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Ruiz-Meana M, Bou-Teen D, Ferdinandy P, Gyongyosi M, Pesce M, Perrino C, Schulz R, Sluijter JPG, Tocchetti CG, Thum T, Madonna R. Cardiomyocyte ageing and cardioprotection: consensus document from the ESC working groups cell biology of the heart and myocardial function. Cardiovasc Res 2020; 116:1835-1849. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvaa132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Advanced age is a major predisposing risk factor for the incidence of coronary syndromes and comorbid conditions which impact the heart response to cardioprotective interventions. Advanced age also significantly increases the risk of developing post-ischaemic adverse remodelling and heart failure after ischaemia/reperfusion (IR) injury. Some of the signalling pathways become defective or attenuated during ageing, whereas others with well-known detrimental consequences, such as glycoxidation or proinflammatory pathways, are exacerbated. The causative mechanisms responsible for all these changes are yet to be elucidated and are a matter of active research. Here, we review the current knowledge about the pathophysiology of cardiac ageing that eventually impacts on the increased susceptibility of cells to IR injury and can affect the efficiency of cardioprotective strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisol Ruiz-Meana
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-CV, CIBER-CV, Madrid, Spain
| | - Diana Bou-Teen
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-CV, CIBER-CV, Madrid, Spain
| | - Péter Ferdinandy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Mariann Gyongyosi
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Maurizio Pesce
- Unità di Ingegneria Tissutale Cardiovascolare, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Cinzia Perrino
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Rainer Schulz
- Institute of Physiology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Joost P G Sluijter
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Circulatory Health Laboratory, Regenerative Medicine Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Carlo G Tocchetti
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Interdepartmental Center of Clinical and Translational Sciences (CIRCET), Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Thomas Thum
- Institute for Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Rosalinda Madonna
- Institute of Cardiology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical School in Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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2
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Isenberg JS, Roberts DD. The role of CD47 in pathogenesis and treatment of renal ischemia reperfusion injury. Pediatr Nephrol 2019; 34:2479-2494. [PMID: 30392076 PMCID: PMC6677644 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-018-4123-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Ischemia reperfusion (IR) injury is a process defined by the temporary loss of blood flow and tissue perfusion followed later by restoration of the same. Brief periods of IR can be tolerated with little permanent deficit, but sensitivity varies for different target cells and tissues. Ischemia reperfusion injuries have multiple causes including peripheral vascular disease and surgical interventions that disrupt soft tissue and organ perfusion as occurs in general and reconstructive surgery. Ischemia reperfusion injury is especially prominent in organ transplantation where substantial effort has been focused on protecting the transplanted organ from the consequences of IR. A number of factors mediate IR injury including the production of reactive oxygen species and inflammatory cell infiltration and activation. In the kidney, IR injury is a major cause of acute injury and secondary loss of renal function. Transplant-initiated renal IR is also a stimulus for innate and adaptive immune-mediated transplant dysfunction. The cell surface molecule CD47 negatively modulates cell and tissue responses to stress through limitation of specific homeostatic pathways and initiation of cell death pathways. Herein, a summary of the maladaptive activities of renal CD47 will be considered as well as the possible therapeutic benefit of interfering with CD47 to limit renal IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey S. Isenberg
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - David D. Roberts
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, Corresponding author: David D. Roberts, , 301-480-4368
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3
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Vu TT, Marquez J, Le LT, Nguyen ATT, Kim HK, Han J. The role of decorin in cardiovascular diseases: more than just a decoration. Free Radic Res 2018; 52:1210-1219. [PMID: 30468093 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2018.1516285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Decorin (DCN) is a proteoglycan constituent of the extracellular matrix (ECM) possessing powerful antifibrotic, anti-inflammation, antioxidant, and antiangiogenic properties. By attaching to receptors in the cell surface or to several ECM molecules, it regulates plenty of cellular functions, consequently influencing cell differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis. These processes are dependent on cell types, biological contexts, and interfere with pathological processes such as cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we briefly discuss the potential of DCN targeting in addressing cardiovascular diseases (CVD). We dive into its interactome and discuss how its interaction with the proteins can affect disease progression, and how DCN can be a possible target for CVD therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thu Thi Vu
- a Faculty of Biology, National Key Laboratory of Enzyme and Protein Technology , VNU University of Science , Hanoi , Vietnam
| | - Jubert Marquez
- b National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Physiology, BK21 Plus Project Team, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center , College of Medicine, Inje University , Busan , Korea.,c National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, BK21 Plus Project Team, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center , College of Medicine, Inje University , Busan , Korea
| | - Long Thanh Le
- b National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Physiology, BK21 Plus Project Team, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center , College of Medicine, Inje University , Busan , Korea.,c National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, BK21 Plus Project Team, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center , College of Medicine, Inje University , Busan , Korea
| | - Anh Thi Tuyet Nguyen
- b National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Physiology, BK21 Plus Project Team, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center , College of Medicine, Inje University , Busan , Korea.,c National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, BK21 Plus Project Team, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center , College of Medicine, Inje University , Busan , Korea
| | - Hyoung Kyu Kim
- b National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Physiology, BK21 Plus Project Team, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center , College of Medicine, Inje University , Busan , Korea.,c National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, BK21 Plus Project Team, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center , College of Medicine, Inje University , Busan , Korea.,d Department of Integrated Biomedical Science , College of Medicine, Inje University , Busan , Korea
