 km2, accounting for 16.3% of the total study areas. It was mainly distributed in the Sino-Russian border areas in the south of the Laoyeling Mountains at the junction of Jilin and Heilongjiang provinces, the Sino-Russian border areas of Hulin-Raohe in the eastern part of the Wanda Mountains, and the Lesser Khingan Mountain forest region. The habitat suitability of the Greater Khingan Mountain and the plain areas connecting Harbin and Changchun was relatively low. Prey potential richness was the most critical factor driving the distribution of Amur tigers. Compared with their prey, the potential habitats for Amur tigers in Heilongjiang and Jilin provinces were small in total areas, sporadically distributed, and had low continuity and a lack of connectivity between patches. This indicates that some factors may restrict the diffusion of the Amur tiger, whereas the diffusion of ungulates is less restricted. The Amur tigers in this area face a serious threat of habitat fragmentation, suggesting that habitat protection, restoration, and ecological corridor construction should be strengthened to increase population dispersal and exchange. We provide a reference for future population conservation, habitat restoration, construction of ecological migration corridors, and population exchange of Amur tigers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunyu Gao
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (C.G.); (Y.H.); (S.S.); (N.Z.); (X.L.); (Z.W.)
| | - Yang Hong
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (C.G.); (Y.H.); (S.S.); (N.Z.); (X.L.); (Z.W.)
| | - Shiquan Sun
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (C.G.); (Y.H.); (S.S.); (N.Z.); (X.L.); (Z.W.)
| | - Ning Zhang
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (C.G.); (Y.H.); (S.S.); (N.Z.); (X.L.); (Z.W.)
| | - Xinxin Liu
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (C.G.); (Y.H.); (S.S.); (N.Z.); (X.L.); (Z.W.)
| | - Zheyu Wang
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (C.G.); (Y.H.); (S.S.); (N.Z.); (X.L.); (Z.W.)
| | - Shaochun Zhou
- Heilongjiang Wildlife Research Institute, Harbin 150081, China;
| | - Minghai Zhang
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (C.G.); (Y.H.); (S.S.); (N.Z.); (X.L.); (Z.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Blanco J, Moroño Á, Arévalo F, Correa J, Lamas JP. Yessotoxins in Mollusks of the Galician Coast from 2014 to 2022: Variability, Biotransformation, and Resistance to Alkaline Hydrolysis. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:661. [PMID: 37999524 PMCID: PMC10674579 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15110661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The presence of yessotoxins (YTXs) was analyzed in 10,757 samples of Galician bivalves from 2014 to 2022. Only YTX and 45-OH YTX were found. YTX was detected in 31% of the samples, while 45-OH YTX was found in 11.6% of them. Among the samples containing YTX, 45-OH YTX was detected in 37.3% of cases. The maximum recorded levels were 1.4 and 0.16 mg of YTX-equivalentsg-1, for YTX and 45-OH YTX, respectively, which are well below the regulatory limit of the European Union. The YTX and 45-OH YTX toxicities in the raw extracts and extracts subjected to alkaline hydrolysis were strongly and linearly related. Due to the lack of homo-YTX in Galician samples, the effect of alkaline hydrolysis on homo-YTX and 45OH-Homo-YTX was only checked in 23 additional samples, observing no negative effect but a high correlation between raw and hydrolyzed extracts. Hydrolyzed samples can be used instead of raw ones to carry out YTXs determinations in monitoring systems, which may increase the efficiency of those systems where okadaic acid episodes are very frequent and therefore a higher number of hydrolyzed samples are routinely analyzed. The presence of YTX in the studied bivalves varied with the species, with mussels and cockles having the highest percentages of YTX-detected samples. The presence of 45-OH YTX was clearly related to YTX and was detected only in mussels and cockles. Wild populations of mussels contained proportionally more 45-OH YTX than those that were raft-cultured. Spatially, toxin toxicities varied across the sampling area, with higher levels in raft-cultured mussels except those of Ría de Arousa. Ría de Ares (ARE) was the most affected geographical area, although in other northern locations, lower toxin levels were detected. Seasonally, YTX and 45-OH YTX toxicities showed similar patterns, with higher levels in late summer and autumn but lower toxicities of the 45-OH toxin in August. The relationship between the two toxins also varied seasonally, in general with a minimum proportion of 45-OH YTX in July-August but with different maximum levels for raft-cultured and wild mussel populations. Interannually, the average toxicities of YTX decreased from 2014 to 2017 and newly increased from 2018 to 2021, but decreased slightly in 2022. The relationship between 45-OH YTX and YTX also varied over the years, but neither a clear trend nor a similar trend for wild and raft mussels was observed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Blanco
- Centro de Investigacións Mariñas (CIMA), Xunta de Galicia, 36611 Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Ángeles Moroño
- Instituto Tecnolóxico para o Control do Medio Mariño de Galicia (Intecmar), 36611 Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Fabiola Arévalo
- Instituto Tecnolóxico para o Control do Medio Mariño de Galicia (Intecmar), 36611 Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Jorge Correa
- Instituto Tecnolóxico para o Control do Medio Mariño de Galicia (Intecmar), 36611 Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Juan Pablo Lamas
- Instituto Tecnolóxico para o Control do Medio Mariño de Galicia (Intecmar), 36611 Pontevedra, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Cawthon SMO, Dimise MM, Frazier R. FIRST RECORD OF AEDES JAPONICUS IN ST. TAMMANY PARISH, LOUISIANA. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 2023:496740. [PMID: 37930249 DOI: 10.1111/23-7142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Information of species presence and abundance is useful for taking a targeted approach to controlling populations of medically important and nuisance mosquito species. In April 2023, staff at St. Tammany Parish Mosquito Abatement District (STPMAD), in Slidell, Louisiana, identified Aedes japonicus (Theobald, 1901) mosquitoes from a larval sample brought in from the field for identification. Although invasive Aedes species like Aedes albopictus are commonly found in Louisiana, this is the first record of Ae. japonicus in St. Tammany Parish.
