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Gawlik A, Haberstock S, Beckert J, Zepp C. What moves truck drivers? A person-centered perspective on workplace physical activity promotion. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND ERGONOMICS 2024; 30:425-435. [PMID: 38326221 DOI: 10.1080/10803548.2024.2315898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Objectives. In developing physical activity (PA) promotion measures in the workplace, individual needs of the target groups must be considered. For this reason, this study aimed to qualitatively identify the individual needs for an increase of PA in truck drivers, representing a neglected working group in terms of PA promotion. Methods. Semi-structured interviews were conducted (N = 19; mean age 50.5 years, SD 11.4 years; 10.5% female). The interview guide was based on the COM-B model to identify needs related to PA behavior in terms of capabilities, opportunities and motivation. The interviews were transcribed and coded by two independent investigators. Results. Altogether, the codes encompassed 395 statements, and the code system contained 14 codes. Three additional codes described further individual needs related to other health behaviors (nutrition, recreation) or external incentives for health interventions. Conclusion. The results reveal a variety of needs that are fundamental to the development of PA-promoting interventions for truck drivers. These needs appear to be closely linked, so a combination of capabilities, opportunities and/or motivation should be considered when developing holistic interventions. An example would be linking automatic motivation and psychological capabilities that encompass motivational techniques combined with information for psychoeducation of truck drivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeli Gawlik
- Institute of Psychology, German Sport University Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Johanna Beckert
- Institute of Psychology, German Sport University Cologne, Germany
| | - Christian Zepp
- Institute of Psychology, German Sport University Cologne, Germany
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Wei T, Zhu T, Lin M, Liu H. Predicting and factor analysis of rider injury severity in two-wheeled motorcycle and vehicle crash accidents based on an interpretable machine learning framework. TRAFFIC INJURY PREVENTION 2024; 25:194-201. [PMID: 38019553 DOI: 10.1080/15389588.2023.2284111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE As one of the vulnerable road users in accidents, how to improve the two-wheeled motorcyclist's driving safety and reduce accident injury is a public health issue. Accurate identification of the factors influencing the severity of accidents is an important prerequisite for mitigating injury from crashes. METHODS Based on a vehicle and a two-wheeled motorcycle crash accident data from the China in-depth accident study database (CIDAS), this study uses the performance evaluation indicators of accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, AUC, and the ROC curve. The classification and prediction performances of the six machine learning methods on the dataset are compared, and the LightGBM algorithm with the best performance is selected to model the accident injury severity of the motorcyclists. The SHAP method is used to extend the interpretability of the LightGBM model results. Based on the SHAP method, the importance, main effect, and the interaction effect of factors under each accident injury severity are quantitatively analyzed. RESULTS The model prediction accuracy is 92.6%, the F1-Score is 92.8%, and the AUC value is 0.986. The importance of factors varies with the accident injury severity of motorcyclists. The kilometers traveled per year by the driver, the throwing distance of the motorcyclist, and the road speed limit are the three most important factors. The motorcyclist is more likely to suffer fatal injuries when the throwing distance is >1,000 cm. CONCLUSIONS The prediction model of driver injury severity based on LightGBM algorithm has a good prediction performance. It can be used to analyze the influence factors of injury severity in two-wheeled motorcyclist accident by combining the model with SHAP method. These results could help the traffic management department to take measures to reduce accident injury of motorcyclists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianzheng Wei
- School of Transportation and Logistics Engineering, Shandong Jiaotong University, Jinan, China
| | - Tong Zhu
- College of Transportation Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an, China
| | - Miao Lin
- China Automotive Technology and Research Center Co., Ltd., Tianjin, China
| | - Haoxue Liu
- School of Automobile, Chang'an University, Xi'an, China
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3
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Lemke MK, Houghtaling B, Winkler MR, Hege A. Rethinking Efforts to Improve Dietary Patterns Among Long-Haul Truck Drivers: Transforming Truck Stop Retail Food Environments Through Upstream Change. Am J Health Promot 2023; 37:755-759. [PMID: 36719742 PMCID: PMC10330639 DOI: 10.1177/08901171231155050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
A multitude of upstream occupational exposures influence poor dietary patterns that contribute to cardiometabolic health disparities among long-haul truck drivers in the United States. Herein, we delineate the unique characteristics of the truck driving profession that shape dietary patterns. Next, we discuss current health promotion efforts and why they are unlikely to be sufficient for improving population-level dietary patterns. We then advocate for prioritizing health promotion efforts that target upstream factors that influence population dietary patterns and have the potential to holistically and sustainably support drivers' nutrition. Finally, we propose novel research directions to catalyze upstream-oriented health promotion efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bailey Houghtaling
- Gretchen Swanson Center for Nutrition, Omaha, NE, USA
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Megan R. Winkler
- Department of Behavioral, Social, and Health Education Sciences, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Adam Hege
- Department of Public Health & Exercise Science, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC, USA
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Lemke MK, Thiese MS, Hege A, Ogbonnaya UC, Hegmann KT. Metabolic syndrome among commercial truck drivers: The relationship between condition prevalence and crashes. Am J Ind Med 2023; 66:54-64. [PMID: 36268908 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.23437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is especially prevalent among US truck drivers. However, there has been limited research exploring associations between MetS conditions with roadway crashes among truck drivers. The objective of this paper is to assess relationships between specific combinations of individual MetS components and crashes and near-misses. METHODS Survey, biometric, and anthropometric data were collected from 817 truck drivers across 6 diverse US states. Survey data focused on demographics and roadway safety outcomes, and anthropometric/biometric data corresponded to five MetS conditions (waist circumference blood pressure, hemoglobin A1c, triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein [HDL] cholesterol). Logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios of lifetime crashes and near-miss 1-month period prevalence associated with: 1) specific MetS conditions regardless of presence or absence of other MetS conditions, and 2) specific MetS conditions and counts of other accompanying MetS conditions. RESULTS Hypertension was the MetS characteristic most strongly associated with lifetime crash and 1-month near-miss outcomes, while high triglycerides, low HDL cholesterol, and large waist circumference were most commonly present among groups of conditions associated with crashes and near-misses. Overall, an increasing number of specific co-occurring MetS conditions were associated with higher reporting of roadway crashes. CONCLUSIONS Specific combinations and higher prevalence of MetS conditions were associated with increased frequency of reported crashes. Moreover, when the co-occurrence of MetS conditions is aggregated, a dose-response relationship with crashes appears. These results suggest that policy changes and interventions addressing MetS may increase driver health and reduce crash risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael K Lemke
- Department of Social Sciences, University of Houston-Downtown, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Matthew S Thiese
- Rocky Mountain Center for Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, University of Utah and Weber State University, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Adam Hege
- Department of Public Health & Exercise Science, Appalachian State University, Boone, North Carolina, USA
| | - Uchenna C Ogbonnaya
- Rocky Mountain Center for Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, University of Utah and Weber State University, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Kurt T Hegmann
- Rocky Mountain Center for Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, University of Utah and Weber State University, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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5
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Newnam S, St Louis R, Stephens A, Sheppard D. Applying systems thinking to improve the safety of work-related drivers: A systematic review of the literature. JOURNAL OF SAFETY RESEARCH 2022; 83:410-417. [PMID: 36481034 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2022.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Light vehicles (<4.5 tons) driven for work purposes represent a significant proportion of the registered motor vehicles on our roads. Drivers of these vehicles have significant exposure to the dangers of the road transport environment. To optimize safety for these workers, it is critical to understand the factors contributing to risk of being involved in an incident. This information can then be used to inform the review and revision of existing risk controls and the development of targeted prevention activities. METHOD The aim of the study was to undertake a systematic review of the literature to identify the factors associated with work-related driving incidents. The factors identified in the review were represented within an adapted version of Rasmussen's risk management framework (Rasmussen, 1997). Fifty studies were analyzed following data screening and review of full text. The highest proportion of risk factors were categorized at the lower levels of the system, including the 'Drivers and Other Road Users' level (n = 20, 44.4%) and the 'Equipment, Environment, and Meteorological Surroundings' level (n = 19, 42.2%). There were no risk factors identified at the 'Regulatory and Government Bodies' levels of the framework, confirming the narrow investigative scope of past research and the need to acknowledge a broader range of factors within and across higher levels of the system. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study inform the direction of future research and design of targeted prevention activities capable of creating system change for the safety of work-related drivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Newnam
- Monash University Accident Research Centre, 21 Alliance Lane, Monash University, VIC 3800, Australia.
| | - Renee St Louis
- Monash University Accident Research Centre, 21 Alliance Lane, Monash University, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Amanda Stephens
- Monash University Accident Research Centre, 21 Alliance Lane, Monash University, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Dianne Sheppard
- Monash University Accident Research Centre, 21 Alliance Lane, Monash University, VIC 3800, Australia
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Ruettger K, Clemes SA, Chen YL, Edwardson CL, Guest A, Gilson ND, Gray LJ, Johnson V, Paine NJ, Sherry AP, Sayyah M, Troughton J, Varela-Mato V, Yates T, King JA. Drivers with and without Obesity Respond Differently to a Multi-Component Health Intervention in Heavy Goods Vehicle Drivers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:15546. [PMID: 36497618 PMCID: PMC9739045 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192315546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Physical inactivity and obesity are widely prevalent in Heavy Goods Vehicle (HGV) drivers. We analysed whether obesity classification influenced the effectiveness of a bespoke structured lifestyle intervention ('SHIFT') for HGV drivers. The SHIFT programme was evaluated within a cluster randomised controlled trial, across 25 transport depots in the UK. After baseline assessments, participants within intervention sites received a 6-month multi-component health behaviour change intervention. Intervention responses (verses control) were stratified by obesity status (BMI < 30 kg/m2, n = 131; BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2, n = 113) and compared using generalised estimating equations. At 6-months, favourable differences were found in daily steps (adjusted mean difference 1827 steps/day, p < 0.001) and sedentary time (adjusted mean difference -57 min/day, p < 0.001) in drivers with obesity undertaking the intervention, relative to controls with obesity. Similarly, in drivers with obesity, the intervention reduced body weight (adjusted mean difference -2.37 kg, p = 0.002) and led to other favourable anthropometric outcomes, verses controls with obesity. Intervention effects were absent for drivers without obesity, and for all drivers at 16-18-months follow-up. Obesity classification influenced HGV drivers' behavioural responses to a multi-component health-behaviour change intervention. Therefore, the most at-risk commercial drivers appear receptive to a health promotion programme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Ruettger
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Stacy A. Clemes
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester LE5 4PW, UK
| | - Yu-Ling Chen
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Charlotte L. Edwardson
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester LE5 4PW, UK
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester LE5 4PW, UK
| | - Amber Guest
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Nicholas D. Gilson
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Laura J. Gray
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Vicki Johnson
- Leicester Diabetes Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester LE5 4PW, UK
| | - Nicola J. Paine
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester LE5 4PW, UK
| | - Aron P. Sherry
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester LE5 4PW, UK
| | - Mohsen Sayyah
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Jacqui Troughton
- Leicester Diabetes Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester LE5 4PW, UK
| | - Veronica Varela-Mato
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester LE5 4PW, UK
| | - Thomas Yates
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester LE5 4PW, UK
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester LE5 4PW, UK
| | - James A. King
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester LE5 4PW, UK
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Clemes SA, Varela-Mato V, Bodicoat DH, Brookes CL, Chen YL, Cox E, Edwardson CL, Gray LJ, Guest A, Johnson V, Munir F, Paine NJ, Richardson G, Ruettger K, Sayyah M, Sherry A, Paola ASD, Troughton J, Walker S, Yates T, King J. A multicomponent structured health behaviour intervention to improve physical activity in long-distance HGV drivers: the SHIFT cluster RCT. PUBLIC HEALTH RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.3310/pnoy9785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
Long-distance heavy goods vehicle drivers are exposed to a multitude of risk factors associated with their occupation. The working environment of heavy goods vehicle drivers provides limited opportunities for a healthy lifestyle, and, consequently, heavy goods vehicle drivers exhibit higher than nationally representative rates of obesity and obesity-related comorbidities, and are underserved in terms of health promotion initiatives.