| | - Jin Han
- b National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Physiology, BK21 Plus Project Team, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center , College of Medicine, Inje University , Busan , Korea.,c National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, BK21 Plus Project Team, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center , College of Medicine, Inje University , Busan , Korea
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4
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Thu VT, Kim HK, Long LT, Thuy TT, Huy NQ, Kim SH, Kim N, Ko KS, Rhee BD, Han J. NecroX-5 exerts anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects via modulation of the TNFα/Dcn/TGFβ1/Smad2 pathway in hypoxia/reoxygenation-treated rat hearts. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2016; 20:305-14. [PMID: 27162485 PMCID: PMC4860373 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2016.20.3.305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory and fibrotic responses are accelerated during the reperfusion period, and excessive fibrosis and inflammation contribute to cardiac malfunction. NecroX compounds have been shown to protect the liver and heart from ischemia-reperfusion injury. The aim of this study was to further define the role and mechanism of action of NecroX-5 in regulating infl ammation and fi brosis responses in a model of hypoxia/reoxygenation (HR). We utilized HR-treated rat hearts and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated H9C2 culture cells in the presence or absence of NecroX-5 (10 µmol/L) treatment as experimental models. Addition of NecroX-5 signifi cantly increased decorin (Dcn) expression levels in HR-treated hearts. In contrast, expression of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFβ1) and Smad2 phosphorylation (pSmad2) was strongly attenuated in NecroX-5-treated hearts. In addition, signifi cantly increased production of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), TGFβ1, and pSmad2, and markedly decreased Dcn expression levels, were observed in LPS-stimulated H9C2 cells. Interestingly, NecroX-5 supplementation effectively attenuated the increased expression levels of TNFα, TGFβ1, and pSmad2, as well as the decreased expression of Dcn. Thus, our data demonstrate potential antiinflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects of NecroX-5 against cardiac HR injuries via modulation of the TNFα/Dcn/TGFβ1/Smad2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vu Thi Thu
- National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Physiology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, BK21 Project Team, College of Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan 47392, Korea.; VNU University of Science, Hanoi 120036, Vietnam
| | - Hyoung Kyu Kim
- National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Physiology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, BK21 Project Team, College of Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan 47392, Korea.; Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan 47392, Korea
| | - Le Thanh Long
- National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Physiology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, BK21 Project Team, College of Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan 47392, Korea
| | | | | | - Soon Ha Kim
- Product Strategy and Development, LG Life Sciences Ltd., Seoul 03184, Korea
| | - Nari Kim
- National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Physiology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, BK21 Project Team, College of Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan 47392, Korea
| | - Kyung Soo Ko
- National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Physiology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, BK21 Project Team, College of Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan 47392, Korea
| | - Byoung Doo Rhee
- National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Physiology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, BK21 Project Team, College of Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan 47392, Korea
| | - Jin Han
- National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Physiology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, BK21 Project Team, College of Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan 47392, Korea
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5
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Kim EH, Galchev VI, Kim JY, Misek SA, Stevenson TK, Campbell MD, Pagani FD, Day SM, Johnson TC, Washburn JG, Vikstrom KL, Michele DE, Misek DE, Westfall MV. Differential protein expression and basal lamina remodeling in human heart failure. Proteomics Clin Appl 2016; 10:585-96. [PMID: 26756417 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201500099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE A goal of this study was to identify and investigate previously unrecognized components of the remodeling process in the progression to heart failure by comparing protein expression in ischemic failing (F) and nonfailing (NF) human hearts. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Protein expression differences were investigated using multidimensional protein identification and validated by Western analysis. This approach detected basal lamina (BL) remodeling, and further studies analyzed samples for evidence of structural BL remodeling. A rat model of pressure overload (PO) was studied to determine whether nonischemic stressors also produce BL remodeling and impact cellular adhesion. RESULTS Differential protein expression of collagen IV, laminin α2, and nidogen-1 indicated BL remodeling develops in F versus NF hearts Periodic disruption of cardiac myocyte BL accompanied this process in F, but not NF heart. The rat PO myocardium also developed BL remodeling and compromised myocyte adhesion compared to sham controls. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Differential protein expression and evidence of structural and functional BL alterations develop during heart failure. The compromised adhesion associated with this remodeling indicates a high potential for dysfunctional cellular integrity and tethering in failing myocytes. Therapeutically targeting BL remodeling could slow or prevent the progression of heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn H Kim
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | | | - Sean A Misek
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Tamara K Stevenson
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Matthew D Campbell
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Francis D Pagani
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sharlene M Day
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - T Craig Johnson
- DNA Sequencing and Microarray Facility, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Joseph G Washburn
- DNA Sequencing and Microarray Facility, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Karen L Vikstrom
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Daniel E Michele
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - David E Misek
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Margaret V Westfall
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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6