Collapse
|
26
|
Lázaro C, Guzmán JL, Casas F, Sánchez-García C. Factors affecting populations of the endemic Iberian hare (Lepus granatensis) after the first myxomatosis outbreaks in Central Spain. Integr Zool 2023; 18:981-993. [PMID: 36594614 DOI: 10.1111/1749-4877.12703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The Iberian hare (Lepus granatensis) is an endemic species distributed in Spain and Portugal. Myxomatosis outbreaks affecting this species were detected in 2018 in Central and Southern Spain, spreading afterward. Aiming to evaluate factors affecting the status of hare population after the arrival of myxomatosis, we conducted 108 nocturnal hare counts in Central Spain during two study periods (winter/spring and summer/autumn) in 54 different hunting grounds, covering 1071 km and observing 884 individuals. The mean density in winter/spring was 7.66 hares/100 ha, (range 6.14-9.54/100 ha), while in summer/autumn, it was 3.4 hares/100 ha (range 2.6-4.4/100 ha). Densities of hares were not affected by the dominant habitat and the presence/absence of myxomatosis outbreaks. Hares were more abundant at hunting grounds at a higher altitude and in those conducting targeted management, while detection of myxomatosis was related to lower altitude and higher levels of game management. A MaxEnt model used to generate a risk map for myxomatosis occurrence showed that the temperature annual range was the most important predictor, which suggests that environmental factors affecting myxomatosis vectors (mosquitoes, fleas, and ticks) could play a key role in disease transmission. As myxomatosis in hares is becoming endemic, hare densities may be improved by game management and the monitoring and surveillance of this emerging disease. These surveillance programs could be the basis of effective collaborations between hunters, researchers, and environmental managers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Lázaro
- Department of Research, Fundación Artemisan, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | | | - Fabián Casas
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Mayer AE, Ganoe LS, Brown C, Gerber BD. Diel activity structures the occurrence of a mammal community in a human-dominated landscape. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10684. [PMID: 37928195 PMCID: PMC10620569 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthropogenic developments alter the environment and resources available to wildlife communities. In response to these real or perceived threats from this development, species may adjust their spatial occurrence. Additionally, wildlife species may adjust when in diel time (24-h light-dark cycle) they occupy sites on the landscape to adapt to changing conditions. However, many wildlife studies only focus on where a species does and does not occur, ignoring how species may shift their diel activity at sites to mitigate threats. We used a multi-state diel occupancy modeling framework to investigate how a community of mammals (mesocarnivores, urban-adapted omnivores, and herbivore/small mammals) respond to differing levels of anthropogenic development and forest cover across two climatic seasons. We collected camera trap data at 240 survey locations across the summer and winter of 2021-2022. We modeled multi-state diel occupancy for 14 mammal species with extent of development/forest and season hypothesized to influence diel occupancy and season hypothesized to influence the probability of detection. We found that all species displayed heterogeneity in both diel occupancy and detection either by extent of development/forest and or season. Within the mesocarnivore species group, coyote and red fox were less sensitive to development and had higher occupancy probability at these sites in general but used them more during the night, while more sensitive mesocarnivores including fisher and bobcat occupied the day state only when there was increasing forest cover. Our results highlight the importance of incorporating diel activity in habitat modeling to better understand the relationship between a species and its landscape, particularly in a region that is vulnerable to increased anthropogenic pressure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy E. Mayer
- Department of Natural Resources ScienceUniversity of Rhode IslandKingstonRhode IslandUSA
| | - Laken S. Ganoe
- Department of Natural Resources ScienceUniversity of Rhode IslandKingstonRhode IslandUSA
| | - Charles Brown
- Rhode Island Department of Environmental ManagementDivision of Fish and WildlifeWest KingstonRhode IslandUSA
| | - Brian D. Gerber
- Department of Natural Resources ScienceUniversity of Rhode IslandKingstonRhode IslandUSA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Brown RP, Sun H, Jin Y, Meloro C. Habitat-associated Genomic Variation in a Wall Lizard from an Oceanic Island. Genome Biol Evol 2023; 15:evad193. [PMID: 37862140 PMCID: PMC10637050 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evad193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The lizard Teira dugesii exhibits morphological divergence between beach and inland habitats in the face of gene flow, within the volcanic island of Madeira, Portugal. Here, we analyzed genomic data obtained by genotyping-by-sequencing, which provided 16,378 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 94 individuals sampled from 15 sites across Madeira. Ancient within-island divergence in allopatry appears to have mediated divergence in similar species within other Atlantic islands, but this hypothesis was not supported for T. dugesii. Across all samples, a total of 168 SNPs were classified as statistical outliers using pcadapt and OutFLANK. Redundancy analysis (RDA) revealed that 17 of these outliers were associated with beach/inland habitats. The SNPs were located within 16 sequence tags and 15 of these were homologous with sequences in a 31 Mb region on chromosome 3 of a reference wall lizard genome (the remaining tag could not be associated with any chromosome). We further investigated outliers through contingency analyses of allele frequencies at each of four pairs of adjacent beach-inland sites. The majority of the outliers detected by the RDA were confirmed at two pairs of these matched sites. These analyses also suggested some parallel divergence at different localities. Six other outliers were associated with site elevation, four of which were located on chromosome 5 of the reference genome. Our study lends support to a previous hypothesis that divergent selection between gray shingle beaches and inland regions overcomes gene flow and leads to the observed morphological divergence between populations in these adjacent habitats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard P Brown
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Hui Sun
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yuanting Jin
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Carlo Meloro
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Wang S, Liu X, Wu Y, Jiang C, Luo Y, Tang X, Wang R, Zhang X, Gong J. Habitat-based radiomics enhances the ability to predict lymphovascular space invasion in cervical cancer: a multi-center study. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1252074. [PMID: 37954078 PMCID: PMC10637586 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1252074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI) is associated with lymph node metastasis and poor prognosis in cervical cancer. In this study, we investigated the potential of radiomics, derived from magnetic resonance (MR) images using habitat analysis, as a non-invasive surrogate biomarker for predicting LVSI in cervical cancer. Methods This retrospective study included 300 patients with cervical cancer who underwent surgical treatment at two centres (centre 1 = 198 and centre 2 = 102). Using the k-means clustering method, contrast-enhanced T1-weighted imaging (CE-T1WI) images were segmented based on voxel and entropy values, creating sub-regions within the volume ofinterest. Radiomics features were extracted from these sub-regions. Pearson correlation coefficient and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator LASSO) regression methods were used to select features associated with LVSI in cervical cancer. Support vector machine (SVM) model was developed based on the radiomics features extracted from each sub-region in the training cohort. Results The voxels and entropy values of the CE-T1WI images were clustered into three sub-regions. In the training cohort, the AUCs of the SVM models based on radiomics features derived from the whole tumour, habitat 1, habitat 2, and habitat 3 models were 0.805 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.745-0.864), 0.873(95% CI: 0.824-0.922), 0.869 (95% CI: 0.821-0.917), and 0.870 (95% CI: 0.821-0.920), respectively. Compared with whole tumour model, the predictive performances of habitat 3 model was the highest in the external test cohort (0.780 [95% CI: 0.692-0.869]). Conclusions The radiomics model based on the tumour sub-regional habitat demonstrated superior predictive performance for an LVSI in cervical cancer than that of radiomics model derived from the whole tumour.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuxing Wang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaowen Liu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yu Wu
- Department of Radiology, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Changsi Jiang
- Department of Radiology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, China
| | - Yan Luo
- Department of Radiology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, China
| | - Xue Tang
- Department of Radiology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Radiology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaochun Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, China
| | - Jingshan Gong
- Department of Radiology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Storozhenko SY, Molodtsov VV, Sergeev MG. The Mysterious Amurian Grig Paracyphoderris erebeus Storozhenko, 1980 (Orthoptera: Prophalangopsidae): New Data on Its Distribution, Ecology and Biology. Insects 2023; 14:789. [PMID: 37887801 PMCID: PMC10607618 DOI: 10.3390/insects14100789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
New data on distribution, ecology and biology of the rare extant species Paracyphoderris erebeus of the almost completely ancient family Prophalangopsidae (Orthoptera) are given. This montane species prefers humid areas with relatively low summer temperatures. Habits, mating behaviour and life history of P. erebeus are extremely similar to those of the North American representatives of the genus Cyphoderris. Nowadays, the Amurian grig is known from the Myaochan, Badzhalsky, Dusse-Alin, Bureinsky and Aezop ridges in the Khabarovsk Territory (north of the Amur River) and Bydyr Mountain in the Jewish Autonomous Region of Russia only. The analysis of the predicted distribution of P. erebeus based on the occurrence data reveals that the populations of the species may be more widely distributed over the southern part of the Russian Far East, at least up to 56° N. The ecologo-geographic model of the species distribution over its range is generated using the Maxent 3.4.4 software for the first time. Modelling of the P. erebeus distribution for 2021-2040 and 2041-2060 shows that the position of the species range appears to be relatively stable but a weak decline in the foretold suitability during climate warming may result in a reduction in population sizes and the subsequent fragmentation of the species population system. In this case, the Amurian grig will become a prospective to be included on the IUCN Red List.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Yu. Storozhenko
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 159 Avenue of the 100th Anniversary of Vladivostok, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Vladimir V. Molodtsov
- Department of General Biology and Ecology, Novosibirsk State University, 1 Pirogova Street, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (V.V.M.); (M.G.S.)
