1
|
Zhang J, Bai H, Bai M, Wang X, Li Z, Xue H, Wang J, Cui Y, Wang H, Wang Y, Zhou R, Zhu X, Xu M, Zhao X, Liu H. Bisphosphonate-incorporated coatings for orthopedic implants functionalization. Mater Today Bio 2023; 22:100737. [PMID: 37576870 PMCID: PMC10413202 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Bisphosphonates (BPs), the stable analogs of pyrophosphate, are well-known inhibitors of osteoclastogenesis to prevent osteoporotic bone loss and improve implant osseointegration in patients suffering from osteoporosis. Compared to systemic administration, BPs-incorporated coatings enable the direct delivery of BPs to the local area, which will precisely enhance osseointegration and bone repair without the systemic side effects. However, an elaborate and comprehensive review of BP coatings of implants is lacking. Herein, the cellular level (e.g., osteoclasts, osteocytes, osteoblasts, osteoclast precursors, and bone mesenchymal stem cells) and molecular biological regulatory mechanism of BPs in regulating bone homeostasis are overviewed systematically. Moreover, the currently available methods (e.g., chemical reaction, porous carriers, and organic material films) of BP coatings construction are outlined and summarized in detail. As one of the key directions, the latest advances of BP-coated implants to enhance bone repair and osseointegration in basic experiments and clinical trials are presented and critically evaluated. Finally, the challenges and prospects of BP coatings are also purposed, and it will open a new chapter in clinical translation for BP-coated implants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Zhang
- Orthopedic Institute of Jilin Province, Orthopedic Medical Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, PR China
| | - Haotian Bai
- Orthopedic Institute of Jilin Province, Orthopedic Medical Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, PR China
| | - Miao Bai
- Department of Ocular Fundus Disease, Ophthalmology Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, PR China
| | - Xiaonan Wang
- Orthopedic Institute of Jilin Province, Orthopedic Medical Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, PR China
| | - ZuHao Li
- Orthopedic Institute of Jilin Province, Orthopedic Medical Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, PR China
| | - Haowen Xue
- Orthopedic Institute of Jilin Province, Orthopedic Medical Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, PR China
| | - Jincheng Wang
- Orthopedic Institute of Jilin Province, Orthopedic Medical Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, PR China
| | - Yutao Cui
- Orthopedic Institute of Jilin Province, Orthopedic Medical Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, PR China
| | - Hui Wang
- Orthopedic Institute of Jilin Province, Orthopedic Medical Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, PR China
| | - Yanbing Wang
- Orthopedic Institute of Jilin Province, Orthopedic Medical Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, PR China
| | - Rongqi Zhou
- Orthopedic Institute of Jilin Province, Orthopedic Medical Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, PR China
| | - Xiujie Zhu
- Orthopedic Institute of Jilin Province, Orthopedic Medical Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, PR China
| | - Mingwei Xu
- Orthopedic Institute of Jilin Province, Orthopedic Medical Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, PR China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Orthopedic Institute of Jilin Province, Orthopedic Medical Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, PR China
| | - He Liu
- Orthopedic Institute of Jilin Province, Orthopedic Medical Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Preidl RHM, Amann K, Weber M, Schiller M, Ringler M, Ries J, Neukam FW, Kesting M, Geppert CI, Wehrhan F. Lineage-associated connexin 43 expression in bisphosphonate-exposed rat bones. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2021; 49:738-747. [PMID: 33642117 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2021.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression of signaling proteins in bone cells depends on their embryological mesoderm-derived (e.g. tibia) or cranial neural crest (CNC)-derived (e.g. jaw) origin. Connexin 43 (Cx43) is a gap junction protein that plays an essential role in the mode of action of bisphosphonates (BP). This study aimed to investigate Cx43 expression and the influence of BP application on mesoderm- and CNC-derived bone. Using a rat model, molar extraction and tibia osteotomy with (Group 4) or without (Group 3) previous BP application was performed. Untreated (Group 1) and animals selectively treated with BPs (Group 2) served as controls. Cx43 expression was immunohistochemically determined 12 and 16 weeks postoperatively via a labeling index. Cx43 expression in CNC-derived bone was significantly higher compared with mesodermal bone. BP application decreased Cx43 expression; however, detected expression levels were still higher in jawbone (Group 2 tibia vs jaw: 5.83 ± 5.06 vs 23.52 ± 6.42; p = 0.007). During bone healing after surgical intervention (Group 3) there were no expression differences between tibia and jawbone. BP treatment prior to surgery resulted in significantly lower Cx43 expression in CNC-derived compared with tibia bone (Group 4 tibia vs jaw: 56.84 ± 15.57 vs 16.40 ± 5.66; p < 0.01). Increased Cx43 expression in jaw compared with tibia bone is in line with their embryological origins. A significant Cx43 suppression in jawbone after BP application and surgery might contribute to the selectively altered osseous turnover and development of MRONJ in CNC-derived bone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raimund H M Preidl
- Resident, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Glückstraße 11, 91056, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Kerstin Amann
- Head of Nephropathology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Glückstraße 11, 91056, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Manuel Weber
- Resident, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Glückstraße 11, 91056, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Martin Schiller