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Pereg D, Cohen K, Mosseri M, Berlin T, Steinberg DM, Ellis M, Ashur-Fabian O. Incidence and Expression of Circulating Cell Free p53-Related Genes in Acute Myocardial Infarction Patients. J Atheroscler Thromb 2015; 22:981-98. [PMID: 25958931 DOI: 10.5551/jat.29223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The circulating RNA levels are predictive markers in several diseases. We determined the levels of circulating p53-related genes in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), indicating major heart muscle damage. METHODS Plasma RNA was extracted from the patients (n=45) upon their arrival to the hospital (STEMI 0h) and at four hours post-catheterization (STEMI 4h) as well as from controls (n=34). RESULTS Of 18 circulating p53-related genes, nine genes were detectable. A significantly lower incidence of circulating p21 (p < 0.0001), Notch1 (p=0.042) and BTG2 (p < 0.0001) was observed in the STEMI 0h samples in comparison to the STEMI 4h and control samples. Lower expression levels (2.1-fold) of circulating BNIP3L (p=0.011), p21 (3.4-fold, p=0.005) and BTG2 (6.3-fold, p=0.0001) were observed in the STEMI 0h samples in comparison to the STEMI 4h samples, with a 7.4-fold lower BTG2 expression (p < 0.001) and 2.6-fold lower p21 expression (p=0.034) compared to the control samples. Moreover, the BNIP3L expression (borderline significance, p=0.0655) predicted the level of peak troponin, a marker of myocardial infarction. In addition, the BNIP3L levels on admission (p=0.0025), at post-catheterization (p=0.020) and the change between the groups (p=0.0079) were inversely associated with troponin. The BNIP3L (p=0.0139) and p21 levels (p=0.0447) were also associated with a longer time to catheterization. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that circulating downstream targets of p53 are inhibited during severe AMI and subsequently re-expressed after catheterization, uncovering possible novel death-or-survival decisions regarding the fate of p53 in the heart and the potential use of its target genes as prognostic biomarkers for oxygenation normalization.
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7
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Cangemi C, Hansen ML, Argraves WS, Rasmussen LM. Fibulins and their role in cardiovascular biology and disease. Adv Clin Chem 2014; 67:245-65. [PMID: 25735864 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2014.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Fibulins are a group of extracellular matrix proteins of which many are present in high amounts in the cardiovascular system. They share common biochemical properties and are often found in relation to basement membranes or elastic fibers. Observations in humans with specific mutations in fibulin genes, together with results from genetically engineered mice and data from human cardiovascular tissue suggest that the fibulin family of proteins play important functional roles in the cardiovascular system. Moreover, fibulin-1 circulates in high concentrations in plasma and may function as a cardiovascular disease marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Cangemi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Maria Lyck Hansen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - William Scott Argraves
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Lars Melholt Rasmussen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.
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Venkataraman K, Khurana S, Tai TC. Oxidative stress in aging--matters of the heart and mind. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:17897-925. [PMID: 24002027 PMCID: PMC3794759 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140917897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Revised: 08/10/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative damage is considered to be the primary cause of several aging associated disease pathologies. Cumulative oxidative damage tends to be pervasive among cellular macromolecules, impacting proteins, lipids, RNA and DNA of cells. At a systemic level, events subsequent to oxidative damage induce an inflammatory response to sites of oxidative damage, often contributing to additional oxidative stress. At a cellular level, oxidative damage to mitochondria results in acidification of the cytoplasm and release of cytochrome c, causing apoptosis. This review summarizes findings in the literature on oxidative stress and consequent damage on cells and tissues of the cardiovascular system and the central nervous system, with a focus on aging-related diseases that have well-documented evidence of oxidative damage in initiation and/or progression of the disease. The current understanding of the cellular mechanisms with a focus on macromolecular damage, impacted cellular pathways and gross morphological changes associated with oxidative damage is also reviewed. Additionally, the impact of calorific restriction with its profound impact on cardiovascular and neuronal aging is addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnan Venkataraman
- Department of Gerontology, Huntington University, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada; E-Mail:
| | - Sandhya Khurana
- Medical Sciences Division, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada; E-Mail:
| | - T. C. Tai
- Medical Sciences Division, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada; E-Mail:
- Department of Biology, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Biomolecular Sciences Program, Laurentian University, 935 Ramsey Lake Road, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +1-705-662-7239; Fax: +1-705-675-4858
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9
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Della-Morte D, Guadagni F, Palmirotta R, Ferroni P, Testa G, Cacciatore F, Abete P, Rengo F, Perez-Pinzon MA, Sacco RL, Rundek T. Genetics and genomics of ischemic tolerance: focus on cardiac and cerebral ischemic preconditioning. Pharmacogenomics 2013; 13:1741-57. [PMID: 23171338 DOI: 10.2217/pgs.12.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A subthreshold ischemic insult applied to an organ such as the heart and/or brain may help to reduce damage caused by subsequent ischemic episodes. This phenomenon is known as ischemic tolerance mediated by ischemic preconditioning (IPC) and represents the most powerful endogenous mechanism against ischemic injury. Various molecular pathways have been implicated in IPC, and several compounds have been proposed as activators or mediators of IPC. Recently, it has been established that the protective phenotype in response to ischemia depends on a coordinated response at the genomic, molecular, cellular and tissue levels by introducing the concept of 'genomic reprogramming' following IPC. In this article, we sought to review the genetic expression profiles found in cardiac and cerebral IPC studies, describe the differences between young and aged organs in IPC-mediated protection, and discuss the potential therapeutic application of IPC and pharmacological preconditioning based on the genomic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Della-Morte
- Department of Neurology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