Objective
The aim of this trial was to test the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of the multicomponent Structured Health Intervention For Truckers (SHIFT) programme, compared with usual care, at both 6 months and 16–18 months.
Design
A two-arm cluster randomised controlled trial, including a cost-effectiveness analysis and process evaluation.
Setting
Transport depots throughout the Midlands region of the UK.
Participants
Heavy goods vehicle drivers.
Intervention
The 6-month SHIFT programme included a group-based interactive 6-hour education session, health coach support and equipment provision [including a Fitbit® (Fitbit Inc., San Francisco, CA, US) and resistance bands/balls to facilitate a ‘cab workout’]. Clusters were randomised following baseline measurements to either the SHIFT arm or the control arm.
Main outcome measures
Outcome measures were assessed at baseline, with follow-up assessments occurring at both 6 months and 16–18 months. The primary outcome was device-measured physical activity, expressed as mean steps per day, at 6-month follow-up. Secondary outcomes included device-measured sitting, standing, stepping, physical activity and sleep time (on any day, workdays and non-workdays), along with adiposity, biochemical measures, diet, blood pressure, psychophysiological reactivity, cognitive function, functional fitness, mental well-being, musculoskeletal symptoms and work-related psychosocial variables. Cost-effectiveness and process evaluation data were collected.
Results
A total of 382 participants (mean ± standard deviation age: 48.4 ± 9.4 years; mean ± standard deviation body mass index: 30.4 kg/m2 ± 5.1 kg/m2; 99% male) were recruited across 25 clusters. Participants were randomised (at the cluster level) to either the SHIFT arm (12 clusters, n = 183) or the control arm (13 clusters, n = 199). At 6 months, 209 (54.7%) participants provided primary outcome data. Significant differences in mean daily steps were found between arms, with participants in the SHIFT arm accumulating 1008 more steps per day than participants in the control arm (95% confidence interval 145 to 1871 steps; p = 0.022), which was largely driven by the maintenance of physical activity levels in the SHIFT arm and a decline in physical activity levels in the control arm. Favourable differences at 6 months were also seen in the SHIFT arm, relative to the control arm, in time spent sitting, standing and stepping, and time in moderate or vigorous activity. No differences between arms were observed at 16–18 months’ follow-up. No differences were observed between arms in the other secondary outcomes at either follow-up (i.e. 6 months and 16–18 months). The process evaluation demonstrated that the intervention was well received by participants and that the intervention reportedly had a positive impact on their health behaviours. The average total cost of delivering the SHIFT programme was £369.57 per driver, and resulting quality-adjusted life-years were similar across trial arms (SHIFT arm: 1.22, 95% confidence interval 1.19 to 1.25; control arm: 1.25, 95% confidence interval 1.22 to 1.27).
Limitations
A higher (31.4%) than anticipated loss to follow-up was experienced at 6 months, with fewer (54.7%) participants providing valid primary outcome data at 6 months. The COVID-19 pandemic presents a major confounding factor, which limits our ability to draw firm conclusions regarding the sustainability of the SHIFT programme.
Conclusion
The SHIFT programme had a degree of success in positively impacting physical activity levels and reducing sitting time in heavy goods vehicle drivers at 6-months; however, these differences were not maintained at 16–18 months.
Future work
Further work involving stakeholder engagement is needed to refine the content of the programme, based on current findings, followed by the translation of the SHIFT programme into a scalable driver training resource.
Trial registration
This trial is registered as ISRCTN10483894.
Funding
This project was funded by the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Public Health Research programme and will be published in full in Public Health Research; Vol. 10, No. 12. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacy A Clemes
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
- National Institute for Health and Care Research Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, UK
| | - Veronica Varela-Mato
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
- National Institute for Health and Care Research Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, UK
| | | | | | - Yu-Ling Chen
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
- National Institute for Health and Care Research Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, UK
| | - Edward Cox
- Centre for Health Economics, University of York, York, UK
| | - Charlotte L Edwardson
- National Institute for Health and Care Research Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, UK
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Laura J Gray
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Amber Guest
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Vicki Johnson
- Leicester Diabetes Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - Fehmidah Munir
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
- National Institute for Health and Care Research Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, UK
| | - Nicola J Paine
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
- National Institute for Health and Care Research Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, UK
| | | | - Katharina Ruettger
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Mohsen Sayyah
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Aron Sherry
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
- National Institute for Health and Care Research Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, UK
| | | | - Jacqui Troughton
- Leicester Diabetes Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - Simon Walker
- Centre for Health Economics, University of York, York, UK
| | - Thomas Yates
- National Institute for Health and Care Research Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, UK
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - James King
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
- National Institute for Health and Care Research Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, UK
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Soccolich S, Ridgeway C, Mabry JE, Camden MC, Miller A, Iridiastadi H, Hanowski RJ. Challenges in Conducting Empirical Epidemiological Research with Truck and Bus Drivers in Diverse Settings in North America. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:12494. [PMID: 36231791 PMCID: PMC9566617 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Over 6.5 million commercial vehicle drivers were operating a large truck or bus in the United States in 2020. This career often has high stress and long working hours, with few opportunities for physical activity. Previous research has linked these factors to adverse health conditions. Adverse health conditions affect not only the professional drivers' wellbeing but potentially also commercial motor vehicle (CMV) operators' safe driving ability and public safety for others sharing the roadway. The prevalence of health conditions with high impact on roadway safety in North American CMV drivers necessitates empirical epidemiological research to better understand and improve driver health. The paper presents four challenges in conducting epidemiological research with truck and bus drivers in North America and potential resolutions identified in past and current research. These challenges include (1) the correlation between driving performance, driving experience, and driver demographic factors; (2) the impact of medical treatment status on the relationship between health conditions and driver risk; (3) capturing accurate data in self-report data collection methods; and (4) reaching the CMV population for research. These challenges are common and influential in epidemiological research of this population, as drivers face severe health issues, health-related federal regulations, and the impact of vehicle operation on the safety of themselves and others using the roadways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Soccolich
- Division of Freight, Transit, and Heavy Vehicle Safety, Virginia Tech Transportation Institute, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Christie Ridgeway
- Division of Freight, Transit, and Heavy Vehicle Safety, Virginia Tech Transportation Institute, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Jessica Erin Mabry
- Division of Freight, Transit, and Heavy Vehicle Safety, Virginia Tech Transportation Institute, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Matthew C. Camden
- Division of Freight, Transit, and Heavy Vehicle Safety, Virginia Tech Transportation Institute, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Andrew Miller
- Division of Freight, Transit, and Heavy Vehicle Safety, Virginia Tech Transportation Institute, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Hardianto Iridiastadi
- Division of Freight, Transit, and Heavy Vehicle Safety, Virginia Tech Transportation Institute, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
- Faculty of Industrial Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
| | - Richard J. Hanowski
- Division of Freight, Transit, and Heavy Vehicle Safety, Virginia Tech Transportation Institute, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
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Crane MM, Newman K, Hebert-Beirne J, Abril EP, Powell LH, Appelhans BM. Weight Loss Program Preferences of Men Working in Blue-Collar Occupations: A Qualitative Inquiry. Am J Mens Health 2022; 16:15579883221117932. [PMID: 36154524 PMCID: PMC9515537 DOI: 10.1177/15579883221117932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Men who work in blue-collar occupations (skilled and unskilled trades) experience high rates of obesity and comorbid conditions. This group is underrepresented in behavioral interventions for weight management, which may stem from a mismatch between the features of available programs and these men's preferences. This qualitative study explored the views of these men, their experiences with weight loss, their preferences for weight loss programs, and messaging related to these programs. We conducted remote interviews with 20 men (age: 43 ± 13 years, M ± SD) currently working in blue-collar occupations (50% construction, 25% transportation, and 25% manufacturing) who had body mass indices (BMIs) in the overweight/obese categories (BMI: 33 ± 6 kg/m2). Deductive codes and summary themes were developed and discussed by the first two authors. A selection of transcripts was reviewed following theme development to confirm accuracy of the themes. Most participants (n = 16, 80%) reported a prior weight loss attempt. The most common approaches to weight loss reported were increased exercise and following their own approach to changing diet (e.g., "eating less junk food"). For program and message preferences, two major themes emerged: participants wanted accurate and trustworthy information and wanted programs that fit their lifestyle. Results suggest that weight loss programs targeting men working in blue-collar occupations should emphasize the accuracy of information related to the program and the ease of incorporating it into participants' lifestyles. There is an urgent need to incorporate these preferences into effective programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa M. Crane
- Department of Family and Preventive
Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA,Melissa M. Crane, Assistant Professor,
Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, Rush University Medical Center,
1700 W. Van Buren St., Ste 470, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Katerina Newman
- Department of Family and Preventive
Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jeni Hebert-Beirne
- Division of Community Health Sciences,
School of Public Health, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Eulàlia P. Abril
- Department of Communication, University
of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lynda H. Powell
- Department of Family and Preventive
Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Bradley M. Appelhans
- Department of Family and Preventive
Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
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10
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Guest AJ, Paine NJ, Chen YL, Chalkley A, Munir F, Edwardson CL, Gray LJ, Johnson V, Ruettger K, Sayyah M, Sherry A, Troughton J, Varela-Mato V, Yates T, King J, Clemes SA. The structured health intervention for truckers (SHIFT) cluster randomised controlled trial: a mixed methods process evaluation. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2022; 19:79. [PMID: 35799298 PMCID: PMC9261004 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-022-01316-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This paper presents the mixed methods process evaluation of the randomised controlled trial (RCT) of the Structured Health Intervention For Truckers (SHIFT), a multi-component intervention targeting physical activity and positive lifestyle behaviours in a cohort of 382 truck drivers in the UK. The SHIFT RCT found a significant difference in daily steps between intervention and control groups at 6-months in favour of the intervention participants. Methods SHIFT was evaluated within a cluster-RCT and involved 25 transport sites (12 intervention and 13 control sites). Intervention components included an education session, Fitbit, text messages, and cab workout equipment. Participants completed questionnaires at baseline and 6-months follow-up. Semi-structured focus groups/interviews were conducted with drivers (n = 19) and managers (n = 18) from each site, after completion of the final follow-up health assessment (16-18 months post-randomisation). Questionnaires and interviews collected information on fidelity, dose, context, implementation, barriers, sustainability, and contamination. Results Questionnaire and interview data from intervention participants indicated favourable attitudes towards SHIFT, specifically towards the Fitbit with a high proportion of drivers reporting regularly using it (89.1%). 79.2% of intervention participants attended the education session, which was deemed useful for facilitating improvements in knowledge and behaviour change, dietary changes were predominantly recalled. Despite not being part of the intervention, participants reported that feedback from the health assessments motivated them to change aspects of their lifestyle (intervention = 91.1%, control = 67.5%). The cab workout equipment was used less and spoken unfavourably of in the interviews. The main barriers to a healthy lifestyle at work were reported as long hours and irregular shift patterns. The most suggested improvement for the intervention was more frequent contact with drivers. Managers were positive about the objectives of SHIFT, however almost all mentioned the challenges related to implementation, specifically in smaller sites. Conclusions Overall, SHIFT was predominantly implemented as intended, with minimal discrepancies seen between the delivery and protocol. Having said this, transport sites each have distinct characteristics, which may require adaptations to individual settings to encourage participation. Managers and drivers reported enthusiasm and necessity for SHIFT to be included in future Certificate of Professional Competence training. Trial registration ISRCTN10483894 (date registered: 01/03/2017).
