1
|
Xu Y, Pan Y, Li L, Zhou M. Dually Labeled Biomolecules for Characterizing Biotinylated Species through Competitive Binding Reactions. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:32591-32596. [PMID: 33376896 PMCID: PMC7758948 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c04877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The capability of biotinylated molecules to bind streptavidin may be a more functional measure of the success of target biotinylation than titration of total bound biotins per molecule. It was demonstrated that the binding capability could be assessed by a competitive assay, in which a biotinylated antibody (BA) (or protein, ligand, receptor etc.) of interest competed with a reference antibody (or a protein) dually labeled with biotin and electrochemiluminescence (ECL) moieties for the binding sites of streptavidin coated on the surface of magnetic beads. Inversely related to the ECL signal, the binding capability of a biotinylated antibody can be reproducibly evaluated by multiple sets of easily acquired data series rather than by a single measurement. This method can be employed in an ordinary laboratory with an automated ECL analyzer or other readout instruments for routine characterization of any biotinylated species, such as proteins, ligands, receptors, and polypeptides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xu
- College
of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P. R. China
| | - Yuli Pan
- Shenzhen
Lifotronic Technology Co., Ltd., 1008 Songbai Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P. R. China
| | - Lingnuo Li
- Accucise
Diagnostics Inc., Gaoxinqi
Industrial Park, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518101, P. R. China
| | - Ming Zhou
- Shenzhen
Lifotronic Technology Co., Ltd., 1008 Songbai Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P. R. China
- Accucise
Diagnostics Inc., Gaoxinqi
Industrial Park, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518101, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Biotin oligonucleotide labeling reactions: A method to assess their effectiveness and reproducibility. Anal Biochem 2020; 593:113590. [PMID: 31962102 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2020.113590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The strong molecular interaction between biotin and streptavidin is widely used in the growing field of nucleic acid nanotechnology. Several biotin labeled oligonucleotide tools have been developed for the detection of biological molecules as well as for protein purification. For these reasons, biotinylation can be considered one of the main chemical reactions for nucleic acid labeling. However, despite its widespread application and the presence on the market of many reagents for the conjugation of biotin to oligonucleotides, it is not yet available a cheap, easy and sensitive system able to assess the effectiveness and reproducibility of this reaction. Here, we present an accurate and reliable method to achieve a qualitative and quantitative analysis of oligonucleotide biotinylation. The protocol employs basic laboratory instruments and standard software for molecular biology applications and does not require advanced expertise for its execution. Most importantly, our method is independent from complex kinetic equilibrium parameters and shows a limit of detection more than one order of magnitude lower than the current fluorometric gold standard assay. Therefore, this method could become a standard, inexpensive and routinely used quality test for post-synthesis evaluation of biotin conjugation reactions.
Collapse
|
3
|
Delgadillo RF, Mueser TC, Zaleta-Rivera K, Carnes KA, González-Valdez J, Parkhurst LJ. Detailed characterization of the solution kinetics and thermodynamics of biotin, biocytin and HABA binding to avidin and streptavidin. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0204194. [PMID: 30818336 PMCID: PMC6394990 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The high affinity (KD ~ 10−15 M) of biotin for avidin and streptavidin is the essential component in a multitude of bioassays with many experiments using biotin modifications to invoke coupling. Equilibration times suggested for these assays assume that the association rate constant (kon) is approximately diffusion limited (109 M-1s-1) but recent single molecule and surface binding studies indicate that they are slower than expected (105 to 107 M-1s-1). In this study, we asked whether these reactions in solution are diffusion controlled, which reaction model and thermodynamic cycle describes the complex formation, and if there are any functional differences between avidin and streptavidin. We have studied the biotin association by two stopped-flow methodologies using labeled and unlabeled probes: I) fluorescent probes attached to biotin and biocytin; and II) unlabeled biotin and HABA, 2-(4’-hydroxyazobenzene)-benzoic acid. Both native avidin and streptavidin are homo-tetrameric and the association data show no cooperativity between the binding sites. The kon values of streptavidin are faster than avidin but slower than expected for a diffusion limited reaction in both complexes. Moreover, the Arrhenius plots of the kon values revealed strong temperature dependence with large activation energies (6–15 kcal/mol) that do not correspond to a diffusion limited process (3–4 kcal/mol). Accordingly, we propose a simple reaction model with a single transition state for non-immobilized reactants whose forward thermodynamic parameters complete the thermodynamic cycle, in agreement with previously reported studies. Our new understanding and description of the kinetics, thermodynamics, and spectroscopic parameters for these complexes will help to improve purification efficiencies, molecule detection, and drug screening assays or find new applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto F. Delgadillo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska—Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, United States of America