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Nishtala K, Phong TQ, Steil L, Sauter M, Salazar MG, Kandolf R, Felix SB, Völker U, Klingel K, Hammer E. Proteomic analyses of age related changes in A.BY/SnJ mouse hearts. Proteome Sci 2013; 11:29. [PMID: 23816347 PMCID: PMC3704963 DOI: 10.1186/1477-5956-11-29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A.BY/SnJ mice are used to study pathological alterations in the heart due to enteroviral infections. Since age is a well-known factor influencing the susceptibility of mice to infection, response to stress and manifestation of cardiovascular diseases, the myocardial proteome of A.BY/SnJ mice aged 1 and 4 months was comparatively studied using two dimensional-differential in-gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Results Complementary analyses by 2D-DIGE and gel-free LC-MS/MS revealed 96 distinct proteins displaying age associated alterations in their levels. Proteins related to protein transport, and transport chain, lipid metabolism and fatty acid transport showed significant changes in 4 months old mouse hearts compared to juvenile hearts. Proteins involved in lipid metabolism and transport were identified at significantly higher levels in older mice and dysregulation of proteins of the respiratory transport chain were observed. Conclusion The current proteomics study discloses age dependent changes occurring in the hearts already in young mice of the strain A.BY/SnJ. Besides alterations in protein transport, we provide evidence that a decrease of ATP synthase in murine hearts starts already in the first months of life, leading to well-known low expression levels manifested in old mice thereby raising the possibility of reduced energy supply. In the first few months of murine life this seems to be compensated by an increased lipid metabolism. The functional alterations described should be considered during experimental setups in disease related studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnatej Nishtala
- Interfakultäres Institut für Genetik und Funktionelle Genomforschung, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Str. 15A, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Truong Quoc Phong
- Interfakultäres Institut für Genetik und Funktionelle Genomforschung, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Str. 15A, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Leif Steil
- Interfakultäres Institut für Genetik und Funktionelle Genomforschung, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Str. 15A, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Martina Sauter
- Abteilung Molekulare Pathologie, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Manuela Gesell Salazar
- Interfakultäres Institut für Genetik und Funktionelle Genomforschung, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Str. 15A, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Reinhard Kandolf
- Abteilung Molekulare Pathologie, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stephan B Felix
- Klinik für Innere Medizin B, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Uwe Völker
- Interfakultäres Institut für Genetik und Funktionelle Genomforschung, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Str. 15A, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Karin Klingel
- Abteilung Molekulare Pathologie, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Elke Hammer
- Interfakultäres Institut für Genetik und Funktionelle Genomforschung, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Str. 15A, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
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11
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Polovkova OG, Makeeva OA, Lezhnev AA, Goncharova IA, Kulish EV, Shipulin VM, Puzyrev VP. Expression profiles of calcineurin pathway genes in myocardium in relation to ischemic heart remodeling in humans. Mol Biol 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893313030102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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12
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Zhong C, Fleming N, Lu X, Moore P, Liu H. Age-associated differences in gene expression in response to delayed anesthetic preconditioning. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2012; 34:1459-1472. [PMID: 22009153 PMCID: PMC3528372 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-011-9322-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2011] [Accepted: 10/05/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Evidence suggests that the protective benefits of anesthetic preconditioning (APC) are significantly attenuated in the aged myocardium. In this study, we investigated the effect of aging on gene expression in delayed APC. Hearts from Fischer 344 rats, age 4 or 24 months, were divided into five groups: control; ischemia/reperfusion (I/R); and delayed APC at 6, 12, and 24 h. Whole-genome array was studied using Affymetrix Rat Genome 230 2.0 array. Data were analyzed for significant ≥2.0-fold changes in gene expression. Microarray results were confirmed by quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Of the 28,000 genes represented on the Affymetrix Rat Genome 230 2.0 Microarray chip, 24 transcripts in 6 h APC, 28 in 12 h APC, and 28 in 24 h APC group displayed significant up-regulation in mRNA levels, and 70 transcripts in 6 h APC, 101 in 12 h APC, and 82 in 24 h APC displayed significant down-regulation in young rat hearts. These altered genes fall into functional categories of cell defense/death, cell structure, gene expression/protein synthesis, inflammatory response/growth/remodeling, and signaling/communication. Although alterations for some genes were in common, the numbers of changed genes in old rats were markedly and consistently lower than the young rats. Twenty-four hour delayed APC also significantly reduced infarct size and improved myocardial left ventricular function in young hearts, effects that were not observed in old rat hearts. We concluded that delayed APC profoundly and differentially affected gene expression profiles of the cardiomyocyte in an age-associated pattern. The impaired genomic response to delayed APC could underlie the loss of the protective benefits of preconditioning in aged hearts.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Zhong
- />Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029 China
| | - N. Fleming
- />Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, 4150 V Street, Suite 1200, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA
| | - X. Lu
- />Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA USA
| | - P. Moore
- />Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, 4150 V Street, Suite 1200, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA
| | - H. Liu
- />Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, 4150 V Street, Suite 1200, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA
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13
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Calcineurin B subunit acts as a potential agent for preventing cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury. Mol Cell Biochem 2012; 370:163-71. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-012-1407-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2012] [Accepted: 07/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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14
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Zeng X, Yang J, Yang X, Hong D, Wu L, Yu J. Effect of Guanxin No.2 decoction on gene expression in different areas of the myocardial infarcted heart of rats using microarray technology. J Pharm Pharmacol 2010. [DOI: 10.1211/jpp.61.02.0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
We have used microarray technology to detect the effect of Guanxin No.2 decoction on gene expression in different areas of the myocardial infarcted heart of rats.