- Doctoral Students, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Glückstraße 11, 91056, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Manuela Ringler
- Doctoral Students, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Glückstraße 11, 91056, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jutta Ries
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Glückstraße 11, 91056, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Friedrich W Neukam
- Former Head of Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Glückstraße 11, 91056, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Marco Kesting
- Head of Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Glückstraße 11, 91056, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Carol-Immanuel Geppert
- Specialist in Pathology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Glückstraße 11, 91056, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Falk Wehrhan
- Specialist in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Glückstraße 11, 91056, Erlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Plotkin LI, Buvinic S, Balanta-Melo J. In vitro and in vivo studies using non-traditional bisphosphonates. Bone 2020; 134:115301. [PMID: 32112989 PMCID: PMC7138726 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Non-traditional bisphosphonates, that is, bisphosphonates that do not inhibit osteoclast viability or function, were initially reported in the 1990s by Socrates Papapoulos' group. Originally designed to study the role of the R1 residue of aminobisphosphonates on bisphosphonate affinity for hydroxyapatite, these modified bisphosphonates retained similar affinity for mineralized bone as their parent compounds, but they lacked the potential to inhibit the mevalonate pathway or bone resorption. We found that, similar to classical bisphosphonates, these non-traditional compounds prevented osteoblast and osteocyte apoptosis in vitro through a pathway that requires the expression of the gap junction protein connexin 43, and the activation of the Src/MEK/ERK signaling pathway. Furthermore, one of those compounds named IG9402 (also known as amino-olpadronate or lidadronate), was able to inhibit osteoblast and osteocyte apoptosis, without affecting osteoclast number or bone resorption in vivo in a model of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. IG9402 administration also ameliorated the decrease in bone mass and in bone mechanical properties induced by glucocorticoids. Similarly, IG9402 prevented apoptosis of osteoblastic cells in a model of immobilization due to hindlimb unloading. However, in this case, the bisphosphonate was not able to preserve the bone mass, and only partially prevented the decrease in bone mechanical properties induced by immobilization. The effect of IG9402 administration was also tested in a mouse model of masticatory hypofunction through the induction of masseter muscle atrophy by unilateral injection of botulinum toxin type A (BoNTA). IG9402 partially inhibited the loss of trabecular bone microstructure in the mandibular condyle, but not the decrease in masseter muscle mass induced by BoNTA administration. In summary, these non-traditional bisphosphonates that lack anti-resorptive activity but are able to preserve osteoblast and osteocyte viability could constitute useful tools to study the consequences of preventing apoptosis of osteoblastic cells in animal models. Furthermore, they could be used to treat conditions associated with reduced bone mass and increased bone fragility in which a reduction of bone remodeling is not desirable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lilian I Plotkin
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America; Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America.
| | - Sonja Buvinic
- Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Center for Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer CEMC2016, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Julián Balanta-Melo
- Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; School of Dentistry, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia; Max Planck Weizmann Center for Integrative Archaeology and Anthropology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chen R, Chen Y, Yuan Y, Zou X, Sun Q, Lin H, Chen X, Liu M, Deng Z, Yao Y, Guo D, Zhang Y. Cx43 and AKAP95 regulate G1/S conversion by competitively binding to cyclin E1/E2 in lung cancer cells. Thorac Cancer 2020; 11:1594-1602. [PMID: 32338437 PMCID: PMC7262948 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.13435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to overexpress or silence connexin 43 (Cx43) and A‐kinase anchoring protein 95 (AKAP95) in human A549 cells to explore their effects on cyclins and on G1/S conversion when the interrelationship of Cx43, AKAP95, and cyclin E1/E2 changes. Methods The study mainly used Western blot analysis and Co‐immuno precipitation to detect the target protein in Cx43/AKAP95 over expressed human A549 cells, and the relationship of proteins Cx43, AKAP95 and Cyclin E during G1‐S phase was explored with qualitative and quantitative analysis. Results The overexpression of Cx43 inhibited the expression of cyclin D1 and E1 by accelerating their degradation and reduced the Cdk2 activity that blocked the DNA transcription activity. However, the overexpression of AKAP95 increased the expression of cyclin D1 and E1 and inhibited their degradation, and enhanced the Cdk2 activity that promoted the DNA transcription activity. Cx43 and AKAP95 competitively bound to cyclin E1/E2, and the competitive binding affected the Cdk2 activity, Rb phosphorylation, DNA transcription activity, and G1/S conversion. Conclusions This study showed that the expression of ERK1/2, PKA, and PKB increased when BEAS‐2B cells were treated with PDGF‐BB, suggesting that ERK1/2, PKA, and PKB might be involved in the binding of AKAP95 with cyclin E, or the separation of AKAP95 from Cx43 from cyclin E1/E2. The specific mechanism underlying this process still needs further exploration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renzhen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yu Chen
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yangyang Yuan