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber J Guest
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, UK.
| | - Nicola J Paine
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, UK.,NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, UK
| | - Yu-Ling Chen
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, UK.,NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, UK
| | - Anna Chalkley
- Centre for Physically Active Learning, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway.,Wolfson Centre for Applied Research, Faculty of Health Studies, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
| | - Fehmidah Munir
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, UK.,NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, UK
| | - Charlotte L Edwardson
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, UK.,Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Laura J Gray
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Vicki Johnson
- Leicester Diabetes Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - Katharina Ruettger
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Mohsen Sayyah
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Aron Sherry
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, UK.,NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, UK
| | - Jacqui Troughton
- Leicester Diabetes Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - Veronica Varela-Mato
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, UK.,NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, UK
| | - Thomas Yates
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, UK.,Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - James King
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, UK.,NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, UK
| | - Stacy A Clemes
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, UK.,NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, UK
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11
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Scholl LS, Thiese MS, Handy R. Incidence of Workers' Compensation Claims in Opioid-Using Truck Drivers. J Occup Environ Med 2022; 64:314-319. [PMID: 34723912 PMCID: PMC9038602 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000002423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examines the relationship between opioid use prevalence and subsequent filing of workers' compensation claims. METHODS A retrospective cohort study design was utilized to examine data from drivers' initial commercial driver medical exam, employment data, and workers' compensation claims data. RESULTS Data from 57,733 over 7 years were analyzed. Drivers who reported opioid use at their initial medical exam visit filed subsequent workers' compensation claims 1.81 times sooner (P = 0.0001; 95% CI 1.34, 2.44) than drivers who did not report opioid use at their CDME when controlling for age, gender, BMI, and diastolic blood pressure. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide information that may aid in improving regulations to control for incidents, training programs to inform professional drivers of factors that increase accident risk and educating prescribers about increased risks of injury among opioid-using drivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay S. Scholl
- Rocky Mountain Center for Occupational & Environment Health, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, 250 East 200 South, Suite 100, Salt Lake City, UT 84101
| | - Matthew S. Thiese
- Rocky Mountain Center for Occupational & Environment Health, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, 250 East 200 South, Suite 100, Salt Lake City, UT 84101
| | - Rodney Handy
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, 375 Chipeta Way, Salt Lake City, UT 84108
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12
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Ruettger K, Varela-Mato V, Chen YL, Edwardson CL, Guest A, Gilson ND, Gray LJ, Paine NJ, Sherry AP, Sayyah M, Yates T, King JA, Clemes SA. Physical Activity, Sedentary Time, and Cardiometabolic Health in Heavy Goods Vehicle Drivers. J Occup Environ Med 2022; 64:e217-e223. [PMID: 35051962 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000002484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Physical inactivity, prolonged sitting, and unhealthy dietary habits are common in Heavy Goods Vehicle (HGV) drivers. These factors increase risk of long-term health conditions. METHODS 329 HGV drivers across 25 UK depots completed a health assessment, including questionnaire completion, and objectively measured anthropometrics, blood biomarkers, physical activity (PA), and sedentary behavior. RESULTS The sample demonstrated a high-risk cardiometabolic health profile. 88.1% were overweight or had obesity, and 11.9% had pre-diabetes or diabetes. 28.3% had hypertension, 83.6% had clinically elevated circulating low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol concentrations (>2mmol/l), and 66.6% had high total cholesterol levels (>4mmol/l). On workdays drivers accumulated 12 hours/day of sitting, 1.7 hours/day of light PA, and 9.8 mins/day of moderate-to-vigorous PA. Associations between light PA and cardiometabolic markers were observed. CONCLUSION This sample presents high levels of inactivity, overweight, and obesity, and unhealthy cardiometabolic health profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Ruettger
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom (Miss Ruettger, Dr Varela-Mato, Dr Chen, Miss Guest, Dr Paine, Dr Sherry, Dr Sayyah, Dr King, Dr Clemes), NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, United Kingdom (Dr Varela-Mato, Dr Edwardson, Dr Paine, Dr Sherry, Dr Yates, Dr King, Dr Clemes), Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, United Kingdom (Dr Edwardson, Dr Yates), School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, Australia (Dr Gilson), Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom (Dr Gray)
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13
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van Vreden C, Xia T, Collie A, Pritchard E, Newnam S, Lubman DI, de Almeida Neto A, Iles R. The physical and mental health of Australian truck drivers: a national cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:464. [PMID: 35260120 PMCID: PMC8903653 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-12850-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The negative health consequences of truck driving are well documented. However, despite the distinct occupational challenges between long- and short-haul driving, limited research has been conducted on how the health profile of these drivers differ. The aims of this study were to characterise the physical and mental health of Australian truck drivers overall, and to identify any differences in factors influencing the health profile of long-haul compared to short-haul drivers. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS In this cross-sectional study, 1390 Australian truck drivers completed an online survey between August 2019 and May 2020. Questions included validated measures of psychological distress, general health, work ability and health-related quality-of-life. Participants driving 500 km or more per day were categorised as long-haul and those driving less than 500 km as short-haul. RESULTS The majority of survey respondents were classified as either overweight (25.2%) or obese (54.3%). Three in ten reported three or more chronic health conditions (29.5%) and poor general health (29.9%). The most commonly diagnosed conditions were back problems (34.5%), high blood pressure (25.8%) and mental health problems (19.4%). Chronic pain was reported by 44% of drivers. Half of drivers reported low levels of psychological distress (50.0%), whereas 13.3 and 36.7% experienced severe or moderate level of psychological distress respectively. There were a small number of differences between the health of long- and short-haul drivers. A higher proportion of short-haul drivers reported severe psychological distress compared to long-haul drivers (15.2% vs 10.4%, χ2 = 8.8, 0.012). Long-haul drivers were more likely to be obese (63.0% vs 50.9%, χ2 = 19.8, < 0.001) and report pain lasting over a year (40.0% vs 31.5%, χ2 = 12.3, 0.006). Having more than one diagnosed chronic condition was associated with poor mental and physical health outcomes in both long- and short-haul drivers. CONCLUSION Australian truck drivers report a high prevalence of multiple physical and mental health problems. Strategies focused on improving diet, exercise and preventing chronic conditions and psychological distress, that can also be implemented within the unique occupational environment of trucking are needed to help improve driver health. Further research is needed to explore risk and protective factors that specifically affect health in both short-haul and long-haul drivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caryn van Vreden
- Healthy Working Lives Research Group, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Level 2, 553 St Kilda Road, Melbourne, 3004, Australia.
| | - Ting Xia
- Healthy Working Lives Research Group, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Level 2, 553 St Kilda Road, Melbourne, 3004, Australia
| | - Alex Collie
- Healthy Working Lives Research Group, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Level 2, 553 St Kilda Road, Melbourne, 3004, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Pritchard
- Healthy Working Lives Research Group, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Level 2, 553 St Kilda Road, Melbourne, 3004, Australia
| | - Sharon Newnam
- Accident Research Centre, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Dan I Lubman
- Turning Point, Eastern Health and Monash Addiction Research Centre, Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Ross Iles
- Healthy Working Lives Research Group, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Level 2, 553 St Kilda Road, Melbourne, 3004, Australia
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14
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Josseran L, McNeill K, Fardini T, Sauvagnac R, Barbot F, Quera Salva MA, Bowser M, King G. Smoking and obesity among long-haul truck drivers in France. Tob Prev Cessat 2021; 7:66. [PMID: 34765832 PMCID: PMC8556716 DOI: 10.18332/tpc/142321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study examines the health status of long-haul truck drivers (LHTDs) and more specifically smoking and obesity, in France. METHODS A total of 373 French and other LHTDs were randomly interviewed at six highway rest stops. Variables recorded were self-reported sociodemographic characteristics (age, gender, marital status, and nationality), behavioral variables (consumption of sodas, daily exercise, smoking status), weight and height. Body mass index (BMI) was also calculated. Statistical analysis was conducted using chi-squared analysis and multiple logistic ordinal regression models (MLR) were developed. RESULTS The mean age was 43.4 and the largest proportion (41.2%) of respondents were aged 40–50 years. Most respondents were French (70.3%), married (73.8%) and did not report having an active exercise routine (66.0%). Almost two-thirds of the drivers consumed daily 1–2 sodas (34.2%) or 3–4 sodas (33.2%). Based on the BMI, respondents were divided into normal (34.3%), overweight (39.8%), obese (19.5%) or morbidly obese (9.4%) categories. The mean BMI was 27.9 kg/m2 and 51.1% of LHTDs were current or active smokers. MLR analysis revealed that French LHTDs were more likely (OR=3.04; 95% CI: 1.62–5.69) to have a normal BMI compared to other drivers. Smokers were significantly more likely than non-smokers (OR=2.12; 95% CI: 1.26–3.58) to have an above normal BMI. CONCLUSIONS These results confirm that French and other LHTDs are at high risk of non-communicable diseases. They also highlight the need to address the health risks associated with smoking and obesity among LHTDs using multifaceted strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loic Josseran
- Raymond Poincaré University Hospital (AP-HP), Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines University, UMR 1018, France
| | - Killian McNeill
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, Penn State University, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Thierry Fardini
- Raymond Poincaré University Hospital (AP-HP), Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines University, UMR 1018, France
| | - Rebecca Sauvagnac
- Raymond Poincaré University Hospital (AP-HP), Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines University, UMR 1018, France
| | - Frederic Barbot
- Raymond Poincaré University Hospital (AP-HP), Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines University, UMR 1018, France
| | - Maria-Antonia Quera Salva
- Raymond Poincaré University Hospital (AP-HP), Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines University, UMR 1018, France
| | - Myles Bowser
- Department of Information Mathematics, Penn State University, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Gary King
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, Penn State University, Pennsylvania, United States
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15
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Characteristics and Causes of Particularly Major Road Traffic Accidents Involving Commercial Vehicles in China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18083878. [PMID: 33917131 PMCID: PMC8067832 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18083878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Major accidents occurred frequently in the road transportation industry, and the resulting harm to drivers, property loss, and traffic interruption are very serious. This study investigated 11 particularly major accidents involving commercial vehicles in China, and performed analysis on accident characteristics regarding the time, location, types of vehicles, and accident causation at different levels based on the 24Model. Large buses and dangerous goods vehicles were involved in 10 accidents and they all occurred on a freeway. The months from May to August, especially during the time periods of 2:00–4:00 and 14:00–16:00 every day, were the most prone to accidents. The driver’s speeding and fatigued driving, and vehicle failure were the direct causes of most of the accidents. The defects in organizational safety management involved 12 system elements, such as safety accountability, education and training, etc. Procedures are of no use if they were not followed, and there was often no effective process to assess the implementation of procedures in many organizations. The weaknesses in organizational safety culture were the source of accidents, which was mainly manifested in members’ inadequate cognition of key elements in the aspects of safety importance, safety commitment, safety management system, etc. Understanding the characteristics and root causes of accidents can help to prevent the recurrence of similar mistakes and strengthen preventative measures in road transportation enterprises.