Methods
Male Sprague-Dawley rats (180–200 g) were randomly divided into three groups: sham-operated; coronary artery ligation; and coronary artery ligation plus administration of Guanxin No.2 decoction (10.0 g raw materials/kg per day by gavage). The experiment was carried out on day seven after ligation.
Key findings
We found that the gene expression using microarray technology showed many differences in the border infarcted left ventricular area compared with the remote noninfarcted left ventricular area after administration of Guanxin No.2 decoction.
Conclusions
Guanxin No.2 decoction has a long history in treating ischaemic cardiomyopathy in China, but the molecular mechanism has been unclear. In this study we found that some important genes may have contributed to the cardioprotective effect of Guanxin No.2 decoction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Zeng
- James D Watson Institute of Genome Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Jun Yang
- Institute of Chinese Herb Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Xianzhe Yang
- Institute of Chinese Herb Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Dongsheng Hong
- Institute of Chinese Herb Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Limao Wu
- Institute of Chinese Herb Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Jun Yu
- James D Watson Institute of Genome Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
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15
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Little GH, Saw A, Bai Y, Dow J, Marjoram P, Simkhovich B, Leeka J, Kedes L, Kloner RA, Poizat C. Critical role of nuclear calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IIdeltaB in cardiomyocyte survival in cardiomyopathy. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:24857-68. [PMID: 19602725 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.003186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) plays a central role in cardiac contractility and heart disease. However, the specific role of alternatively spliced variants of CaMKII in cardiac disease and apoptosis remains poorly explored. Here we report that the deltaB subunit of CaMKII (CaMKIIdeltaB), which is the predominant nuclear isoform of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases in heart muscle, acts as an anti-apoptotic factor and is a novel target of the antineoplastic and cardiomyopathic drug doxorubicin (Dox (adriamycin)). Hearts of rats that develop cardiomyopathy following chronic treatment with Dox also show down-regulation of CaMKIIdeltaB mRNA, which correlates with decreased cardiac function in vivo, reduced expression of sarcomeric proteins, and increased tissue damage associated with Dox cardiotoxicity. Overexpression of CaMKIIdeltaB in primary cardiac cells inhibits Dox-mediated apoptosis and prevents the loss of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2. Specific silencing of CaMKIIdeltaB by small interfering RNA prevents the formation of organized sarcomeres and decreases the expression of Bcl-2, which all mimic the effect of Dox. CaMKIIdeltaB is required for GATA-4-mediated co-activation and binding to the Bcl-2 promoter. These results reveal that CaMKIIdeltaB plays an essential role in cardiomyocyte survival and provide a mechanism for the protective role of CaMKIIdeltaB. These results suggest that selective targeting of CaMKII in the nuclear compartment might represent a strategy to regulate cardiac apoptosis and to reduce Dox-mediated cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillian H Little
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA
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16
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Rysä J, Aro J, Ruskoaho H. Early left ventricular gene expression profile in response to increase in blood pressure. Blood Press 2009; 15:375-83. [PMID: 17472029 DOI: 10.1080/08037050601037851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The heart adapts to increased pressure overload by hypertrophic growth of terminally differentiated cardiomyocytes. At the genetic level, the hypertrophic response is characterized by the reprogramming of gene expression, i.e. upregulation of immediate early genes, natriuretic peptide genes and genes encoding structural proteins. In the present study, we characterized the early changes in gene expression with cDNA expression arrays in response to increase in blood pressure produced by arginine8-vasopressin infusion (0.05 microg/kg/min, i.v.) for 30 min and 4 h in conscious normotensive rats. Expression profiling revealed differential expression of 14 genes in the left ventricle, and several novel factors of immediate early genetic response to pressure overload were identified, such as growth arrest and DNA damage inducible protein 45 (GADD45alpha), epidermal fatty acid-binding protein (E-FABP) and Bcl-X. Administration of angiotensin II (Ang II) for 6 h by osmotic minipumps also increased left ventricular GADD45alpha, E-FABP and Bcl-X gene expression. Furthermore, the induction of GADD45alpha and Bcl-X gene expression by Ang II was blocked by angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist losartan. In summary, our analysis provided new insights into the pathogenesis of pressure overload-induced hypertrophy by suggesting the existence of novel regulators of the immediate early gene expression program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaana Rysä
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Finland
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17
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Hutchinson KR, Stewart JA, Lucchesi PA. Extracellular matrix remodeling during the progression of volume overload-induced heart failure. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2009; 48:564-9. [PMID: 19524591 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2009.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2009] [Revised: 05/28/2009] [Accepted: 06/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Volume overload-induced heart failure results in progressive left ventricular remodeling characterized by chamber dilation, eccentric cardiac myocyte hypertrophy and changes in extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling changes. The ECM matrix scaffold is an important determinant of the structural integrity of the myocardium and actively participates in force transmission across the LV wall. In response to this hemodynamic overload, the ECM undergoes a distinct pattern of remodeling that differs from pressure overload. Once thought to be a static entity, the ECM is now regarded to be a highly adaptive structure that is dynamically regulated by mechanical stress, neurohormonal activation, inflammation and oxidative stress, that result in alterations in collagen and other matrix components and a net change in matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) expression and activation. These changes dictate overall ECM turnover during volume overload hear failure progression. This review will discuss the cellular and molecular mechanisms that dictate the temporal patterns of ECM remodeling during heart disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirk R Hutchinson