- Laboratory of Biogeomodelling and Ecoinformatics, Novosibirsk State University, 1 Pirogova Street, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Michael G. Sergeev
- Department of General Biology and Ecology, Novosibirsk State University, 1 Pirogova Street, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (V.V.M.); (M.G.S.)
- Laboratory of Biogeomodelling and Ecoinformatics, Novosibirsk State University, 1 Pirogova Street, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Laboratory of Invertebrate Ecology, Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 11 Frunze Street, 630091 Novosibirsk, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Hou S, Tian C, Meng J, Liu C, Yao Z. The Impact of Urbanization on the Distribution of Spontaneous Herbaceous Plants in an Ancient City: A Pilot Case Study in Jingzhou, China. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:3353. [PMID: 37836093 PMCID: PMC10574480 DOI: 10.3390/plants12193353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Spontaneous herbaceous plants (SHPs) play an essential role in urban biodiversity. Research on the diversity of SHPs has profound implications for the conservation of urban biodiversity and green space management in the process of urbanization. We investigated the habitat, life form, and growth form of SHPs by combining samples and inspections in Jingzhou, in central southern China. Additionally, we chose three typical regions-Ji'nan, Gucheng, and Shashi-for the examination and comparison of biodiversity. The results showed that diverse habitats provided abundant living space for SHPs of different growth forms and life forms in Jingzhou. Water edges with higher humidity do not significantly support more SHP growth forms and life forms, except for pseudo-rosette, partial-rosette, and perennial plants. In addition, both wasteland and road gaps and slopes support significantly more SHP growth forms, including erect, tussock, and others. Wasteland supported the vast majority of species, both growth forms and life forms. In the diverse habitats, there are 352 plant species belonging to 70 families and 236 genera in Jingzhou (Ji'nan 184 species, Gucheng 157 species, and Shashi 127 species). Plant species diversity differed according to the level of management. The Ji'nan region had a large number of SHP species because of the less disruptive and milder management implemented in this region. SHPs show good performance and can provide wild landscape effects; therefore, they have the potential to be used in many urban landscaping applications. In the process of urbanization expansion, we should implement the concept of protection and coordinated development in new construction areas. Our study has important implications for the support of SHPs in urban areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Zhen Yao
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China; (S.H.); (C.T.); (J.M.); (C.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Chomphuphuang N, Sippawat Z, Sriranan P, Piyatrakulchai P, Songsangchote C. A new electric-blue tarantula species of the genus Chilobrachys Karsh, 1892 from Thailand (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Theraphosidae). Zookeys 2023; 1180:105-128. [PMID: 37767521 PMCID: PMC10520723 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1180.106278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The enchanting phenomenon of blue coloration in animals arises from the fact that blue is one of the rarest colors found in nature, and it is a structural color that is produced by the arrangement of biological photonic nanostructures, rather than pigments. This unique coloration has evolved independently in many different species, adding to the fascination and diversity of coloration patterns in the animal kingdom. This study describes a new species of Chilobrachys Karsch, 1892 from southern Thailand that exhibits a blue-violet hue resembling the color of electrical sparks. Photographic illustrations, a morphological description, and the natural habitat of the new species are given. The diagnosis, palpal-bulb structures, spermathecae, and stridulatory organ morphology of related species are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Narin Chomphuphuang
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Zongtum Sippawat
- 160 village no. 7, Mae Tho, Mueang Tak district, Tak province, Thailand
| | - Patipan Sriranan
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Paveen Piyatrakulchai
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Chaowalit Songsangchote
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Kwanboon S, Boonsoong B, Suttinun C. Taxonomic review of the Oriental genus Polyplocia Lestage, 1921 (Ephemeroptera, Euthyplociidae), with two new records for Thailand. Zookeys 2023; 1179:197-217. [PMID: 37731534 PMCID: PMC10507445 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1179.107312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Previously, the euthyplociid mayfly from Thailand was reported as Polyplocia spp. without designation to any nominal species. In this study, the genus Polyplocia Lestage, 1921 in Thailand was reviewed. Two species are recognized: Polyplociaorientalis Nguyen & Bae, 2003 and P.nebulosa Gonçalves & Peters, 2016. This is the first report of P.nebulosa in Continental Asia. Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) data and illustrations based on nymphal characters were used to confirm two different species in Thailand. Additional morphological characteristics of the nymph and eggs of the two species from Thailand are also shown in detail. The taxonomic status of Polyplocia in the Oriental region is reviewed. Keys to known nymphal and imaginal stages are provided and the distribution of Polyplocia in the Oriental region is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sedtawut Kwanboon
- Animal Systematics and Ecology Speciality Research Unit (ASESRU), Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Boonsatien Boonsoong
- Animal Systematics and Ecology Speciality Research Unit (ASESRU), Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
- Biodiversity Center Kasetsart University (BDCKU), Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Chanaporn Suttinun
- Department of Veterinary Bioscience and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Zhu J, Geng Z, Zhu J, Richard K. Reproductive Biology and Distribution of the Blue Shark ( Prionace glauca) in the Western Indian Ocean. Biology (Basel) 2023; 12:1128. [PMID: 37627012 PMCID: PMC10452727 DOI: 10.3390/biology12081128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Due to the limited biological research on the blue shark in the Indian Ocean, such as the lack of a clear understanding of its reproductive biology and distribution, our study analyzed and evaluated the fork length distribution, sexual maturity length, reproductive capacity, and spatiotemporal distribution of blue sharks based on biological data and capture location information collected in the western Indian Ocean from 2010 to 2020. The objective of this study is to provide reliable biological information important in performing future stock assessments vital for species conservation in this region. A total of 791 male (33-249.5 cm FL) and 803 female (12-349.6 cm FL) blue sharks were collected in the West Indian Ocean. We used the morphology of the sexual organs to ascertain their sexual maturity. Results show that the observed size at 50% sexual maturity of male blue sharks in the West Indian Ocean was 161.4cm FL (192.4 cm TL) for males and 179.3 cm FL (213.9 cm TL) for females based on logistic curve analysis. The average litter size of pregnant blue sharks was 33.7 pups. There were significant differences in the distribution of blue shark individuals with different sexual maturity levels in different quarters (p < 0.05). This study suggests that the area near the equator in the Indian Ocean from October to March of the following year may be the mating ground for blue sharks, while the temperate waters in the Indian Ocean are the nursery ground and parturition ground for pregnant and juvenile throughout the whole year. Therefore, it is recommended to adopt a more scientific and reasonable operational method in these areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jizhang Zhu
- College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (J.Z.); (Z.G.)