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16
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Johnson JK, Vingilis E, Terry AL. Qualitative Study of Long-Haul Truck Drivers' Health and Healthcare Experiences. J Occup Environ Med 2021; 63:230-237. [PMID: 33652446 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000002107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Long-haul truck drivers suffer increased health risk, but how they use healthcare is unknown. The objectives of this study were to explore the health experiences of these drivers, their healthcare experiences, and their relationship with their main medical provider. METHODS In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with 13 Canadian long-haul truck drivers. The majority (85%) were men and recruited at a truck stop on a major transport corridor between Canada and the United States. RESULTS Through phenomenological analysis of the transcribed interviews, themes of perseverance, isolation, dehumanization, and working in a hidden world emerged as major influences on the health experiences of these drivers. Barriers to their medical provider were also revealed. CONCLUSIONS Continuous exposure to a stressful work environment and inadequate access to primary care likely negatively affect the health of long-haul truck drivers. Given the experiences of this small group of drivers, improved healthcare and health resource availability might mitigate the risk of this occupational group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer K Johnson
- Bayside Medical Centre, Penetanguishene (Dr Johnson); Centre for Studies in Family Medicine, Department of Family Medicine (Dr Vingilis, Dr Terry); Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics (Dr Vingilis, Dr Terry); Schulich Interfaculty Program in Public Health (Dr Terry), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
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17
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Hamido S, Hamamoto R, Gu X, Itoh K. Factors influencing occupational truck driver safety in ageing society. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2021; 150:105922. [PMID: 33338909 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2020.105922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In ageing societies, the effective employment of ageing occupational drivers is one of the most important managerial concerns to be addressed to compensate for the lack of younger workers. In this study, the key factors contributing to the safety outcome in trucking transportation were identified using empirical data, including driving accident information, individual attributes, and task-related attributes. For this purpose, 306 driver records from 26 trucking companies in Japan were analysed. The driver sample was dichotomised by age into elderly drivers (age ≥ 50 years, referred to as older; N = 131) and young drivers (age < 50 years, referred to as younger; N = 175). Based on the analysis results, no significant age difference was identified in the likelihood of involvement in accidents for truck drivers. While older drivers who have penalty point records were more likely to be involved in traffic accidents, they were less affected by hard work conditions compared with young drivers. In conclusion, elderly drivers can be effectively employed as occupational drivers. They do not necessarily have a higher risk of accidents than young drivers. In addition, employment policies are proposed from a safety viewpoint, particularly for elderly truck drivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Hamido
- Tokyo Institute of Technology, Department of Industrial Engineering and Economics, School of Engineering, 2-12-1 Oh-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan.
| | - Ryota Hamamoto
- Tokyo Institute of Technology, Department of Industrial Engineering and Economics, School of Engineering, 2-12-1 Oh-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Xiuzhu Gu
- Tokyo Institute of Technology, Department of Industrial Engineering and Economics, School of Engineering, 2-12-1 Oh-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Kenji Itoh
- Tokyo Institute of Technology, Department of Industrial Engineering and Economics, School of Engineering, 2-12-1 Oh-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
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18
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Guest AJ, Chen YL, Pearson N, King JA, Paine NJ, Clemes SA. Cardiometabolic risk factors and mental health status among truck drivers: a systematic review. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e038993. [PMID: 33099498 PMCID: PMC7590350 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-038993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to systematically review and summarise the literature on cardiometabolic risk factors, lifestyle health behaviours and mental health status of truck drivers globally to ascertain the scale of these health concerns. DESIGN Systematic review reported using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. DATA SOURCES PubMed, Scopus, PsycINFO and Web of Science were searched in January 2019 and updated in January 2020, from the date of inception to 16 January 2020. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR SELECTING STUDIES Papers were included if they (1) reported independent data on truck drivers, (2) included quantitative data on outcomes related to cardiometabolic markers of health, mental health and/or health behaviours, (3) were written in English and (4) were published in a peer-reviewed journal. Grey literature was ineligible for this review. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS One reviewer independently extracted data and assessed methodological quality using a checklist based on the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute Quality Assessment tool. 20% were independently assessed for eligibility and quality by a second reviewer. Due to heterogeneity of the outcomes, results were narratively presented. RESULTS 3601 titles and abstracts were screened. Seventy-three studies met the inclusion criteria. Truck driving is associated with enforced sedentarism, long and irregular working hours, lack of healthy foods, social isolation and chronic time pressures. Strong evidence was observed for truck drivers to generally exhibit poor cardiometabolic risk profiles including overweight and obesity, hypertension, hypercholesterolaemia, high blood glucose, poor mental health and cigarette smoking. CONCLUSIONS Improving truck driver health is vital for the longevity of the trucking industry, and for the safety of all road users. The workplace plays a vital role in truck driver health; policies, regulations and procedures are required to address this health crisis. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42019124499.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber J Guest
- School of Sport Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, UK
| | - Yu-Ling Chen
- School of Sport Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, UK
| | - Natalie Pearson
- School of Sport Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, UK
| | - James A King
- School of Sport Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust and the University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Nicola J Paine
- School of Sport Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, UK
| | - Stacy A Clemes
- School of Sport Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust and the University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
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Philip P, Bailly S, Benmerad M, Micoulaud-Franchi JA, Grillet Y, Sapène M, Jullian-Desayes I, Joyeux-Faure M, Tamisier R, Pépin JL. Self-reported sleepiness and not the apnoea hypopnoea index is the best predictor of sleepiness-related accidents in obstructive sleep apnoea. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16267. [PMID: 33004829 PMCID: PMC7529742 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72430-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the value of apnoea + hypopnoea index versus self-reported sleepiness at the wheel in anticipating the risk of sleepiness-related accidents in patients referred for obstructive sleep apnoea. A cross-sectional analysis of the French national obstructive sleep apnoea registry. 58,815 subjects referred for a suspicion of obstructive sleep apnoea were investigated by specific items addressing sleepiness at the wheel and sleepiness-related accidents. Apnoea + hypopnoea index was evaluated with a respiratory polygraphy or full polysomnography. Subjects had a median age of 55.6 years [45.3; 64.6], 65% were men, with a median apnoea + hypopnoea index of 22 [8; 39] events/h. Median Epworth sleepiness scale score was 9 [6; 13], 35% of the patients reported sleepiness at the wheel (n = 20,310), 8% (n = 4,588) reported a near-miss accident and 2% (n = 1,313) reported a sleepiness-related accident. Patients reporting sleepiness at the wheel whatever their obstructive sleep apnoea status and severity exhibited a tenfold higher risk of sleepiness-related accidents. In multivariate analysis, other predictors for sleepiness-related accidents were: male gender, ESS, history of previous near-miss accidents, restless leg syndrome/periodic leg movements, complaints of memory dysfunction and nocturnal sweating. Sleep apnoea per se was not an independent contributor. Self-reported sleepiness at the wheel is a better predictor of sleepiness-related traffic accidents than apnoea + hypopnoea index.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Philip
- SANPSY-USR 3413, SANPSY-CNRS, Bordeaux University, 33000, Bordeaux, France.
| | - S Bailly
- HP2 Laboratory, INSERM U1042, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble, France.,EFCR Laboratory, Grenoble Alps University Hospital, Pole Thorax et Vaisseaux, Grenoble, France
| | - M Benmerad
- HP2 Laboratory, INSERM U1042, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble, France.,EFCR Laboratory, Grenoble Alps University Hospital, Pole Thorax et Vaisseaux, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Y Grillet
- Private Practice Sleep and Respiratory Disease Centre, Valence, France
| | - M Sapène
- Private Practice Sleep and Respiratory Disease Centre, Nouvelle Clinique Bel Air, Bordeaux, France
| | - I Jullian-Desayes
- HP2 Laboratory, INSERM U1042, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble, France.,EFCR Laboratory, Grenoble Alps University Hospital, Pole Thorax et Vaisseaux, Grenoble, France
| | - M Joyeux-Faure
- HP2 Laboratory, INSERM U1042, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble, France.,EFCR Laboratory, Grenoble Alps University Hospital, Pole Thorax et Vaisseaux, Grenoble, France
| | - R Tamisier
- HP2 Laboratory, INSERM U1042, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble, France.,EFCR Laboratory, Grenoble Alps University Hospital, Pole Thorax et Vaisseaux, Grenoble, France
| | - J L Pépin
- HP2 Laboratory, INSERM U1042, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble, France.,EFCR Laboratory, Grenoble Alps University Hospital, Pole Thorax et Vaisseaux, Grenoble, France
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Lemke MK, Apostolopoulos Y, Sönmez S. Syndemic frameworks to understand the effects of COVID-19 on commercial driver stress, health, and safety. JOURNAL OF TRANSPORT & HEALTH 2020; 18:100877. [PMID: 32501420 PMCID: PMC7245330 DOI: 10.1016/j.jth.2020.100877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION U.S. commercial drivers are entrenched in a stressogenic profession, and exposures to endemic chronic stressors shape drivers' behavioral and psychosocial responses and induce profound health and safety disparities. To gain a complete understanding of how the COVID-19 pandemic will affect commercial driver stress, health, and safety over time, and to mitigate these impacts, research and prevention efforts must be grounded in theoretical perspectives that contextualize these impacts within the chronic stressors already endemic to profession, the historical and ongoing forces that have induced them, and the potentially reinforcing nature of the resulting afflictions. METHODS Extant literature reveals how an array of macro-level changes has shaped downstream trucking industry policies, resulting in stressogenic work organization and workplace characteristics. Emerging evidence suggests that the COVID-19 pandemic exacerbates existing stressors and introduces novel stressors, with potentially exacerbatory impacts on health and safety disparities. RESULTS As COVID-19 exerts an array of multi-level stressors on commercial drivers, syndemic frameworks can provide the appropriate theoretical lens to guide research and prevention. Syndemic frameworks can provide the grounding to allow foregoing commercial driver COVID-19 research to transcend the limitations of prevailing research frameworks by contextualizing COVID-19 stressors holistically within the complex system of endemic chronic stressors and interrelated health and safety afflictions. Syndemic-informed prevention efforts can then be implemented that simultaneously tackle multiple afflictions and the macro-level forces that result in the emergence of commercial drivers' health and safety disparities over time. CONCLUSIONS The impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on commercial drivers cannot be adequately understood or acted upon in isolation from the endemic chronic stressors and interrelated health and safety disparities that characterize the profession. Instead, commercial driver COVID-19 research and prevention needs syndemic frameworks to holistically understand the impacts of COVID-19 on commercial driver stress, health, and safety, and to identify high-leverage preventive actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kenneth Lemke
- University of Houston-Downtown, Department of Social Sciences, One Main St., Ste. N1025, Houston, TX, 77002, USA
| | - Yorghos Apostolopoulos
- Texas A&M University, Complexity & Computational Population Health Group, 2929 Research Pkwy, College Station, TX, 77845, USA
| | - Sevil Sönmez
- University of Central Florida, College of Business Administration, 12744, Pegasus Dr., Orlando, FL, USA
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Truong LT, Nguyen HTT, Tay R. A random parameter logistic model of fatigue-related motorcycle crash involvement in Hanoi, Vietnam. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2020; 144:105627. [PMID: 32559660 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2020.105627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Since motorcycle taxi drivers often work long hours, fatigue would affect their riding abilities, impacting crash risks. However, there is limited understanding about motorcycle taxi drivers' fatigue-related crashes. This study investigates self-reported fatigue-related crashes among motorcycle taxi drivers in Hanoi, Vietnam. Results from a survey showed that approximately 16% of the motorcycle taxi drivers reported fatigue-related crash involvement. It was also found that nearly 37% of all crashes reported by motorcycle taxi drivers were related to fatigue while riding a motorcycle taxi. Results of the heterogeneity-in-means random parameter logistic model suggested that working fulltime, more delivery trips, and overweight conditions were associated with increased likelihoods of fatigue-related crash involvement. Hybrid taxi drivers, who operate as either traditional or ride-hailing taxi drivers at different times, and most ride-hailing taxi drivers had a reduced likelihood of fatigue-related crash involvement when compared to traditional taxi drivers. Overall, this study has revealed a significant issue of fatigue-related crashes among motorcycle taxi drivers. Immediate interventions via publicity or educational campaigns should be considered by authorities to address this important issue. Ride-hailing companies should contribute by sending warnings of excessive riding hours to ride-hailing taxi drivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long T Truong
- Department of Engineering, School of Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Hang T T Nguyen
- Institute of Construction Engineering, University of Transport and Communications, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Richard Tay
- School of Business IT & Logistics, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Lemke MK, Apostolopoulos Y, Sönmez S. A novel COVID-19 based truck driver syndemic? Implications for public health, safety, and vital supply chains. Am J Ind Med 2020; 63:659-662. [PMID: 32452556 PMCID: PMC7283783 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.23138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
U.S. long-haul truck drivers traverse great distances and interact with numerous individuals, rendering them vulnerable to acquiring and transmitting coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Together, the unique co-occurrence of pronounced health disparities and known COVID-19 infection, morbidity, and mortality risks suggest the possibility of a novel COVID-19 based truck driver syndemic due to advanced driver age and endemic health issues. In turn, COVID-19 sequelae may perpetuate existing health disparities. The co-occurrence of afflictions may also result in compromised safety performance. To curb the likelihood of a COVID-19 based truck driver syndemic, several action stepsare needed. First, key COVID-19 metrics need to be established for this population. Second, relationships between long-haul trucker network attributes and COVID-19 spread need to bedelineated. Third, mutually reinforcing interactions between endemic health disparities and COVID-19 vulnerability need to be elucidated. Finally, grounded in the aforementioned steps, policies and interventions need to be identified and implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yorghos Apostolopoulos
- Complexity & Computational Population Health GroupTexas A&M University College Station Texas
| | - Sevil Sönmez
- College of Business AdministrationUniversity of Central Florida Orlando Florida
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Gurubhagavatula I, Tan M, Jobanputra AM. OSA in Professional Transport Operations: Safety, Regulatory, and Economic Impact. Chest 2020; 158:2172-2183. [PMID: 32540304 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2020.05.582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OSA is common among commercial vehicle operators (CVOs) in all modes of transportation, including truck, bus, air, rail, and maritime operations. OSA is highly prevalent and increases the risk of drowsiness-related crashes in CVOs. Internationally, specific regulations regarding its identification and management vary widely or do not exist; medical examiners and sleep medicine specialists are urged to use available guidance documents in their absence. Education, screening, prompt identification and treatment, and ongoing surveillance to ensure effective therapy can lower the risk of fatigue-related crashes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indira Gurubhagavatula
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Miranda Tan
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY.