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
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18
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Simkhovich BZ, Marjoram P, Kleinman MT, Kloner RA. Direct and acute cardiotoxicity of ultrafine particles in young adult and old rat hearts. Basic Res Cardiol 2009; 102:467-75. [PMID: 17932707 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-007-0681-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2007] [Revised: 08/28/2007] [Accepted: 09/17/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Air pollution is associated with significant increases in cardiac morbidity and mortality in the general population. The elderly cohort within the general population is considered at high risk for cardiac diseases. However the degree to which air pollutants affect cardiac responses in old hearts vs. their young adult counterparts has not been systematically addressed. OBJECTIVES We sought to investigate the response of young adult vs. old rat hearts to the direct exposure of ultrafine particles (UFP); i.e. when the UFP are directly instilled into the cardiac vasculature, and their effects are not dependent upon UFP inhalation. METHODS The study was performed in isolated Langendorff-perfused rat hearts obtained from young adult (4 months old) and aged (26 months old) Fisher 344/Brown Norway rats. Two treatment groups (control and UFP-treated) were studied, and two ages (young adult and old) were studied within each group. Control hearts were perfused with buffer only, UFP-treated hearts were perfused with buffer containing ultrafine particles isolated from industrial diesel reference particulate matter. Systolic and end-diastolic pressures, positive and negative dP/dt, and coronary flow were measured. RESULTS Young adult and old hearts demonstrated equal functional deterioration in response to direct infusion of UFP. Developed pressure in young adult UFP-treated hearts fell from 101+/-4 to 68+/-8 mmHg (a decrease by 33%, p<0.05). In the old UFP-treated hearts developed pressure fell by 35% (from 101+/-7 to 67+/-9 mm Hg, p<0.05). Positive dP/dt was equally affected in the young adult and old UFP-treated hearts and was decreased by 28% in both groups. CONCLUSION Ultrafine particles when instilled directly into the cardiac vasculature were equally cardiotoxic in young adult and old rat hearts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Z Simkhovich
- The Heart Institute, Good Samaritan Hospital, 1225 Wilshire Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90017, USA.
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19
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Checchia PA, Schierding W, Polpitiya A, Dixon D, Macmillan S, Muenzer J, Stromberg P, Coopersmith CM, Buchman TG, Cobb JP. Myocardial transcriptional profiles in a murine model of sepsis: evidence for the importance of age. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2008; 9:530-5. [PMID: 18679145 DOI: 10.1097/pcc.0b013e3181849a2f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Age influences outcome of sepsis and septic shock. The mechanism of this age-dependent vulnerability to sepsis remains largely unknown. Because much of the mortality and morbidity associated with sepsis and septic shock is the result of severe derangements in the cardiovascular system, it is possible that the myocardium responds to injury in a developmentally influenced manner. We hypothesized that analysis of cardiac RNA expression profiles may differentiate between the myocardial response to sepsis in young and old mice. METHODS AND RESULTS Sixteen FVB/N male mice were stratified based on age. Young animals were 6 wks old, correlating to 4 to 6 human years, and aged animals were 20 months old correlating to 70 to 80 human years. Animals underwent either cecal ligation and puncture to produce polymicrobial sepsis or a sham operation. Both ventricles were excised after kill at 24 hrs. There were 53 genes that differed in RNA abundance between the four groups (false discovery rate of 0.005, p < 0.00001). Additionally, four genes were associated with an age-dependent response to sepsis: CYP2B2 (cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily B, polypeptide 6), VGLL2 (vestigial like 2), and PAH (phenylalanine hydroxylase). The fourth gene is an expressed sequence tag, the function of which is related to the cytochrome P450 family. These genes play roles in phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan, and fatty acid metabolism. CONCLUSIONS This report describes the transcriptional response of the heart to sepsis. In addition, our findings suggest that these differences are in part age-dependent and serve as hypothesis generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Checchia
- Center for Critical Illness and Health Engineering and the Departments of Pediatrics and Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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20
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Khan R. Examining potential therapies targeting myocardial fibrosis through the inhibition of transforming growth factor-beta 1. Cardiology 2007; 108:368-80. [PMID: 17308385 DOI: 10.1159/000099111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2005] [Accepted: 10/20/2006] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
After injury, the heart undergoes a remodeling process consisting primarily of myocyte hypertrophy, apoptosis and interstitial fibrosis. Although initially beneficial, excess fibrosis gradually results in alteration of left ventricular properties and cardiac dysfunction. Transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta(1)) is thought to be a primary mediator of fibrosis within the heart after injury. Currently, angiotensin II blockade is used to inhibit the actions of TGF-beta(1). However, recent studies indicate that angiotensin II blockade alone may not be sufficient to prevent TGF-beta(1)-induced fibrosis. Thus far, both in vivo and in vitro models have shown that direct TGF-beta(1) inhibition, NAPDH oxidase inhibitors, growth factors and hormonal treatment regimens targeting TGF-beta(1) may significantly reduce cardiac fibrosis after injury. This study attempts to underline these alternatives to angiotensin II blockade in combating TGF-beta(1)-induced cardiac dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razi Khan
- McGill University, Faculty of Medicine, Montreal, Canada.