- Henan provincial Clinical Research Center for Perinatal Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xuan Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Qian Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Hongyan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiaoyi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Mingda Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zifeng Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Youliang Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Dongbei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yongxing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lee KK, Lee JG, Park CS, Lee SH, Raja N, Yun HS, Lee JS, Lee CS. Bone-targeting carbon dots: effect of nitrogen-doping on binding affinity. RSC Adv 2019; 9:2708-2717. [PMID: 35520477 PMCID: PMC9059868 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra09729a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel fluorescent carbon dots (CDs) for bone imaging were fabricated via a facile hydrothermal method using alendronate in the absence of a nitrogen-doping precursor to enhance bone affinity. One-step synthesized alendronate-based CDs (Alen-CDs) had strong binding activity for calcium-deficient hydroxyapatite (CDHA, the mineral component of bones) scaffold, rat femur, and bone structures of live zebrafish. This was attributed to the bisphosphonate group present on the CD surface, even after carbonization. For comparison, the surface effects of nitrogen-doped CDs obtained using ethylenediamine (EDA), i.e., Alen-EDA-CDs, were also investigated, focusing on the targeting ability of distinct surface functional groups when compared with Alen-CDs. An in vivo study to assess the impact on bone affinity revealed that Alen-CDs effectively accumulated in the bone structures of live zebrafish larvae after microinjections, as well as in the bone tissues of femur extracted from rats. Moreover, Alen-CD-treated zebrafish larvae had superior toleration, retaining skeletal fluorescence for 7 days post-injection (dpi). The sustainable capability, surpassing that of Alizarin Red S, suggests that Alen-CDs have the potential for targeted drug delivery to damaged bone tissues and provides motivation for additional in vivo investigations. To our knowledge, this is the first in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo demonstration of direct bone-targeted deliveries, supporting the use of fluorescent CDs in the treatment of various bone diseases such as osteoporosis, Paget's disease, and metastatic bone cancer. Fluorescent carbon dots selectively bind to skull tissues with high affinity, including a strong binding activity for calcium deficient hydroxyapatite, and rat femur, for bone targeted imaging.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Kwan Lee
- Hazards Monitoring BNT Research Center
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB)
- Daejeon 34141
- Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry
| | - Jae-Geun Lee
- Disease Target Structure Research Center
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB)
- Daejeon
- Republic of Korea
- Department of Biotechnology
| | - Chul Soon Park
- Department of Polymer Engineering
- Chonnam National University
- Gwangju 61186
- Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Hyeok Lee
- Hazards Monitoring BNT Research Center
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB)
- Daejeon 34141
- Republic of Korea
- Department of Biotechnology
| | - Naren Raja
- Department of Biotechnology
- University of Science & Technology (UST)
- Daejeon 34113
- Republic of Korea
- Powder and Ceramics Division
| | - Hui-suk Yun
- Department of Biotechnology
- University of Science & Technology (UST)
- Daejeon 34113
- Republic of Korea
- Powder and Ceramics Division
| | - Jeong-Soo Lee
- Disease Target Structure Research Center
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB)
- Daejeon
- Republic of Korea
- Department of Biotechnology
| | - Chang-Soo Lee
- Hazards Monitoring BNT Research Center
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB)
- Daejeon 34141
- Republic of Korea
- Department of Biotechnology
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zheng D, Neoh KG, Kang ET. Immobilization of alendronate on titanium via its different functional groups and the subsequent effects on cell functions. J Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 487:1-11. [PMID: 27743540 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2016.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Immobilization of alendronate on orthopedic implants offers the possibility of enhancing osteogenesis without potentially adverse effects associated with systemic administration of this drug. In this work, alendronate was immobilized on titanium (Ti) via either its phosphate (Method 1) or amino (Method 2) groups, and responses of osteoblasts and human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) on these surfaces were investigated. These modified substrates have similar surface roughness and are negatively charged. With similar amounts of immobilized alendronate, these two types of modified substrates showed comparable osteogenic stimulating effects in enhancing osteoblasts' alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and calcium deposition for the first 10days. However, alendronate immobilized via its phosphate groups was less stable, and gradually leached into the medium. As a result, its stimulating effect on osteoblast differentiation diminished with time. On the other hand, alendronate immobilized via its amino group stimulated osteoblast differentiation over 21days, and with 1655ng/cm2 of immobilized alendronate on the Ti substrate, calcium deposition by osteoblasts and hMSCs increased by 30% and 69%, respectively, compared to pristine Ti after 21days. The expressions of runt-related transcription factor 2, osterix, osteopontin and osteocalcin in hMSCs cultured on this substrate were monitored. The up-regulation of these genes is postulated to play a role in the acceleration of osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs cultured on the alendronate-modified substrate over those on pristine Ti.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Zheng
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore 117576, Singapore
| | - Koon Gee Neoh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore 117576, Singapore.