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Pourabdian S, Golshiri P, Janghorbani M. Overweight, underweight, and obesity among male long-distance professional drivers in Iran. J Occup Health 2020; 62:e12114. [PMID: 32515859 PMCID: PMC7001119 DOI: 10.1002/1348-9585.12114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Long-distance professional drivers, as an occupational group, are hypothesized to have a higher risk of overweight and obesity. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence and risk factors of overweight, underweight, and obesity in long-distance professional drivers. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted on 36 625 male long-distance professional drivers age ≥20 years, from April 2013 to Sept. 2016. Drivers were interviewed and underwent clinical and laboratory examinations including measures of blood pressure (BP), blood tests, anthropometric data, and visual and hearing acuity. The mean (standard deviation [SD]) age of participants was 41.9 (10.2) years with a mean (SD) duration of a professional driving of 15.3 (9.6) years and mean (SD) body mass index (BMI) was 25.7 (4.0) kg/m2 . RESULTS The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 39.1% (95% confidence interval (CI) 38.6, 39.6) and 10.8% (95% CI 10.5, 11.1), respectively. A total percentage of 2.7 (95% CI 2.5, 2.9) were underweight. A total percentage of 10.6 had BMI 30-40 kg/m2 and 0.2% had BMI ≥40 kg/m2 . Using a stepwise binary logistic regression model for overweight, underweight, and obesity, age had a significant independent relationship with underweight, overweight, and obesity. Duration of work, BP, fasting plasma glucose, triglyceride, and cholesterol had significant independent positive association and smoking had a negative association with overweight/obesity when other covariates were considered. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that overweight and obesity are prevalent among long-distance professional drivers in Iran and appears to be similar to the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siamak Pourabdian
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Parastoo Golshiri
- Department of Community Medicine, Medical School, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohsen Janghorbani
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore the relationships between tobacco, social support, job satisfaction, and depression among truck drivers. METHODS Cross-sectional data were collected from 797 truck drivers in six US states. Data collected included self-reported medical history and biological samples. Modified Zung depression scale and Work Apgar scores were used to measure depression and social support. Adjusted logistic regression models were used to calculate odds ratios (OR). RESULTS 24.0% of tobacco users were in the least depressed category and 18.2% were most depressed. 22.8% of the tobacco users had the most social support compared with 27.9% of the non-users. Drivers in the two most depressed categories were significantly less likely to use tobacco (OR = 0.62, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.39-0.96, and OR = 0.64, 95% CI = 0.41-0.99). CONCLUSIONS Drivers with low social support or low levels of depression are more likely to be tobacco users.
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Useche SA, Cendales B, Alonso F, Montoro L. Multidimensional prediction of work traffic crashes among Spanish professional drivers in cargo and passenger transportation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND ERGONOMICS 2020; 28:20-27. [PMID: 32276556 DOI: 10.1080/10803548.2020.1732102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the effect of different environmental, mechanical and individual factors associated with fatalities and serious injuries caused by work traffic accidents among cargo and passenger transport drivers (CPTD) in Spain. For this cross-sectional study, national data on work traffic accidents collected in Spain during the last 3 years were analyzed through a regression modeling approach, in order to predict the severity of traffic crashes involving CPTD. Using binary logistic regression analyses, it was found that the type of road and accident, the meteorological, light and vehicle conditions, individual characteristics and risky driving behaviors significantly predict the risk of fatal work traffic accidents and serious injuries. These findings highlight the importance of combining organizational efforts with national road safety policies in order to generate a traffic safety culture among CPTD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Boris Cendales
- Faculty of Economic and Administrative Sciences, El Bosque University, Colombia
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Relationships between Body Mass Index and Self-Reported Motorcycle Crashes in Vietnam. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12041382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between overweight, obesity, or body mass index (BMI) and crashes among drivers of passenger cars, vans, and trucks has been the focus of much research. However, little is understood about this relationship among motorcyclists, particularly motorcycle taxi drivers who tend to work long hours. Motorcycle taxis are an increasingly popular and important mode of travel in many cities, especially in South-East Asia, due partly to the rise of ride-hailing services. This paper assesses the body mass index (BMI) of motorcycle taxi drivers in Vietnam and its impacts on crashes among three types of drivers (traditional, ride-hailing, and hybrid). Data from a structured questionnaire survey of motorcycle taxi drivers conducted in Hanoi, Vietnam were used. Results show that 18.8% of motorcycle taxi drivers were overweight or obese whereas only 1.4% were underweight. Fulltime motorcycle taxi drivers were more likely to be overweight or obese. Results of random effect binary logistic regression show that overweight and obese motorcycle taxi drivers had significantly higher overall and injury crash risks, when compared to normal-weight motorcycle taxi drivers. Results also indicate that hybrid motorcycle taxi drivers had lower overall and injury crash risks when compared to traditional motorcycle taxi drivers.
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Yosef T, Bogale B, Destaw A, Weldu A. The Burden of Overweight and Obesity among Long-Distance Truckers in Ethiopia. J Obes 2020; 2020:4242789. [PMID: 32802498 PMCID: PMC7415108 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4242789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abnormal body mass index (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) has become a major global public health problem which is rising at a faster rate in urban areas of low- and middle-income countries. In Ethiopia, the prevalence gradually increases. Long-distance truckers are at a high risk of developing overweight or obesity due to the sedentary nature of their job. Despite these populations at a high risk of developing overweight/obesity such as drivers elsewhere, pieces of data that showed the prevalence and contributing factors of overweight and obesity among long-distance truckers in Ethiopia are not yet available. OBJECTIVE To assess the prevalence and contributing factors of overweight and obesity among long-distance truckers in Ethiopia. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted among 400 systematically selected truckers at Modjo dry port in Ethiopia from February to March, 2018. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews using a structured questionnaire. The final results were presented in tables and numerical summary measures such as mean and standard deviation (SD). RESULTS Of the 400 truckers interviewed, the prevalence of overweight and obesity was 56.5%, 95% CI (51.6%-61.4%). The study also found that a monthly income ≥220 USD (AOR = 1.83, 95% CI (1.05-3.18)), having 3 or more family sizes (AOR = 2.24, 95% CI (1.15-4.36)), less than 6 hours of sleep at night (AOR = 3.34, 95% CI (1.99-5.78)), driving for 9 or more hours daily (AOR = 2.29, 95% CI (1.09-4.81)), and a truck driving experience of 10 or more years (AOR = 2.13, 95% CI (1.29-4.18)) were significantly associated with overweight and obesity. CONCLUSION The prevalence of overweight and obesity was substantially high. The study also found that sociodemographic and occupational factors are mainly associated with overweight and obesity. Therefore, a health education program should be designed for awareness creation on the importance of reducing a sedentary lifestyle, consuming healthy foods or drinks, and having regular physical exercise to mitigate the problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tewodros Yosef
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mizan-Tepi University, Mizan Teferi, Ethiopia
| | - Biruk Bogale
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mizan-Tepi University, Mizan Teferi, Ethiopia
| | - Alemnew Destaw
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mizan-Tepi University, Mizan Teferi, Ethiopia
| | - Angesom Weldu
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mizan-Tepi University, Mizan Teferi, Ethiopia
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Bschaden A, Rothe S, Schöner A, Pijahn N, Stroebele-Benschop N. Food choice patterns of long-haul truck drivers driving through Germany, a cross sectional study. BMC Nutr 2019; 5:56. [PMID: 32153969 PMCID: PMC7050878 DOI: 10.1186/s40795-019-0326-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Long-haul truck drivers are exposed to unfavorable working conditions affecting their health but information on truck drivers travelling through Europe is missing. The study aimed to describe the populations' characteristics and food choice patterns while working compared with eating patterns at home, taking weight status into account. Methods A cross-sectional survey using questionnaires in 12 languages conducted at two truck stops in Germany. Results Among 404 truck drivers of 24 nationalities, only 24% were normal weight while 46% were considered overweight and 30% obese. In regards to their health, more than half reported that they smoked and 32% reported at least one chronic disease. 37% ate their meals often or always at truck stops, while 6% never did so. The most common food items brought from home were fruits (62%) followed by sausages (50.6%), sandwiches (38.7%), self-cooked meals (37%), sweets (35.4%), and raw vegetables (31%). Bivariate analyses revealed differences in food choices during work and at home with more sausages, energy drinks and soft drinks, and canned foods eaten during trips. Fresh vegetables, legumes and fish were more often chosen at home. Available food appliances in trucks appeared to be associated with food choice patterns. Interestingly, food choice patterns and food preparation did not differ significantly across weight categories. Conclusions The working conditions of professional truck drivers make a healthy lifestyle difficult to follow and appear to influence food choices while working. Particular effort should be taken to improve food choice patterns, food preparation and purchasing possibilities during trips.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Bschaden
- 1Department of Applied Nutritional Psycholoy, Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstr. 12, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany
| | | | - Anja Schöner
- 1Department of Applied Nutritional Psycholoy, Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstr. 12, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Nina Pijahn
- 1Department of Applied Nutritional Psycholoy, Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstr. 12, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Nanette Stroebele-Benschop
- 1Department of Applied Nutritional Psycholoy, Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstr. 12, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany
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Clemes SA, Varela Mato V, Munir F, Edwardson CL, Chen YL, Hamer M, Gray LJ, Bhupendra Jaicim N, Richardson G, Johnson V, Troughton J, Yates T, King JA. Cluster randomised controlled trial to investigate the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a Structured Health Intervention For Truckers (the SHIFT study): a study protocol. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e030175. [PMID: 31767581 PMCID: PMC6886973 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-030175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Heavy goods vehicle (HGV) drivers exhibit higher than nationally representative rates of obesity, and obesity-related comorbidities, in comparison to other occupational groups. Their working environments are not conducive to a healthy lifestyle, yet there has been limited attention to health promotion efforts. We have developed a Structured Health Intervention For Truckers (the SHIFT programme), a multicomponent, theory-driven, health-behaviour intervention targeting physical activity, diet and sitting in HGV drivers. This paper describes the protocol of a cluster randomised controlled trial designed to evaluate the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of the SHIFT programme. METHODS AND ANALYSIS HGV drivers will be recruited from a logistics company in the UK. Following baseline measurements, depots (clusters) will be randomised to either the SHIFT intervention or usual-care control arm (12 clusters in each, average cluster size 14 drivers). The 6-month SHIFT intervention includes a group-based interactive 6-hour education session, worksite champion support and equipment provision (including a Fitbit and resistance bands/balls to facilitate a 'cab workout'). Objectively measured total daily physical activity (steps/day) will be the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes include: objectively measured light-intensity physical activity and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, sitting time, sleep quality, markers of adiposity, blood pressure and capillary blood markers (glycated haemoglobin, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol). Self-report questionnaires will examine fruit and vegetable intake, psychosocial and work outcomes and mental health. Quality of life and resources used (eg, general practitioner visits) will also be assessed. Measures will be collected at baseline, 6 and 12 months and analysed according to a modified intention-to-treat principle. A full process evaluation and cost-effectiveness analysis will be conducted. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethical approval was obtained from the Loughborough University Ethics Approvals Sub-Committee (reference: R17-P063). Study findings will be disseminated through publications in research and professional journals, through conference presentations and to relevant regional and national stakeholders via online media and at dissemination events. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ISRCTN10483894.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacy A Clemes