- * E-mail: (RFD); (LJP)
| | - Timothy C. Mueser
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Kathia Zaleta-Rivera
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Katie A. Carnes
- GlaxoSmithKline, Medicinal Science and Technology, R&D, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - José González-Valdez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Science, NL, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Lawrence J. Parkhurst
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska—Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, United States of America
- * E-mail: (RFD); (LJP)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wen CY, Tang M, Hu J, Wu LL, Pang DW, Zeng JB, Li XY. Determination of the Absolute Number Concentration of Nanoparticles and the Active Affinity Sites on Their Surfaces. Anal Chem 2016; 88:10134-10142. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b02613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cong-Ying Wen
- College
of Science, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, Shandong 266580, P. R. China
- Key
Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry
of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, P. R. China
| | - Man Tang
- Key
Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry
of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, P. R. China
| | - Jiao Hu
- Key
Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry
of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, P. R. China
| | - Ling-Ling Wu
- Key
Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry
of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, P. R. China
| | - Dai-Wen Pang
- Key
Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry
of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, P. R. China
| | - Jing-Bin Zeng
- College
of Science, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, Shandong 266580, P. R. China
| | - Xi-You Li
- College
of Science, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, Shandong 266580, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hu J, Wen CY, Zhang ZL, Xie M, Xie HY, Pang DW. Recognition kinetics of biomolecules at the surface of different-sized spheres. Biophys J 2015; 107:165-73. [PMID: 24988351 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2014.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Revised: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bead-based assay is widely used in many bioanalytical applications involving the attachment of proteins and other biomolecules to the surface. For further understanding of the formation of a sphere-biomolecule complex and easily optimizing the use of spheres in targeted biological applications, it is necessary to know the kinetics of the binding reaction at sphere/solution interface. In our presented work, a simple fluorescence analysis method was employed to measure the kinetics for the binding of biotin to sphere surface-bound FITC-SA, based on the fact that the fluorescence intensity of FITC was proportionally enhanced by increasing the binding amount of biotin. By monitoring the time-dependent changes of FITC fluorescence, it was found that the binding rate constant of biotin to sphere surface-immobilized FITC-SA was much smaller than that of biotin to freely diffusing FITC-SA. This can be attributed to the decreased encounter frequency of the reaction pair, restricted motion of the attached biomolecule, and the weakened steric accessibility of the binding site. These factors would become more obvious when increasing the size of the sphere upon which the FITC-SA was immobilized. Additionally, the effect of nanoparticles on the diffusion-controlled bimolecular binding reaction was more evident than that on the chemical recognition-controlled binding reaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Hu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, and State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P. R. China; National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Cong-Ying Wen
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, and State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Ling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, and State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Min Xie
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, and State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Hai-Yan Xie
- School of Life Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Dai-Wen Pang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, and State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P. R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Buranda T, Wu Y, Sklar LA. Chapter 11. Subsecond analyses of G-protein coupled-receptor ternary complex dynamics by rapid mix flow cytometry. Methods Enzymol 2009; 461:227-47. [PMID: 19480922 PMCID: PMC4476792 DOI: 10.1016/s0076-6879(09)05411-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2024]
Abstract