| | - En-Tang Kang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore 117576, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Osteocyte Alterations Induce Osteoclastogenesis in an In Vitro Model of Gaucher Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18010112. [PMID: 28098793 PMCID: PMC5297746 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18010112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Gaucher disease (GD) is caused by mutations in the glucosylceramidase β (GBA 1) gene that confer a deficient level of activity of glucocerebrosidase (GCase). This deficiency leads to the accumulation of the glycolipid glucocerebroside in the lysosomes of cells, mainly in the monocyte/macrophage lineage. Its mildest form is Type I GD, characterized by non-neuronopathic involvement. Bone compromise is the most disabling aspect of the Gaucher disease. However, the pathophysiological aspects of skeletal alterations are not yet fully understood. The bone tissue homeostasis is maintained by a balance between resorption of old bone by osteoclasts and new bone formation by osteoblasts. A central player in this balance is the osteocyte as it controls both processes. We studied the involvement of osteocytes in an in vitro chemical model of Gaucher disease. The osteocyte cell line MLO-Y4 was exposed to conduritol-β-epoxide (CBE), an inhibitor of GCase, for a period of 7, 14 and 21 days. Conditioned media from CBE-treated osteocytes was found to induce osteoclast differentiation. GCase inhibition caused alterations in Cx43 expression and distribution pattern and an increase in osteocyte apoptosis. Osteoclast differentiation involved osteocyte apoptotic bodies, receptor activator of nuclear factor κ-B ligand (RANKL) and soluble factors. Thus, our results indicate that osteocytes may have a role to play in the bone pathophysiology of GD.
Collapse
|
8
|
Alendronate Can Improve Bone Alterations in Experimental Diabetes by Preventing Antiosteogenic, Antichondrogenic, and Proadipocytic Effects of AGEs on Bone Marrow Progenitor Cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:5891925. [PMID: 27840829 PMCID: PMC5093246 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5891925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Bisphosphonates such as alendronate are antiosteoporotic drugs that inhibit the activity of bone-resorbing osteoclasts and secondarily promote osteoblastic function. Diabetes increases bone-matrix-associated advanced glycation end products (AGEs) that impair bone marrow progenitor cell (BMPC) osteogenic potential and decrease bone quality. Here we investigated the in vitro effect of alendronate and/or AGEs on the osteoblastogenic, adipogenic, and chondrogenic potential of BMPC isolated from nondiabetic untreated rats. We also evaluated the in vivo effect of alendronate (administered orally to rats with insulin-deficient Diabetes) on long-bone microarchitecture and BMPC multilineage potential. In vitro, the osteogenesis (Runx2, alkaline phosphatase, type 1 collagen, and mineralization) and chondrogenesis (glycosaminoglycan production) of BMPC were both decreased by AGEs, while coincubation with alendronate prevented these effects. The adipogenesis of BMPC (PPARγ, intracellular triglycerides, and lipase) was increased by AGEs, and this was prevented by coincubation with alendronate. In vivo, experimental Diabetes (a) decreased femoral trabecular bone area, osteocyte density, and osteoclastic TRAP activity; (b) increased bone marrow adiposity; and (c) deregulated BMPC phenotypic potential (increasing adipogenesis and decreasing osteogenesis and chondrogenesis). Orally administered alendronate prevented all these Diabetes-induced effects on bone. Thus, alendronate could improve bone alterations in diabetic rats by preventing the antiosteogenic, antichondrogenic, and proadipocytic effects of AGEs on BMPC.
Collapse
|
9
|
Pellegrini GG, Morales CC, Wallace TC, Plotkin LI, Bellido T. Avenanthramides Prevent Osteoblast and Osteocyte Apoptosis and Induce Osteoclast Apoptosis in Vitro in an Nrf2-Independent Manner. Nutrients 2016; 8:E423. [PMID: 27409635 PMCID: PMC4963899 DOI: 10.3390/nu8070423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Oats contain unique bioactive compounds known as avenanthramides (AVAs) with antioxidant properties. AVAs might enhance the endogenous antioxidant cellular response by activation of the transcription factor Nrf2. Accumulation of reactive oxygen species plays a critical role in many chronic and degenerative diseases, including osteoporosis. In this disease, there is an imbalance between bone formation by osteoblasts and bone resorption by osteoclasts, which is accompanied by increased osteoblast/osteocyte apoptosis and decreased osteoclast apoptosis. We investigated the ability of the synthethic AVAs 2c, 2f and 2p, to 1-regulate gene expression in bone cells, 2-affect the viability of osteoblasts, osteocytes and osteoclasts, and the generation of osteoclasts from their precursors, and 3-examine the potential involvement of the transcription factor Nrf2 in these actions. All doses of AVA 2c and 1 and 5 µM dose of 2p up-regulated collagen 1A expression. Lower doses of AVAs up-regulated OPG (osteoprotegerin) in OB-6 osteoblastic cells, whereas 100 μM dose of 2f and all concentrations of 2c down-regulated RANKL gene expression in MLO-Y4 osteocytic cells. AVAs did not affect apoptosis of OB-6 osteoblastic cells or MLO-Y4 osteocytic cells; however, they prevented apoptosis induced by the DNA topoisomerase inhibitor etoposide, the glucocorticoid dexamethasone, and hydrogen peroxide. AVAs prevented apoptosis of both wild type (WT) and Nrf2 Knockout (KO) osteoblasts, demonstrating that AVAs-induced survival does not require Nrf2 expression. Further, KO osteoclast precursors produced more mature osteoclasts than WT; and KO cultures exhibited less apoptotic osteoclasts than WT cultures. Although AVAs did not affect WT osteoclasts, AVA 2p reversed the low apoptosis of KO osteoclasts. These in vitro results demonstrate that AVAs regulate, in part, the function of osteoblasts and osteocytes and prevent osteoblast/osteocyte apoptosis and increase osteoclast apoptosis; further, these regulatory actions are independent of Nrf2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gretel G Pellegrini
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
- Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| | - Cynthya C Morales
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| | - Taylor C Wallace
- Department of Nutrition and Food Studies, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA.