| | - Zhe Geng
- College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (J.Z.); (Z.G.)
| | - Jiangfeng Zhu
- College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (J.Z.); (Z.G.)
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Exploitation of Oceanic Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201306, China
- Key Laboratory of Oceanic Fisheries Exploration, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai 201306, China
- National Engineering Research Centre for Oceanic Fisheries, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Kindong Richard
- College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (J.Z.); (Z.G.)
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Exploitation of Oceanic Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201306, China
- Key Laboratory of Oceanic Fisheries Exploration, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai 201306, China
- National Engineering Research Centre for Oceanic Fisheries, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Bradley HS, Craig MD, Tomlinson S, Cross AT, Bamford MJ, Bateman PW. Ecological Considerations When Designing Mitigation Translocations: An Australian Reptile Case Study. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2594. [PMID: 37627385 PMCID: PMC10451732 DOI: 10.3390/ani13162594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Translocation science has made considerable progress over the last two decades; however, reptile translocations still frequently fail around the world. Major knowledge gaps surround the basic ecology of reptile species, including basic factors such as habitat preference, which have a critical influence on translocation success. The western spiny-tailed skink (Egernia stokesii badia) is used here as a case study to exemplify how empirical research can directly inform on-ground management and future translocation planning. A combination of studies, including LiDAR scanning of microhabitat structures, camera trapping, plasticine replica model experiments and unbounded point count surveys to assess predation risk, and visual and DNA analysis of dietary requirements, were all used to better understand the ecological requirements of E. s. badia. We found that the skinks have specific log pile requirements, both native and non-native predator management requirements, and a largely herbivorous, broad diet, which all influence translocation site selection and management planning. The use of E. s. badia as an Australian case study provides a clear strategic framework for the targeted research of meaningful ecological factors that influence translocation decision-making. Similar approaches applied to other reptile species are likely to fundamentally increase the capacity for effective management, and the likelihood of future successful translocations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Holly S. Bradley
- ARC Centre for Mine Site Restoration, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Michael D. Craig
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia (M.J.B.)
- School of Environmental and Conservation Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Sean Tomlinson
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, Perth, WA 6102, Australia (A.T.C.)
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Adam T. Cross
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, Perth, WA 6102, Australia (A.T.C.)
- Ecological Health Network, 1330 Beacon St, Suite 355a, Brookline, MA 02446, USA
| | - Michael J. Bamford
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia (M.J.B.)
- Bamford Consulting Ecologists, 23 Plover Way, Kingsley, WA 6026, Australia
| | - Philip W. Bateman
- Behavioural Ecology Laboratory, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Sun S, Hong Y, Guo J, Zhang N, Zhang M. Landscape Dynamics and Ecological Risk Assessment of Cold Temperate Forest Moose Habitat in the Great Khingan Mountains, China. Biology (Basel) 2023; 12:1122. [PMID: 37627006 PMCID: PMC10451888 DOI: 10.3390/biology12081122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
The change in habitat pattern is one of the key factors affecting the survival of the moose population. The study of the habitat landscape pattern is the key to protecting the Chinese cold-temperate forest moose population and monitoring the global distribution of moose. Through the ecological risk assessment of the moose habitat landscape pattern in a cold-temperate forest, we hope to assess the strength of habitat resistance under stress factors. This study provides a theoretical basis for the protection of the moose population in the cold-temperate forest in China and the establishment of the cold-temperate forest national park. In the study, the MaxEnt model, landscape index calculation and ecological risk assessment model construction were used to analyze the field survey and infrared camera monitoring data from April 2014 to January 2023. The habitat suitability layer of the moose population in the Nanwenghe National Nature Reserve of the Great Khingan Mountains was calculated, and the range of the moose habitat was divided based on the logical threshold of the model. The landscape pattern index of the moose habitat was calculated by Fragstats software and a landscape ecological risk assessment model was established to analyze the landscape pattern and ecological risk dynamic changes of the moose habitat in 2015 and 2020. The results showed that under the premise of global warming, the habitat landscape contagion index decreased by 4.53 and the split index increased by 4.86 from 2015 to 2020. In terms of ecological risk: the area of low ecological risk areas increased by 0.88%; the area of medium ecological risk areas decreased by 1.11%; and the area of high ecological risk areas increased by 0.23%. The fragmentation risk of the landscape pattern of the moose habitat tends to increase, the preferred patch type is dispersed, the degree of aggregation is low, and the risk of patch type transformation increases. The middle and high ecological risk areas are mainly concentrated in the river area and its nearby forests, showing a fine and scattered distribution. Under the interference of global warming and human activities, the fragmentation trend of the moose habitat in the study area is increasing, and the habitat quality is declining, which is likely to cause moose population migration. For this reason, the author believes that the whole cold temperate forest is likely to face the risk of increasing the transformation trend of dominant patch types in the cold-temperate coniferous forest region mainly caused by global warming, resulting in an increase in the risk of habitat fragmentation. While the distribution range of moose is reduced, it has a significant impact on the diversity and ecological integrity of the whole cold-temperate forest ecosystem. This study provides theoretical references for further research on the impact of climate warming on global species distribution and related studies. It is also helpful for humans to strengthen their protection awareness of forest and river areas and formulate reasonable protection and sustainable development planning of cold-temperate forests. Finally, it provides theoretical references for effective monitoring and protection of cold-temperate forests and moose population dynamics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiquan Sun
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (S.S.); (Y.H.); (J.G.); (N.Z.)
- Feline Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Yang Hong
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (S.S.); (Y.H.); (J.G.); (N.Z.)
- Feline Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Jinhao Guo
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (S.S.); (Y.H.); (J.G.); (N.Z.)
- Feline Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (S.S.); (Y.H.); (J.G.); (N.Z.)
- Feline Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Minghai Zhang
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (S.S.); (Y.H.); (J.G.); (N.Z.)