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21
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Abstract
Health care for the elderly in western society has emerged as an increasingly important economic and political issue in recent years. As the elderly proportion of western populations continues to expand, maintaining health and wellness of the aged will continue to be an important research priority in the near future. This review will attempt to briefly highlight what is known about age-related changes in cardiac performance in humans, then focus on recent work on cellular mechanisms of cardiac deterioration in vertebrate models. The final section will discuss the implications of work done in the nascent fruit fly model system for aging cardiac function and conclude by outlining potential future uses for invertebrate cardiac model systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Wessells
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, 3013 BSRB, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
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22
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Cheng Y, Zhang HT, Sun L, Guo S, Ouyang S, Zhang Y, Xu J. Involvement of cell adhesion molecules in polydatin protection of brain tissues from ischemia-reperfusion injury. Brain Res 2006; 1110:193-200. [PMID: 16870162 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2006.06.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2006] [Revised: 06/15/2006] [Accepted: 06/16/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that polydatin, a crystal component extracted from the root stem of the perennial herbage Polygonum Cuspidatum Sieb.et Zucc, exerts a neuroprotective effect on cerebral injury induced by ischemia/reperfusion. To investigate the possible mechanism of this action, we determined the effects of polydatin on the expression of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) after ischemia-induced cerebral injury. Rats were treated with polydatin (i.v.) immediately after the operation of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) for 1 h. It was found that polydatin improved neurological deficits and reduced the volume of brain infarction. In addition, polydatin decreased the levels of CAMs relative to the control (MCAO alone); these included intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), E-selectin, L-selectin and Integrins. These results suggest that polydatin exerts protective effects likely via inhibition of the expression of various CAMs; polydatin may be a potential agent for treatment of brain injury associated with stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufang Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
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23
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Khan R, Sheppard R. Fibrosis in heart disease: understanding the role of transforming growth factor-beta in cardiomyopathy, valvular disease and arrhythmia. Immunology 2006; 118:10-24. [PMID: 16630019 PMCID: PMC1782267 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2006.02336.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 384] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The importance of fibrosis in organ pathology and dysfunction appears to be increasingly relevant to a variety of distinct diseases. In particular, a number of different cardiac pathologies seem to be caused by a common fibrotic process. Within the heart, this fibrosis is thought to be partially mediated by transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1), a potent stimulator of collagen-producing cardiac fibroblasts. Previously, TGF-beta1 had been implicated solely as a modulator of the myocardial remodelling seen after infarction. However, recent studies indicate that dilated, ischaemic and hypertrophic cardiomyopathies are all associated with raised levels of TGF-beta1. In fact, the pathogenic effects of TGF-beta1 have now been suggested to play a major role in valvular disease and arrhythmia, particularly atrial fibrillation. Thus far, medical therapy targeting TGF-beta1 has shown promise in a multitude of heart diseases. These therapies provide great hope, not only for treatment of symptoms but also for prevention of cardiac pathology as well. As is stated in the introduction, most reviews have focused on the effects of cytokines in remodelling after myocardial infarction. This article attempts to underline the significance of TGF-beta1 not only in the post-ischaemic setting, but also in dilated and hypertrophic cardiomyopathies, valvular diseases and arrhythmias (focusing on atrial fibrillation). It also aims to show that TGF-beta1 is an appropriate target for therapy in a variety of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razi Khan
- McGill University, Faculty of Medicine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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24
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25
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Wingerd KL, Wayne WC, Jackson DY, Clegg DO. Involvement of alpha4 integrins in maintenance of cardiac sympathetic axons. Auton Neurosci 2005; 122:58-68. [PMID: 16181811 DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2005.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2005] [Revised: 08/01/2005] [Accepted: 08/06/2005] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Sympathetic neurons extend and maintain axons that innervate the myocardium, and proper innervation is important for cardiac function. However, the molecular basis for axon outgrowth and maintenance is not well understood. We have shown previously that the integrin alpha4beta1 is expressed on developing axons, and the alpha4 function is important for the development of innervation in vivo [Wingerd, K.L., Goodman, N.L., Tresser, J.W., Smail, M.M., Leu, S.T., Rohan, S.J., Pring, J.L., Jackson, D.Y., and Clegg, D.O., 2002. Alpha 4 integrins and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 play a role in sympathetic innervation of the heart. J. Neurosci. 