- Think Healthy Group, LLC, Washington, DC 20001, USA.
- National Osteoporosis Foundation, Arlington, VA 22202, USA.
| | - Lilian I Plotkin
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
- Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| | - Teresita Bellido
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
- Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Bultynck G. The anti-metastatic micro-environment of the bone: Importance of osteocyte Cx43 hemichannels. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2016; 1866:121-7. [PMID: 27400952 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2016.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Revised: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Bone metastases of tumor cells are a common and life-threatening feature of a variety of late-stage cancers, including breast cancers. However, until now, much less has been known about the intrinsic anti-metastatic properties of the bones and how these could be exploited to prevent or treat bone metastases. Very recently, native Cx43 hemichannels present in osteocytes have been identified as important anti-metastatic signaling complexes by establishing high local extracellular ATP levels. Moreover, bisphosphonate drugs, applied as adjuvant therapies in the treatment of breast cancer patients and bone diseases, are known to display anti-metastatic properties. Now, it became clear that these compounds exert their effects through osteocyte Cx43 hemichannels, thereby triggering their opening and promoting ATP release in the extracellular micro-environment. Hence, endogenous osteocyte Cx43 hemichannels emerge as important and promising therapeutic targets for the prevention of bone metastases and/or clinical treatment of bone-metastasized breast cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Geert Bultynck
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Leuven Kanker Instituut (LKI), Campus Gasthuisberg O/N-I bus 802, Herestraat 49, BE 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Alendronate-modified hydroxyapatite nanoparticles for bone-specific dual delivery of drug and bone mineral. Macromol Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-016-4094-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
12
|
Wang YH, Rajalakshmanan E, Wang CK, Chen CH, Fu YC, Tsai TL, Chang JK, Ho ML. PLGA-linked alendronate enhances bone repair in diaphysis defect model. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2016; 11:2603-2612. [PMID: 27256686 DOI: 10.1002/term.2160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 12/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Alendronate (ALN) is known as an anti-resorptive drug for the treatment of osteoporosis. Recently, ALN was found to stimulate osteogenic differentiation in mesenchymal stem cells and enhance new bone formation in calvarial bone defects. Previous in vitro and in vivo studies found that the effective concentration of ALN was approximately 1-10 μm. In the present study, a poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) cross-linked ALN (PLGA-ALN) with a short-term controlled-release property for local application to enhance bone repair was developed. An in vitro drug-release kinetic test showed that PLGA-ALN microspheres released an effective concentration (50-100 nm) of ALN for 9 days. The effect of PLGA-ALN on bone repair was tested in a rat femoral bone defect model. The biomechanical study results showed that the maximal strength, stiffness and energy absorption were significantly increased in the PLGA-ALN group compared with the PLGA group. The microstructure of the newly formed bone at the defect site was analysed using microcomputed tomography. The PLGA-ALN group significantly improved the trabecular bone volume at the defect site compared with the PLGA group. The fibril collagen and immunolocalized bone morphogenetic protein 2 were evident in the newly formed trabecular bone in the PLGA-ALN group. Local use of newly developed PLGA-ALN-enhanced bone repair was attributable to increasing bone matrix formation, which improved the ultrastructure of the newly formed bone and thus increased the biomechanical properties of the repaired bone. It is suggested that PLGA-ALN may be a potential bone graft substitute to enhance bone repair. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Hsien Wang
- Orthopedic Research Centre, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Eswaramoorthy Rajalakshmanan
- Orthopedic Research Centre, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences Technology and Research, Sri Ramachandra University, Porur, Chennai, India
| | - Chih-Kuang Wang
- Orthopedic Research Centre, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Hwan Chen
- Orthopedic Research Centre, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Orthopaedics, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Orthopaedics, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Orthopaedics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Chi Fu
- Orthopedic Research Centre, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Orthopaedics, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Lin Tsai
- Orthopedic Research Centre, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Je-Ken Chang
- Orthopedic Research Centre, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Orthopaedics, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Orthopaedics, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Orthopaedics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Ling Ho
- Orthopedic Research Centre, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ryu TK, Kang RH, Jeong KY, Jun DR, Koh JM, Kim D, Bae SK, Choi SW. Bone-targeted delivery of nanodiamond-based drug carriers conjugated with alendronate for potential osteoporosis treatment. J Control Release 2016; 232:152-60. [PMID: 27094604 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Revised: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes the design of alendronate-conjugated nanodiamonds (Alen-NDs) and evaluation of their feasibility for bone-targeted delivery. Alen-NDs exhibited a high affinity to hydroxyapatite (HAp, the mineral component of bone) due to the presence of Alen. Unlike NDs (without Alen), Alen-NDs were preferentially taken up by MC3T3-E1 osteoblast-like cells, compared to NIH3T3 and HepG2 cells, suggesting their cellular specificity. In addition, NDs itself increased ALP activity of MC3T3-E1 cells, compared to control group (osteogenic medium) and Alen-NDs exhibited more enhanced ALP activity. In addition, an in vivo study revealed that Alen-NDs effectively accumulated in bone tissues after intravenous tail vein injection. These results confirm the superior properties of Alen-NDs with advantages of high HAp affinity, specific uptake for MC3T3-E1 cells, positive synergistic effect for ALP activity, and in vivo bone targeting ability. The Alen-NDs can potentially be employed for osteoporosis treatment by delivering both NDs and Alen to bone tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Kyung Ryu