- Feline Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Harbin 150040, China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Lacoeuilhe A, Percevault L, Ichter J, Gourdain P, Herard K, Michaud H, Poncet L, Ramage T, Roquinarc'h O, Withers P. All taxa biodiversity inventory of the Bois de Bouis estate (Var, France): a 10-year public-private partnership. Biodivers Data J 2023; 11:e103280. [PMID: 37600598 PMCID: PMC10436063 DOI: 10.3897/bdj.11.e103280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This data paper describes the results of a 10-year scientific investigation of a biodiversity-rich private golf estate in south-eastern France in partnership with PatriNat (Office français de la biodiversité/Centre national de la recherche scientifique/Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement). In total, 3,160 species and subspecies, including 1,796 arthropods and 1,049 flora, were inventoried and 65 habitat types were surveyed and mapped. This project is the first All taxa biodiversity inventory (ATBI) in a private property in France with all information available in open data. New information The 20 datasets of fauna, flora, lichens and habitat types from the Bois de Bouis estate are now publicly available. Between 2012 and 2022, more than 22,000 occurrences were recorded, checked and published in the INPN information system. All this information is available in open access in the French portal OpenObs, operated by PatriNat and in the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF). This data paper provides an overview of the project, its main results and its contribution to the French National Inventory of Natural Heritage (INPN).This data paper presents a list eight species never previously recorded to France; three Hymenoptera: Charitopesleucobasis Townes, 1983 (Ichneumonidae), Dryinustussaci Olmi, 1989 (Dryinidae) and Sparasionmunitus Kozlov & Kononova, 1990 (Sparasionidae) and five Diptera: Clusiodesapicalis (Zetterstedt, 1848) (Clusiidae), Dicraeusvagans (Meigen, 1838) (Chloropidae), Stilponintermedius Raffone, 1994, Stilponsubnubilus Chvala, 1988 and Tachydromiaundulata (Strobl, 1906) (Hybotidae).It also includes a table comparing the project to 18 All-taxa biodiversity inventories in France and Belgium and published for the first time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Lacoeuilhe
- PatriNat (OFB/MNHN/CNRS/IRD), Paris, FrancePatriNat (OFB/MNHN/CNRS/IRD)ParisFrance
| | - Louise Percevault
- PatriNat (OFB/MNHN/CNRS/IRD), Paris, FrancePatriNat (OFB/MNHN/CNRS/IRD)ParisFrance
| | - Jean Ichter
- Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, FranceMuséum national d'Histoire naturelleParisFrance
| | - Philippe Gourdain
- PatriNat (OFB/MNHN/CNRS/IRD), Paris, FrancePatriNat (OFB/MNHN/CNRS/IRD)ParisFrance
| | - Katia Herard
- PatriNat (OFB/MNHN/CNRS/IRD), Paris, FrancePatriNat (OFB/MNHN/CNRS/IRD)ParisFrance
| | - Henri Michaud
- Conservatoire Botanique National Méditerranéen de Porquerolles, Hyères, FranceConservatoire Botanique National Méditerranéen de PorquerollesHyèresFrance
| | - Laurent Poncet
- PatriNat (OFB/MNHN/CNRS/IRD), Paris, FrancePatriNat (OFB/MNHN/CNRS/IRD)ParisFrance
| | - Thibault Ramage
- Unaffiliated, Concarneau, FranceUnaffiliatedConcarneauFrance
| | - Océane Roquinarc'h
- PatriNat (OFB/MNHN/CNRS/IRD), Paris, FrancePatriNat (OFB/MNHN/CNRS/IRD)ParisFrance
| | - Phil Withers
- Unaffiliated, Sainte Euphémie, FranceUnaffiliatedSainte EuphémieFrance
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Carrasco PA, Prystupczuk L, Koch C, González GA, Leynaud GC, Grazziotin FG. Patterns of morphological variation and ecological correlates in the skull of vipers (Serpentes: Viperidae). J Morphol 2023; 284:e21617. [PMID: 37458083 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.21617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
The skull of vipers is a highly kinetic anatomical structure involved in envenomating and consuming of prey. Morphological knowledge about the viperid skull is based on studies on some groups of species, but information on its variation within the whole family and its functional morphology is still scarce. In this study, we aimed to explore variation in skull morphology among species of the three subfamilies of Viperidae, and test whether that variation correlates with macrohabitat and diet. We performed quantitative analyses of the viperid skull based on broad taxonomic sampling and two methodological approaches: linear and geometric morphometrics. The results of both approaches showed that much of the variation lies in differences of shape and relative size of the premaxilla, the nasals, the frontals, and the parietals. The results indicated that phylogeny and size influence the shape of the skull, but we also found evidence of morphological differentiation between arboreal and terrestrial species and in species with mammal specialist diet. Our findings imply that, besides evolutionary allometry and phylogenetic signal, demands of particular diets coupled with use of certain habitats have in part shaped morphological evolution of the viperid skull.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paola A Carrasco
- Centro de Zoología Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, (IDEA-CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Lilen Prystupczuk
- Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, (IDEA-CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Claudia Koch
- Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change, Museum Koenig, Bonn, Germany
| | - Germán A González
- Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, (IDEA-CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Gerardo C Leynaud
- Centro de Zoología Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, (IDEA-CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Felipe G Grazziotin
- Laboratório de Coleções Zoológicas, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Hamer AJ, Czeglédi I, Gál B, Sály P, Szalóky Z, Preiszner B, Erős T. Hydrology is a major influence on amphibian abundance in a large European floodplain. Freshw Biol 2023; 68:1303-1318. [PMID: 38516301 PMCID: PMC10952816 DOI: 10.1111/fwb.14104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
River-floodplain ecosystems play a crucial role in connecting landscape patches through hydrological connectivity, but they are among the most threatened ecosystems. Floodplains provide important habitat for amphibians by connecting aquatic and terrestrial habitats. Modifications to floodplain hydrology can impact amphibian communities, yet few studies have examined amphibian metacommunities in floodplain wetlands.In this study, we assessed patterns in amphibian breeding abundance in one of the largest floodplains of the Danube River, Hungary, relative to hydrological connectivity and multi-scale variables at 30 waterbody sites. Our aim was to determine whether these patterns aligned with the pond-permanence gradient hypothesis, where breeding amphibian abundance is predicted to be highest in ephemeral ponds without large predatory fish. We used Bayesian hierarchical modelling to estimate multi-species abundance from repeated survey (count) data collected over one breeding season.We detected the eggs and larvae of four amphibian species. The best model of abundance included covariates describing two principal component axes associated with waterbody hydrology and landscape composition within a 500-m radius of a site. There was a positive relationship between mean community abundance at a site and hydrological disconnection from the main river channel; however, the common toad (Bufo bufo) was associated with hydrologically connected waterbodies. There was a positive relationship between mean community abundance and a high proportion of forest cover and low cover of agricultural land within a 500-m radius around a site, although this relationship was clear for only two species. There was no support for models containing the number of large predatory fish species detected at a site.Although our results showed that amphibian abundance declined with hydrological connectivity, based on model selection we could not ascribe this relationship to an increased number of large predatory fish species detected in waterbodies close to the main river channel. Differences in life history and habitat requirements are likely to have explained interspecific responses to hydrological connectivity. Our results underscore the importance of addressing amphibian abundance at multiple spatial scales in floodplain wetlands, as landscape composition partly explained patterns in abundance.Application of multi-species abundance modelling allowed us to investigate environmental relationships for common and infrequently detected species. Habitat restoration programmes in floodplains should provide waterbodies disconnected from main river channels as potential amphibian breeding sites and protect or restore forest as terrestrial habitat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Hamer