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Verónica Varela Mato
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Fehmidah Munir
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | | | - Yu-Ling Chen
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Mark Hamer
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Laura J Gray
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | | | | | - Vicki Johnson
- Leicester Diabetes Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - Jacqui Troughton
- Leicester Diabetes Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - Thomas Yates
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - James A King
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
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Mullane SL, Connolly D, Buman MP. The Perceived Value of Reducing Sedentary Behavior in the Truck Driving Population. Front Public Health 2019; 7:214. [PMID: 31440493 PMCID: PMC6692874 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2019.00214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To conduct rapid qualitative analysis early in the intervention design process to establish the perceived value of reducing sedentary behavior in the truck driver population. Methods: A rapid assessment process for qualitative data collection was used to examine managerial and employee perceptions quickly and iteratively to inform intervention design. Managerial insights were collected during semi-structured interviews and employee insights were collected via an online survey and focus group. Thematic analyses were guided by the constructs of the Health Belief Model to establish; (a) perceived susceptibility to the health problem; (b) perceived severity of the health problem; (c) perceived benefits of the potential solutions; (d) perceived barriers to adopting the recommended solution; (e) cues to action; and (f) self-efficacy. Results: Three managers (2 females; 1 male) participated in semi-structured interviews. Seven truck drivers (1 female; 6 males) took part in a focus group. Sixteen survey responses (all male, mean age 49.8 ± 12.4 years, 86% white Caucasian) were collected in total (11 paper based; 6 online). The most important managerial motivators for engagement in an intervention included; improved sleep, alertness and quality of life. The most important employee motivators included; stress reduction (3.3 ± 1.3), improved quality of life (3.3 ± 1.3) and alertness (3.2 ± 1.4). Managerial and employee perspectives indicated that sedentary behavior may be of lower priority than diet and exercise, and may not resonate with the truck driving population as a health risk. Conclusion: Application of the Health Belief Model indicated a disconnect between the researcher, managerial and employee perspective and the perceived value of a sedentary behavior reduction intervention. Within the truck driving population, researchers should endeavor to include safety as well as health outcomes, use multi-level strategies, design for outcomes of high perceived value and leverage health communication strategies to communicate benefits that resonate with the end-user.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L Mullane
- School of Nutrition and Health Promotion, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | | | - Matthew P Buman
- School of Nutrition and Health Promotion, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, United States
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Wipfli B, Hanson G, Anger K, Elliot DL, Bodner T, Stevens V, Olson R. Process Evaluation of a Mobile Weight Loss Intervention for Truck Drivers. Saf Health Work 2019; 10:95-102. [PMID: 30949387 PMCID: PMC6428992 DOI: 10.1016/j.shaw.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In a cluster-randomized trial, the Safety and Health Involvement For Truck drivers intervention produced statistically significant and medically meaningful weight loss at 6 months (-3.31 kg between-group difference). The current manuscript evaluates the relative impact of intervention components on study outcomes among participants in the intervention condition who reported for a postintervention health assessment (n = 134) to encourage the adoption of effective tactics and inform future replications, tailoring, and enhancements. METHODS The Safety and Health Involvement For Truck drivers intervention was implemented in a Web-based computer and smartphone-accessible format and included a group weight loss competition and body weight and behavioral self-monitoring with feedback, computer-based training, and motivational interviewing. Indices were calculated to reflect engagement patterns for these components, and generalized linear models quantified predictive relationships between participation in intervention components and outcomes. RESULTS Participants who completed the full program-defined dose of the intervention had significantly greater weight loss than those who did not. Behavioral self-monitoring, computer-based training, and health coaching were significant predictors of dietary changes, whereas behavioral and body weight self-monitoring was the only significant predictor of changes in physical activity. Behavioral and body weight self-monitoring was the strongest predictor of weight loss. CONCLUSION Web-based self-monitoring of body weight and health behaviors was a particularly impactful tactic in our mobile health intervention. Findings advance the science of behavior change in mobile health intervention delivery and inform the development of health programs for dispersed populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brad Wipfli
- School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University and Portland State University, Portland, USA
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, USA
| | - Ginger Hanson
- School of Nursing, John Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA
| | - Kent Anger
- School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University and Portland State University, Portland, USA
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, USA
| | - Diane L. Elliot
- Division of Health Promotion & Sports Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, USA
| | - Todd Bodner
- Department of Psychology, Portland State University, Portland, USA
| | - Victor Stevens
- Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, USA
| | - Ryan Olson
- School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University and Portland State University, Portland, USA
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, USA
- Department of Psychology, Portland State University, Portland, USA
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Sleep and Mental Health in Truck Drivers: Descriptive Review of the Current Evidence and Proposal of Strategies for Primary Prevention. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15091852. [PMID: 30150599 PMCID: PMC6164547 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15091852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Background: Professional truck drivers (TDs) are exposed to stressful working (and living) conditions and are vulnerable. They report physical and mental health problems and psychological distress more frequently than the general population and their problems can affect safety on the roads. Actions to improve TDs’ health and reduce the risks of (co-)morbidity or unsafe driving are imperative. Methods: The published studies dealing with the TDs’ sleep habits and mental health were reviewed to define the scenario and organize the preventive strategies proposed thus far. Results: Awareness among TDs of the high risk for health and safety due to (often co-existing) untreated sleep and mental health problems is critical. Alcohol and prescribed or illicit drugs are often misused to compensate for depression, anxiety, job strain, fatigue, and social isolation. Polypharmacy and dependence increase the chance of unsafe behaviors on the road. The TDs’ access to healthcare services is scant, and participation in industry-sponsored wellness programs is limited. Conclusions: Primary prevention is a first unavoidable step to deal with sleep and mental health problems. Educational programs, online support and tele-health assessment/monitoring would help improve the well-being, safety and health of professional TDs and increase safety on the road.
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Re. J Occup Environ Med 2018; 60:e432-e433. [DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000001374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Lemke MK, Apostolopoulos Y, Hege A, Newnam S, Sönmez S. Can subjective sleep problems detect latent sleep disorders among commercial drivers? ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2018; 115:62-72. [PMID: 29549772 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2018.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Long-haul truck drivers experience poor sleep health and heightened accident rates, and undiagnosed sleep disorders contribute to these negative outcomes. Subjective sleep disorder screening tools may aid in detecting drivers' sleep disorders. This study sought to evaluate the value of subjective screening methods for detecting latent sleep disorders and identifying truck drivers at-risk for poor sleep health and safety-relevant performance. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using cross-sectional data from 260 long-haul truck drivers, we: 1) used factor analysis to identify possible latent sleep disorders; 2) explored the construct validity of extracted sleep disorder factors by determining their associations with established sleep disorder risk factors and symptoms; and 3) explored the predictive validity of resulting sleep disorder factors by determining their associations with sleep health and safety-relevant performance. RESULTS Five latent sleep disorder factors were extracted: 1) circadian rhythm sleep disorders; 2) sleep-related breathing disorders; 3) parasomnias; 4) insomnias; 5) and sleep-related movement disorders. Patterns of associations between these factors generally corresponded with known risk factors and symptoms. One or more of the extracted latent sleep disorder factors were significantly associated with all the sleep health and safety outcomes. DISCUSSION Using subjective sleep problems to detect latent sleep disorders among long-haul truck drivers may be a timely and effective way to screen this highly mobile occupational segment. This approach should constitute one component of comprehensive efforts to diagnose and treat sleep disorders among commercial transport operators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael K Lemke
- Complexity & Computational Population Health Group, Department of Kinesiology and Health Science, Stephen F. Austin State University, P.O. Box 13015, Nacogdoches, TX, 75962, USA.
| | - Yorghos Apostolopoulos
- Complexity & Computational Population Health Group, Department of Health & Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, 4243 TAMU, College Station, TX, 77843-4243, USA.
| | - Adam Hege
- Department of Health & Exercise Science, Appalachian State University, 111 Rivers Street, Boone, NC, 28608, USA.
| | - Sharon Newnam
- Accident Research Centre, Monash University, 21 Alliance Lane, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia.
| | - Sevil Sönmez
- Rosen College of Hospitality Management, University of Central Florida, 9907 Universal Blvd., Orlando, FL, 32819, USA.
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Zheng Z, Lu P, Lantz B. Commercial truck crash injury severity analysis using gradient boosting data mining model. JOURNAL OF SAFETY RESEARCH 2018; 65:115-124. [PMID: 29776520 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Truck crashes contribute to a large number of injuries and fatalities. This study seeks to identify the contributing factors affecting truck crash severity using 2010 to 2016 North Dakota and Colorado crash data provided by the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration. METHOD To fulfill a gap of previous studies, broad considerations of company and driver characteristics, such as company size and driver's license class, along with vehicle types and crash characteristics are researched. Gradient boosting, a data mining technique, is applied to comprehensively analyze the relationship between crash severities and a set of heterogeneous risk factors. RESULTS Twenty five variables were tested and 22 of them are identified as significant variables contributing to injury severities, however, top 11 variables account for more than 80% of injury forecasting. The relative variable importance analysis is conducted and furthermore marginal effects of all contributing factors are also illustrated in this research. Several factors such as trucking company attributes (e.g., company size), safety inspection values, trucking company commerce status (e.g., interstate or intrastate), time of day, driver's age, first harmful events, and registration condition are found to be significantly associated with crash injury severity. Even though most of the identified contributing factors are significant for all four levels of crash severity, their relative importance and marginal effect are all different. CONCLUSIONS For the first time, trucking company and driver characteristics are proved to have significant impact on truck crash injury severity. Some of the results in this study reinforce previous studies' conclusions. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Findings in this study can be helpful for transportation agencies to reduce injury severity, and develop efficient strategies to improve safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijian Zheng
- Upper Great Plain Transportation Institute, North Dakota State University, NDSU Dept 2880 P. O. Box 6050, Fargo, ND 58108-6050, United States.
| | - Pan Lu
- Upper Great Plain Transportation Institute, North Dakota State University, NDSU Dept 2880 P. O. Box 6050, Fargo, ND 58108-6050, United States.
| | - Brenda Lantz
- Upper Great Plain Transportation Institute, North Dakota State University, NDSU Dept 2880 P. O. Box 6050, Fargo, ND 58108-6050, United States.