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, 43 Jibong-ro Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do 420-743, Republic of Korea
| | - Rae-Hyoung Kang
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, 43 Jibong-ro Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do 420-743, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Young Jeong
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, 43 Jibong-ro Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do 420-743, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Ryong Jun
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, 43 Jibong-ro Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do 420-743, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Min Koh
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 138-736, Republic of Korea
| | - Doyun Kim
- College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, 43 Jibong-ro Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do 420-743, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Kyung Bae
- College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, 43 Jibong-ro Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do 420-743, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Wook Choi
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, 43 Jibong-ro Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do 420-743, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Comparative Meta-Analysis of Transcriptomics Data during Cellular Senescence and In Vivo Tissue Ageing. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2015:732914. [PMID: 25977747 PMCID: PMC4419258 DOI: 10.1155/2015/732914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2015] [Revised: 03/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have employed DNA microarrays to identify gene expression signatures that mark human ageing; yet the features underlying this complicated phenomenon remain elusive. We thus conducted a bioinformatics meta-analysis on transcriptomics data from human cell- and biopsy-based microarrays experiments studying cellular senescence or in vivo tissue ageing, respectively. We report that coregulated genes in the postmitotic muscle and nervous tissues are classified into pathways involved in cancer, focal adhesion, actin cytoskeleton, MAPK signalling, and metabolism regulation. Genes that are differentially regulated during cellular senescence refer to pathways involved in neurodegeneration, focal adhesion, actin cytoskeleton, proteasome, cell cycle, DNA replication, and oxidative phosphorylation. Finally, we revealed genes and pathways (referring to cancer, Huntington's disease, MAPK signalling, focal adhesion, actin cytoskeleton, oxidative phosphorylation, and metabolic signalling) that are coregulated during cellular senescence and in vivo tissue ageing. The molecular commonalities between cellular senescence and tissue ageing are also highlighted by the fact that pathways that were overrepresented exclusively in the biopsy- or cell-based datasets are modules either of the same reference pathway (e.g., metabolism) or of closely interrelated pathways (e.g., thyroid cancer and melanoma). Our reported meta-analysis has revealed novel age-related genes, setting thus the basis for more detailed future functional studies.
Collapse
|
15
|
Ruiz-Gaspà S, Dubreuil M, Guañabens N, Combalia A, Peris P, Monegal A, Parés A. Ursodeoxycholic acid decreases bilirubin-induced osteoblast apoptosis. Eur J Clin Invest 2014; 44:1206-14. [PMID: 25331234 DOI: 10.1111/eci.12355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 10/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low bone turnover osteoporosis is common in cholestatic diseases. Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) counteracts the damaging effects of bilirubin or lithocholic acid (LCA) on osteoblast viability, proliferation and mineralisation. UDCA is anti-apoptotic in various cell lines, but this effect in bone cells is unknown. Therefore, the consequences of bilirubin and LCA on apoptosis, and whether UDCA has anti-apoptotic effects have been assessed on osteoblasts. MATERIALS AND METHODS Human osteoblasts (hOB) and osteosarcoma cell line (Saos-2) were treated with camptothecin as a pro-apoptotic agent, and UDCA, LCA and bilirubin. Apoptosis was determined by DNA fragmentation, flow cytometry, caspase-3 activity and expression of pro-apoptotic (Bcl-2-associated X protein BAX) and anti-apoptotic (BCL2 and BCL2-like 1 protein, BCL2L) genes. RESULTS Both LCA (10 μM) and bilirubin (50 μM) induced apoptosis as indicated by DNA fragmentation (4·7- and 3·7-fold, respectively, P < 0·001), caspase-3 activity and flow cytometry in Saos-2 and hOB. UDCA (10 μM) reduced the apoptotic effects of camptothecin (0·5 μM) by 61%, (P < 0·001) and counteracted the apoptotic effects of LCA and bilirubin determined by DNA fragmentation (56% and 60%, respectively, P < 0·001), cytometry and caspase-3 activity in Saos-2, with lower effects in hOB. UDCA (10 μM) downregulated BAX (75%), upregulated BCL2L (10-fold, P < 0·01) genes, and neutralised BAX upregulation (P < 0·01) and BCL2L downregulation (P < 0·01) induced by LCA and bilirubin. CONCLUSIONS Bilirubin and LCA induce apoptosis in osteoblastic cells. UDCA counteracts the apoptotic consequences of these two substances, and therefore, it may have further beneficial effects on the decreased bone formation in the cholestasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Ruiz-Gaspà
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Metabolic Bone Diseases Unit, Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Liver Unit, Digestive Diseases Institute, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Sadr-Eshkevari P, Ashnagar S, Rashad A, Dietz M, Jackowski J, Abdulazim A, Prochnow N. Bisphosphonates and connexin 43: a critical review of evidence. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 21:241-7. [PMID: 24946183 DOI: 10.3109/15419061.2014.927869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Bisphosphonates (BPs) are drugs commonly used in the treatment of various disease arising or affecting bone tissue. There is a standard use in bone neoplasia and metastasis, hormonal and developmental disorders as well as for compensation of adverse effects in several medical therapies. Many in-vivo and in-vitro studies have assessed the efficacy of this drug and its function in cellular scale. In this concern, BPs are described to inhibit the resorptive function of osteoclasts and to prevent apoptosis of osteoblasts and osteocytes. They can preserve the osteocytic network, reduce fracture rate, and increase the bone mineral content, which is therapeutically used. Connexin 43 (Cx43) is a crucial molecule for basal regulation of bone homeostasis, development, and differentiation. It is described for signal transduction in many physiological and pathological stimuli and recently to be involved in BP action.