- Balaton Limnological Research InstituteEötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH)TihanyHungary
- Institute of Aquatic Ecology, Centre for Ecological ResearchBudapestHungary
| | - István Czeglédi
- Balaton Limnological Research InstituteEötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH)TihanyHungary
- National Laboratory for Water Science and Water SecurityBalaton Limnological Research InstituteTihanyHungary
| | - Blanka Gál
- Balaton Limnological Research InstituteEötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH)TihanyHungary
- National Laboratory for Water Science and Water SecurityBalaton Limnological Research InstituteTihanyHungary
| | - Péter Sály
- Institute of Aquatic Ecology, Centre for Ecological ResearchBudapestHungary
- National Laboratory for Water Science and Water SecurityWater Ecological InstituteBudapestHungary
| | - Zoltán Szalóky
- Institute of Aquatic Ecology, Centre for Ecological ResearchBudapestHungary
- National Laboratory for Water Science and Water SecurityWater Ecological InstituteBudapestHungary
| | - Bálint Preiszner
- Balaton Limnological Research InstituteEötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH)TihanyHungary
- National Laboratory for Water Science and Water SecurityBalaton Limnological Research InstituteTihanyHungary
| | - Tibor Erős
- Balaton Limnological Research InstituteEötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH)TihanyHungary
- National Laboratory for Water Science and Water SecurityBalaton Limnological Research InstituteTihanyHungary
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Amiraslani F. You Are Not Welcome! A Media Analysis of Risk Factors, Prevalence and Management of Free-Roaming Dogs in Iran. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2347. [PMID: 37508123 PMCID: PMC10376389 DOI: 10.3390/ani13142347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
History has witnessed a long-term relationship between humans and animals. Historical documents and modern findings prove that humans' needs to use animals for companions or services are commonplace in many parts of the world, leading to the domestication of certain animals. Yet, modern societies have degraded many natural habitats for wildlife, confining them to small patches of landscapes or urban areas. Whether a domesticated/free-roaming animal or a wild species, their close contact with humans can create cumbersome situations for both species. This paper explores a link between online media content and on-the-ground efforts to manage free-roaming dogs as a rare case study. As indicated by news articles, the municipal costs of managing free-roaming dogs in Iranian cities have increased, and this can potentially derail the control of such dogs in the long run. This paper lays out pivotal factors for recent increasing human-animal encounters, which have led to many challenges (e.g., rabies) across cities in Iran. We show that some urban features (e.g., topography) can influence the presence and behaviours of free-roaming animals in the cities. The findings of this paper can be related to other developing countries where the plague of rabies is rising.
Collapse
|
41
|
Al Mutairi M, Alqahtani AR, Mir ZR, Ahmad R, Alsubaie S, Smith M. A new distribution record of Arnold's Gecko, Pristurusminimus (Arnold, 1977) (Squamata, Sphaerodactylidae), in Saudi Arabia. Biodivers Data J 2023; 11:e101647. [PMID: 37496975 PMCID: PMC10366671 DOI: 10.3897/bdj.11.e101647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Reptiles are considered an important element of Saudi Arabia's wildlife to be conserved as a priority. However, the status and distribution of the Kingdom's reptile fauna is not well understood, thus hindering the conservation initiatives. Better understanding of the taxonomy and distribution of the Kingdom's reptile fauna is important for implementing effective conservation measures. Here, we provide the new distribution record of Pristurusminimus (Arnold, 1977; common name, Arnold's Gecko) from southern Saudi Arabia. The species was recorded from the Uruq Bani Ma'arid Protected Area (UBM) of southern Saudi Arabia. Four individuals were captured from different survey sites across the UBM and their species identification was confirmed through a mixture of physical and genetic examination. These results increase the number of species from the Pristurus genus to five for Saudi Arabia and improve the understanding of the Kingdom's reptile fauna and its distribution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Al Mutairi
- National Centre for Wildlife, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaNational Centre for WildlifeRiyadhSaudi Arabia
| | | | - Zaffar Rais Mir
- National Centre for Wildlife, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaNational Centre for WildlifeRiyadhSaudi Arabia
| | - Riyaz Ahmad
- National Centre for Wildlife, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaNational Centre for WildlifeRiyadhSaudi Arabia
| | - Saad Alsubaie
- National Centre for Wildlife, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaNational Centre for WildlifeRiyadhSaudi Arabia
| | - Michael Smith
- National Centre for Wildlife, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaNational Centre for WildlifeRiyadhSaudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Kim H, Hong JS, Yun PY, Hwang KG, Kim KS, Lee HJ, Park KU. Exploration of the interplay between spatially distinct microbial habitats through comparative analysis. J Oral Microbiol 2023; 15:2229693. [PMID: 37396300 PMCID: PMC10308874 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2023.2229693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives The oral microbiome is closely associated with systemic diseases, indicating the presence of bacteremia and inflammatory mediators in the systemic circulation. Our research aims to investigate the relationship between the oral microbiome and other microbial habitats. Methods We analyzed 180 specimens from 36 patients, including saliva, buccal swab, plaque, stool, and blood samples from a healthy group (Non_PD, n = 18) and a periodontitis group (PD, n = 18). The final analysis included 147 specimens, with varying sample sizes for each group. Metagenomic analysis was performed using prokaryotic 16S rRNA on the MiSeq platform (Illumina). Results PD saliva showed significant richness differences (P's < 0.05), similar to plaque. Buccal swabs had slight variations. Microbial network analysis revealed altered microbial interactions in the PD group, with decreased interactions in saliva and buccal swabs, and increased interactions in plaque. In our analysis of nine specimens where all paired habitat samples could be analyzed, microorganisms linked to oral periodontitis were found in sterile blood samples, resembling the oral cavity's composition. Conclusions Microbiome differences should consider overall microbial-environment interactions, alongside diversity and richness. Our data cautiously suggest that disease-related changes in the salivary microbiome may be reflected in blood specimens through the oral-blood axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyunji Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital and Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Sil Hong
- Department of Periodontology, Section of Dentistry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Pil-Young Yun
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Section of Dentistry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
- Department of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Gyun Hwang
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Dentistry, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun-Suh Kim
- Department of Periodontology, Section of Dentistry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Jung Lee
- Department of Periodontology, Section of Dentistry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Un Park