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Obesity as a threat to national security: the need for precision engagement. Int J Obes (Lond) 2018; 43:437-439. [PMID: 29568111 PMCID: PMC6129418 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-018-0060-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 01/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Thiese MS, Hanowski RJ, Moffitt G, Kales SN, Porter RJ, Ronna B, Hartenbaum N, Hegmann KT. A retrospective analysis of cardiometabolic health in a large cohort of truck drivers compared to the American working population. Am J Ind Med 2018; 61:103-110. [PMID: 29114913 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.22795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Truck drivers face many health challenges, including lifestyle, diet, inactivity, stressors, and social support. METHODS A repeated cross-sectional analysis compared 88,246 truck drivers with data from (n = 11 918) the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Trends over time for body mass index (BMI), high blood pressure, diabetes mellitus, heart disease, and sleep disorders were analyzed, adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS Truck drivers had significantly worsening health metrics between 2005 and 2012 compared to NHANES participants. Truck drivers were significantly more likely to be obese and morbidly obese with prevalence odds ratios (POR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) of 1.99 (1.87, 2.13) and 2.34 (2.16, 2.54), respectively. Measured blood pressure, self-reported high blood pressure, diabetes mellitus, and heart disease all significantly increased. Also, sleep disorders increased among truck drivers from 2005 to 2012 (POR = 6.55, 95%CI 5.68, 7.55). CONCLUSION These data suggest disproportionate increases in poor health among truck drivers from 2005 to 2012.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S. Thiese
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, Rocky Mountain Center for Occupational and Environment Health, School of Medicine; University of Utah; Salt Lake City Utah
| | - Richard J. Hanowski
- Center for Truck and Bus Safety; Virginia Tech Transportation Institute; Blacksburg Virginia
| | - Gary Moffitt
- Arkansas Occupational Health Clinic; Springdale Arkansas
| | - Stefanos N. Kales
- Department of Environmental Health; School of Public Health; Harvard University; Cambridge Massachusetts
| | - Richard. J. Porter
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Utah Traffic Lab; University of Utah; Salt Lake City Utah
| | - Brenden Ronna
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, Rocky Mountain Center for Occupational and Environment Health, School of Medicine; University of Utah; Salt Lake City Utah
| | | | - Kurt T. Hegmann
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, Rocky Mountain Center for Occupational and Environment Health, School of Medicine; University of Utah; Salt Lake City Utah
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Saei A, Rahmani A, Ebadi A, Khankeh HR. Research Paper: Driver’s Effective Factors in Traffic Accident: A Sequential Explanatory Mixed Methods. HEALTH IN EMERGENCIES & DISASTERS QUARTERLY 2017. [DOI: 10.29252/nrip.hdq.3.1.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
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Hege A, Lemke MK, Apostolopoulos Y, Perko M, Sönmez S, Strack R. US long-haul truck driver work organization and the association with cardiometabolic disease risk. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH 2017; 72:303-310. [PMID: 27684487 DOI: 10.1080/19338244.2016.1242468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Work organization, including long working hours, irregular work schedules, and job stress, has been associated with increased cardiometabolic disease (CMD) risk for numerous working populations. The purpose of this study was to examine the associations between work hours, work schedules, job stress, and CMD risk for a sample of US long-haul truck drivers (LHTDs). A nonexperimental, descriptive, cross-sectional design was employed to collect survey and anthropometric data from 260 US LHTDs at a major truck stop. The mean BMI was 33.40 kg/m2 and mean waist circumference was 114.77 cm. Using logistic regression, researchers found longer work hours, especially greater than 11 hours daily, were associated with increased odds for an extremely high risk of CMD. Results support comprehensive and integrated approaches that address work organization, and in particular long working hours, to reduce drivers' CMD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Hege
- a Holmes Convocation Center, Department of Health and Exercise Science, Appalachian State University , Boone , North Carolina , USA
| | - Michael Kenneth Lemke
- b Complexity and Computational Population Health Group, Texas A&M University , College Station , Texas , USA
- c Department of Health and Kinesiology , Texas A&M University , College Station , Texas , USA
| | - Yorghos Apostolopoulos
- b Complexity and Computational Population Health Group, Texas A&M University , College Station , Texas , USA
- c Department of Health and Kinesiology , Texas A&M University , College Station , Texas , USA
| | - Mike Perko
- d Department of Public Health Education , University of North Carolina at Greensboro , Greensboro , North Carolina , USA
| | - Sevil Sönmez
- e Department of Tourism and Attractions , University of Central Florida , Orlando , Florida , USA
| | - Robert Strack
- d Department of Public Health Education , University of North Carolina at Greensboro , Greensboro , North Carolina , USA
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Ohlendorf D, Troebs P, Lenk A, Wanke E, Natrup J, Groneberg D. Postural sway, working years and BMI in healthy truck drivers: an observational study. BMJ Open 2017; 7:e013281. [PMID: 28706082 PMCID: PMC5541505 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-013281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The following study analyses the influence of risk factors among the occupational group of truck drivers on postural control and body mass index (BMI). DESIGN Observational study. SETTING One motorway station close to several highways in Germany. PARTICIPANTS 180 truck drivers (177 male/3 female), aged 21-65 years old, took part in this study. OUTCOME MEASURES Postural control was examined using a pressure plate. In order to examine the influence of body weight (BMI) and working years on postural control, subjects were divided into samples of five and three groups, respectively. Furthermore, it was evaluated whether the subjects suffered from back pain. For data analysis, the Kruskal-Wallis test was used as the data were not normally distributed. Once the p value of the Kruskal-Wallis test was p≤0.05, the Conover-Iman comparison and afterwards the Bonferroni-Holm correction were used. The significance level was set at α ≤0.05. RESULTS Regarding the number of working years, a significant increase of frontal (p≤0.04) and sagittal (p≤0.001) sway were observed. The correlation of the five BMI groups with the number of working years demonstrates that an increase of the working years leads to an increase of BMI (p≤0.03). Furthermore, the majority of truck drivers participating in this study suffered from back pain (61.7%). CONCLUSIONS BMI and musculoskeletal impairment are indicators of health risk factors. In this study, it is shown that an increasing number of working years and an increasing BMI lead to a decrease in frontal and sagittal postural sway. In addition, the number of working years correlates with body weight and back pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Ohlendorf
- Institute of Occupational Medicine, Social Medicine and Environmental Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt/Main, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Paul Troebs
- Institute of Occupational Medicine, Social Medicine and Environmental Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt/Main, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Andreas Lenk
- Institute of Occupational Medicine, Social Medicine and Environmental Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt/Main, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Eileen Wanke
- Institute of Occupational Medicine, Social Medicine and Environmental Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt/Main, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Jörg Natrup
- Society for Biomechanics Münster mH (GBiM), Münster, Germany
| | - David Groneberg
- Institute of Occupational Medicine, Social Medicine and Environmental Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt/Main, Frankfurt, Germany
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Varela-Mato V, O’Shea O, King JA, Yates T, Stensel DJ, Biddle SJH, Nimmo MA, Clemes SA. Cross-sectional surveillance study to phenotype lorry drivers' sedentary behaviours, physical activity and cardio-metabolic health. BMJ Open 2017. [PMID: 28637722 PMCID: PMC5577867 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-013162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Elevated risk factors for a number of chronic diseases have been identified in lorry drivers. Unhealthy lifestyle behaviours such as a lack of physical activity (PA) and high levels of sedentary behaviour (sitting) likely contribute to this elevated risk. This study behaviourally phenotyped UK lorry drivers' sedentary and non-sedentary behaviours during workdays and non-workdays and examined markers of drivers cardio-metabolic health. SETTING A transport company from the East Midlands, UK. PARTICIPANTS A sample of 159 male heavy goods vehicle drivers (91% white European; (median (range)) age: 50 (24, 67) years) completed the health assessments. 87 (age: 50.0 (25.0, 65.0); body mass index (BMI): 27.7 (19.6, 43.4) kg/m2) provided objective information on sedentary and non-sedentary time. OUTCOMES Participants self-reported their sociodemographic information. Primary outcomes: sedentary behaviour and PA, assessed over 7 days using an activPAL3 inclinometer. Cardio-metabolic markers included: blood pressure (BP), heart rate, waist circumference (WC), hip circumference, body composition and fasted capillary blood glucose, triglycerides, high-density lipopreotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and total cholesterol (TC) levels. These cardio-metabolic markers were treated as secondary outcomes. RESULTS Lorry drivers presented an unhealthy cardio-metabolic health profile (median (IQR) systolic BP: 129 (108.5, 164) mm Hg; diastolic BP: 81 (63, 104) mm Hg; BMI: 29 (20, 47) kg/m2; WC: 102 (77.5, 146.5) cm; LDL-C: 3 (1, 6) mmol/L; TC: 4.9 (3, 7.5) mmol/L). 84% were overweight or obese, 43% had type 2 diabetes or prediabetes and 34% had the metabolic syndrome. The subsample of lorry drivers with objective postural data (n=87) accumulated 13 hours/day and 8 hours/day of sedentary behaviour on workdays and non-workdays (p<0.001), respectively. On average, drivers accrued 12 min/day on workdays and 6 min/day on non-workdays of moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA). CONCLUSION Lorry drivers demonstrate a high-risk cardio-metabolic profile and are highly sedentary and physically inactive. Interventions to reduce sitting and increase MVPA during breaks and leisure time to improve cardio-metabolic health are urgently needed. Educational programmes to raise awareness about diet and exercise are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Varela-Mato
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
- Lifestyle and Physical Activity Biomedical Research Unit, NIHR Leicester-Loughborough Diet, Loughborough, UK
| | - Orlagh O’Shea
- Centre for Health and Rehabilitation Technologies, Institute for Nursing and Health Research, Ulster University, Newtownabbey, UK
| | - James A King
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
- Lifestyle and Physical Activity Biomedical Research Unit, NIHR Leicester-Loughborough Diet, Loughborough, UK
| | - Thomas Yates
- Lifestyle and Physical Activity Biomedical Research Unit, NIHR Leicester-Loughborough Diet, Loughborough, UK
- Leicester Diabetes Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - David J Stensel
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
- Lifestyle and Physical Activity Biomedical Research Unit, NIHR Leicester-Loughborough Diet, Loughborough, UK
| | - Stuart JH Biddle
- Institute of Sport, Exercise & Active Living (ISEAL), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Myra A Nimmo
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Stacy A Clemes
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
- Lifestyle and Physical Activity Biomedical Research Unit, NIHR Leicester-Loughborough Diet, Loughborough, UK
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Thiese MS, Hanowski RJ, Kales SN, Porter RJ, Moffitt G, Hu N, Hegmann KT. Multiple Conditions Increase Preventable Crash Risks Among Truck Drivers in a Cohort Study. J Occup Environ Med 2017; 59:205-211. [PMID: 28079676 PMCID: PMC5293661 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000000937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to quantify the crash risk for truck drivers with multiple comorbid medical conditions, after adjusting for confounders. METHODS This retrospective cohort of 38,184 drivers evaluated concomitant medical conditions and subsequent crash data between January 1, 2005, and October 31, 2012. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated for any cause and preventable crashes of varying severity. RESULTS Drivers with three or more medical conditions had a significantly increased risk of preventable Department of Transportation (DOT) reportable crashes (HR = 2.53, 95% CI = 1.65 to 3.88) and preventable crashes with injuries (HR = 2.23, 95% CI = 1.09 to 5.31) after adjustment for covariates. Similarly, adjusted HRs were 2.55 (95% CI = 1.37 to 4.73) for any cause DOT-reportable crashes and 3.21 (95% CI = 1.18 to 8.75) for any cause crashes with injuries. CONCLUSIONS Having three concomitant medical conditions may be a statistically significant risk factor for preventable and any cause DOT-reportable crashes and crashes with injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S. Thiese
- The Rocky Mountain Center for Occupational & Environment Health, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Richard J. Hanowski
- Center for Truck and Bus Safety, Virginia Tech Transportation Institute, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Stefanos N. Kales
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, Occupational Medicine, Cambridge Health Alliance/Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Richard J. Porter
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Gary Moffitt