Collapse
|
17
|
Soto SA, Chiappe Barbará A. Bisphosphonates: Pharmacology and Clinical Approach to Their Use in Equine Osteoarticular Diseases. J Equine Vet Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2014.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
|
18
|
Plotkin LI. Connexin 43 hemichannels and intracellular signaling in bone cells. Front Physiol 2014; 5:131. [PMID: 24772090 PMCID: PMC3983496 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2013] [Accepted: 03/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell function and survival are controlled by intracellular signals, and modulated by surrounding cells and the extracellular environment. Connexin channels participate in these processes by mediating cell-to-cell communication. In bone cells, gap junction channels were detected in the early 1970s, and are present among bone resorbing osteoclasts, bone forming osteoblasts, and osteocytes - mature osteoblasts embedded in the mineralized matrix. These channels are composed mainly by Cx43, although the expression of other connexins (45, 46, and 37) has also been reported. It is now believed that undocked Cx43 hemichannels (connexons) formed in unopposed cell membranes facing the extracellular environment participate in the interaction of bone cells with the extracellular environment, and in their communication with neighboring cells. Thus, we and others demonstrated the presence of active hemichannels in osteoblastic and osteocytic cells. These hemichannels open in response to pharmacological and mechanical stimulation. In particular, preservation of the viability of osteoblasts and osteocytes by the anti-osteoporotic drugs bisphosphonates depends on Cx43 expression in vitro and in vivo, and is mediated by undocked hemichannels. Cx43 hemichannels are also required for the release of prostaglandins and ATP by osteocytes, and for cell survival induced by mechanical stimulation in vitro. Moreover, they are required for the anti-apoptotic effect of parathyroid hormone in osteoblastic cells. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the presence and function of undocked connexons, and the role of hemichannel regulation for the maintenance of bone cell viability and, potentially, bone health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lilian I. Plotkin
- Department Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolis, IN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Osteoblastic protein tyrosine phosphatases inhibition and connexin 43 phosphorylation by alendronate. Exp Cell Res 2014; 324:30-9. [PMID: 24698731 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2014.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Revised: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Bisphosphonates (BPs), potent inhibitors of bone resorption which inhibit osteoclasts, have also been shown to act on osteocytes and osteoblasts preventing apoptosis via connexin (Cx) 43 hemichannels and activating the extracellular signal regulated kinases ERKs. We previously demonstrated the presence of a saturable, specific and high affinity binding site for alendronate (ALN) in osteoblastic cells which express Cx43. However, cells lacking Cx43 also bound BPs. Herein we show that bound [(3)H]-alendronate is displaced by phosphatase substrates. Moreover, similar to Na3VO4, ALN inhibited the activity of transmembrane and cytoplasmic PTPs, pointing out the catalytic domain of phosphatases as a putative BP target. In addition, anti-phospho-tyrosine immunoblot analysis revealed that ALN stimulates tyrosine phosphorylation of several proteins of whole cell lysates, among which the major targets of the BP could be immunochemically identified as Cx43. Additionally, the transmembrane receptor-like PTPs, RPTPµ and RPTPα, as well as the cytoplasmic PTP1B, are highly expressed in ROS 17/2.8 cells. Furthermore, we evidenced that Cx43 interacts with RPTPµ in ROS 17/2.8 and ALN decreases their association. These results support the hypothesis that BPs bind and inhibit PTPs associated to Cx43 or not, which would lead to the activation of signaling pathways in osteoblasts.