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital and Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Briffa M, Archer R. Size specific boldness associated with differences in resource requirements and habitat use: a cross-sectional study in hermit crabs. Curr Zool 2023; 69:360-366. [PMID: 37351298 PMCID: PMC10284036 DOI: 10.1093/cz/zoac049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal personality is often studied within compressed periods of observation that represent narrow windows in comparison to animal lifespans. Although much is known about the relations between repeatable personality traits and cross-situational behavioral plasticity, less is known about how such traits might differ across age classes or life history transitions. We conducted a cross-sectional study of startle response duration in 3 size classes of Pagurus bernhardus, the common European hermit crab. We defined size classes using transitions in the preferred species of gastropod shells that accompany growth, and this change in preference is in turn associated with a transition from intertidal to subtidal habitats. Compared with small- and medium-sized intertidal individuals the larger subtidal hermit crabs behaved cautiously by showing startle responses of greater duration following disturbance. Startle responses were also repeatable within all 3 size classes, confirming the presence of animal personality in intertidal hermit crabs and demonstrating that this pattern is retained within the largest size classes, which have undergone the transition from intertidal to subtidal habitat. Interestingly, there was a trend for the pattern of repeatable startle response durations to increase with size class, with the highest value for repeatability and the greatest range of startle response durations being present within the large subtidal population. The greater range of startle responses indicates that the longer startle response durations in some larger individuals are more likely due to developmental changes with age and habitat use than reflecting selection against the boldest individuals during earlier stages of life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Briffa
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Rose Archer
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Abate D, Girma Z. Population structure and distribution of geladas ( Theropithicus gelada, Ruppell 1835) in Kotu forest, Northern Ethiopia. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10206. [PMID: 37396027 PMCID: PMC10307796 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Endemic gelada populations outside protected areas are less investigated, and population census data are not available. As a result, a study was conducted to investigate the population size, structure, and distribution of geladas in Kotu forest and associated grasslands, in northern Ethiopia. The study area was stratified into five dominant habitat types namely, grassland, wooded grassland, plantation forest, natural forest, and bushland based on dominant vegetation type. Each habitat type was further divided into blocks, and a total counting technique was used to count the individuals of gelada. The total mean population size of gelada in Kotu forest was 229 ± 6.11. The mean ratio of male to female was 1:1.178. The gelada age composition comprised is as follows: 113 (49.34%) adults, 77 (33.62%) sub-adults, and 39 (17.03%) juveniles. The mean number of group one-male unit ranged from 1.5 ± 0.2 in the plantation forest to 4.5 ± 0.7 in the grassland habitat. On the other hand, all-male unit social system group was recorded only from grassland (1.5) and plantation forest (1) habitats. The average band size (number of individuals per band) was 45.0 ± 2.53. The largest number of geladas was recorded from grassland habitat 68 (29.87%), and the lowest was recorded from plantation forest habitat 34 (14.74%). Even though, the sex ratio was female biased, the proportion of juveniles to other age classes was very low compared with geladas in relatively well-protected areas, indicating negative consequences for the future viability of the gelada populations in the area. Geladas were widely distributed over open grassland habitat. Therefore, for sustainable conservation of the geladas in the area, there is a need for integrated management of the area with special attention on the conservation of the grassland habitat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Degu Abate
- Department of Natural Resource ManagementMekdela Amba UniversityTuluawliyaEthiopia
| | - Zerihun Girma
- Wondo Genet College of Forestry and Natural ResourceHawassa UniversityWondo GentEthiopia
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Freeman SL, Luff KM, Gurney KEB. Good neighbors? Does aggregation of nests in an Arctic-breeding shorebird influence daily survival rates? Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10137. [PMID: 37361900 PMCID: PMC10284808 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Our current understanding of the factors that influence where birds nest is incomplete, yet such information is important for accurate demographic assessments. To address questions related to spatial distributions of shorebird nests and to evaluate factors that may affect nest distribution in these species, during 2017 and 2019, we studied a small population of semipalmated sandpiper Calidris pusilla breeding in the Central Canadian Arctic, near the Karrak Lake Research Station, in Nunavut. The spatial distribution of semipalmated sandpiper nests at this site suggested loose aggregation, with median nearest neighbor distances of 73.8 m and 92.0 m in 2017 and 2019, respectively, while no nests were detected on mainland areas in the vicinity. Evidence for the influence of nesting distribution on the daily survival rate of nests, however, was mixed. Neither nearest neighbor distance nor local nest density had a significant effect on daily nest survival in 2017, but in 2019, the best approximating model included an effect of local nest density, which indicated that nests in areas of high density had reduced survival rates. Contrary to other studies assessing settlement and nest site selection in semipalmated sandpipers, the spatial distribution of nests in this population demonstrates aggregation in an otherwise territorial species, but suggests that aggregated nesting can impose a cost on nest survival under certain conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Katelyn M. Luff
- Water Security Agency, Ecological and Habitat AssessmentSaskatoonSaskatchewanCanada
- Department of BiologyUniversity of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSaskatchewanCanada
| | - Kirsty E. B. Gurney
- Department of BiologyUniversity of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSaskatchewanCanada
- Science & Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC)SaskatoonSaskatchewanCanada
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Shepard WD, Barr CB. A revision of the Chilean water penny genus Tychepsephus Waterhouse, 1876 (Coleoptera, Psephenidae, Eubriinae), with description of a second species and two larval morphotypes, and notes on other Chilean Psephenidae. Zookeys 2023; 1164:23-61. [PMID: 37273973 PMCID: PMC10238915 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1164.103184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Chilean water penny genus Tychepsephus Waterhouse, 1876 is revised, with descriptions and photographic illustrations of life stages including two larval morphotypes, the pupa of one morphotype, and adults of two species. The pupa of Tychepsephus has not been reported previously. Tychepsephuscekalovicisp. nov. is described, and Ectopria (Chilectopria) grandis Pic, 1947, syn. nov. is proposed as a new synonym of Tychepsephusfelix Waterhouse, 1876, which is redescribed. Taxonomic treatment of the adults of both species includes images of the habitus of males and females, morphological variation, and male and female genitalia. Males and females are sexually dimorphic. Information on the habitat of Tychepsephus is provided and illustrated with photographs, and the known geographic distribution of the two species is mapped. The occurrence of Tychepsephus in Argentina is reported; therefore, the genus no longer can be considered endemic to Chile. The taxonomic status and geographic distribution in South America of other species of Psephenidae, particularly members of the subfamily Eubriinae, is reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William D. Shepard
- Essig Museum of Entomology, University of California, 1101 Valley Life Sciences Bldg., Berkeley, CA 94720, USAUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyUnited States of America
| | - Cheryl B. Barr
- Essig Museum of Entomology, University of California, 1101 Valley Life Sciences Bldg., Berkeley, CA 94720, USAUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyUnited States of America