- Arkansas Occupational Health Clinic, Springdale, Arkansas, USA
| | - Nan Hu
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Kurt T. Hegmann
- The Rocky Mountain Center for Occupational & Environment Health, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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Elshamly AF, El-Hakim RA, Afify HA. Factors Affecting Accidents Risks among Truck Drivers In Egypt. MATEC WEB OF CONFERENCES 2017; 124:04009. [DOI: 10.1051/matecconf/201712404009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Ronna BB, Thiese MS, Ott U, Effiong A, Murtaugh M, Kapellusch J, Garg A, Hegmann K. The Association Between Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors and Motor Vehicle Crashes Among Professional Truck Drivers. J Occup Environ Med 2016; 58:828-32. [PMID: 27414010 PMCID: PMC4980233 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000000806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study assesses relationships between the Framingham cardiovascular disease risk (CVD risk) score and prevalence of US Department of Transportation (DOT)-reportable crashes in commercial motor vehicle (CMV) drivers, after controlling for potential confounders. METHODS Data were analyzed from CMV drivers (N = 797) in a large cross-sectional study. CVD risk was calculated for each driver. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) between CVD risk and DOT-reportable crashes were calculated. RESULTS Drivers in the two highest CVD risk groups had significantly higher likelihood of crash (OR = 2.08, 95% CI = 1.20 to 3.63 and OR = 1.99, 95% CI = 1.05 to 3.77, respectively) after adjusting for confounders. There was a significant trend of increasing prevalence of crashes with an increasing CVD risk score (P = 0.0298). CONCLUSION Drivers with a high CVD risk had a higher likelihood of a crash after controlling for confounders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenden B Ronna
- Rocky Mountain Center for Occupational and Environmental Health, Department of Family & Preventive Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (Mr Ronna, Drs Thiese, Ott, Effiong, Murtaugh, Hegmann), and Department of Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering, Center for Ergonomics, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (Drs Kapellusch, Garg)
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Greenfield R, Busink E, Wong CP, Riboli-Sasco E, Greenfield G, Majeed A, Car J, Wark PA. Truck drivers' perceptions on wearable devices and health promotion: a qualitative study. BMC Public Health 2016; 16:677. [PMID: 27475984 PMCID: PMC4967500 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-3323-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Professional truck drivers, as other shift workers, have been identified as a high-risk group for various health conditions including cardiovascular disease, obesity, diabetes, sleep apnoea and stress. Mobile health technologies can potentially improve the health and wellbeing of people with a sedentary lifestyle such as truck drivers. Yet, only a few studies on health promotion interventions related to mobile health technologies for truck drivers have been conducted. We aimed to explore professional truck drivers’ views on health promotion delivered via mobile health technologies such as wearable devices. Methods We conducted a phenomenological qualitative study, consisting of four semi-structured focus groups with 34 full-time professional truck drivers in the UK. The focus groups were audio-taped, transcribed verbatim and analysed using thematic content analysis. We discussed drivers’ perceptions of their health, lifestyle and work environment, and their past experience and expectations from mobile health technologies. Results The participants viewed their lifestyle as unhealthy and were aware of possible consequences. They expressed the need and wish to change their lifestyle, yet perceived it as an inherent, unavoidable outcome of their occupation. Current health improvement initiatives were not always aligned with their working conditions. The participants were generally willing to use mobile health technologies such as wearable devices, as a preventive measure to avoid prospect morbidity, particularly cardiovascular diseases. They were ambivalent about privacy and the risk of their employer’s monitoring their clinical data. Conclusions Wearable devices may offer new possibilities for improving the health and wellbeing of truck drivers. Drivers were aware of their unhealthy lifestyle. They were interested in changing their lifestyle and health. Drivers raised concerns regarding being continuously monitored by their employer. Health improvement initiatives should be aligned with the unique working conditions of truck drivers. Future research is needed to examine the impact of wearable devices on improving the health and wellbeing of professional drivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rama Greenfield
- Global eHealth Unit, Department of Primary Care and Public Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, The Reynolds Building, St Dunstan's Road, London, W6 8RP, UK
| | - Ellen Busink
- Global eHealth Unit, Department of Primary Care and Public Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, The Reynolds Building, St Dunstan's Road, London, W6 8RP, UK
| | - Cybele P Wong
- Global eHealth Unit, Department of Primary Care and Public Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, The Reynolds Building, St Dunstan's Road, London, W6 8RP, UK
| | - Eva Riboli-Sasco
- Global eHealth Unit, Department of Primary Care and Public Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, The Reynolds Building, St Dunstan's Road, London, W6 8RP, UK
| | - Geva Greenfield
- Global eHealth Unit, Department of Primary Care and Public Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, The Reynolds Building, St Dunstan's Road, London, W6 8RP, UK
| | - Azeem Majeed
- Global eHealth Unit, Department of Primary Care and Public Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, The Reynolds Building, St Dunstan's Road, London, W6 8RP, UK
| | - Josip Car
- Global eHealth Unit, Department of Primary Care and Public Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, The Reynolds Building, St Dunstan's Road, London, W6 8RP, UK.,Health Services and Outcomes Research Programme, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Imperial College & Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Petra A Wark
- Global eHealth Unit, Department of Primary Care and Public Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, The Reynolds Building, St Dunstan's Road, London, W6 8RP, UK.
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Olson R, Wipfli B, Thompson SV, Elliot DL, Anger WK, Bodner T, Hammer LB, Perrin NA. Weight Control Intervention for Truck Drivers: The SHIFT Randomized Controlled Trial, United States. Am J Public Health 2016; 106:1698-706. [PMID: 27463067 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2016.303262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effectiveness of the Safety and Health Involvement For Truckers (SHIFT) intervention with a randomized controlled design. METHODS The multicomponent intervention was a weight-loss competition supported with body weight and behavioral self-monitoring, computer-based training, and motivational interviewing. We evaluated intervention effectiveness with a cluster-randomized design involving 22 terminals from 5 companies in the United States in 2012 to 2014. Companies were required to provide interstate transportation services and operate at least 2 larger terminals. We randomly assigned terminals to intervention or usual practice control conditions. We assessed participating drivers (n = 452) at baseline and 6 months. RESULTS In an intent-to-treat analysis, the postintervention difference between groups in mean body mass index change was 1.00 kilograms per meters squared (P < .001; intervention = -0.73; control = +0.27). Behavioral changes included statistically significant improvements in fruit and vegetable consumption and physical activity. CONCLUSIONS Results establish the effectiveness of a multicomponent and remotely administered intervention for producing significant weight loss among commercial truck drivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Olson
- Ryan Olson, Brad Wipfli, Sharon V. Thompson, W. Kent Anger and Leslie B. Hammer are with Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland. Todd Bodner is with the Department of Psychology, Portland State University, Portland. Diane L. Elliot is with Division of Health Promotion and Sports Medicine, OHSU. Nancy A. Perrin is with Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, OR
| | - Brad Wipfli
- Ryan Olson, Brad Wipfli, Sharon V. Thompson, W. Kent Anger and Leslie B. Hammer are with Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland. Todd Bodner is with the Department of Psychology, Portland State University, Portland. Diane L. Elliot is with Division of Health Promotion and Sports Medicine, OHSU. Nancy A. Perrin is with Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, OR
| | - Sharon V Thompson
- Ryan Olson, Brad Wipfli, Sharon V. Thompson, W. Kent Anger and Leslie B. Hammer are with Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland. Todd Bodner is with the Department of Psychology, Portland State University, Portland. Diane L. Elliot is with Division of Health Promotion and Sports Medicine, OHSU. Nancy A. Perrin is with Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, OR
| | - Diane L Elliot
- Ryan Olson, Brad Wipfli, Sharon V. Thompson, W. Kent Anger and Leslie B. Hammer are with Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland. Todd Bodner is with the Department of Psychology, Portland State University, Portland. Diane L. Elliot is with Division of Health Promotion and Sports Medicine, OHSU. Nancy A. Perrin is with Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, OR
| | - W Kent Anger
- Ryan Olson, Brad Wipfli, Sharon V. Thompson, W. Kent Anger and Leslie B. Hammer are with Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland. Todd Bodner is with the Department of Psychology, Portland State University, Portland. Diane L. Elliot is with Division of Health Promotion and Sports Medicine, OHSU. Nancy A. Perrin is with Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, OR
| | - Todd Bodner
- Ryan Olson, Brad Wipfli, Sharon V. Thompson, W. Kent Anger and Leslie B. Hammer are with Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland. Todd Bodner is with the Department of Psychology, Portland State University, Portland. Diane L. Elliot is with Division of Health Promotion and Sports Medicine, OHSU. Nancy A. Perrin is with Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, OR
| | - Leslie B Hammer
- Ryan Olson, Brad Wipfli, Sharon V. Thompson, W. Kent Anger and Leslie B. Hammer are with Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland. Todd Bodner is with the Department of Psychology, Portland State University, Portland. Diane L. Elliot is with Division of Health Promotion and Sports Medicine, OHSU. Nancy A. Perrin is with Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, OR
| | - Nancy A Perrin
- Ryan Olson, Brad Wipfli, Sharon V. Thompson, W. Kent Anger and Leslie B. Hammer are with Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland. Todd Bodner is with the Department of Psychology, Portland State University, Portland. Diane L. Elliot is with Division of Health Promotion and Sports Medicine, OHSU. Nancy A. Perrin is with Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, OR
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Chen GX, Fang Y, Guo F, Hanowski RJ. The influence of daily sleep patterns of commercial truck drivers on driving performance. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2016; 91:55-63. [PMID: 26954762 PMCID: PMC4828254 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2016.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Revised: 12/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Fatigued and drowsy driving has been found to be a major cause of truck crashes. Lack of sleep is the number one cause of fatigue and drowsiness. However, there are limited data on the sleep patterns (sleep duration, sleep percentage in the duration of non-work period, and the time when sleep occurred) of truck drivers in non-work periods and the impact on driving performance. This paper examined sleep patterns of 96 commercial truck drivers during non-work periods and evaluated the influence these sleep patterns had on truck driving performance. Data were from the Naturalistic Truck Driving Study. Each driver participated in the study for approximately four weeks. A shift was defined as a non-work period followed by a work period. A total of 1397 shifts were identified. Four distinct sleep patterns were identified based on sleep duration, sleep start/end point in a non-work period, and the percentage of sleep with reference to the duration of non-work period. Driving performance was measured by safety-critical events, which included crashes, near-crashes, crash-relevant conflicts, and unintentional lane deviations. Negative binomial regression was used to evaluate the association between the sleep patterns and driving performance, adjusted for driver demographic information. The results showed that the sleep pattern with the highest safety-critical event rate was associated with shorter sleep, sleep in the early stage of a non-work period, and less sleep between 1 a.m. and 5 a.m. This study also found that male drivers, with fewer years of commercial vehicle driving experience and higher body mass index, were associated with deteriorated driving performance and increased driving risk. The results of this study could inform hours-of-service policy-making and benefit safety management in the trucking industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Xiang Chen
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Safety Research, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505, United States.
| | - Youjia Fang
- Virginia Tech Transportation Institute, Virginia Tech, 3500 Transportation Research Dr., Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States.
| | - Feng Guo
- Virginia Tech Transportation Institute, Virginia Tech, 3500 Transportation Research Dr., Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States; Department of Statistics, Virginia Tech, 406A Hutcheson Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States.
| | - Richard J Hanowski
- Virginia Tech Transportation Institute, Virginia Tech, 3500 Transportation Research Dr., Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States.
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