22,10772-10780]. Here we examine the function of alpha4beta1 integrins in the maintenance of cardiac sympathetic innervation in vitro and in vivo, and investigate integrin expression and function after myocardial infarction and in hypertensive rats. On substrates of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), alpha4beta1 was required for both initial outgrowth and maintenance of neurites in vitro. On fibronectin substrates, initial outgrowth requires only alpha4 integrins, but maintenance requires both alpha4 integrins and RGD-dependent integrins. In vivo, in adult Long Evans rats, inhibition of alpha4 integrins resulted in decreased maintenance of sympathetic fibers innervating the apex of the heart. However, alpha4 integrins were not detected on most sympathetic axons that sprout after myocardial infarction, and alpha4 function was not required for sprouting. Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) have increased numbers of cardiac sympathetic fibers compared to the parental Wistar strain, but many of these lack alpha4 expression, and alpha4 function is not required for maintenance of these fibers in the heart. These results suggest that developing sympathetic axons and sprouting sympathetic axons use different mechanisms of outgrowth, and that maintenance of cardiac sympathetic innervation involves alpha4 integrins in some rat strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin L Wingerd
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
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Przyklenk K, Whittaker P. In Vitro Platelet Responsiveness to Adenosine-Mediated ‘Preconditioning’ is Age-Dependent. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2005; 19:5-10. [PMID: 15976961 DOI: 10.1007/s11239-005-0849-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brief preconditioning (PC) ischemia, in addition to its well-described cardioprotective effects, has been shown in some studies to act on circulating platelets and attenuate platelet adhesion and aggregation in models of unstable angina and acute myocardial infarction. This "anti-platelet" effect of PC may be triggered by release of adenosine from ischemic/reperfused myocardium and activation of adenosine A(2) receptors on the platelets' surface. However: (1) all current data on the platelet inhibitory effects of PC ischemia and A(2) receptor stimulation have been obtained in adult populations; and (2) there is evidence of age-associated alterations in myocardial adenosine release, receptor responsiveness and post-receptor signaling. OBJECTIVE Our aim was to evaluate, using an established in vitro model of platelet aggregation and exogenous administration of an adenosine A(2) agonist, whether the favorable effects of adenosine A(2) receptor stimulation on platelet responsiveness are compromised in aging populations. METHODS Arterial blood samples were obtained from young adult versus old rabbits (6 months versus 4 years of age) and young adult versus senescent rats (4 months versus 2 years of age). Matched aliquots from each animal were randomly assigned to receive exogenous treatment with either the A(2) agonist CGS 21680 or vehicle. Maximum platelet aggregation was quantified by whole blood impedance aggregometry, using collagen as the aggregatory stimulus. RESULTS In young adult rabbits, maximum platelet aggregation was, as expected, reduced by 30 +/- 4% in CGS-treated aliquots versus vehicle-controls. In contrast, blood samples from 4 year old rabbits were refractory to A(2) receptor stimulation: in the old cohort, treatment with CGS evoked no change in platelet aggregation (decrease of 2 +/- 3% versus age-matched vehicle controls; p < .01 versus the decrease of 30% seen in young adults). Data obtained in the rat model were analogous to those seen in the rabbit: maximum platelet aggregation decreased by 18 +/- 5% versus 1 +/- 7% with CGS treatment in young adult versus senescent animals. CONCLUSION Our results provide novel in vitro evidence of an age-associated loss in platelet responsiveness to adenosine-mediated "preconditioning".
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Przyklenk
- Departments of Emergency Medicine and Anesthesiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue, Worcester, MA 01655, USA.
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27
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da Silva R, Lucchinetti E, Pasch T, Schaub MC, Zaugg M. Ischemic but not pharmacological preconditioning elicits a gene expression profile similar to unprotected myocardium. Physiol Genomics 2004; 20:117-30. [PMID: 15494475 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00166.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmacological (PPC) and ischemic preconditioning (IschPC) provide comparable protection against ischemia in the heart. However, the genomic phenotype may depend on the type of preconditioning. Isolated perfused rat hearts were used to evaluate transcriptional responses to PPC and IschPC in the presence (mediator/effector response) or absence (trigger response) of 40 min of test ischemia using oligonucleotide microarrays. IschPC was induced by 3 cycles of 5 min of ischemia, and PPC by 15 min of 2.1 vol% isoflurane. Unsupervised analysis methods were used to identify gene expression patterns. PPC and IschPC were accompanied by marked alterations in gene expression. PPC and IschPC shared only approximately 25% of significantly up- and downregulated genes after triggering. The two types of preconditioning induced a more uniform genomic response after ischemia/reperfusion. Numerous genes separated preconditioned from unprotected ischemic hearts. Three stable gene clusters were identified in the trigger response to preconditioning, while eight stable clusters related to cytoprotection, inflammation, remodeling, and long interspersed nucleotide elements (LINEs) were delineated after prolonged ischemia. A single stable sample cluster emerged from cluster analysis for both IschPC and unprotected myocardium, indicating a close molecular relationship between these two treatments. Principal component analysis revealed differences between PPC vs. IschPC, and trigger vs. mediator/effector responses in transcripts predominantly related to biosynthesis and apoptosis. IschPC and PPC similarly but distinctly reprogram the genetic response to ischemic injury. IschPC elicits a postischemic gene expression profile closer to unprotected myocardium than PPC, which may be therefore more advantageous as therapeutic strategy in cardioprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaela da Silva
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Switzerland
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