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Van Moorter B, Kivimäki I, Panzacchi M, Saura S, Brandão Niebuhr B, Strand O, Saerens M. Habitat functionality: Integrating environmental and geographic space in niche modeling for conservation planning. Ecology 2023:e4105. [PMID: 37212446 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.4105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Niche modeling is typically used to assess the effects of anthropogenic land use and climate change on species distributions and to inform spatial conservation planning. These models focus on the suitability of local biotic and abiotic conditions for a species in environmental space (E-space). Although movements also affect species occurrence, efforts to formally integrate geographic space (G-space) into niche modeling have been hindered by the lack of comprehensive theoretical frameworks. We propose the 'functional habitat' framework to define areas that are simultaneously of high-quality in E-space, and functionally connected to other suitable habitat in G-space. Originating in metapopulation ecology, approaches have been developed to assess the amount of suitable connected habitat, based on the proximity between pairs of locations. Using network theory, which operates in topological space (T-space, defined by a network), we extended these metapopulation approaches to integrate movement constraints in G-space with niche modeling in E-space. We demonstrate the functional habitat framework using empirical data (GPS-tracking and population monitoring) throughout the European wild mountain reindeer (Rangifer t. tarandus) distribution range. We show that functional habitat outperforms traditional suitability in explaining the species' distribution. This approach integrates effects from habitat loss and fragmentation for spatial conservation planning, and avoids overemphasizing small, inaccessible areas with locally suitable habitat. The functional habitat framework formally integrates biotic, abiotic, and movement constraints in niche modeling using network theory, thus opening for a wide range of applications in spatial conservation planning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ilkka Kivimäki
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Santiago Saura
- ETSI Montes, Forestal y del Medio Natural, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Olav Strand
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Marco Saerens
- ICTEAM, Université catholique de Louvain, Place de l'Université 1, Ottignies-Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Cavallini L, Peterson RKD, Weaver DK. Cowpea extrafloral nectar has potential to provide ecosystem services lost in agricultural intensification and support native parasitoids that suppress the wheat stem sawfly. J Econ Entomol 2023:7161738. [PMID: 37178180 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toad083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The native parasitoids Bracon cephi (Gahan) and B. lissogaster Muesebeck (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) reduce populations of Cephus cinctus Norton (Hymenoptera: Cephidae), a native grassland species, and major wheat pest on the Northern Great Plains of North America. Non-host feeding adults of these braconids increase longevity, egg load, and egg volume when provisioned carbohydrate-rich diets. Nutrition from nectar can enhance the success of natural enemies in pest management programs. Cowpea, Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walpers, is a potential cover-crop that could add resilient features to the landscape and has extrafloral nectaries (EFN), easy-access nectar sources for beneficial insects. If more cowpea was grown on the Northern Great Plains, would B. cephi and B. lissogaster benefit from foraging on putatively beneficial EFN? We investigated cowpea inflorescence stalk extrafloral nectars (IS-EFN) and leaf stipel extrafloral nectars (LS-EFN) as potential food sources for these parasitoids. Females were caged on EFN sources on living cowpea plants to assess longevity. Egg load and volume were measured at 2, 5, and 10 days after placement. Bracon cephi survived 10 days on water, 38 days on IS-EFN; B. lissogaster 6 days on water, 28 days on IS-EFN. Bracon lissogaster maintained a constant egg load and volume across treatments while B. cephi produced 2.1-fold more eggs that were 1.6-fold larger on IS-EFN. Y-tube olfactometry indicated adult females were attracted to airstreams containing cowpea volatiles. These results demonstrate that non-native, warm-season cowpea benefits these native parasitoids and may improve conservation biocontrol of C. cinctus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laissa Cavallini
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Robert K D Peterson
- Department of Land Resources and Environmental Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
| | - David K Weaver
- Department of Land Resources and Environmental Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Gratton EM, McNeil DJ, Grozinger CM, Hines HM. Local habitat type influences bumble bee pathogen loads and bee species distributions. Environ Entomol 2023:7150786. [PMID: 37133965 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvad027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Bumble bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae, Bombus Latreille) perform important ecological services in both managed and natural ecosystems. Anthropogenically induced change has altered floral resources, climate, and insecticide exposure, factors that impact health and disease levels in these bees. Habitat management presents a solution for improving bee health and biodiversity, but this requires better understanding of how different pathogens and bee species respond to habitat conditions. We take advantage of the washboard of repeated ridges (forested) and valleys (mostly developed) in central Pennsylvania to examine whether local variation in habitat type and other landscape factors influence bumble bee community composition and levels of 4 leading pathogens in the common eastern bumble bee, Bombus impatiens Cresson. Loads of viruses (DWV and BQCV) were found to be lowest in forest habitats, whereas loads of a gut parasite, Crithidia bombi, were highest in forests. Ridgetop forests hosted the most diverse bumble bee communities, including several habitat specialists. B. impatiens was most abundant in valleys, and showed higher incidence in areas of greater disturbance, including more developed, unforested, and lower floral resource sites, a pattern which mirrors its success in the face of anthropogenic change. Additionally, DNA barcoding revealed that B. sandersoni is much more common than is apparent from databases. Our results provide evidence that habitat type can play a large role in pathogen load dynamics, but in ways that differ by pathogen type, and point to a need for consideration of habitat at both macro-ecological and local spatial scales.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena M Gratton
- Department of Entomology, Center for Pollinator Research, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Darin J McNeil
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Christina M Grozinger
- Department of Entomology, Center for Pollinator Research, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Heather M Hines
- Department of Entomology, Center for Pollinator Research, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Jansson S, Brydegaard M, Mei L, Li T, Larsson J, Malmqvist E, Åkesson S, Svanberg S. Spatial monitoring of flying insects over a Swedish lake using a continuous-wave lidar system. R Soc Open Sci 2023; 10:221557. [PMID: 37234499 PMCID: PMC10206453 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.221557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We have used a continuous-wave bi-static lidar system based on the Scheimpflug principle in measurements on flying insects above, and in the vicinity of, a small lake located in a forested area in Southern Sweden. The system, which operates on triangulation principles, has a high spatial resolution at close distance, followed by a subsequent decline in resolution further from the sensor, related to the compact system design with a separation of transmitter and receiver by only 0.81 m. Our study showed a strong increase in insect abundance especially at dusk, but also at dawn. Insect numbers decreased over water compared to over land, and larger insects were over-represented over water. Further, the average size of the insects increased at night compared to day time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Jansson
- Department of Physics, Lund University, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Mikkel Brydegaard
- Department of Physics, Lund University, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
- Norsk Elektro Optikk AS, Østersjøveien 34, NO-0667 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Ecology Building, SE-223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - Liang Mei
- Department of Physics, Lund University, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Tianqi Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology and Center for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics and
| | - Jim Larsson
- Department of Physics, Lund University, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Elin Malmqvist
- Department of Physics, Lund University, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Susanne Åkesson
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Ecology Building, SE-223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - Sune Svanberg
- Department of Physics, Lund University, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology and Center for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics and
- National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|