The binding of full and partial agonist ligands (L) to G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) initiates the formation of ternary complexes with G-proteins (LRG complexes). We describe the assembly of detergent-solubilized LRG complexes on beads. Rapid mix flow cytometry is used to analyze the subsecond dynamics of guanine nucleotide-mediated ternary complex disassembly. Ternary complexes were assembled with three formyl peptide receptor constructs (wild type, FPR-Galpha(i2) fusion, and FPR-GFP fusion) and two isotypes of the alpha subunit (alpha(i2) and alpha(i3)) and betagamma dimer (beta(i)(1)gamma(2) and beta(4)gamma(2)). Experimental evidence suggests that thermodynamic stability of ternary complexes depends on subunit isotype. Comparison of assemblies derived from the three constructs of FPR and G-protein heterotrimers composed of the available subunit isotypes demonstrate that the fast step is associated with the separation of receptor and G-protein and that the dissociation of the ligand or of the alpha and betagamma subunits was slower. These results are compatible with a cell activation model involving G-protein conformational changes rather than disassembly of Galphabetagamma heterotrimer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tione Buranda
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Center, University of New Mexico Health Science Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Biosensors based on release of compounds upon disruption of lipid bilayers supported on porous microspheres. Biointerphases 2008; 3:38. [DOI: 10.1116/1.2918743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
|
8
|
Fluorometric assay for quantitation of biotin covalently attached to proteins and nucleic acids. Biotechniques 2007; 43:503-7. [DOI: 10.2144/000112564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
As a component of the (strept)avidin affinity system, biotin is often covalently linked to proteins or nucleic acids. We describe here a microplate-based high-throughput fluorometric assay for biotin linked to either proteins or nucleic acids based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). This assay utilizes a complex of Alexa Fluor® 488 dye-labeled avidin with a quencher dye, 2-(4′-hydroxyazobenzene) benzoic acid (HABA), occupying the biotin binding sites of the avidin. In the absence of biotin, HABA quenches the fluorescence emission of the Alexa Fluor 488 dyes via FRET. HABA is displaced when biotin binds to the Alexa Fluor 488 dye-labeled avidin, resulting in decreased FRET efficiency. This mechanism results in an increase in fluorescence intensity directly related to the amount of biotin present in the sample. The assay is able to detect as little as 4 pmol biotin in a 0.1 mL volume within 15 min of adding sample to the reagent, with a Z-factor >0.9.
Collapse
|
9
|
Buranda T, Waller A, Wu Y, Simons PC, Biggs S, Prossnitz ER, Sklar LA. Some mechanistic insights into GPCR activation from detergent-solubilized ternary complexes on beads. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY 2007; 74:95-135. [PMID: 17854656 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-3233(07)74003-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The binding of full and partial agonist ligands (L) to G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) initiates the formation of ternary complexes with G proteins [ligand-receptor-G protein (LRG) complexes]. Cyclic ternary complex models are required to account for the thermodynamically plausible complexes. It has recently become possible to assemble solubilized formyl peptide receptor (FPR) and beta(2)-adrenergic receptor (beta(2)AR) ternary complexes for flow cytometric bead-based assays. In these systems, soluble ternary complex formation of the receptors with G proteins allows direct quantitative measurements which can be analyzed in terms of three-dimensional concentrations (molarity). In contrast to the difficulty of analyzing comparable measurements in two-dimensional membrane systems, the output of these flow cytometric experiments can be analyzed via ternary complex simulations in which all of the parameters can be estimated. An outcome from such analysis yielded lower affinity for soluble ternary complex assembly by partial agonists compared with full agonists for the beta(2)AR. In the four-sided ternary complex model, this behavior is consistent with distinct ligand-induced conformational states for full and partial agonists. Rapid mix flow cytometry is used to analyze the subsecond dynamics of guanine nucleotide-mediated ternary complex disassembly. The modular breakup of ternary complex components is highlighted by the finding that the fastest step involves the departure of the ligand-activated GPCR from the intact G protein heterotrimer. The data also show that, under these experimental conditions, G protein subunit dissociation does not occur within the time frame relevant to signaling. The data and concepts are discussed in the context of a review of current literature on signaling mechanism based on structural and spectroscopic (FRET) studies of ternary complex components.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tione Buranda
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Center, University of New Mexico Health Science Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Choi J, Lee JI, Lee YB, Hong JH, Kim IS, Park YK, Hur NH. Immobilization of biomolecules on biotinylated magnetic ferrite nanoparticles. Chem Phys Lett 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2006.06.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|