Collapse
|
20
|
Stains JP, Watkins MP, Grimston SK, Hebert C, Civitelli R. Molecular mechanisms of osteoblast/osteocyte regulation by connexin43. Calcif Tissue Int 2014; 94:55-67. [PMID: 23754488 PMCID: PMC3815501 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-013-9742-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoprogenitor cells are interconnected into a functional network by gap junctions formed primarily by connexin43 (Cx43). Over the past two decades, it has become clear that Cx43 is important for the function of osteoblasts and osteocytes. This connexin contributes to the acquisition of peak bone mass and is a major modulator of cortical modeling. We review key data from human and mouse genetics on the skeletal consequences of ablation or mutation of the Cx43 gene (Gja1) and the molecular mechanisms by which Cx43 regulates the differentiation, function, and survival of osteogenic lineage cells. We also discuss putative second messengers that are communicated by Cx43 gap junctions, the role of hemichannels, and the function of Cx43 as a scaffold for signaling molecules. Current knowledge demonstrates that Cx43 is more than a passive channel; rather, it actively participates in the generation and modulation of cellular signals that drive skeletal development and homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph P Stains
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, 100 Penn Street, Allied Health Building, Room 540E, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA,
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Xu XL, Gou WL, Wang AY, Wang Y, Guo QY, Lu Q, Lu SB, Peng J. Basic research and clinical applications of bisphosphonates in bone disease: what have we learned over the last 40 years? J Transl Med 2013; 11:303. [PMID: 24330728 PMCID: PMC3874605 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-11-303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
It is now 40 years since bisphosphonates (BPs) were first used in the clinic. So, it is timely to provide a brief review of what we have learned about these agents in bone disease. BPs are bone-specific and have been classified into two major groups on the basis of their distinct molecular modes of action: amino-BPs and non-amino-BPs. The amino-BPs are more potent and they inhibit farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase (FPPS), a key enzyme of the mavalonate/cholesterol biosynthetic pathway, while the non-amino-BPs inhibit osteoclast activity, by incorporation into non-hydrolyzable analogs of ATP. Both amino-BPs and non-amino-BPs can protect osteoblasts and osteocytes against apoptosis. The BPs are widely used in the clinic to treat various diseases characterized by excessive bone resorption, including osteoporosis, myeloma, bone metastasis, Legg-Perthes disease, malignant hyperparathyroidism, and other conditions featuring bone fragility. This review provides insights into some of the adverse effects of BPs, such as gastric irritation, osteonecrosis of the jaw, atypical femoral fractures, esophageal cancer, atrial fibrillation, and ocular inflammation. In conclusion, this review covers the biochemical and molecular mechanisms of action of BPs in bone, particularly the discovery that BPs have direct anti-apoptotic effects on osteoblasts and osteocytes, and the current situation of BP use in the clinic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Long Xu
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing 100853, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wen-Long Gou
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing 100853, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ai-Yuan Wang
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing 100853, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Wang
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing 100853, People’s Republic of China
| | - Quan-Yi Guo
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing 100853, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiang Lu
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing 100853, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shi-Bi Lu
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing 100853, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiang Peng
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing 100853, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Shiomi K, Nagata Y, Kiyono T, Harada A, Hashimoto N. Differential impact of the Bisphosphonate Alendronate on undifferentiated and terminally differentiated human myogenic cells. J Pharm Pharmacol 2013; 66:418-27. [DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Alendronate, a nitrogen-containing bisphosphonate, is well established as a treatment for osteoporosis through regulation of osteoclast activity. Previously, the pharmacological effects of bisphosphonates on cells outside the bone environment have been considered irrelevant because of the bone-targeting property of bisphosphonates. However, the chronic effects of bisphosphonates on tissue-neighbouring bone, in particular skeletal muscles, should not be ignored because patients are treated with bisphosphonates for long periods.
Methods
Here, we show that the impact of alendronate on immortalized human myogenic cells depends on growth and differentiation-inducing conditions.
Key findings
Alendronate disrupted cytoskeletal structures and prevented migration, proliferation and differentiation of undifferentiated human myogenic cells that are involved in muscle regeneration. In contrast, alendronate did not affect the morphology, gene expression or survival of terminally differentiated human myotubes.
Conclusions
The present results suggest that the muscle regeneration capacity of osteoporosis patients treated with bisphosphonates for long periods may be attenuated. The present research on the pharmacological effects of alendronate on cultured human myogenic cells will contribute to improvement of therapeutic strategies and optimization of rehabilitation programmes for locomotive activity in osteoporosis patients treated with bisphosphonates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Shiomi
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, National Institute for Longevity Sciences, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Oobu, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yuki Nagata
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, National Institute for Longevity Sciences, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Oobu, Aichi, Japan
| | - Tohru Kiyono
- Division of Virology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Harada
- Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Hospital, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Oobu, Aichi, Japan
| | - Naohiro Hashimoto
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, National Institute for Longevity Sciences, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Oobu, Aichi, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Plotkin LI, Bellido T. Beyond gap junctions: Connexin43 and bone cell signaling. Bone 2013; 52:157-66. [PMID: 23041511 PMCID: PMC3513515 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2012.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2012] [Revised: 09/20/2012] [Accepted: 09/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Connexin43 (Cx43) is the most abundant gap junction protein expressed in bone cells and plays a central role in cell-to-cell communication in the skeleton. Findings of the last decade uncovered functions of Cx43 hemichannels expressed on unopposed plasma cell membranes as mediators of the communication between bone cells and their extracellular milieu. Additionally, through its cytoplasmic C-terminus domain, Cx43 serves as a scaffolding protein that associates with structural and signaling molecules leading to regulation of intracellular signaling, independent of channel activity. This perspective discusses the evidence demonstrating that via these diverse mechanisms Cx43 is a key component of the intracellular machinery responsible for signal transduction in bone in response to pharmacologic, hormonal and mechanical stimuli. This advance in the knowledge of the role of connexins increases our understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms that regulate bone cell function and provides new opportunities to treat bone diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lilian I. Plotkin
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Teresita Bellido
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| |
Collapse
|